6. The Analysis of Conditional Origination (VB6)

1. The Section Derived from the Discourses

1.0. The Outline of Conditional Origination

With ignorance as condition there are (volitional) processes, with (volitional) processes as condition: consciousness, with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form, with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres, with the six sense spheres as condition: contact, with contact as condition: feeling, with feeling as condition: craving, with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, grief, lamentation, pain, sorrow and despair (all) arise, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

1.1. Definition of Ignorance

Herein, what is ‘ignorance?’

Not knowing suffering, not knowing the origination of suffering, not knowing the cessation of suffering, not knowing the path leading to the cessation of suffering.

This is called ‘ignorance’.

1.2. Definition of (Volitional) Processes

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there are (volitional) processes?’

(There is) a meritorious (volitional) process, a demeritorious (volitional) process, an imperturbable (volitional) process, a (volitional) process expressed by way of the body, a (volitional) process expressed by way of speech, a (volitional) process expressed by way of the mind.

Herein, what is a meritorious (volitional) process?

(There are) wholesome intentions in the sense-world sphere, in the form-world sphere, consisting of generosity, consisting of morality, consisting of meditation, this is said to be a meritorious (volitional) process.

Herein, what is a demeritorious (volitional) process?

(There are) unwholesome intentions in the sense-world sphere, this is said to be a demeritorious (volitional) process.

Herein, what is an imperturbable (volitional) process?

(There are) wholesome intentions in the formless-world sphere, this is said to be an imperturbable (volitional) process.

Herein, what is a (volitional) process expressed by way of the body?

(There is) an intention expressed by way of the body, a (volitional) process expressed by way of the body. (There is) an intention expressed by way of speech, a (volitional) process expressed by way of speech. (There is) an intention expressed by way of the mind, a (volitional) process expressed by way of the mind.

This is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there are (volitional) processes’.

1.3. Definition of Consciousness

Herein, what is ‘with (volitional) processes as condition: consciousness?’

(There is) eye-consciousness, ear-consciousness, nose-consciousness, tongue-consciousness, body-consciousness, mind-consciousness.

This is said to be ‘with (volitional) processes as condition: consciousness’.

1.4. Definition of Mind and Bodily Form

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form?’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent.

This is said to be ‘mind’.

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

(There are) the four great entities, and the bodily form attached to the four great entities, this is said to be ‘bodily form’.

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form’.

1.5. Definition of the Six Sense Spheres

Herein, what is ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres?’

(There is the) eye sense sphere, ear sense sphere, nose sense sphere, tongue sense sphere, body sense sphere, mind sense sphere.

This is said to be ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres’.

1.6. Definition of Contact

Herein, what is ‘with the six sense spheres as condition: contact?’

(There is) eye-contact, ear-contact, nose-contact, tongue-contact, body-contact, mind-contact.

This is said to be ‘with the six sense spheres as condition: contact’.

1.7. Definition of Feeling

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

(There is) feeling arising from eye-contact, feeling arising from ear-contact, feeling arising from nose-contact, feeling arising from tongue-contact, feeling arising from body-contact, feeling arising from mind-contact.

This is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling’.

1.8. Definition of Craving

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

(There is) craving for forms, craving for sounds, craving for smells, craving for tastes, craving for tangibles, craving for thoughts.

This is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving’.

1.9. Definition of Attachment

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment?’

(There is) attachment to sense pleasures, attachment to views, attachment to virtue and practice, attachment to self-theories.

This is said to be ‘with craving as condition: continuation’.

1.10. Definition of Continuation

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Continuation is two-fold: there is continuation through (intentional) deeds, there is continuation through rebirth.

Herein, what is ‘continuation through (intentional) deeds?’

(There is) a meritorious (volitional) process, a demeritorious (volitional) process, an imperturbable (volitional) process.

This is said to be ‘continuation through (intentional) deeds’.

All (intentional) deeds leading to continuation is continuation from (intentional) deeds.

Herein, what is ‘continuation through rebirth?’

(There is) continuation in the sense-world spheres, continuation in the form-world spheres, continuation in the formless-world spheres, continuation with perception, continuation without perception, continuation with neither-perception-nor-non-perception, continuation with one constituent, continuation with four constituents, continuation with five constituents.

This is said to be ‘continuation through rebirth’.

Thus, this is continuation through (intentional) deeds, this is continuation through rebirth.

This is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation’.

1.11. Definition of Birth

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

For the various beings in the various classes of beings (there is) birth, being born, appearing, arising, turning up, the manifestation of the constituents (of mind and bodily form), the acquisition of the sense spheres.

This is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth’.

1.12. Definition of Ageing and Death

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For the various beings in the various classes of beings (there is) broken teeth, greying hair, and wrinkled skin, the dwindling away of the life span, the decay of the sense faculties: this is said to be ‘ageing’.

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For the various beings in the various classes of beings there is a fall, a falling away, a breaking up, a disappearance, a dying, a death, a making of time, the break up of the constituents (of mind and bodily form), the throwing off of the body, a cutting off of the life-faculty: this is called ‘death’.

Thus, this is ageing and this is death.

This is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death’.

1.12.1. Definition of Grief

Herein, what is ‘Grief?’

To one touched by misfortune regarding relatives, to one touched by misfortune regarding wealth, to one touched by misfortune regarding health, to one touched by misfortune regarding (loss of) morality, to one touched by misfortune regarding his views, for he who has some sort of misfortune or other, who is touched by some sort of painful thing or another, there is grief, grieving, the state of grieving, inner grief, great inner grief, his mind is sorrowful, being pierced with the dart of grief.

This is said to be ‘grief’.

1.12.2. Definition of Lamentation

Herein, what is ‘lamentation?’

To one touched by misfortune regarding relatives, to one touched by misfortune regarding wealth, to one touched by misfortune regarding health, to one touched by misfortune regarding (loss of) morality, to one touched by misfortune regarding his views, for he who has some sort of misfortune or other, who is touched by some sort of painful thing or another, there are laments, great laments, lamenting, great lamenting, the state of lamenting, the state of great lamentation, words of wailing, great wailing, moaning, great moaning, the state of moaning.

This is said to be ‘lamentation’.

1.12.3. Definition of Pain

Herein, what is ‘pain?’

That which is bodily pain, bodily disagreeableness, pain arising from contact with the body, disagreeable feeling, pain and painful feeling that is born in the body.

This is said to be ‘pain’.

1.12.4. Definition of Sorrow

Herein, what is ‘sorrow?’

That which is mental pain, mental disagreeableness, pain arising from contact with the mind, disagreeable feeling, pain and painful feeling that is born in the mind.

This is said to be ‘sorrow’.

1.12.5. Definition of Despair

Herein, what is ‘despair?’

To one touched by misfortune regarding relatives, to one touched by misfortune regarding wealth, to one touched by misfortune regarding health, to one touched by misfortune regarding (loss of) morality, to one touched by misfortune regarding his views, for he who has some sort of misfortune or other, who is touched by some sort of painful thing or another, there is desponding, despairing, the state of despondency, the state of despair.

This is said to be ‘despair’.

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it: this is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering’

2. The Section Derived from the Abstract Teaching

2.1. The Conditions Tetrad

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, with consciousness as condition: mind, with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, with contact as condition: feeling, with feeling as condition: craving, with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, with consciousness as condition: mind, with mind as condition: contact, with contact as condition: feeling, with feeling as condition: craving, with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form, with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, with contact as condition: feeling, with feeling as condition: craving, with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form, with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, with contact as condition: feeling, with feeling as condition: craving, with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

The Conditions Tetrad

2.2. The Roots Tetrad

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process, with consciousness as condition: mind rooted in consciousness, with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere rooted in mind, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere, with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact, with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling, with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process, with consciousness as condition: mind rooted in consciousness, with mind as condition: contact rooted in mind, with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact, with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling, with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process, with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form rooted in consciousness, with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere rooted in mind and bodily form, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere, with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact, with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling, with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process, with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form rooted in consciousness, with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres rooted in mind and bodily form, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere, with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact, with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling, with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

The Roots Tetrad

2.3. The Associations Tetrad

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process associated with ignorance, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness associated with a (volitional) process, with consciousness as condition: mind associated with consciousness, with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere associated with mind, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact associated with the sixth sense sphere, with contact as condition: feeling associated with contact, with feeling as condition: craving associated with feeling, with craving as condition: attachment associated with craving, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process associated with ignorance, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness associated with a (volitional) process, with consciousness as condition: mind associated with consciousness, with mind as condition: contact associated with mind, with contact as condition: feeling associated with contact, with feeling as condition: craving associated with feeling, with craving as condition: attachment associated with craving, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process associated with ignorance, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness associated with a (volitional) process, with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form with mind (only) associated with consciousness, with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere associated with mind and bodily form, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact associated with the sixth sense sphere, with contact as condition: feeling associated with contact, with feeling as condition: craving associated with feeling, with craving as condition: attachment associated with craving, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process associated with ignorance, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness associated with a (volitional) process, with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form with mind (only) associated with consciousness, with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres with the sixth sense sphere (only) associated with mind, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact associated with the sixth sense sphere, with contact as condition: feeling associated with contact, with feeling as condition: craving associated with feeling, with craving as condition: attachment associated with craving, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

The Associations Tetrad

2.4. The Mutuality Tetrad

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, also with a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, also with consciousness as condition: a (volitional) process, with consciousness as condition: mind, also with mind as condition: consciousness, with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere, also with the sixth sense sphere as condition: mind, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, also with contact as condition: the sixth sense sphere, with contact as condition: feeling, also with feeling as condition: contact, with feeling as condition: craving, also with craving as condition: feeling, with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: craving, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, also with a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, also with consciousness as condition: a (volitional) process, with consciousness as condition: mind, also with mind as condition: consciousness, with mind as condition: contact, with contact as condition: mind, with contact as condition: feeling, also with feeling as condition: contact, with feeling as condition: craving, also with craving as condition: feeling, with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: craving, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, also with a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, also with consciousness as condition: a (volitional) process, with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form, also with mind and bodily form as condition: consciousness, with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere, also with the sixth sense sphere as condition: mind and bodily form, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, also with contact as condition: the sixth sense sphere, with contact as condition: feeling, also with feeling as condition: contact, with feeling as condition: craving, also with craving as condition: feeling, with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: craving, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, also with a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, also with consciousness as condition: a (volitional) process, with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form, also with mind and bodily form as condition: consciousness, with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres, also with the sixth sense sphere as condition: mind and bodily form, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, also with contact as condition: the sixth sense sphere, with contact as condition: feeling, also with feeling as condition: contact, with feeling as condition: craving, also with craving as condition: feeling, with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: craving, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

The Mutuality Tetrad

4.1. The Matrix

With a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance, with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, with consciousness as condition: mind, with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, with contact as condition: feeling, with feeling as condition: craving, with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With consciousness as condition: ignorance, with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, with consciousness as condition: mind, with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, with contact as condition: feeling, with feeling as condition: craving, with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With mind as condition: ignorance, with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, with consciousness as condition: mind, with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, with contact as condition: feeling, with feeling as condition: craving, with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With the sixth sense sphere as condition: ignorance, with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, with consciousness as condition: mind, with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, with contact as condition: feeling, with feeling as condition: craving, with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With contact as condition: ignorance, with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, with consciousness as condition: mind, with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, with contact as condition: feeling, with feeling as condition: craving, with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With feeling as condition: ignorance, with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, with consciousness as condition: mind, with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, with contact as condition: feeling, with feeling as condition: craving, with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With craving as condition: ignorance, with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, with consciousness as condition: mind, with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, with contact as condition: feeling, with feeling as condition: craving, with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With attachment as condition: ignorance, with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, with consciousness as condition: mind, with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, with contact as condition: feeling, with feeling as condition: craving, with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

The Matrix

2.5. The Conditions Tetrad

What are unwholesome thoughts? At whatever time an unwholesome mind has arisen, connected with happiness, associated with the resort to (wrong) view, a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought), at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, with consciousness as condition: mind, with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, with contact as condition: feeling, with feeling as condition: craving, with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness: this is said to be ‘ignorance’.

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality: this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process’.

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that: this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness’.

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent: this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind’.

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that: this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere’.

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact: this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact’.

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind: this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling’.

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind: this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving’.

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse: this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment’.

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent: this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation’.

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation: this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth’.

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span: this is said to be ‘ageing’.

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance: this is called ‘death’.

Thus, this is ageing and this is death, this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death’.

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it: this is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering’.

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, with consciousness as condition: mind, with mind as condition: contact, with contact as condition: feeling, with feeling as condition: craving, with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration,a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness: this is said to be ‘ignorance’.

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality: this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process’.

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that: this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness’.

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent: this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind’.

‘With mind as condition: contact’.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

Except for contact, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent: this is said to be ‘mind’.

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact: this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: contact’.

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind: this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling’.

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind: this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving’.

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse: this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment’.

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent: this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation’.

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation: this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth’.

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span: this is said to be ‘ageing’.

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance: this is called ‘death’.

Thus, this is ageing and this is death.

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering’.

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form, with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, with contact as condition: feeling, with feeling as condition: craving, with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration,a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness: this is said to be ‘ignorance’.

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality: this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process’.

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that: this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness’.

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form?’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent: this is said to be ‘mind’.

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

The accumulation (that produces) the eye sense sphere, the accumulation (that produces) the ear sense sphere, the accumulation (that produces) the nose sense sphere, the accumulation (that produces) the tongue sense sphere, the accumulation (that produces) the body sense sphere, or whatever other bodily form there is born of mind, rooted in mind, originating in mind: this is said to be ‘bodily form’.

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form’.

‘With mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere’.

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent: this is said to be ‘mind’.

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

That bodily form dependent on which mind-consciousness element exists: this is said to be ‘bodily form’.

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form’.

Herein, what is ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that: this is said to be ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere’.

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact: this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact’.

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind: this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling’.

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind: this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving’.

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse: this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment’.

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent: this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation’.

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation: this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth’.

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span: this is said to be ‘ageing’.

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance: this is called ‘death’.

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering’.

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form, with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, with contact as condition: feeling, with feeling as condition: craving, with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration,a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness: this is said to be ‘ignorance’.

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality: this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process’.

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that: this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness’.

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form?’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent: this is said to be ‘mind’.

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

The accumulation (that produces) the eye sense sphere, the accumulation (that produces) the ear sense sphere, the accumulation (that produces) the nose sense sphere, the accumulation (that produces) the tongue sense sphere, the accumulation (that produces) the body sense sphere, or whatever other bodily form there is born of mind, rooted in mind, originating in mind: this is said to be ‘bodily form’.

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form’.

‘With mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres’.

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent: this is said to be ‘mind’.

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

(There are) the four great entities, and that bodily form dependent on which mind-consciousness element exists: this is said to be ‘bodily form’.

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘mind and bodily form’.

Herein, what is ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres?’

(There is the) eye sense sphere, ear sense sphere, nose sense sphere, tongue sense sphere, body sense sphere, mind sense sphere.

This is said to be ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres’.

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact: this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact’.

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind: this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling’.

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind: this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving’.

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse: this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment’.

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent: this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation’.

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation: this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth’.

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span: this is said to be ‘ageing’.

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance: this is called ‘death’.

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering’.

The Conditions Tetrad

2.6. The Roots Tetrad

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process, with consciousness as condition: mind rooted in consciousness, with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere rooted in mind, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere, with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact, with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling, with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness: this is said to be ‘ignorance’.

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality: this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance’.

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that: this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process’.

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind rooted in consciousness?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent: this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind rooted in consciousness’.

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere rooted in mind?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that: this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere rooted in mind’.

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact: this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere’.

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind: this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact’.

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind: this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling’.

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse: this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving’.

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent: this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation’.

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation: this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth’.

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span: this is said to be ‘ageing’.

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance: this is called ‘death’.

Thus, this is ageing and this is death, this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death’.

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering’.

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process, with consciousness as condition: mind rooted in consciousness, with mind as condition: contact rooted in mind, with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact, with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling, with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness: this is said to be ‘ignorance’.

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality: this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance’.

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that: this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process’.

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind rooted in consciousness?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent: this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind rooted in consciousness’.

‘With mind as condition: contact rooted in mind’. Herein, what is ‘mind?’

Except for contact, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent: this is said to be ‘mind’.

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: contact rooted in mind?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact: this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: contact rooted in mind.'

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind: this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling’.

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind: this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving’.

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse: this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment’.

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent: this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation’.

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation: this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth’.

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span: this is said to be ‘ageing’.

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance: this is called ‘death’.

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering’.

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process, with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form rooted in consciousness, with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere rooted in mind and bodily form, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere, with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact, with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling, with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness: this is said to be ‘ignorance’.

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality: this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance’.

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that: this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process’.

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind rooted in consciousness?’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent: this is said to be ‘mind’. Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

(There are) the four great entities, and the bodily form attached to the four great entities: this is said to be ‘bodily form’.

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind rooted in consciousness’.

‘With mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere rooted in mind and bodily form’.

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent.

This is said to be ‘mind’. Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

That bodily form dependent on which mind-consciousness element exists: this is said to be ‘bodily form’.

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘mind and bodily form’.

Herein, what is ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere rooted in mind?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that: this is said to be ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere rooted in mind’.

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact: this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere’.

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind: this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact’.

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind: this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling’.

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse: this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving’.

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent: this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation’.

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation: this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth’.

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span: this is said to be ‘ageing’.

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance: this is called ‘death’.

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering’.

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance, with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process, with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form rooted in consciousness, with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres rooted in mind and bodily form, with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere, with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact, with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling, with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving, with attachment as condition: continuation, with continuation as condition: birth, with birth as condition: ageing, death, and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness: this is said to be ‘ignorance’.

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality: this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance’.

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that: this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process’.

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form rooted in consciousness?’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent: this is said to be ‘mind’.

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

The accumulation (that produces) the eye sense sphere, the accumulation (that produces) the ear sense sphere, the accumulation (that produces) the nose sense sphere, the accumulation (that produces) the tongue sense sphere, the accumulation (that produces) the body sense sphere, or whatever other bodily form there is born of mind, rooted in mind, originating in mind: this is said to be ‘bodily form’.

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form rooted in consciousness’.

‘With mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres rooted in mind and bodily form’.

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent: this is said to be ‘mind’.

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

(There are) the four great entities, and that bodily form dependent on which mind-consciousness element exists: this is said to be ‘bodily form’.

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘mind and bodily form’.

Herein, what is ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres rooted in mind and bodily form?’

(There is the) eye sense sphere, ear sense sphere, nose sense sphere, tongue sense sphere, body sense sphere, mind sense sphere.

This is said to be ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres rooted in mind and bodily form’.

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact: this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere’.

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind: this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact’.

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind: this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling’.

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse: this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving’.

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent: this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation’.

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation: this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth’.

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span: this is said to be ‘ageing’.

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance: this is called ‘death’.

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering’.

The Roots Tetrad