6. Analysis of Dependent Origination (VB6)

1. Analysis According to the Discourses

Because of ignorance activities arise; because of activities consciousness arises; because of consciousness mind and matter arise; because of mind and matter six bases arise; because of six bases contact arises; because of contact feeling arises; because of feeling craving arises; because of craving attachment arises; because of attachment becoming arises; because of becoming birth arises; because of birth ageing-death-sorrow-lamentation-pain (physical)-mental pain-despair arise. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering.

Therein what is ignorance? Absence of knowledge of suffering, absence of knowledge of the cause of suffering, absence of knowledge of the cessation of suffering, absence of knowledge of the way leading to the cessation of suffering. This is called ignorance.

Therein what is “because of ignorance activities arise”? Activity producing good (resultant), activity producing bad (resultant), activity producing unshakeable (resultant), bodily activity, verbal activity, mental activity.

Therein what is activity producing good (resultant)? Good volition characteristic of the plane of desire, characteristic of the plane of form, occasioned by giving, occasioned by morality, occasioned by meditation. This is called activity producing good (resultant).

Therein what is activity producing bad (resultant)? Bad volition characteristic of the plane of desire. This is called activity producing bad (resultant).

Therein what is activity producing unshakeable (resultant)? Good volition characteristic of the formless plane. This is called activity producing unshakeable (resultant).

Therein what is bodily activity? Bodily volition is bodily activity; verbal volition is verbal activity; mental volition is mental activity. These are called “because of ignorance activities arise”.

Therein what is “because of activities consciousness arises”? Eye consciousness, ear consciousness, nose consciousness, tongue consciousness, body consciousness, mind consciousness. This is called “because of activities consciousness arises”.

Therein what is “because of consciousness mind and matter arise”? There is mind; there is matter. Therein what is mind? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called mind. Therein what is matter? The four great essentials and the material qualities derived from the four great essentials. This is called matter. Thus is this mind and this matter. This is called “because of consciousness mind and matter arise”.

Therein what is “because of mind and matter six bases arise”? Eye base, ear base, nose base, tongue base, body base, mind base. This is called “because of mind and matter six bases arise”.

Therein what is “because of six bases contact arises”? Eye contact, ear contact, nose contact, tongue contact, body contact, mind contact. This is called “because of six bases contact arises”.

Therein what is “because of contact feeling arises”? Feeling born of eye contact, feeling born of ear contact, feeling born of nose contact, feeling born of tongue contact, feeling born of body contact, feeling born of mind contact. This is called “because of contact feeling arises”.

Therein what is “because of feeling craving arises”? Craving for visible (objects), craving for audible (objects), craving for odorous (objects), craving for sapid (objects), craving for tangible (objects), craving for ideational (objects). This is called “because of feeling craving arises”.

Therein what is “because of craving attachment arises”? The attachment of desire, the attachment of wrong view, the | attachment of (wrong) habits and practices, the attachment of soul-theory. This is called “because of craving attachment arises”.

Therein what is “because of attachment becoming arises”? Becoming by way of twofold division: Is action-becoming; is resultant-becoming. Therein what is action-becoming? Activity producing good (resultant), activity producing bad (resultant), activity producing unshakeable (resultant). This is called action-becoming. Also all action leading to becoming is action-becoming.

Therein what is resultant-becoming? Becoming (in the plane of) desire, becoming (in the plane of) form, becoming (in the) formless (plane), perception-becoming, non-perception-becoming, neither perception nor non-perception-becoming, single aggregate becoming, four aggregate becoming, five aggregate becoming. This is called resultant-becoming. This is called “because of attachment becoming arises”.

Therein what is “because of becoming birth arises”? That which for this or that being in this or that category of beings is birth, genesis, entry, full existence, the appearance of the aggregates, the acquiring of the bases. This is called “because of becoming birth arises”.

Therein what is “because of birth ageing and death arise”? There is ageing; there is death. Therein what is ageing? That which for this or that being in this or that category of beings is ageing, decrepitude, broken teeth, grey hair, wrinkled skin, the dwindling of life, decay of the controlling faculties. This is called ageing.

Therein what is death? That which for this or that being from this or that category of beings is decease, passing away, breaking up, disappearance, dying, death, the completion of the life-span, the breaking up of the aggregates, the laying down of the body, the destruction of the controlling faculty of vital principle. This is called death. Thus is this ageing and this death. This is called “because of birth ageing and death arise”.

Therein what is sorrow? (That which) To one afflicted by misfortune through relatives or to one afflicted by misfortune through wealth or to one afflicted by misfortune through disease | or to one afflicted by misfortune through (corrupted) morality or to one afflicted by misfortune through wrong view or to one possessed of one misfortune or another or to one afflicted by one painful thing or another is sorrow, being sorry, the state of being sorry, inner sorrow, deep sorrow, burning of the mind, mental pain, the arrow of sorrow. This is called sorrow.

Therein what is lamentation? (That which) To one afflicted by misfortune through relatives or to one afflicted by misfortune through wealth or to one afflicted by misfortune through disease or to one afflicted by misfortune through (corrupted) morality or to one afflicted by misfortune through wrong view or to one possessed of one misfortune or another or to one afflicted by one painful thing or another is crying, lamentation, the act of crying, the act of lamentation, the state of crying, the state of lamentation, (sorrowful) talk, senseless talk, wailing, sorrowful murmuring, the act of sorrowful murmuring, the state of sorrowful murmuring. This is called lamentation.

Therein what is pain? That which is bodily uneasiness, bodily pain, uneasy painful experience born of bodily contact, uneasy painful feeling born of bodily contact. This is called pain.

Therein what is mental pain? That which is mental uneasiness, mental pain, uneasy painful experience born of mental contact, uneasy painful feeling born of mental contact. This is called mental pain.

Therein what is despair? (That which) To one afflicted by misfortune through relatives or to one afflicted by misfortune through wealth or to one afflicted by misfortune through disease or to one afflicted by misfortune through (corrupted) morality or to one afflicted by misfortune through wrong view or to one possessed of one misfortune or another or to one afflicted by one painful thing or another is despondency, despair, the state of despondency, the state of despair. This is called despair.

“Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering” means: Thus is the combination, the assemblage, the collocation, the | appearance of this whole mass of suffering. Therefore this is called “thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering”.

(Here Ends) Analysis According to the Discourses

2. Analysis According to Abhidhamma

1. Causal Tetrad

Because of ignorance there is activity; because of activity there is consciousness; because of consciousness there is mind; because of mind there is the sixth base; because of the sixth base there is contact; because of contact there is feeling; because of feeling there is craving; because of craving there is attachment; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering. (1)

Because of ignorance there is activity; because of activity there is consciousness; because of consciousness there is mind; because of mind there is contact; because of contact there is feeling; because of feeling there is craving; because of craving there is attachment; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering. (2)

Because of ignorance there is activity; because of activity there is consciousness; because of consciousness there is mind and matter; because of mind and matter there is the sixth base; because of the sixth base there is contact; because of contact there is feeling; because of feeling there is craving; because of craving there is attachment; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering. (3)

Because of ignorance there is activity; because of activity there is consciousness; because of consciousness there is mind and matter; because of mind and matter there are six bases; because of the sixth base there is contact; because of contact there is feeling; because of feeling there is craving; because of craving there is attachment; because of attachment there is becoming; because of | becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering. (4)

(Here Ends) Causal Tetrad

2. Root Tetrad

Because of ignorance there is activity rooted in ignorance; because of activity there is consciousness rooted in activity; because of consciousness there is mind rooted in consciousness; because of mind there is the sixth base rooted in mind; because of the sixth base there is contact rooted in the sixth base; because of contact there is feeling rooted in contact; because of feeling there is craving rooted in feeling; because of craving there is attachment rooted in craving; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering. (1) (5)

Because of ignorance there is activity rooted in ignorance; because of activity there is consciousness rooted in activity; because of consciousness there is mind rooted in consciousness; because of mind there is contact rooted in mind; because of contact there is feeling rooted in contact; because of feeling there is craving rooted in feeling; because of craving there is attachment rooted in craving; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering. (2) (6)

Because of ignorance there is activity rooted in ignorance; because of activity there is consciousness rooted in activity; because of consciousness there is mind and matter rooted in consciousness; because of mind and matter there is the sixth base rooted in mind and matter; because of the sixth base there is contact rooted in the sixth base; because of contact there is feeling rooted in contact; because of feeling there is craving rooted in feeling; because of craving there is attachment rooted in craving; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering. (3) (7)

Because of ignorance there is activity rooted in ignorance; | because of activity there is consciousness rooted in activity; because of consciousness there is mind and matter rooted in consciousness; because of mind and matter there are six bases rooted in mind and matter; because of the sixth base there is contact rooted in the sixth base; because of contact there is feeling rooted in contact; because of feeling there is craving rooted in feeling; because of craving there is attachment rooted in craving; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering. (4) (8)

(Here Ends) Root Tetrad

3. Association Tetrad

Because of ignorance there is activity associated with ignorance; because of activity there is consciousness associated with activity; because of consciousness there is mind associated with consciousness; because of mind there is the sixth base associated with mind; because of the sixth base there is contact associated with the sixth base; because of contact there is feeling associated with contact; because of feeling there is craving associated with feeling; because of craving there is attachment associated with craving; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering. (1) (9)

Because of ignorance there is activity associated with ignorance; because of activity there is consciousness associated with activity; because of consciousness there is mind associated with consciousness; because of mind there is contact associated with mind; because of contact there is feeling associated with contact; because of feeling there is craving associated with feeling; because of craving there is attachment associated with craving; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering. (2) (10)

Because of ignorance there is activity associated with ignorance; because of activity there is consciousness associated with activity; because of consciousness there is mind and matter, mind associated with consciousness; because of mind and matter there | is the sixth base associated with mind and matter; because of the sixth base there is contact associated with the sixth base; because of contact there is feeling associated with contact; because of feeling there is craving associated with feeling; because of craving there is attachment associated with craving; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering. (3) (11)

Because of ignorance there is activity associated with ignorance; because of activity there is consciousness associated with activity; because of consciousness there is mind and matter, mind associated with consciousness; because of mind and matter there are six bases, the sixth base associated with mind; because of the sixth base there is contact associated with the sixth base; because of contact there is feeling associated with contact; because of feeling there is craving associated with feeling; because of craving there is attachment associated with craving; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering. (4) (12)

(Here Ends) Association Tetrad

4. Reciprocity Tetrad

Because of ignorance there is activity; also because of activity there is ignorance. Because of activity there is consciousness; also because of consciousness there is activity. Because of consciousness there is mind; also because of mind there is consciousness. Because of mind there is the sixth base; also because of the sixth base there is mind. Because of the sixth base there is contact; also because of contact there is the sixth base. Because of contact there is feeling; also because of feeling there is contact. Because of feeling there is craving; also because of craving there is feeling. Because of craving there is attachment; also because of attachment there is craving. Because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering. (1) (13)

Because of ignorance there is activity; also because of activity there is ignorance. Because of activity there is consciousness; | also because of consciousness there is activity. Because of consciousness there is mind; also because of mind there is consciousness. Because of mind there is contact; also because of contact there is mind. Because of contact there is feeling; also because of feeling there is contact. Because of feeling there is craving; also because of craving there is feeling. Because of craving there is attachment; also because of attachment there is craving. Because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering. (2) (14)

Because of ignorance there is activity; also because of activity there is ignorance. Because of activity there is consciousness; also because of consciousness there is activity. Because of consciousness there is mind and matter; also because of mind and matter there is consciousness. Because of mind and matter there is the sixth base; also because of the sixth base there is mind and matter. Because of the sixth base there is contact; also because of contact there is the sixth base. Because of contact there is feeling; also because of feeling there is contact. Because of feeling there is craving; also because of craving there is feeling. Because of craving there is attachment; also because of attachment there is craving. Because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering. (3) (15)

Because of ignorance there is activity; also because of activity there is ignorance. Because of activity there is consciousness; also because of consciousness there is activity. Because of consciousness there is mind and matter; also because of mind and matter there is consciousness. Because of mind and matter there are six bases; also because of the sixth base there is mind and matter. Because of the sixth base there is contact; also because of contact there is the sixth base. Because of contact there is feeling; also because of feeling there is contact. Because of feeling there is craving; also because of craving there is feeling. Because of craving there is attachment; also because of attachment there is craving. Because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering. (4) (16)

(Here Ends) Reciprocity Tetrad

Summary

Because of activity there is ignorance; * because of consciousness there is ignorance;* because of mind there is ignorance;* because of the sixth base there is ignorance;* because of contact there is ignorance;* because of feeling there is ignorance;* because of craving there is ignorance;* because of attachment there is ignorance;* because of ignorance there is activity; because of activity there is consciousness; because of consciousness there is mind; because of mind there is the sixth base; because of the sixth base there is contact; because of contact there is feeling; because of feeling there is craving; because of craving there is attachment; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering.

* See paragraphs 243–246 inclusive.

(Here Ends) Summary

5. Causal Tetrad

What states are bad? At the time when bad consciousness arises accompanied by mental pleasure, associated with wrong view, having visible object, audible object, odorous object, sapid object, tangible object, ideational object or is concerned with whatever (object); at that time because of ignorance there is activity; because of activity there is consciousness; because of consciousness there is mind; because of mind there is the sixth base; because of the sixth base there is contact; because of contact there is feeling; because of feeling there is craving; because of craving there is attachment; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering.

Therein what is ignorance? That which is absence of knowledge, absence of vision,* barrier of ignorance, the bad root of dullness. This is called ignorance.

* See paragraph 180.

Therein what is “because of ignorance there is activity”? That which is volition, being volitional, state of being volitional. This is called “because of ignorance there is activity”.

Therein what is “because of activity there is consciousness”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation, heart, lucence, mind, mind base, controlling faculty of mind, consciousness, the aggregate of consciousness; and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of activity there is consciousness”.

Therein what is “because of consciousness there is mind”? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called “because of consciousness there is mind”.

Therein what is “because of mind there is the sixth base”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation, heart, lucence, mind, mind base, controlling faculty of mind, consciousness, the aggregate of consciousness; and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of mind there is the sixth base”.

Therein what is “because of the sixth base there is contact”? That which is contact, contacting, act of contacting, state of contacting. This is called “because of the sixth base there is contact”.

Therein what is “because of contact there is feeling”? That which is mental ease, mental pleasure, easeful pleasant experience born of mental contact, easeful pleasant feeling born of mental contact. This is called “because of contact there is feeling”.

Therein what is “because of feeling there is craving”? That which is lusting, infatuation, seduction, compliance, passion, passionate lust, infatuation of consciousness. This is called “because of feeling there is craving”.

Therein what is “because of craving there is attachment”? That which is wrong view, resorting to wrong view, jungle of wrong view, wilderness of wrong view, distortion of wrong view, vacillation of wrong view, fetter of wrong view, grip, fixity, conviction, perversion, evil path, false pathway, falseness, base of heresy, inverted grip. This is called “because of craving there is attachment”.

Therein what is “because of attachment there is becoming”? With the exception of attachment (it is) the aggregate of feeling, | aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants, aggregate of consciousness. This is called “because of attachment there is becoming”.

Therein what is “because of becoming there is birth”? That which for this or that state is birth, genesis, existence, full existence, appearance. This is called “because of becoming there is birth”.

Therein what is “because of birth there is ageing and death”? There is ageing; there is death. Therein what is ageing? That which for this or that state is ageing, decrepitude, the dwindling of life. This is called ageing. Therein what is death? That which for this or that state is destruction, decay, breaking up, disintegration, impermanence, disappearance. This is called death. Thus is this ageing and this death. This is called “because of birth there is ageing and death”.

“Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering” means: Thus is the combination, the assemblage, the collocation, the appearance of this whole mass of suffering. Therefore this is called “thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering”. (1)

… At that time because of ignorance there is activity; because of activity there is consciousness; because of consciousness there is mind; because of mind there is contact; because of contact there is feeling; because of feeling there is craving; because of craving there is attachment; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering.

Therein what is ignorance? That which is absence of knowledge, absence of vision,* barrier of ignorance, the bad root of dullness. This is called ignorance.

* See paragraph 180.

Therein what is “because of ignorance there is activity”? That which is volition, being volitional, state of being volitional. This is called “because of ignorance there is activity”.

Therein what is “because of activity there is consciousness”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of activity there is consciousness”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “because of consciousness there is mind”? | The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called “because of consciousness there is mind”.

“Because of mind there is contact”, therein what is mind? With the exception of contact (it is) the aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants, aggregate of consciousness. This is called mind.

Therein what is “because of mind there is contact”? That which is contact, contacting, act of contacting, state of contacting. This is called “because of mind there is contact”.* Therefore this is called “thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering”. (2)

* See paragraph 249.

… At that time because of ignorance there is activity; because of activity there is consciousness; because of consciousness there is mind and matter; because of mind and matter there is the sixth base; because of the sixth base there is contact; because of contact there is feeling; because of feeling there is craving; because of craving there is attachment; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering.

Therein what is ignorance? That which is absence of knowledge, absence of vision,* barrier of ignorance, the bad root of dullness. This is called ignorance.

* See paragraph 180.

Therein what is “because of ignorance there is activity”? That which is volition, being volitional, state of being volitional. This is called “because of ignorance there is activity”.

Therein what is “because of activity there is consciousness”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of activity there is consciousness”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “because of consciousness there is mind and matter”? There is mind; there is matter. Therein what is mind? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called mind. Therein what is matter? The initial arising of eye base; initial arising of ear base; initial arising of nose base; initial arising of tongue base; initial arising of | body base; or whatever other material quality there is born of consciousness, caused by consciousness, generated by consciousness. This is called matter. Thus is this mind and this matter. This is called “because of consciousness there is mind and matter”.

“Because of mind there is the sixth base”; there is mind; there is matter. Therein what is mind? The aggregate of feeling; aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called mind. Therein what is matter? That material quality depending on which mind-consciousness-element exists. This is called matter. Thus is this mind and this matter. This is called mind and matter.

Therein what is “because of mind and matter there is the sixth base”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of mind and matter there is the sixth base”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “because of the sixth base there is contact”? That which is contact, contacting, act of contacting, state of contacting. This is called “because of the sixth base there is contact”.* Therefore this is called “thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering”. (3)

* See paragraph 249.

… At that time because of ignorance there is activity; because of activity there is consciousness; because of consciousness there is mind and matter; because of mind and matter there are six bases; because of the sixth base there is contact; because of contact there is feeling; because of feeling there is craving; because of craving there is attachment; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering.

Therein what is ignorance? That which is absence of knowledge, absence of vision,* barrier of ignorance, the bad root of dullness. This is called ignorance.

* See paragraph 180.

Therein what is “because of ignorance there is activity”? That which is volition, being volitional, state of being volitional. This is called “because of ignorance there is activity”

Therein what is “because of activity there is consciousness”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of activity there is consciousness”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “because of consciousness there is mind and matter”? There is mind; there is matter. Therein what is mind? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called mind. Therein what is matter? The initial arising of eye base; initial arising of ear base; initial arising of nose base; initial arising of tongue base; initial arising of body base; or whatever other material quality there is born of consciousness, caused by consciousness, generated by consciousness. This is called matter. Thus is this mind and this matter. This is called “because of consciousness there is mind and matter”.

“Because of mind and matter there are six bases”; there is mind; there is matter. Therein what is mind? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called mind. Therein what is matter? The four great essentials and that material quality depending on which mind-consciousness-element exists. This is called matter. Thus is this mind and this matter. This is called mind and matter.

Therein what is “because of mind and matter there are six bases”? Eye base, ear base, nose base, tongue base, body base, mind base. This is called “because of mind and matter there are six bases”.

Therein what is “because of the sixth base there is contact”? That which is contact, contacting, act of contacting, state of contacting. This is called “because of the sixth base there is contact”.* Therefore this is called “thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering”. (4)

* See paragraph 249.

(Here Ends) Causal Tetrad

6. Root Tetrad

… At that time because of ignorance there is activity rooted in ignorance; because of activity there is consciousness rooted in | activity; because of consciousness there is mind rooted in consciousness; because of mind there is the sixth base rooted in mind; because of the sixth base there is contact rooted in the sixth base; because of contact there is feeling rooted in contact; because of feeling there is craving rooted in feeling; because of craving there is attachment rooted in craving; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering.

Therein what is ignorance? That which is absence of knowledge, absence of vision,* barrier of ignorance, the bad root of dullness. This is called ignorance.

* See paragraph 180.

Therein what is “because of ignorance there is activity rooted in ignorance”? That which is volition, being volitional, state of being volitional. This is called “because of ignorance there is activity rooted in ignorance”.

Therein what is “because of activity there is consciousness rooted in activity”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of activity there is consciousness rooted in activity”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “because of consciousness there is mind rooted in consciousness”? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called “because of consciousness there is mind rooted in consciousness”.

Therein what is “because of mind there is the sixth base rooted in mind”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of mind there is the sixth base rooted in mind”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “because of the sixth base there is contact rooted in the sixth base”? That which is contact, contacting, act of contacting, state of contacting. This is called “because of the sixth base there is contact rooted in the sixth base”.

Therein what is “because of contact there is feeling rooted in contact”? That which is mental ease, mental pleasure, easeful pleasant experience born of mental contact, easeful pleasant feeling born of mental contact. This is called “because of contact there is feeling rooted in contact”.

Therein what is “because of feeling there is craving rooted in feeling”? That which is lusting, infatuation,* infatuation of consciousness. This is called “because of feeling there is craving rooted in feeling”.

* See paragraph 249.

Therein what is “because of craving there is attachment rooted in craving”? That which is wrong view, resorting to wrong view,* base of heresy, inverted grip. This is called “because of craving there is attachment rooted in craving”.* Therefore this is called “thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering”. (1) (5)

* See paragraph 249.

… At that time because of ignorance there is activity rooted in ignorance; because of activity there is consciousness rooted in activity; because of consciousness there is mind rooted in consciousness; because of mind there is contact rooted in mind; because of contact there is feeling rooted in contact; because of feeling there is craving rooted in feeling; because of craving there is attachment rooted in craving; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering.

Therein what is ignorance? That which is absence of knowledge, absence of vision,* barrier of ignorance, the bad root of dullness. This is called ignorance.

* See paragraph 180.

Therein what is “because of ignorance there is activity rooted in ignorance”? That which is volition, being volitional, state of being volitional. This is called “because of ignorance there is activity rooted in ignorance”.

Therein what is “because of activity there is consciousness rooted in activity”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation, |* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of activity there is consciousness rooted in activity”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “because of consciousness there is mind rooted in consciousness”? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called “because of consciousness there is mind rooted in consciousness”.

“Because of mind there is contact rooted in mind”, therein what is mind? With the exception of contact (it is) the aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants, aggregate of consciousness. This is called mind.

Therein what is “because of mind there is contact rooted in mind”? That which is contact, contacting, act of contacting, state of contacting. This is called “because of mind there is contact rooted in mind”.* Therefore this is called “thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering”. (2) (6)

* See paragraph 249.

… At that time because of ignorance there is activity rooted in ignorance; because of activity there is consciousness rooted in activity; because of consciousness there is mind and matter rooted in consciousness; because of mind and matter there is the sixth base rooted in mind and matter; because of the sixth base there is contact rooted in the sixth base; because of contact there is feeling rooted in contact; because of feeling there is craving rooted in feeling; because of craving there is attachment rooted in craving; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering.

Therein what is ignorance? That which is absence of knowledge, absence of vision,* barrier of ignorance, the bad root of dullness. This is called ignorance.

* See paragraph 180.

Therein what is “because of ignorance there is activity rooted in ignorance”? That which is volition, being volitional, state of being volitional. This is called “because of ignorance there is activity rooted in ignorance”.

Therein what is “because of activity there is consciousness rooted in activity”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of activity there is consciousness rooted in activity”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “because of consciousness there is mind and matter rooted in consciousness”? There is mind; there is matter. Therein what is mind? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called mind. Therein what is matter? The initial arising of eye base; initial arising of ear base; initial arising of nose base; initial arising of tongue base; initial arising of body base; or whatever other material quality there is born of consciousness, caused by consciousness, generated by consciousness. This is called matter. Thus is this mind and this matter. This is called “because of consciousness there is mind and matter rooted in consciousness”.

“Because of mind and matter there is the sixth base rooted in mind and matter”, there is mind; there is matter. Therein what is mind? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called mind. Therein what is matter? That material quality depending on which mind-consciousness-element exists. This is called matter. Thus is this mind and this matter. This is called mind and matter.

Therein what is “because of mind and matter there is the sixth base rooted in mind and matter”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of mind and matter there is the sixth base rooted in mind and matter”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “because of the sixth base there is contact rooted in the sixth base”? That which is contact, contacting, act of contacting, state of contacting. This is called “because of the sixth base there is contact rooted in the sixth base”.* Therefore this is called “thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering”. (3) (7)

* See paragraph 249.

… At that time because of ignorance there is activity rooted in ignorance; because of activity there is consciousness rooted in | activity; because of consciousness there is mind and matter rooted in consciousness; because of mind and matter there are six bases rooted in mind and matter; because of the sixth base there is contact rooted in the sixth base; because of contact there is feeling rooted in contact; because of feeling there is craving rooted in feeling; because of craving there is attachment rooted in craving; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering.

Therein what is ignorance? That which is absence of knowledge, absence of vision,* barrier of ignorance, the bad root of dullness. This is called ignorance.

* See paragraph 180.

Therein what is “because of ignorance there is activity rooted in ignorance”? That which is volition, being volitional, state of being volitional. This is called “because of ignorance there is activity rooted in ignorance”.

Therein what is “because of activity there is consciousness rooted in activity”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of activity there is consciousness rooted in activity”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “because of consciousness there is mind and matter rooted in consciousness”? There is mind; there is matter. Therein what is mind? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called mind. Therein what is matter? The initial arising of eye base; initial arising of ear base; initial arising of nose base; initial arising of tongue base; initial arising of body base; or whatever other material quality there is born of consciousness, caused by consciousness, generated by consciousness. This is called matter. Thus is this mind and this matter. This is called “because of consciousness there is mind and matter rooted in consciousness”.

“Because of mind and matter there are six bases rooted in mind and matter”, there is mind; there is matter. Therein what is mind? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called mind. Therein what is matter? | The four great essentials and that material quality depending on which mind-consciousness-element exists. This is called matter. Thus is this mind and this matter. This is called mind and matter.

Therein what is “because of mind and matter there are six bases rooted in mind and matter”? Eye base, ear base, nose base, tongue base, body base, mind base. This is called “because of mind and matter there are six bases rooted in mind and matter”.

Therein what is “because of the sixth base there is contact rooted in the sixth base”? That which is contact, contacting, act of contacting, state of contacting. This is called “because of the sixth base there is contact rooted in the sixth base”.

Therein what is “because of contact there is feeling rooted in contact”? That which is mental ease, mental pleasure, easeful pleasant experience born of mental contact, easeful pleasant feeling born of mental contact. This is called “because of contact there is feeling rooted in contact”.

Therein what is “because of feeling there is craving rooted in feeling”? That which is lusting, infatuation,* infatuation of consciousness. This is called “because of feeling there is craving rooted in feeling”.

* See paragraph 249.

Therein what is “because of craving there is attachment rooted in craving”? That which is wrong view, resorting to wrong view,* base of heresy, inverted grip. This is called “because of craving there is attachment rooted in craving”.* Therefore this is called “thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering”. (4) (8)

* See paragraph 249.

(Here Ends) Root Tetrad

7. Association Tetrad

… At that time because of ignorance there is activity associated with ignorance; because of activity there is consciousness associated with activity; because of consciousness there is mind associated with consciousness; because of mind there is the sixth base associated with mind; because of the sixth base there is | contact associated with the sixth base; because of contact there is feeling associated with contact; because of feeling there is craving associated with feeling; because of craving there is attachment associated with craving; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering.

Therein what is ignorance? That which is absence of knowledge, absence of vision,* barrier of ignorance, the bad root of dullness. This is called ignorance.

* See paragraph 180.

Therein what is “because of ignorance there is activity associated with ignorance”? That which is volition, being volitional, state of being volitional. This is called “because of ignorance there is activity associated with ignorance”.

Therein what is “because of activity there is consciousness associated with activity”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of activity there is consciousness associated with activity”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “because of consciousness there is mind associated with consciousness”? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called “because of consciousness there is mind associated with consciousness”.

Therein what is “because of mind there is the sixth base associated with mind”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of mind there is the sixth base associated with mind”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “because of the sixth base there is contact associated with the sixth base”? That which is contact, contacting, act of contacting, state of contacting. This is called “because of the sixth base there is contact associated with the sixth base”.

Therein what is “because of contact there is feeling associated with contact”? That which is mental ease, mental pleasure, | easeful pleasant experience born of mental contact, easeful pleasant feeling born of mental contact. This is called “because of contact there is feeling associated with contact”.

Therein what is “because of feeling there is craving associated with feeling”? That which is lusting, infatuation,* infatuation of consciousness. This is called “because of feeling there is craving associated with feeling”.

* See paragraph 249.

Therein what is “because of craving there is attachment associated with craving”? That which is wrong view, resorting to wrong view,* base of heresy, inverted grip. This is called “because of craving there is attachment associated with craving”.* Therefore this is called “thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering”. (1) (9)

* See paragraph 249.

… At that time because of ignorance there is activity associated with ignorance; because of activity there is consciousness associated with activity; because of consciousness there is mind associated with consciousness; because of mind there is contact associated with mind; because of contact there is feeling associated with contact; because of feeling there is craving associated with feeling; because of craving there is attachment associated with craving; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering.

Therein what is ignorance? That which is absence of knowledge, absence of vision,* barrier of ignorance, the bad root of dullness. This is called ignorance.

* See paragraph 180.

Therein what is “because of ignorance there is activity associated with ignorance”? That which is volition, being volitional, state of being volitional. This is called “because of ignorance there is activity associated with ignorance”.

Therein what is “because of activity there is consciousness associated with activity”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-| element. This is called “because of activity there is consciousness associated with activity”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “because of consciousness there is mind associated with consciousness”? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called “because of consciousness there is mind associated with consciousness”.

“Because of mind there is contact associated with mind”, therein what is mind? With the exception of contact (it is) the aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants, aggregate of consciousness. This is called mind.

Therein what is “because of mind there is contact associated with mind”? That which is contact, contacting, act of contacting, state of contacting. This is called “because of mind there is contact associated with mind”.* Therefore this is called “thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering”. (2) (10)

* See paragraph 249.

… At that time because of ignorance there is activity associated with ignorance; because of activity there is consciousness associated with activity; because of consciousness there is mind and matter, mind associated with consciousness; because of mind and matter there is the sixth base associated with mind; because of the sixth base there is contact associated with the sixth base; because of contact there is feeling associated with contact; because of feeling there is craving associated with feeling; because of craving there is attachment associated with craving; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering.

Therein what is ignorance? That which is absence of knowledge, absence of vision,* barrier of ignorance, the bad root of dullness. This is called ignorance.

* See paragraph 180.

Therein what is “because of ignorance there is activity associated with ignorance”? That which is volition, being | volitional, state of being volitional. This is called “because of ignorance there is activity associated with ignorance”.

Therein what is “because of activity there is consciousness associated with activity”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of activity there is consciousness associated with activity”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “because of consciousness there is mind and matter, mind associated with consciousness”? There is mind; there is matter. Therein what is mind? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called mind. Therein what is matter? The initial arising of eye base; initial arising of ear base; initial arising of nose base; initial arising of tongue base; initial arising of body base; or whatever other material quality there is born of consciousness, caused by consciousness, generated by consciousness. This is called matter. Thus is this mind and this matter. This is called “because of consciousness there is mind and matter, mind associated with consciousness”.

“Because of mind and matter there is the sixth base associated with mind”, there is mind; there is matter. Therein what is mind? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called mind. Therein what is matter? That material quality depending on which mind-consciousness-element exists. This is called matter. Thus is this mind and this matter. This is called mind and matter.

Therein what is “because of mind and matter there is the sixth base associated with mind”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of mind and matter there is the sixth base associated with mind”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “because of the sixth base there is contact associated with the sixth base”? That which is contact, contacting, act of contacting, state of contacting. This is called “because of the sixth base there is contact associated with the sixth base”.* Therefore this is called “thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering”. (3) (11)

* See paragraph 249.

… At that time because of ignorance there is activity associated with ignorance; because of activity there is consciousness associated with activity; because of consciousness there is mind and matter, mind associated with consciousness; because of mind and matter there are six bases, the sixth base associated with mind; because of the sixth base there is contact associated with the sixth base; because of contact there is feeling associated with contact; because of feeling there is craving associated with feeling; because of craving there is attachment associated with craving; because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering.

Therein what is ignorance? That which is absence of knowledge, absence of vision,* barrier of ignorance, the bad root of dullness. This is called ignorance.

* See paragraph 180.

Therein what is “because of ignorance there is activity associated with ignorance”? That which is volition, being volitional, state of being volitional. This is called “because of ignorance there is activity associated with ignorance”.

Therein what is “because of activity there is consciousness associated with activity”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of activity there is consciousness associated with activity”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “because of consciousness there is mind and matter, mind associated with consciousness”? There is mind; there is matter. Therein what is mind? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception; aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called mind. Therein what is matter? The initial arising of eye base; initial arising of ear base; initial arising of nose base; initial arising of tongue base; initial arising of body base; or whatever other material quality there is born of consciousness, caused by consciousness, generated by consciousness. This is called matter. Thus is this mind and this matter. This is called “because of consciousness there is mind and matter, mind associated with consciousness”.

“Because of mind and matter there are six bases, the sixth base associated with mind”, there is mind; there is matter. Therein what is mind? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called mind. Therein what is matter? The four great essentials and that material quality depending on which mind-consciousness-element exists. This is called matter. Thus is this mind and this matter. This is called mind and matter.

Therein what is “because of mind and matter there are six bases, the sixth base associated with mind”? Eye base, ear base, nose base, tongue base, body base, mind base. This is called “because of mind and matter there are six bases, the sixth base associated with mind”.

Therein what is “because of the sixth base there is contact associated with the sixth base”? That which is contact, contacting, act of contacting, state of contacting. This is called “because of the sixth base there is contact associated with the sixth base”.* Therefore this is called “thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering”. (4) (12)

* See paragraph 249.

(Here Ends) Association Tetrad

8. Reciprocity Tetrad

… At that time because of ignorance there is activity; also because of activity there is ignorance. Because of activity there is consciousness; also because of consciousness there is activity. Because of consciousness there is mind; also because of mind there is consciousness. Because of mind there is the sixth base; also because of the sixth base there is mind. Because of the sixth base there is contact; also because of contact there is the sixth base. Because of contact there is feeling; also because of feeling there is contact. Because of feeling there is craving; also because of craving there is feeling. Because of craving there is attachment; also because of attachment there is craving. Because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering.

Therein what is ignorance? That which is absence of knowledge, absence of vision,* barrier of ignorance, the bad root of dullness. This is called ignorance.

* See paragraph 180.

Therein what is “because of ignorance there is activity”? That which is volition, being volitional, state of being volitional. This is called “because of ignorance there is activity”.

Therein what is “also because of activity there is ignorance”? That which is absence of knowledge, absence of vision,* barrier of ignorance, the bad root of dullness. This is called “also because of activity there is ignorance”.

* See paragraph 180.

Therein what is “because of activity there is consciousness”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of activity there is consciousness”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “also because of consciousness there is activity”? That which is volition, being volitional, state of being volitional. This is called “also because of consciousness there is activity”.

Therein what is “because of consciousness there is mind”? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called “because of consciousness there is mind”.

Therein what is “also because of mind there is consciousness”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “also because of mind there is consciousness”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “because of mind there is the sixth base”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of mind there is the sixth base”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “also because of the sixth base there is mind”? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggre| gate of mental concomitants. This is called “also because of the sixth base there is mind”.

Therein what is “because of the sixth base there is contact”? That which is contact, contacting, act of contacting, state of contacting. This is called “because of the sixth base there is contact”.

Therein what is “also because of contact there is the sixth base”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “also because of contact there is the sixth base”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “because of contact there is feeling”? That which is mental ease, mental pleasure, easeful pleasant experience born of mental contact, easeful pleasant feeling born of mental contact. This is called “because of contact there is feeling”.

Therein what is “also because of feeling there is contact”? That which is contact, contacting, act of contacting, state of contacting. This is called “also because of feeling there is contact”.

Therein what is “because of feeling there is craving”? That which is lusting, infatuation,* infatuation of consciousness. This is called “because of feeling there is craving”.

* See paragraph 249.

Therein what is “also because of craving there is feeling”? That which is mental ease, mental pleasure, easeful pleasant experience born of mental contact, easeful pleasant feeling born of mental contact. This is called “also because of craving there is feeling”.

Therein what is “because of craving there is attachment”? That which is wrong view, resorting to wrong view,* base of heresy, inverted grip. This is called “because of craving there is attachment”.

* See paragraph 249.

Therein what is “also because of attachment there is craving”? That which is lusting,* infatuation of consciousness. This is called “also because of attachment there is craving”.

* See paragraph 249.

Therein what is “because of attachment there is becoming”? With the exception of attachment (it is) the aggregate of feeling, | aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants, aggregate of consciousness. This is called “because of attachment there is becoming”.

Therein what is “because of becoming there is birth”? That which for this or that state is birth, genesis, existence, full existence, appearance. This is called “because of becoming there is birth”.

Therein what is “because of birth there is ageing and death”? There is ageing; there is death. Therein what is ageing? That which for this or that state is ageing, decrepitude, the dwindling of life. This is called ageing. Therein what is death? That which for this or that state is destruction, decay, breaking up, disintegration, impermanence, disappearance. This is called death. Thus is this ageing and this death. This is called “because of birth there is ageing and death”.

“Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering” means: Thus is the combination, the assemblage, the collocation, the appearance of this whole mass of suffering. Therefore this is called “thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering”. (1) (13)

… At that time because of ignorance there is activity; also because of activity there is ignorance. Because of activity there is consciousness; also because of consciousness there is activity. Because of consciousness there is mind; also because of mind there is consciousness. Because of mind there is contact; also because of contact there is mind. Because of contact there is feeling; also because of feeling there is contact. Because of feeling there is craving; also because of craving there is feeling. Because of craving there is attachment; also because of attachment there is craving.

Because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering.

Therein what is ignorance? That which is absence of knowledge, absence of vision,* barrier of ignorance, the bad root of dullness. This is called ignorance.

* See paragraph 180.

Therein what is “because of ignorance there is activity”? That which is volition, being volitional, state of being volitional. This is called “because of ignorance there is activity”.

Therein what is “also because of activity there is ignorance”? That which is absence of knowledge, absence of vision,* barrier of ignorance, the bad root of dullness. This is called “also because of activity there is ignorance”.

* See paragraph 180.

Therein what is “because of activity there is consciousness”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of activity there is consciousness”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “also because of consciousness there is activity”? That which is volition, being volitional, state of being volitional. This is called “also because of consciousness there is activity”.

Therein what is “because of consciousness there is mind”? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called “because of consciousness there is mind”.

Therein what is “also because of mind there is consciousness”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “also because of mind there is consciousness”.

* See paragraph 184.

“Because of mind there is contact”, therein what is mind? With the exception of contact (it is) the aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants, aggregate of consciousness. This is called mind.

Therein what is “because of mind there is contact”? That which is contact, contacting, act of contacting, state of contacting. This is called “because of mind there is contact”.

Therein what is “also because of contact there is mind”? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants, aggregate of consciousness. This is called “also because of contact there is mind”.* Therefore this is called “thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering”. (2) (14)

* See paragraph 249.

… At that time because of ignorance there is activity; also because of activity there is ignorance. Because of activity there is | consciousness; also because of consciousness there is activity. Because of consciousness there is mind and matter; also because of mind and matter there is consciousness. Because of mind and matter there is the sixth base; also because of the sixth base there is mind and matter. Because of the sixth base there is contact; also because of contact there is the sixth base. Because of contact there is feeling; also because of feeling there is contact. Because of feeling there is craving; also because of craving there is feeling. Because of craving there is attachment; also because of attachment there is craving. Because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering.

Therein what is ignorance? That which is absence of knowledge, absence of vision,* barrier of ignorance, the bad root of dullness. This is called ignorance.

* See paragraph 180.

Therein what is “because of ignorance there is activity”? That which is volition, being volitional, state of being volitional. This is called “because of ignorance there is activity”.

Therein what is “also because of activity there is ignorance”? That which is absence of knowledge, absence of vision,* barrier of ignorance, the bad root of dullness. This is called “also because of activity there is ignorance”.

* See paragraph 180.

Therein what is “because of activity there is consciousness”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of activity there is consciousness”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “also because of consciousness there is activity”? That which is volition, being volitional, state of being volitional. This is called “also because of consciousness there is activity”.

Therein what is “because of consciousness there is mind and matter”? There is mind; there is matter. Therein what is mind? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called mind. Therein what is | matter? The initial arising of eye base; initial arising of ear base; initial arising of nose base; initial arising of tongue base; initial arising of body base; or whatever other material quality there is born of consciousness, caused by consciousness, generated by consciousness. This is called matter. Thus is this mind and this matter. This is called “because of consciousness there is mind and matter”.

“Also because of mind and matter there is consciousness”, there is mind; there is matter. Therein what is mind? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called mind. Therein what is matter? That material quality depending on which mind-consciousness-element exists. This is called matter. Thus is this mind and this matter. This is called mind and matter.

Therein what is “also because of mind and matter there is consciousness”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “also because of mind and matter there is consciousness”.

* See paragraph 184.

“Because of mind and matter there is the sixth base”, there is mind; there is matter. Therein what is mind? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called mind. Therein what is matter? That material quality depending on which mind-consciousness-element exists. This is called matter. Thus is this mind and this matter. This is called mind and matter.

Therein what is “because of mind and matter there is the sixth base”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of mind and matter there is the sixth base”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “also because of the sixth base there is mind and matter”? There is mind; there is matter. Therein what is mind? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called mind. Therein what is matter? The initial arising of eye base; initial arising of ear base; initial arising of nose base; initial arising of tongue base; initial | arising of body base; or whatever other material quality there is born of consciousness, caused by consciousness, generated by consciousness. This is called matter. Thus is this mind and this matter. This is called “also because of the sixth base there is mind and matter”.

Therein what is “because of the sixth base there is contact”? That which is contact, contacting, act of contacting, state of contacting. This is called “because of the sixth base there is contact”.

Therein what is “also because of contact there is the sixth base”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “also because of contact there is the sixth base”.*2 Therefore this is called “thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering”. (3) (15)

* See paragraph 184.
*2 See paragraph 249.

… At that time because of ignorance there is activity; also because of activity there is ignorance. Because of activity there is consciousness; also because of consciousness there is activity. Because of consciousness there is mind and matter; also because of mind and matter there is consciousness. Because of mind and matter there are six bases; also because of the sixth base there is mind and matter. Because of the sixth base there is contact; also because of contact there is the sixth base. Because of contact there is feeling; also because of feeling there is contact. Because of feeling there is craving; also because of craving there is feeling. Because of craving there is attachment; also because of attachment there is craving. Because of attachment there is becoming; because of becoming there is birth; because of birth there is ageing and death. Thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering.

Therein what is ignorance? That which is absence of knowledge, absence of vision,* barrier of ignorance, the bad root of dullness. This is called ignorance.

* See paragraph 180.

Therein what is “because of ignorance there is activity”? That which is volition, being volitional, state of being volitional. This is called “because of ignorance there is activity”.

Therein what is “also because of activity there is ignorance”? That which is absence of knowledge, absence of vision,* barrier | of ignorance, the bad root of dullness. This is called “also because of activity there is ignorance”.

* See paragraph 180.

Therein what is “because of activity there is consciousness”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “because of activity there is consciousness”.

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “also because of consciousness there is activity”? That which is volition, being volitional, state of being volitional. This is called “also because of consciousness there is activity”.

Therein what is “because of consciousness there is mind and matter”? There is mind; there is matter. Therein what is mind? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called mind. Therein what is matter? The initial arising of eye base; initial arising of ear base; initial arising of nose base; initial arising of tongue base; initial arising of body base; or whatever other material quality there is born of consciousness, caused by consciousness, generated by consciousness. This is called matter. Thus is this mind and this matter. This is called “because of consciousness there is mind and matter”.

“Also because of mind and matter there is consciousness”, there is mind; there is matter. Therein what is mind? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called mind. Therein what is matter? That material quality depending on which mind-consciousness-element exists. This is called matter. Thus is this mind and this matter. This is called mind and matter.

Therein what is “also because of mind and matter there is consciousness”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “also because of mind and matter there is consciousness”.

* See paragraph 184.

“Because of mind and matter there are six bases”, there is mind; there is matter. Therein what is mind? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called mind. Therein what is matter? The four great essentials and | that material quality depending on which mind-consciousness-element exists. This is called matter. Thus is this mind and this matter. This is called mind and matter.

Therein what is “because of mind and matter there are six bases”? Eye base, ear base, nose base, tongue base, body base, mind base. This is called “because of mind and matter there are six bases”.

Therein what is “also because of the sixth base there is mind and matter”? There is mind; there is matter. Therein what is mind? The aggregate of feeling, aggregate of perception, aggregate of mental concomitants. This is called mind. Therein what is matter? The initial arising of eye base; initial arising of ear base; initial arising of nose base; initial arising of tongue base; initial arising of body base; or whatever other material quality there is born of consciousness, caused by consciousness, generated by consciousness. This is called matter. Thus is this mind and this matter. This is called “also because of the sixth base there is mind and matter”.

Therein what is “because of the sixth base there is contact”? That which is contact, contacting, act of contacting, state of contacting. This is called “because of the sixth base there is contact”.

Therein what is “also because of contact there is the sixth base”? That which is consciousness, mind, ideation,* and, depending on the aforesaid, mind-consciousness-element. This is called “also because of contact there is the sixth base.”

* See paragraph 184.

Therein what is “because of contact there is feeling”? That which is mental ease, mental pleasure, easeful pleasant experience born of mental contact, easeful pleasant feeling born of mental contact. This is called “because of contact there is feeling”.* Therefore this is called “thus is the arising of this whole mass of suffering”. (4) (16)

* See paragraph 249.

(Here Ends) Reciprocity Tetrad