T1666 The Awakening of Faith

Glossary

Abhidharma: Philosophical analysis; specifically, a collection of treatises that attempt systematic analysis and explanation of the Buddha's teaching. Amitåbha: The name of a transcendent Buddha who dwells in a Buddha land called the Pure Land or the Western Paradise; the principal Buddha and object of worship in the Pure Land schools of Mahayna Buddhism. arhat: A saint who has completely eradicated the passions and attained liberation from the cycle of birth and death (samsara); the highest stage of spiritual attainment in the Hinayana. See alsoHinayana; samsara. AvalokiteΩvara: A great bodhisattva who represents great compassion. bodhisattva ("enlightenment being"): The spiritual ideal of the Mahayana, a selfless being with universal compassion who sees the universal emptiness of all phenomena (dharmas) and has generated the profound aspiration to achieve enlightenment in order to benefit sentient beings. In the course of their spiritual careers, bodhisattvas engage in the practice of the perfections (påramitås) and attain stages of increasingly higher levels of spiritual accomplishment. See alsoemptiness; Mahayana; perfections; stage. bliss body (saµbhogakåya): See three bodies.

Buddha land: A cosmic world or realm in which a particular Buddha dwells. Buddha-nature: The basic enlightened nature of sentient beings, which is chronically obscured by their ignorance. The complete unfolding of the Buddha-nature is enlightenment itself.

cessation and clear observation (Ωamathaand vipaΩyanå): The two traditional phases of meditative concentration, consisting of calming the mind and stilling discursive thoughts (cessation) in order to prepare a stable base for meditative insight (clear observation) into the nature of reality. concentration (samådhi): Any of various states of meditative absorption, each characterized by di›erent qualities.

91

Glossary

dharmakåya.See three bodies.

emptiness (Ω¥nyatå): The absence of permanent essence in things.All phenomena are devoid of independent, permanent existence, self-nature (svabhåva), and instead exist only in dependence on a complex web of causes and conditions and go on existing only as long as those causes and conditions prevail. The doctrine of emptiness is the central teaching of Mahayana Buddhism.See alsoMahayana.

Hinayana ("Lesser Vehicle): A generic term applied by Mahayanists to the teachings and practices of early Buddhism which emphasized individual salvation.See alsoMahayana.

karma: Lit.,

tral.

"action,

" any mental, verbal, or physical act which leads to rebirth in samsara according to whether it is morally, good, evil, or neu-Mådhyamaka: Någårjuna's philosophy of the Middle Way, explaining emptiness. See alsoemptiness; Någårjuna. Mahayana ("Great Vehicle"): A form of Buddhism that developed in India around 100 B.C.E. and which exalts as its religious ideal bodhisattvas, great beings who aspire to enlightenment in order to help liberate all sentient beings. See alsobodhisattva.

MañjuΩr∆: A great bodhisattva who exemplifies transcendent wisdom. mind/Mind (citta): DEFINITION NEEDED

mind only (vijñapti-måtratå): The central teaching of the Yogåcåra school of Buddhism, which indicates that we mistakenly take mental constructions (vijñapti) as presenting realities external to the consciousness (vijñåna) in which they appear, yet they are only mental constructs and not ultimate truth. See alsoYogåcåra; twofold truths. Någårjuna (second-third century B.C.E.): The principal philosopher of the Mahayana teaching of emptiness. See also emptiness; Mahayana. påramitås: Qualities to be perfected by bodhisattvas on their way to complete enlightenment: 1) charity (dåna), 2) observance of precepts (Ω∆la), 3) patience (k≈ånti), 4) zeal (v∆rya), 5) meditation (dhyåna), and 6) wisdom (prajñå). See alsobodhisattva.

92

Glossary

permeation (våsanå): The influence of karmic imprints upon consciousness. Prajñåpåramitå ("Perfection of Wisdom"): The name of a body of Mahayana scriptures that emphasize the doctrine of emptiness, and which served as the fundamental texts for a number of important Buddhist schools, including Yogåcåra and Chan/Zen. See also emptiness; Mahayana; Yogåcåra; Zen.

pratyekabuddha:A sage who attains enlightenment by directly observing the dependent co-arising of phenomena, without the guidance of a teacher, and who intends neither to guide others nor to expound the teaching to others. One of the two kinds of Hinayana sages. See also Hinayana.

sense perceptions: The perceptions that accompany contact between the five sense organs of the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and body with their respective objects, resulting in sight, hearing, olfactory perception, taste, and touch. stage (bh¥mi): Various stages or levels of practice and attainment undertaken by bodhisattvas on their way to complete enlightenment. See also bodhisattva. storehouse consciousness (ålaya-vijñåna): The latent, seminal consciousness that supports karmically defiled awareness; the storehouse of all the imprints of mental defilements that generate delusion. suchness (tathatå): The state of things as they really are; ultimate truth; ultimate reality.

Tathågata: An epithet for the Buddha. It means "one who has gone to (gata) and come from (ågata) the truth of suchness (tathå), " i.e.,

"one who

embodies the truth of suchness (tathå).

" See alsosuchness.

tathågatagarbha:Another name for the Buddha-nature that is within all beings, conceived of as a kind of matrix where the essence of the Tathågata is retained and matured. See alsoBuddha-nature; Tathågata. three bodies (trikåya): The three bodies of the Buddha—1) the dharmakåya, which is the Buddha as suchness or ultimate reality, 2) the bliss body (saµbhogakåya), acquired by Buddhas through absolute perfection of their practice; this body can go everywhere, is omniscient, etc., and 3) the transformation body (nirmå√a kåya), whereby, out of compassion, the Buddha manifests in an infinite number of forms in order to assist sentient beings. See alsosuchness.

transformation body.See three bodies.

93

Glossary

transmigration (samsara): The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth to which sentient beings are subject as a result of their past actions (karma). See alsokarma; samsara.

triple word: 1) The world of desire (kåmadhåtu), 2) the world of form (r¥pa dhåtu), experienced by those who have severed all desires but still experience the world as form, and 3) the world of formlessness (år¥pya dhåtu), experienced by those who have severed all desires and attachment to form but have still not attained enlightenment.

twofold truths: 1) Ultimate or absolute truth, the transcendent truth that is beyond conceptualization, and 2) conventional or relative truth. Conventional, relative,. or worldy truth represents a limited understanding of reality based in ordinary thinking and perception, which takes objects of the perceptions as real and independently existent. Ultimate truth is the apprehension of things as they really are, i.e., empty of independent selfhood, and is synonymous with suchness and the state of enlightenment. See also suchness.

Vasubandhu (ca. 320-400 C.E.): Co-founder of the Consciousness Only school, also known as the Yogåcåra.See alsoYogå cåra.

Yogåcåra: An alternate name for the Consciousness Only school developed by the Indian masters Asaçga and Vasubandhuin the fourth century C.E.. See alsomind only; Vasubandhu.

94

Bibliography

Classical Commentaries

Fazang (643-712). Dachengqixinlunyiji,five juan(fascicles). Taishø No. 1846.

Huiyuan (523-592). Dachengqixinlunyishu,four juan.Taishø No. 1843. Zixuan (d. 1038). Qixinlunshubixiaoji,twenty juan.Taishø No. 1848. Yuanxiao (Wπnhyo [617-686]). Qixinlunshu,two juan.Taishø No. 1844. Modern Works

Demiéville, Paul.

"Sur l'authenticité du Ta Tch'ing K'i Sin Louen,

" Bulletin

de la Maison Franco-Japonaise,II (No. 2, Tokyo, 1929), pp. 1-78. In this article, the author summarizes the results of study on the problems of the text posed by Japanese scholars up to the date of publication, including a selected bibliography of Japanese publications. For a general background knowledge of the problems, this work is extremely useful. Hisamatsu, Shin'ichi.

"Kishin no kadai" ("The Problems of the Awakening of Faith"), Tetsugaku kenky¥(The Journal of Philosophical Studies) (Kyoto University, 1946), No. 354, pp. 20-45; No. 355, pp. 18-37. The author discusses the characteristics of the text on the basis of the Reasons for Writing, Part One. The text is analyzed from the point of view of the philosophy of religion.

Itø, Kazuo. Shinchi no tanky¥(The Search for True Wisdom). Kyoto, 1947. 274 pp. Three articles collected in this book are strongly recommended for the understanding of the key concepts of the text: "Kishin ni okeru shinnyo no rikai" ("The Understanding of Suchness in the Awakening of Faith"), pp. 25-58; "Shujø no kangensei" ("Returning to the Source of Sentient Beings"), pp. 59-84; and "Mumyø no køzø" ("The Structure of Ignorance"), pp. 85-106.

95

Bibliography

Kashiwagi, Hiroo.

"Shikushananda no yaku to tsutaerareru Daijø kishin ron" ("On the Translation of the Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana attributed to ¸ik≈ånanda"), Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies, X (No. 2, March, 1962), pp. 124-5. The textual di›erences found between the old and new versions of the Awakening of Faith are noted in detail. Though short, this article is useful for textual comparison. Katø, Totsudø. Daijø kishin ron køwa(An Explication of the Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana). Tokyo, 1939. 250 pp. Among the several modern works written in Japanese intended for popularization of the text, this book is recommended. The author interprets the text mainly on the basis of Fazang's commentary.

Liang, Ch'i-ch'ao. Ta-ch'eng ch'i-hsin tun k'ao cheng (A Critical Examination of the Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana). Shanghai, 1923. 98 pp. This book is significant among the works written in Chinese in this period in that it evidences the first critical study of the text applying the historical and philological method of textual criticism. It gives a survey of the results of studies of the text done by Japanese scholars and gives a bibliography of the publications of Japanese scholars on the text (pp. 2-4). The author mainly follows the arguments developed by Mochizuki Shinkø, and claims that the text was neither written by AΩvagho≈a nor translated by Paramårtha and that, having been composed in China, it represents an invaluable monument of the synthesis of Chinese and Indian thought. Though the book is included in the Ta-ch'eng ch'i-hsin lun chen-wei pien, edited by Shih Tai-hsü (see below), it is listed separately here because of its historical significance and independent publication. Liebenthal, Walter.

"New Light on the Mahåyåna-Ωraddhotpåda Ωåstra,

"

T'oung Pao,XLVI (1958), pp. 155-216. This is a thorough study of the text and its historical problems. The present writer does not agree, in many cases, with the translation of the passages of the text quoted in support of the arguments; nevertheless, this is an important work to be referred to as representing an extremely radical and yet consistent approach to the text. Mochizuki, Shinkø. Daijø kishin ron no kenky¥ (Studies of the Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana). Kyoto, 1922. 492 pp. Presented in this book are the author's major articles published earlier in various periodicals, an excellent bibliography on the commentaries and subcommentaries, an analysis of the text, and the old and new versions of the text printed side by side (Appendix, pp. 1-84). This is an indispensable work representing modern critical studies of the text. 96

Bibliography

Park, Sung-bae.

"Wπnhyo's Commentaries on the Awakening of Faith in Mahayana.

" Dissertation. Berkeley, CA: University of California, 1979.

Shih, T'ai-hsü, ed. Ta-ch'eng ch'i-hsin lun chen-wei pien (The Authenticity of the Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana). Wucheng, China, 1924. 102 pp. This book contains nine articles written by representative Chinese Buddhist scholars of the period. It is valuable in gaining an understanding of how modern Chinese scholars have viewed the problems of the text. —

. Ta-ch'eng ch'i-hsin lun chiang-i (Lectures on the Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana). Shanghai, 1921. Two juan.Though written in the present century, this book can be regarded as an extension of the traditional commentary approach. The work gives evidence of the high esteem in which the text is held by the author, the most eminent Chinese Buddhist monk of recent times. Shih, Yin-shun. Ta-ch'eng ch'i-hsin tun chiang-chi (Lectures on the Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana). Taipei, Taiwan, 1952. 308 pp. This is a collection of lectures given on the subject by a devoted Chinese monk-scholar of today. The language used is more colloquial than literary, and is accordingly easily understandable for a student of modern Chinese. The book may be used as a convenient introduction before one embarks upon the classical commentaries.

Shimaji, Daitø.

"Daijø kishin ron kaidai" ("Introduction to the Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana"), Kokuyaku daizøkyø, Ronbu, V (Tokyo, 1927), pp. 1-35. This is an introduction to the author's Japanese translation of the text, giving a comprehensive survey of the textual problems, the studies done on the text in early times, and the influences that the text have exerted upon various schools of Mahayana Buddhism. The summary of the contents of the text given in diagram form is helpful in gaining an overall picture of the text. Ui, Hakuju. Daijø kishin ron(The Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana). (Iwanami edition.) Tokyo, 1936. 148 pp. This book consists of the critically edited text, a Japanese translation printed on the facing pages, and notes. The notes and the postscript (pp. 131-48) are most useful because of the author's objective approach to the text. 97

Index

A

Abhidharma 27

absolute (see alsoMind; suchness) xxi, xxix, xxx, xxxi, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 22, 23, 24, 39, 55, 59, 86

absorption into (see also ekacaryå samådhi) 89-90

aspect(s) 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 17, 23, 55, 56

order xxix, 9, 12, 17, 26, 33, 48, 50, 52, 54, 63

and phenomena 35, 56 truth 47

act(s) (see alsodeed) 68, 73, 76 evil 32

free 43

four, of loving-kindness 41, 42 good 78

meritorious 73, 79 perceiving 32

spontaneous 38, 69 advaya. Seenondual a‡rmation and negation 15, 16 ålaya-vijñåna. Seeconsciousness, storehouse

Amitåbha Buddha xxvii, 80, 89, 90 anåsrava. Seenondefilement anåsrava-dharma. See purity, perfect state of anutpanna. Seeunborn anuvyañjana. Seemarks, subtle anxiety 24, 25, 45, 65, 76 appearance(s) (see alsolak≈ana; phenomena) 12, 18, 22, 56, 86 arhat(s) 36-7

arrogance 5, 77 årupyadhåtu. Seeworld, or formlessness Asia, Asian (see alsoCentral Asia) xvii, xix, xxxiii aspiration 37, 38, 48, 50, 60, 61, 65, 66

for enlightenment 59-67 aΩ¥nya(see alsononempty) 14 -approach 87

AΩvagho≈a xxi, xxiii-xxiv, xxv, xxxiii, 83

AΩvaghosha's Discourse on the Awaken ing of Faith in the Maha yana 86

atman. Seeself, permanent attachment(s) 18, 24, 29, 36, 37, 65, 76, 77, 79, 87 to atman 31, 35 erroneous 25, 58 evil 3, 11, 53

attributes (see also lak≈ana) 7, 8, 13, 14, 20, 44, 49 AvalokiteΩvara 41, 71 Avataµsaka-s¥tra 28 avidyå(see alsoignorance; non enlightenment) 25, 30, 32, 45 Awakening of Faith xvii, xix,xxi, xxiii-xxviii, xxx-xxxii, 49, 89, 90 99

Index

Awakening of Faith(continued) authorship of xxi, xxii-xxv analysis of contents xxi xxviiixxxi commentary(ies) on xviii, xxii, xxv, xxvi-xxvii, xxx, xxxiii, xxxiv, 30, 83

doubts concerning final section of 90

pattern of analysis in terms of essence and influence in 86 style of xxii

influence of xxvii-xxviii terminology in xxxi-xxxii translations of xxxii-xxxiv, 67 Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana(see also Awakening of Faith) xxi, 7

Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana Doctrine—The New Buddhism, The 86

B

Beal, Samuel 84

de Bary, Wm. Theodore xviii, xix being 7, 8, 15, 16, 24, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 40, 41, 43, 45, 50, 54, 58, 59, 62

defiled states of 30 realms of xxix

being(s) (see alsohuman being; sentient being) 34, 47, 49, 54, 60, 62, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 76, 78, 81, 82

believers 39, 42

Benares 64

Bendøwa 86

Bhik≈u Wai-tao. SeeWai-tao birth and death (see alsosamsara) 8, 11, 16, 26, 45, 58, 86, 87 bliss 5, 39, 40, 44, 49, 50, 67, 79 100

bliss body 48-9, 50, 51 bodhi. Seeenlightenment bodhisattva(s) xxiv, 9, 18-19, 29, 31, 32, 34, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42-3, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 59, 60, 64-5, 66 -7, 68, 71-2, 76, 77, 82 as coordinating causes 40, 42 eight types of manifestation of 64 and realization of dharmakåya 29, 43, 64, 67

stages. Seestage(s)

and suchness 42, 43, 44, 48, 49, 50, 65, 66

vehicle 47

bodhisattvahood 29, 46, 50, 66 Buddha (see alsoAmitåbha; Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha; ¸åkyamuni) xxiv, 5, 6, 15, 27, 33, 36, 48, 50, 51, 60, 64, 75, 77, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84

Eternal (see also dharmakåya) xxix, 41

historical xxiv, xxix marks of 19, 82

triple body of 49-50 wisdom 19, 82

Buddhacarita xxiii, 83-4 Buddhacarita or, Acts of the Buddha, The 84

Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha (see alsoThree Treasures) 3, 63, 71 Buddhahood 43

Buddhakarita of AΩvagho≈a, The 83

Buddha land 80

Buddha-nature xxix, 9 Buddhas 3, 9, 29, 34, 40, 41, 42, 43, 49, 50, 51, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 66, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 80, 81 as coordinating causes 40, 42 and suchness 42, 44

Buddha's Leben 84

Buddha's Wandel 84 Buddha Tathågata(s) (see also Tathågata) 46, 47, 69 Buddhism xxiii, xxiv, xxvi, xxvii, xxx, xxxii, xxxiii, 19, 26, 27, 30, 40, 52, 61, 74, 84, 85, 90 Chinese xvii, 85

East Asian, Far Eastern xix, 89 Hinayana. SeeHinayana Indian xxx, xxxii, 68 Japanese xvii

Mahayana. SeeMahayana Shingon. SeeShingon Tantric xxiii

Zen. SeeZen

Buddhist(s) xvii, xix, xxiii, xxv, 86, 87, 89

community (see alsoSangha) 3, 71

doctrine, studies, thought xxii, xxix, xxxi, xxxiii, xxxiv, 15 literature, scriptures, texts, translations, works xxi, xxiv, xxv, xxx, 13, 83

thinkers 15, 27, 35 Buddhist Bible, A 86 Buddhist Wisdom Books 83, 88 bujue 30

Bukkyø ni okeru shinshiki-setsu no kenky¥ 85

busheng. Seeunborn buyiwenzi 67

C

cakravartin. Seeuniversal monarch Capeller, Carl 84

causality, law of 63 cause(s) 8, 24, 26, 35, 41, 42, 60, 76 coordinating 8, 22, 34, 36, 38, 40, 41, 62, 79

Index

primary 8, 22, 30, 34, 36, 38, 40, 62, 79

Central Asia xxiii, xxv, 28 cessation (see alsocessation and clear observation) 34, 35, 38, 68, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78 practice of 74-8, 79 cessation and clear observation 5, 72, 73-4, 79, 89, 90 practice of 73-4

Chan (see alsoZen) xxvii, 89 and ekacaryå samådhi 89-90 influenced by Awakening of Faith xxvii

Northern School of xxvii characteristic(s) 17, 21, 22, 34, 44, 55, 67, 73, 74, 76 of beings in samsara 8, 34 states of existence, four 19 charity 42, 46, 72, 76 perfection of 65

practice of 72

China xix, xxiv, xxv, xxvii, xxx, 28, 30, 74, 83, 89, 90 Chinese xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxx, 31, 42, 85

Buddhism, Buddhists xvii, 83, 85 language xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, xxxii, xxxiv, 3, 30, 39, 83, 84, 86

Christianity xxxii, xxxiii, 30 citta(see alsomind) 26-7 cittaprakriti. SeeMind, essential nature of

clear observation (see alsocessation and clear observation) 74, 78-80 Columbia University xvii, xix commentary(ies) (see alsoAwakening of Faith,commentary on; treatise) 13, 29, 74 compassion 41, 46, 55, 60, 62, 78, 79 101

Index

concentration (see also samådhi) 42, 75, 77, 79

concepts, conceptions 16, 23, 28, 54, 59

conceptual, conceptualization 13, 14, 16

Confucianism xxvii, 85 consciousness 16, 21, 26, 29-31, 43, 51, 52, 88

ego- 17

eight categories of, in Yogåcåra 17 object-discriminating 29, 36, 37, 38, 48, 87

storehouse 16-17, 21, 22, 26, 27, 68

Consciousness Only school xxvii continuity 19, 21, 24, 35 Conze, Edward xxii, 83, 88 corporeal 25, 48, 49, 50, 51, 54, 61 Cowell, E. B. 83 D

Dachengqixinlun. See Awakening of Faith

Daijø kishin-ron no kenky¥ 83, 84, 85

dåna. Seecharity Dao. Seeenlightenment Daoism xxvii, 85 Daochong 83

Daoxuan xxv

DaΩabh¥mika-s¥tra 28, 29, 87 Das Leben des Buddha von AΩvaghosha 84

deed(s) (see alsoact) 3, 6, 41, 60, 62, 65

defilement(s) xxx, xxxii, 22, 25, 26, 29, 33, 34, 35, 36, 40, 45, 56, 61, 62, 65, 70, 72, 75, 77, 78 disunited 31-2, 32-3, 34 102

six kinds of 31-2, 34 subtle 31-2, 34

deluded 56, 62, 77 activities 21, 38, 54 mind 14, 15, 21, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 35, 36, 37, 38, 43, 45, 51, 56, 88

thought(s) 19, 20, 24, 27, 28, 30, 32, 36, 37, 45, 59 Demiéville, Paul 83 dharma(s) (see alsophenomena) 8, 23, 28, 43, 55

Dharma (see alsoBuddha, Dharma, and Sangha) 3, 20, 33, 48, 63, 67, 71

wheel of 64, 66

dharmadhåtu(see alsoreality, world of) xxx, 12, 17, 75 dharmakåya xxix, xxx, 17, 18, 21, 29, 41, 43, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 54, 55, 64, 67, 69, 70, 75, 80 bodhisattvas' realization of 18, 29, 43, 50, 64, 67 and corporeal form 51 distinct from empty space 54 experience of 66 of the Buddhas, Buddha Tathågatas 47, 50, 51, 69, 76 of the Tathågata 17, 44, 53 DharmarakΩa 84

dharmatå. Seereality, essential nature of

dhyåna. Seemeditation Diamond Sutra 47 discipline(s) 43, 60, 65, 71, 72, 75 doctrine(s) 11, 26, 27, 42, 48, 53, 57, 58, 64, 69, 77 heretical 90

Døgen 86

dream(s), simile of 19, 78, 87

dualism, dualistic xxxi, 50, 51, 52 du˙kha. Seeanxiety; su›ering Dumoulin, Heinrich 85 E

ekacaryå samådhi(see also absolute, absorption into) 89-90 ekacitta. SeeOne Mind ekalak≈ana samådhi. See samådhi, of one aspect

emptiness 16, 63, 76, 87 empty 14, 15, 16, 22, 23, 55, 87 space. Seespace, empty Enlightened One(s) (see alsoBuddha; Buddhas) 9, 29, 34, 48, 54 enlightenment xxi, xxix, 6, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25-6, 29, 30, 31, 33, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47, 57, 59, 60, 66, 67, 68, 71, 77, 79, 81, 83, 86

aspiration for 59-62, 64, 65-8 actualization of 17-18, 19, 20, 50 attainment of 64, 72, 73, 83 essence of 21-2

final 18, 19

and nonenlightenment 25-6 original xxx, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 36, 38, 39, 43, 50, 57, 68, 72, 81

true 23, 37

unsurpassed 63, 81 eon(s) 46, 60, 61, 65, 66, 67, 81 essence (see alsoabsolute) 7, 8, 12, 14, 25, 35, 38, 42, 50, 51, 55, 56, 62, 65, 86

of Buddha(s) 3, 43, 62 of enlightenment 21-2, 25 of Mind 17, 20-1, 31, 35 of phenomena, things 8, 15 of suchness 13, 31, 38, 39, 43, 44, 55

Index

essence body. See dharmakåya Essential Nature of Man. See Yuan renlun

eternalism 58

evil(s) 32, 56, 57, 59, 77 attachments 3, 53

karma 5, 25, 32, 36, 63, 64, 73, 75, 79

states of existence 64, 80 stopping 63

Evil Tempter 64, 73, 76, 77 existence(s) 86

defiled states of 14 evil states of 64, 80 four characteristic states of 39 expedient means xxvii, 5, 19, 21, 31, 39, 41, 47, 59, 66, 68, 69, 72, 75, 79, 80, 90

four kinds of 62-4 F

faith xxi, xxviii, 31, 32, 43, 60, 63, 64, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 80, 82 in Amitåbha Buddha xxvii, 90 correct 3, 29, 61, 65, 79, 81 four xxviii, 71

in the Mahayana 3, 5 nonretrogressive 5, 6, 60 perfection of 60, 62 in suchness 50

Fajing xxv

Far East, Far Eastern xxviii, 86, 89 Fazang xxvi, xxvii, xxx, xxxiv, 42, 67, 88, 89

on the absolute and phenomena 56

on the characteristics of suchness 45

classification of Indian Buddhism xxx

103

Index

Fazang (continued) on coordinating causes 42 on the perfection of the discipline of free acts 43

on false views of polarity 57 on ignorance 30

on "in their totality" 12 on nihilism 55

on One Mind 11

on the perfect state of purity 39 on the permeation of suchness 38 on subtle defilement 34 on suchness 13

on the three subtle modes of mind 68

Fei Changfang xxiv five components 51-2, 58 five practices. Seepractice(s), five flash of lightning, simile of 78 four acts of loving-kindness 41, 42 Further Biographies of Eminent Monks. See Xugaosengzhuan G

Ganges River xxxii, 40, 44, 45, 46, 56

"Genninron, Tsungmi's Trakat vom Ursprung des Menschen" 85 Goddard, Dwight xxxii, xxxiii, 86 good, goodness 57, 59, 62, 73, 79, 80 acts, deeds 62, 78 capacity for 5, 22, 40, 41, 60, 61, 63, 71, 73, 75, 79 causes 8

karma 28, 79

spiritual friends 40, 77 teaching 60

group of the undetermined 60-1 guan. Seeclear observation; vipaΩyanå

104

H

Hakeda, Yoshito S. xvii, xix Hanyou 85

Heaven of Akani≈†ha 68 heretic(s) 57, 76, 77 samådhi(s) of 76, 77 scriptures of 57

heretical doctrines, views 77, 90 Hinayana, Hinayanists xxiii, xxx, 7, 18, 31, 37, 52

biased views of 53, 57-8 and conception of nirvana 58 and enlightenment 18, 38 failure to understand cause of deluded mind 20

followers of 5, 18, 29, 48, 61, 65, 79

and influence of suchness as nirmå√akåya 48

and the practice of cessation and clear observation 79 and suchness 42, 44 Hisamatsu Shin'ichi xxxiv Høshøron no kenky¥ 86 Houdezhi 54

Huayan school xxvii, 28, 31 fifth patriarch of. SeeZongmi third patriarch of. SeeFazang Huiyuan xxvi

huran 30-1

I

identity 25, 44, 68 with original enlightenment 17, 50

with suchness 47

ignorance (see alsostupidity) 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35-6, 37, 38, 39-40, 43, 45, 46, 47, 52, 57, 59, 66, 68, 69

beginningless, without beginning, 20, 43, 57

as cause of all defiled states, defile ments, nonenlightenment 25, 30, 31, 33, 35, 40 origin of 30-1 permeation of 29, 34, 36-8, 78 and suchness 39-40 India (see alsoWest India) xxiii, xxv, xxvi, xxx, 84, 90 Indian xxi, xxiii, xxv, 84 Buddhism xxx, xxxii, 68 Indologists xxiii influence(s) 7, 8, 14, 20, 36, 42, 43, 47, 49, 68, 69, 77, 86, 87, 89 permeation through 38, 41, 42 of suchness 8, 43, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 67

insight 18, 19, 20, 59, 60, 66 into suchness 33, 50, 66 intellect 31, 52 discriminating 24 intellectual 63 analysis 31, 79 defilement 29 discrimination 22 hindrances 22 Itø Kazuo xxxiv, 88 J

Japan xix, xxvi, xxvii, 86 Japanese xxii, 86, 87 Buddhism xvii Jizang xxv

Johnston, E. H. xxx, 84, 85 Jøron kenky¥ 86 K

Kålidåsa xxiii kalpa. Seeeon Index

kåmadhåtu. Seeworld, of desire karma xxxiv, 25, 28, 36, 50, 60, 62, 64, 68, 79

good 28, 79

evil 5, 25, 32, 36, 63, 64, 73, 75, 79 Kashiwaga Hiroo 84 Katsumata Shunkyø 85 Kawada Kumatarø 85 kåvyastyle xxiii Kegon shisø 85 Kegon shisø shi 85 Kern, H. 88

Khotan xxv

"Kishin-ron kaishaku no hensen" 85 knowledge (see alsounderstanding) 43, 52, 59, 76 all-embracing 68, 69, 71 Kobayashi Jitsugen 85 Kondø, R. 87

Korea, Korean xix, xxvi, xxvii, 13, 30

kriyå. Seeinfluence k≈ånti. Seepatience K¥kai xxvi, 86 L

lak≈ana(see alsoappearance; attribute; characteristic; mark) 8, 12, 21, 49, 73 language 13, 48 validity of, in Mahayana Buddhism 59

Lankåvatåra-s¥tra xxx, 87, 88 Lankavatara Sutra, The 85, 88 Lesser Vehicle. SeeHinayana Le Yuan Jen Louen 85 Lidaisanbaoji xxiv Liebenthal, Walter 83, 84, 90 Life of Buddha. See Buddhacarita Life of Buddha by AΩvaghosha Bodhisattva, A 84 105

Index

Lotus of the True Law, The 88 Lotus Sutra 41

loving-kindness, four acts of 41, 42 M

Mådhyamaka xxiii, xxx Mådhaymaka-karikas 58, 86, 87, 88 mahå 8, 44

mahåyåna 8, 9, 89

Mahayana, Mahayanists xvii, xix, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxviii, xxix, xxx, xxxi, 11, 15, 17, 26, 37, 41, 46, 47, 49, 51, 58, 59, 61, 81 eight types of manifestation of 64 faith in 3, 5

principle of 11, 14 sutras xxiv, xxxii, 28, 90 as term meaning suchness 7 MahåyanaΩraddhotpåda-Ωåstra(see also Awakening of Faith) xxi Maming. SeeAΩvagho≈a manas(see alsoconsciousness, ego-; mind, ego-conscious) 26, 27 manifestation(s) 3, 21, 38, 41, 49, 51, 86

eight types of 64

of the essence of suchness 38, 39, 49

magic-like 25, 26

MañjuΩr∆ 71

mano-vijñåna. Seeconsciousness, ego-Måra. SeeEvil Tempter mark(s) 14, 15, 22, 23, 28, 33, 35, 36, 38, 47, 58, 75, 87 of the Buddha 25

eighty minor, of the Buddha, Tathågata 49, 76

major, of the bliss body 48-9, 50, 52

subtle, of the bliss body 49 106

Masson-Oursel, Paul 85 materialism xxxi

matrix of Tathågata. See tathågatagarbha måyå. Seemanifestation, magic-like meditation 74, 76, 77, 80, 89 on Amitåbha 80, 89, 90 perfection of 66

singleminded 5, 46

two methods of (see also Ωamatha; vipaΩyanå) 5, 74, 89, 90 mind(s) 5, 6, 7, 17, 20, 22, 24, 26-8, 29, 32, 34-5, 37, 38, 39, 43, 44, 45, 48, 50, 51, 52, 54, 59, 62, 65, 66, 67-8, 69, 70, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 89

activating 27, 32, 35, 36, 37, 45, 50, 68, 88-9

analytical 28, 31, 59 of the bodhisattvas 48, 49 continuing (see alsoconsciousness, storehouse) 28, 29, 31 defiled state(s) of 29, 31-2, 33, 34, 38, 55, 56

deluded 14, 15, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24-5, 28, 29, 35, 36, 37, 38, 43, 45, 46, 51, 56, 88

ego-conscious (see also manas) 27 evolving 27, 32, 33, 48, 66 and matter 7, 51, 52, 55, 58 modes of 21, 67-8

object(s) of 22, 24, 27, 28, 29, 32, 35, 36, 52, 54, 69, 74 of ordinary people 48, 50 reproducing 27, 33, 87 subconscious 17, 32 unenlightened 23, 88 Mind (see alsoOne Mind) xxix, 7, 8, 11, 19, 21, 29, 30, 51, 52 absolute aspect of 7, 8, 11, 12-16 essence of 17, 20, 21, 31, 35

essential nature of xxix, xxx, 7, 12, 30, 45, 46, 86 fountainhead of 7, 18 phenomenal aspect of 7, 8, 11, 16 of the sentient being xxix, 7 true 15, 54, 69 mind only 26, 28, 29, 45, 75, 76 Ming dynasty xxvi, 30 "Min-shin seiji no bukkyø kyosei" 85 mirror 27, 28, 31, 70 as symbol of enlightenment 21-2 Mizutani Køshø 85 Mochizuki Shinkø 83, 84, 85 Mohezhiguan 89

monism xxxi

monk(s) xxiv, xxv, xxvi, xxx, 13, 30, 31, 42, 61, 72 N

Någårjuna xxiii, xxvi on the absolute and phenomenal orders 12

on the two truths 47-8 on emptiness 16 refutation of false identifications of the absolute 15 and the term "unborn" 13, 58 Nakamura Hajime 85 names and letters (see alsoconcepts; words) 25 Nanda 84

Nanda the Fair. See Saundara nan da Neo-Confucian thought xxvii "New Light on the Mahåyåna -Ωraddhot påda Ωåstra" 83, 90 nihilism xxxi, 16, 55, 58 nirmå√akåya. Seetransformation body

nirvana 12, 13, 16, 25, 37, 38, 39, 40, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 55, 56, 57, Index

58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 76, 79, 82, 86

Hinayanist view of 58 nonabiding 63

nonbeing 15, 16, 54, 58, 59 nonbelievers 39 non-Buddhist 90 nondefilement 25 nondual, nonduality 51, 56, 58, 75 nonemptiness, nonempty 14, 15, 22, 23, 25, 39

nonenlightenment xxi, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25-6, 27, 31, 32, 33, 36, 45

nonexistence, nonexistent 16, 22, 37, 54, 56, 57, 76 nonidentity 25, 26 "Nyoraizø shisø shi kenkya josetsu" 85

no-thought 52

nun 72

O

Obermiller, E. 85 object(s) (see alsosubject and object) 12, 13, 22, 29, 31, 32-3, 34, 38, 39, 45, 48, 52, 54, 66, 67, 69, 76, 77

defiled 22, 32

of the mind 22, 28, 29, 32, 35, 36, 52, 69, 72-3

of the senses 27, 28, 29, 35, 36, 39, 52, 69, 73, 74 world of 24, 27, 28, 31, 33, 34, 37, 38, 39, 45, 46, 72-3, 75 object-discriminating consciousness. Seeconsciousness, objectdiscriminating Olson, Robert xix oneness 75

with suchness 19, 23 107

Index

One Mind (see alsoMind) xxviiixxix, 7, 11, 13, 22, 46, 69, 86 three greatnesses xxviii two aspects of xxviii, xxix, 11, 12 One Reality 86

ordinary people, person 5, 18, 20, 29, 34, 36, 38, 42, 44, 49, 53, 77, 79 biased views of 53 minds of 48, 50

own-being xxxi, 56, 58 P

Påli canon, scriptures xxiv, 74 paramårtha. Seetruth, ultimate Paramårtha xxi, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, xxxii, xxxiii

påramitås 46, 49 passion 29, 40

patience 46, 76

perfection of 65 practice of 72, 73 perceiving 24, 32, 45, 50 subject 24, 66

Perfection of Wisdom literature, sutras 15, 46, 47, 89 permeation(s) 20, 36, 37, 40, 41, 42, 60

four kinds of 35 of ignorance 29, 34, 36, 37-8 internal 38

meaning of 35-6

pure, of the pure principle 43 of suchness 37-8, 40, 43 suprarational 49 through external influences 38, 41 through manifestation of the essence of suchness 38, 39 phenomena 8, 11, 12, 16, 20, 23, 35, 45, 56, 74, 78, 86, 87 phenomenal xxi, xxx aspect(s) of Mind 7, 8, 12, 20 108

order 8, 9, 12, 17, 20, 34, 48, 50, 54, 63

world xxi, 7

Platform Scripture, The 90 Platform Scripture of Huineng 90 Play on ¸åriputra. See ¸åriputraprakara√a pluralism pluralistic, plurality xxxi, 16, 22, 45, 55, 56 practice(s) xxi, xxii, xxviii, 3, 9, 25, 37, 41, 42, 51, 54, 62, 63, 67, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 79, 81 of cessation 74-8, 79 of cessation and clear observation 72, 73-4, 78, 79 of clear observation 78-9 of faith xxvii, 60, 73 five xxviii, 72-4, 90 of meditation 5, 77 of the påramitås 49 of patience 72, 73 of precepts 72-3, 81 of zeal 72, 73

prajñå. Seewisdom Prajñåpåramitå. SeePerfection of Wisdom literature, sutras pratyaya. See cause, coordinating pratyekabuddha(s) 36, 37 prav®tti-vijñåna. Seemind, evolving precepts 73, 76

ten 60, 61, 81

observance of, observing 41, 42, 46, 72

perfection of 65 p®≈†halabdha-jñåna. Seewisdom, later-obtained

principle(s) 7-8, 9, 43, 75, 76, 82 of the Mahayana 7, 11, 14 of One Mind 11

pure 40, 43, 46

Index

of suchness 36, 37, 39, 43, 55, 62, 65, 71

Pure Land school xxvii, 89, 90 purity 44

perfect state of 39 of wisdom 20-1, 23 Q

quality(ies) 22, 44, 46 excellent 8, 14, 21, 44, 46, 49, 55, 56, 68, 71, 81, 82 quiescence, quiescent 33, 53, 54, 64 R

Ralider, J. 87

Ratnagotra-vibhåga-mahåyanottaratantra-Ωåstra 85 Ratnagotra-Ωåstra xxx reality (see alsoOne Reality) 3, 12, 20, 44, 66, 81, 82, 88 essential nature of 63-4, 65-6, 69, 74, 75

two aspects of 12 world of 12, 17, 30, 32, 62, 75, 86 realm(s) 14, 47 of being xxix

of nirvana 47

of samsara 51

of suchness 51, 52 of the Tathågata 77, 81 Record of the Triple Jewel Through the Successive Dynasties, A. See Lidaisanbaoji

Richard, Rev. Timothy xxxii-xxxiii, 86

rope and snake, simile of 19 r¥padhåtu. Seeworld, of form S

Saddharmapu√∂ar∆ka-s¥tra. See Lotus Sutra

¸åkyamuni (see alsoBuddha, historical) xxix, 64, 90 Mahayanist interpretation of 41 salvation xxvii, xxix, xxx, 18, 33, 67, 90

universal, vow of 63-4 samådhi(s) 42, 75, 76, 77-8, 80, 89-90

ekacaryå 89

four basic 89

of the heretics 77 of one aspect 90 of one movement 75 of suchness 75, 77 Ωamatha(see alsocessation) saµbhogakåya. Seebliss body samsara (see alsobirth and death; phenomena; phenomenal, order) 11, 12, 16, 26, 38, 46, 50, 51, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 62, 74, 77, 78, 86, 87

cause and conditions of humankind's being in 26 characteristics of beings in 8, 34 su›ering of 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 60 saµv®ti-satya. Seetruth, worldly Sangha (see alsoBuddha, Dharma, and Sangha) 3, 63 faith in 71

Sanskrit xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, xxx, 3, 31, 52, 61, 83, 84, 86 ¸åriputra-prakara√a xxiii, 84 Sarvåstivådin 52 sattvadhåtu xxx Saundarananda xxiii, 84 Saundarananda or Nanda the Fair, The 84

Sekiguchi Shindai 89 self 44, 47

permanent 18

self-existent 20 109

Index

self-nature xxxi, 29, 44, 45 self-identical substance, self-substance 8, 58 Sengzhao 86

sense perceptions, senses five 17, 27, 28, 29, 52, 65 objects of 27, 28, 29, 35, 36, 39, 52, 69, 73, 75

sentient being(s) 3, 8, 9, 25, 35, 39, 41, 46, 47, 49, 50, 57, 62, 63, 64, 68, 69, 70, 75, 79 mind, Mind of 7, 70 Schmidt, Richard 84 school(s), Buddhist, of Buddhism xvii, xix, xxvii, xxx, 27, 47, 52, 90 Huayan xxvii, 28, 31 Mådhyamaka xxiii

Pure Land xxvii, 89, 90 Shingon xxvi

Tiantai 74, 89

Yogåcåra 17, 19, 26, 27, 29 Zen xxvii, 87

Shandao 89

Shenxiu xxvii

Shih Yinshun. SeeYinshun "Shikushananda no yaku to tsutaerareru Daijø kishin-ron" 84 Shingon xxvi, xxvii, 86 Shinchi no tanky¥ 88 Shi Taixu 83

Shrine of Wisdom, The 86 ¸ik≈ånanda xxv, xxxii, 34, 67, 83, 84

Ω∆la. Seeprecepts

sin(s) 30, 73

grave 73, 75, 77

six transmigratory states 50 skandhas. See five components sm®ti. Seemeditation, singleminded Sokushinjøbutsugi 86 Song dynasty xxvii 110

space 22, 69

empty 17, 21, 53, 54, 74 speculation 18, 25, 27 ¸r∆målå-s¥tra 87

stage(s) 19, 46, 48, 50, 66, 67 of establishment of faith 31, 32 of expedient means without any trace 31

final, last 29, 32, 50, 66 first 29, 48, 50

of the followers of Hinayana 61, 65

of freedom from the evolving mind 32

of freedom from the world of objects 31

of observing precepts 31 of pure-heartedness 31, 32, 50, 66 of Tathågata, Tathågatahood 9, 32

storehouse consciousness. Seeconsciousness, storehouse Studies in the Lankavatara Sutra 87

stupidity (see alsoignorance) 5, 35, 63

subject 27, 32, 52, 77 perceiving, that perceives 24, 27, 33, 66

subject and object, subject-object 32-3, 34, 52, 59, 66, 68 suchness (see alsoabsolute; Mind) xxix, xxxi, 3, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 16, 25, 26, 31, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 59, 66, 67, 68, 80 aspects of in triple body of the Buddha 49-50

attributes of 44- 6 bodhisattvas' realization of 66 characteristics of 45-6

emptiness of 14-15, 16 essence of 13, 14, 38, 39, 43, 44, 55 essential nature of 14, 15, 26, 55 and evil 56

influence(s) of 8, 43, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 67

insight into 33, 50, 66 meditation on 62

nonemptiness of 15-16, 55 oneness with 19, 23 permeation of 37-8, 39, 40, 43, 49 principle of 36, 37, 39, 43, 55, 62, 65, 71

pure, pure state of 35, 36, 49 realm of, entry into 51-2 samådhiof 75, 77

and storehouse consciousness 17 two aspects of 14 unity with 24, 30 su›ering(s) 5, 36, 40, 62, 64, 65, 73, 78, 80, 82

beings 60, 67, 78-9 of samsara 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 60 Ω¥nya(see alsoempty) 14, 55 -approach 14

Ω¥nyatå (see alsoemptiness) [87] suprarational 44, 49, 66, 67, 68 functions 20, 21, 23, 25, 39 "Sur l'authenticité du Ta Tch'ing Ki Sin Louen" 83

sutra(s) 6, 15, 19, 25, 29, 30, 53, 55, 56, 64, 74, 80, 87, 90 Mahayana 28, 90

Perfection of Wisdom 15, 89 Pure Land 90

Suzuki, D. T. xxxii, 85, 86, 87, 88 syncretism 85

T

Ta-ch'eng ch'i-hsin lun chen-wei pen 83

Index

Taishø Tripi†aka xxi, xxxiv, 83, 88 Takamine Ryøshu 85 Takuan 87

Tamaki Køshirø 85 Tang period 85

Tantric Buddhism xxiii, xxx Tanyan xxv, 39

tathatå. Seesuchness Tathågata(s) (see alsoBuddha; Buddha Tathågatas) xxx, 6, 40, 57, 59, 76, 77, 80 dharmakåyaof 17, 44, 53 as an epithet of the Buddha xxix, 5

family 60

nirvana of 57, 82 passing away of 6 precepts 73

stage of 9

teaching(s) of 5, 6 wisdom 54

tathågatagarbha xxix-xxxi, 7, 9, 55, 56, 57, 87

excellent qualities of 8, 55, 56 as ground of samsara 16, 56, 87 as latent suchness 44, 46 Tathågatahood, stage of 32 Tendai shøshikan no henky¥ 89 Ten Stages Sutra. See DåΩa bh¥mi ka-s¥tra "The Development of the Thought of Tathågatagarbha from India to China" 85

"The Oldest Commentary of the MahåyånaΩraddhotpåda Ωåstra" 84

Theravada (see alsoHinayana) xxiii, xxx

"The Sublime Science of Buddhist Monism" 85

111

Index

thought(s) 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 30, 36, 45, 46, 47, 69, 73, 74, 75, 88 correct 75, 77 deluded 14, 19, 20, 24, 27, 28, 30, 32, 36, 37, 45, 59 false 18

instant of 66, 68 irrelevant 45, 46 mode(s) of 13, 14 perverse 69

three greatnesses xxviii, 8, 44-51 Three Treasures 3, 63, 82 Tiantai school 74, 89 Tibetan xxii, xxiii, xxv, 83, 84, 85 Tøkai yawa 87

transcendental 9, 12, 13, 16, 20, 54 world 7

transformation body 48, 49, 50 transmigration, transmigratory states, six 49, 50 treatise(s) (see alsocommentary) xxi, 5, 6, 81, 85 TrimΩikå 89

triple world (see alsoworld, of desire, of form, of formlessness) 28, 29, 57, 77 triratna. SeeThree Treasures truth(s) xxxiii, 5, 48 absolute, ultimate 47, 48 conventional, relative, worldly 47, 48

twofold 47-8

Tsukamoto Zenry¥ 85, 86 U

Ujjayini xxiv

Ui Hakuju xxxiv, 86 ultimate reality (see alsoabsolute) xxx

112

ultimate truth. Seetruth, absolute ultimate

unborn 12, 13, 58, 62, 79 understanding 6, 48, 60, 65, 69, 72 Underwood, Fred xix undetermined. Seegroup of the undetermined

united 32

universal monarch 49 universal salvation, great vow of 63, 64

upåya. Seeexpedient means V

Vajracchedikå-s¥tra. See Diamond Sutra

våsanå. Seepermeation Vasubandhu 29

on the storehouse consciousness 68

vehicle (see also yåna) 9, 47 view(s), viewpoints 16, 19, 23, 54, 59, 79, 85, 87 absolute 22, 54 biased 53, 55, 57, 61 correct 19

deluded 62

of emptiness 87 heretical 57, 77 irrelevant 53

perverse 29, 37, 69, 72, 77 two 7, 8

wrong 20, 54, 57, 77 vijñåna. Seeconsciousness; mind vikalpa. Seespeculation vipaΩyanå(see alsoclear observation) 5, 74 v∆rya. Seezeal vow(s) 63, 64, 76, 79 great 46, 78

great, of universal salvation 63, 64

vyavahåra. Seetruth, conventional, relative, worldly W

Wai-tao xxxii, xxxiii water and wind, simile of 21, 35 Watson, Burton xix Weller, Friedrich 84 Wei-shi. SeeConsciousness Only school

West India xxiv Western languages, readers, scholars xvii, xix, 83, 90 Western Paradise 80 Wing-tsit Chan 90 wisdom 21, 25, 29, 33, 35, 42, 45, 46, 51, 58, 59, 68, 76 Buddha, of the Buddha Tathågatas 19, 43, 47, 54, 82 essence of, essential nature of 21, 22, 51

great 44, 45, 47, 54, 69 later-obtained 33 perfection of 66 pure, purity of 20-1, 23 that functions spontaneously 33 that is one with suchness 42, 68 wisdom body (see also dharmakåya) 51

wojian. See view, biased wood and fire, simile of 40 word(s) (see alsonames and letters, words) 13, 14, 25, 33, 61, 66, 67 world (see alsotriple world) 3, 6, 8, 12, 18, 33, 35, 37, 41, 43, 47, 48, 50, 53, 55, 56, 66, 67, 68, 69, 72, 77, 78, 79, 80, 87 of desire 29

external 35, 75 of form 29, 68

of formlessness 29 Index

of objects 24, 27, 28, 31, 33, 34, 37, 38, 39, 45, 46, 72-3, 75 phenomenal xxi, 7 pluralistic 16

of reality 12, 17, 30, 32, 62, 75, 86

transcendental 7 worldly 5, 48, 73, 76 wunian. Seeno-thought wuyunian 88

Wπnhyo xxvi, 88 on causes for practice 42 on ignorance 30 on subtle defilement 34 on suchness 13

X

Xaozhiguan 89

Xuanzang xxv

Xugaosengzhuan xxv Y

Yampolsky, Philip xix yåna(see alsovehicle) 9, 59, 89 Yinshun xxxiv

yixiang sanmei. See ekacaryå samadhi

yixing sanmei. See ekalak≈ana samådhi

Yogåcåra xxx, 19, 26-7 distinctive use of terms for "mind" 27

doctrine of subjective idealism (mind only) 26

eight categories of consciousness 17

influence on the concept of tathå gata garbha 26 and triple world 28-9 Yuanjuejingdashushiyichao 85 Yuanrenlun xxvii 113

Index

Z

zeal 46, 76 perfection of 65 practice of 72, 73 Zen (see alsoChan) xxvii, 67, 87, 90 nonverbal transmission in 67 Søtø school 86 Zhaolun 86 Zhenjie 30 zhi. See cessation; Ωamatha zhiguan. Seecessation and clear observation Zhixu xxvi Zhiyi 89

Zixuan 31, 42 Zokuzøkyø 84, 85, 87, 88 Zongmi xxvii, 85 114