The Madhyama Āgama (Middle-Length Discourses) Volume II

Bibliography

Akanuma, Chizen. The Comparative Catalogue of Chinese Āgamas & Pāli Nikāyas (1929). Delhi: Sri Satguru, 1990.

Anālayo, Bhikkhu. A Comparative Study of the Majjhima-nikāya. Taipei: Dharma Drum Publishing Corporation, 2011.

—. —. —. Madhyama-āgama Studies. Taipei: Dharma Drum Publishing Corporation, 2012. Perspectives on Satipaṭṭhāna, Cambridge: Windhorse, 2013. "Selected Madhyama-āgama Discourse Passages and their Pāli Parallels," Dharma Drum Journal of Buddhist Studies 19 (2016): 1-61.

—. —. The Foundation History of the Nuns' Order. Bochum: Projektverlag, 2016. "The Luminous Mind in Theravāda and Dharmaguptaka Discourses," Journal of the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies 13 (2017): 10-50.

Anālayo, Bhikkhu, and Roderick S. Bucknell. "Correspondence Table for Parallels to the Discourses of Majjhima Nikāya: Toward a Revision of Akanuma's Comparative Catalogue," Journal of the Centre for Buddhist Studies, Sri Lanka 4 (2006): 215-238. Bareau, André. Recherches sur la Biographie du Buddha dans les Sūtrapiṭaka et les Vinayapiṭaka Anciens: De la Quête de l'Éveil a la Conversion de Śāriputra et de Maudgalyāyana. Paris: École Française d'Extrême-Orient, 1963. Bingenheimer, Marcus. Studies in Āgama Literature, With Special Reference to the Shorter Chinese Saṃyuktāgama. Taiwan: Shin Weng Feng Print Co., 2011. Bodhi, Bhikkhu. The Numerical Discourses of the Buddha, A Translation of the Aṅguttara Nikāya. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2012.

Bucknell, Roderick S. "Catalogues of Parallel Buddhist Sūtras in Pali, Chinese, Sanskrit, and Other Languages," in Proceedings of the 13th Wuyue Buddhist Academic Forum, pp. 427-441. Hangzhou: Hangzhou Buddhist Academy, 2016.

—. "Ekottarika-type Material in the Chinese Madhyama-āgama," in Dhammadinnā, ed., Research on the Madhyama-āgama, pp. 77-112. Taipei: Dharma Drum Publishing Corporation, 2017. —. "Taking Account of the Indic Source-text," in Konrad Meisig ed., Translating Buddhist Chinese, Problems and Prospects, pp. 45-52. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2010.

447

Bibliography

—. "The Structure of the Sanskrit Dīrgha-āgama from Gilgit vis-à-vis the Pali Dīghanikāya," in Dhammadinnā, ed., Research on the Dīrgha-āgama, pp. 57-101. Taipei: Dharma Drum Publishing Corporation, 2014.

Collett, Alice, and Bhikkhu Anālayo. "Bhikkhave and Bhikkhu as Gender-inclusive Terminology in Early Buddhist Texts," Journal of Buddhist Ethics 21 (2014): 760-797. Chung, Jin-il, and Takamichi Fukita. A Survey of the Sanskrit Fragments Corresponding to the Chinese Madhyamāgama, Including References to Sanskrit Parallels, Citations, Numerical Categories of Doctrinal Concepts and Stock Phrases. Tokyo: Sankibo Press, 2011.

Hartmann, Jens-Uwe, and Klaus Wille. "The Manuscript of the Dīrghāgama and the Private Collection in Virginia," in Paul Harrison and Jens-Uwe Hartmann, eds., From Birch Bark to Digital Data: Recent Advances in Buddhist Manuscript Research, pp. 137-155. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2014. Hirakawa, Akira. Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary. Tokyo: Reiyukai, 1997. Honjō, Yoshifumi. A Table of Āgama Citations in the Abhidharmakośa and the Abhi dharmakośopāyikā. Kyoto: n.p., 1984. Meisig, Konrad. Das Sūtra von den vier Ständen, Das Aggañña-Sutta im Licht seiner chinesischen Parallelen. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1988. Ñāṇamoli, Bhikkhu. The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha, A Translation of the Majjhima Nikāya (1995) Bhikkhu Bodhi, ed. Boston: Wisdom Publications, reprint 2005.

Norman, K. R. A Philological Approach to Buddhism: The Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai Lectures, 1994. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, 1997. Pannasiri, Bhadanta. "Sigālovāda-Sutta," Visva-Bharati Annals 3 (1950): 150-228. Pradhan, Prahlad. Abhidharmakośabhāṣya of Vasubandhu. Patna: K. P. Jayaswal Research Institute, 1967.

Rhys Davids, T. W., and William Stede. Pali-English Dictionary (1921). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1993.

Silverlock, Blair Alan. An Edition and Study of the Gosiga-sutra, The Cow-horn Discourse (Senior Collection Scroll no. 12): An Account of the Harmonious Aṇarudha Monks. Ph.D thesis, University of Syney, 2015.

Strauch, Ingo. "The Bajaur Collection of Kharoṣṭhī Manuscripts: Mahāprajāpatī Gautamī and the Order of Nuns in a Gandhāran Version of the Dakṣiṇāvibhaṅgasūtra," in Alice Collett ed., Women in Early Indian Buddhism: Comparative Textual Studies, pp. 17-45. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.

448

Bibliography

—. "The Indic versions of the *Dakṣiṇāvibhaṅgasūtra: Some Thoughts about the Early Transmission of Buddhist Āgama Texts," in Dhammadinnā, ed., Research on the Madhyama-āgama, pp. 327-373. Taipei: Dharma Drum Publishing Corporation, 2017.

Watanabe, Fumimaro. "Logical Arguments in the Dialogues (Suttas)," Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies 20/2 (1972): 988-976.

Wogihara, Unrai. Sphuṭārthā Abhidharmakośavyākhyā by Yaśomitra, Part II. Tokyo: The Publishing Association of Abhidharmakośavyākhyā, 1936. 449

Index

A

Abhidharma, 129-130, 337, 338, 426n134, 440n351

Abhidharmakośavyākhyā, 443n405 absorption(s), 127, 127, 184, 290, 291, 292, 378, 423n96, 426n138, 433n251, 434n267

four, 38, 137, 423nn89, 96; 431n225, 436n297

first, xvi, 103, 116, 117, 127, 131, 221, 222, 229, 344, 424n113, 425n128, 426n138, 434n266, 440n356 fourth, 38, 42, 93, 104-105, 113, 119, 120, 127, 131, 137, 184, 230, 245, 262, 286, 291, 424n113, 425n128 second, 103, 117, 118, 127, 131, 229, 262, 424n113, 425n128

third, 104, 118, 119, 127, 131, 229, 262, 424n113, 425n128

See also concentration(s); meditation(s) action(s), 95, 101, 227, 295, 310 bodily and verbal, 185, 189 evil/unwholesome, 371, 372, 373, 377 right, 147

wholesome, 371, 372, 373 See also deed(s); karma affliction(s), 20-28, 31, 57 absence of, 93-94, 95, 98, 286, freedom from, 39, 53, 387 See also nonaffliction

Āgamas, xv, 129-130, 200-201 See also Nikāyas

aggregate(s), 92, 93, 133 five, 133, 311, 354, 432n234, 441n370 See also consciousness(es); form(s); formation(s); feeling(s); perception(s) agitation, 93, 124-125, 270, 304, 305, 429n191

See also restlessness

alcoholic beverages/liquor/wine, 91, 127, 274

See also intoxicants

alms/almsfood, 17, 39, 77, 87, 99, 124, 130, 156, 161, 165, 324, 325, 390, 405, 406, 410, 425n123, 426n136, 432n239 almsbowls, 407, 408

Ānanda, 167, 419n38, 420n53, 438nn323, 324; 439n343, 440n359, 442n380 and Anuruddha, 87-88, 97-98 and the Buddha/World-honored One, 40-41, 47-50, 132-149, 190-191, 205-226, 316-321, 332, 334-337, 340-342

and Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī, 334, 337, 339-340, 439nn348, 349

Anāthapiṇḍika, 379, 383, 385, 390, 443n407

See also grove(s)/park(s), Anātha piṇ ḍika's Park anger, 16, 44, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 236, 363, 391, 392, 393-394, 435n278

abandoning/eradication/extinguishing, 128, 129, 130, 131, 187, 189, 190, 395

451

Index

anger (continued):

appeased/attenuated/reduced, 15, 60, 62, 63, 64, 113, 291 and enmity, 391-393 as mental defilement, 191, 192, 193 as unwholesome thought/state, 113, 127 Aṅguttara Book of Eights (Aṭṭhakanipāta), xvii

animal(s), 107, 232, 244, 255, 277, 281, 424n113, 427n149

camel(s), 117, 118, 346 cat, 406, 445n432

cattle/cow(s), 14, 91, 106, 117, 118, 232, 260, 261, 382, 419n37 deer, 117, 118, 263-264, 344 dog, 255, 274

donkey(s), 8, 117, 118, 241, 250, 346, 406, 445n432

elephant(s), 3, 4, 8, 14, 15, 16, 91, 97, 117, 118, 120, 121, 240, 249, 346, 347, 397, 417n10, 418nn14, 18; 440nn360, 363

Sati/Seta, 346, 440n360 fish, 116, 117, 206, 207, 274, 407, 445n432

fox, 407

horse(s), 8, 14, 91, 117, 118, 120, 121, 197-198, 199-200, 240, 249, 346, 397

jackals, 107, 232, 244 lion, 125, 348, 358 mouse, 406, 407, 445n432 ox, 115, 272, 287, 288, 346, 389, 390 serpents/snakes, 206, 207, 241, 250, 255, 346

sheep, 91, 371, 372 toads, 116, 117

turtles, 116, 117

water buffalo, 117, 118 wolves, 107, 232, 244 See also bird(s); insect(s) 452

animal talk, 271, 435n279 Anuruddha, 37, 43, 44, 54, 88, 167 and the Buddha, 18, 19-32, 37-40, 43, 55-65, 88, 98-99, 418nn18, 19, 21 and Ānanda, 87-88, 97-98 and Isidatta, 75-76, 77-80, 86-87 and Kaccāna, 76-77, 80-86 arahant(s), 43, 54, 75, 127, 225, 226, 292, 347, 353, 366, 371, 372, 373, 376, 387, 421n60, 424n117, 429n184, 440n353, 442n395, 444n418 arahantship, 139, 387 See also four fruits Aranemi, 401, 402

See also brahmin chaplains, seven argumentation, 350, 351 See also disputatious(ness); quarrel(s)/ quarreling

Ariṭṭha, 125

army, fourfold, 3-4, 5-8, 11, 397 arrogance, 173, 184, 185, 186, 187, 201, 202, 203

as mental defilement, 192, 193, 194 ascetic(s)/asceticism/ascetic practice(s), 165, 166, 251, 275-282, 348, 402, 426n148

See also self-mortification aspiration(s), 15, 16, 93, 158, 159, 164, 165

attachment, 173, 225, 226, 347, 348, 353, 390

abandoning/freedom from, 72, 173, 190, 226, 227, 264, 265, 269, 286, 287, 288, 342, 353, 356, 370, 371, 372, 387, 390, 405, 407, 408, 410, 411 as condition for miserliness, 208, 209-210 and desire/sensual pleasures, 208, 209, 210, 383

See also clinging

avarice, 180, 181, 182, 183, 189, 190, 196, 198, 199

as mental defilement, 191, 192, 193, 194 awakening, 43, 50, 54, 99, 173, 174, 332, 345

of Buddha, 191, 428n178, 433nn246, 251

factors of (seven)/seven treasures of, 146, 226, 227, 236, 354, 428n168 four levels of, 434n271, 439n346 full/right/true/unsurpassable, 20, 32, 36, 37, 61, 62, 63, 65, 113, 226, 227, 259, 288, 291, 385, 389 path of/to, 255, 288, 370, 371, 372, 436n289

requisites of (thirty-seven), 353, 364 states that pertain to (bodhipakkhiya), 109

See also penetration, awakening, and nirvana; understanding, awakening, and realization

awareness, directed, xvi, 28-30, 31, 51, 52, 53, 127, 184, 262, 344, 434n266 āyatana. See bases

B

barbarians, 371

bases, 132, 133, 147, 148 See also sense(s)/sense faculties/sense spheres; sense bases/objects, six bathing, 17, 55, 103, 194, 195, 229 inner mind, 194, 429n183 purification by, 191

becoming, 57, 72, 135, 206, 207, 212, 317, 318, 421n71, 430n202 See also dependent arising bewildered/bewilderment, 138, 239, 247, 248

See also confused/confusion Bhadda, 125

Bhagu, 15-16, 418nn16, 17 Index

Bimbisāra, King, 252-253 Bingenheimer, Marcus, xv, xvi bird(s), 93, 206, 207, 344, 396, 398, 444n422

chicken(s), 91, 142, 143 144, 145 crows, 107, 232

hawks, 244

owl, 407, 445n432

partridge, 344

pheasant, 344

wild goose, 92

See also animal(s); animal talk birth(s), 32, 36, 43, 49, 50, 54, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 94, 95, 114, 125, 135, 140, 141, 171, 180, 206, 207, 217, 263, 270, 284, 287, 292, 350, 353, 356, 366, 367, 368

among devas, 33-36

in a heavenly realm, 192, 193 in a hell realm, 191, 192 See also dependent arising; rebirth birth and death, 95, 97, 98, 113, 205, 292, 358, 373

See also death; rebirth birth, old age, disease, and death, 49, 55, 57, 89, 214, 260, 263, 268, 317, 318, 354, 358

Black (Kālī), 405

See also māra(s)

bliss, 173-174

See also rapture

bodily, verbal, and mental conduct/deeds, 18, 19, 242, 250, 251, 285 See also body, speech, and mind body(ies), 6, 9, 12, 14, 16, 24, 41, 43, 51, 55, 56, 57, 75, 80, 92, 93, 101-108, 112, 123, 188, 189, 194, 213, 221, 223, 227, 228-233, 235, 242, 243, 247, 250, 255, 261, 262, 263, 309, 312, 324, 346, 349, 354, 355, 373, 377, 384, 393, 406, 411, 412, 423n96, 445n438 453

Index

body(ies) (continued):

adorning/anointing/perfuming, 55, 166, 255, 339, 343, 391

becoming passionate, 115-121 breaking up of, at death, 45, 46, 47, 67, 73, 74, 83, 84, 85, 95, 218, 219, 220, 221, 242, 251, 285, 290, 317, 318, 320, 323, 376, 392, 393, 407, 409 contemplating, 42, 50, 106, 136, 227-233, 332, 423n89, 431nn218, 225; 445n436

cultivating, 189-190, 428n170 and dependent arising, 133-135, 329, 330

mental/mind-made, 93, 420n43 tranquil/tranquility of/untroubled, 20, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 46, 147, 148, 180 See also mindfulness, of the body; sense bases/objects, six; tangible(s) body, speech, and mind, 346, 347, 376, 377, 392-393, 440n361

See also bodily, verbal, and mental con duct/deeds bondage, 8, 12, 14, 307, 376, 377, 378, 408, 409

Brahmā(s), 36, 37, 65-73, 75, 239, 293, 294, 3131, 325, 326, 342, 346, 414-415, 421nn68, 70 deva(s), 221, 222

world, 65, 66, 73, 93, 400, 401, 405, 414 Brahmadatta, King, 417nn6-8, 10 and King Long Life Span, 3-10 and Master/Prince Long Life, 9-13, 417n11

brahmavihāras, 420n56, 421n59, 429n183, 444n426

See also four divine abodes/four immeasurables/four pleasant mental abidings brahmin(s), 36, 37, 67, 68, 69, 71, 73, 74-75, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 157, 158, 454

163, 166, 194, 195, 239, 240, 243, 245, 246, 248, 263, 265, 267, 268, 269, 270, 27, 277, 278, 280, 281, 282, 293, 311, 313, 325, 326, 339, 341, 346, 347, 355, 390, 398, 401, 402, 407, 408, 409, 410, 422n77, 428n179, 444n418

making offerings to, 379, 380, 381, 382 practices of:

four, 283-284, 285

purification by bathing, 191, 194 self-mortification, 274-275 brahmin chaplain(s), 5, 6, 7, 10, 417nn4, 5 seven, 401, 402, 444n426

breath(s)/breathing, 102-103, 228, 348, 431n224

See also mindfulness, of breathing Bucknell, Roderick S., xvi

buddha(s), 43, 269, 286, 287, 288, 370, 371, 372, 440n353

See also tathāgata(s)

Buddha, xvii, 3, 13, 15, 32, 37, 40, 41, 43, 44, 50, 54, 59-65, 75-76, 87, 99-100, 101, 109-113, 114, 122, 125, 126, 128, 132, 149, 151, 156, 161, 167, 168, 169, 170, 174, 175, 180, 183, 188-190, 191, 195, 196, 200, 202, 205, 226, 237, 238, 239, 243-246, 247, 253, 256, 258, 259, 264, 270, 271-272, 273, 290, 292, 293, 294, 295, 299, 302, 304, 306, 312, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 331, 332, 334, 337, 340, 342, 343, 345, 346, 347, 349, 352, 354, 357, 358, 359, 360, 364, 366, 369, 370, 374, 378, 379, 383, 385, 387, 390, 391, 395, 400, 402, 403, 404, 411, 412, 415, 417n2, 418nn13, 15, 18, 19, 21; 419nn28, 32, 37, 38; 420nn43, 53, 55; 421nn62-64, 68-71; 422nn73, 82; 424n117, 425n124, 426n138, 427n159, 162; 428nn178, 179; 429nn186, 189; 430n208, 433nn246, 251, 254, 256; 433-434n257, 434n267, 435nn280,

281, 288; 436nn290, 292, 293, 296-298; 438n323, 439nn337, 348, 349; 440n359, 441nn373, 375, 377, 379; 442nn380, 383, 386, 387; 443nn403, 407; 444n422

and Ānanda, 40, 47-48, 88, 132-149, 190-191, 205-226, 312, 314-321, 332, 334-337, 340-342 and Anāthapiṇḍika, 379-383, 383-385 and Anuruddha, 18-32, 37-40, 55-65, 99

and Bhagu, 15-16

and Brahmā, 65, 72, 75 and Cunda/Mahācunda, 183-188 and Daṇḍapāṇi, 325

and Dhammika, 396-403 and Kimbila, 18, 19, 32 and the Licchavis, 126-127 and Mahāmoggallāna, 88, 12-125 and Mahānāma, 246-253 and Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī, 332-334 and Nandiya, 18, 32 and Sāriputta, 355-357, 385-390 and Soṇa Kolivīsa, 364-369 and Sundarika, 194-195 and Udayin, 346-349 and Vaṅgīsa, 357

See also Tathāgata; World-honored One Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha, 335, 336, 429n183

C

Cāla, 125

caste, 166, 243

cause(s) and condition(s), 95, 270, 285, 415

cave(s), 93, 124

Sattapaṇṇi Cave, 251 See also mountain(s) celibacy/celibate, 89, 127, 184, 185, 186, 187, 348, 425n128,

Index

cemetery(ies), 93, 131, 299, 301, 426n137 contemplation, 423n89, 431n218 See also charnel ground(s); corpse cessation, 45, 46, 47, 49, 135, 136, 137, 224, 225, 226, 262, 410, 420n48 attainment of, 425n128, 426n139 of clinging/covetousness, 135, 181, 183, 366, 367, 369

complete/without remainder/remainderless, 49, 183, 355, 370, 371, 372 of contact, 135, 310, 311 of craving, 312, 323, 366 of dukkha, 42, 95, 137, 262, 268, 286, 307, 311, 312

of feeling(s), 125, 135, 245, 306, 308 of form/formations, 135, 245, 420n48 of ignorance, 135, 366, 367 of karma, 307, 311

of perception(s), 45, 46, 47, 125, 221, 223, 225, 306, 309, 420n52 of perception and knowing, 127, 226, 405,406

of the self, 215

of stations of consciousness, 222-224 of the taints, 95, 263, 287, 295, 296, 297, 298, 306, 307, 374

of the three defilements, 246, 366-367 of views, 182, 183, 268 charnel grounds, 107, 108, 232, 233, 244 See also cemetery(ies); corpse; cremate(d)/cremation Chinese, xv, xvi-xvii Chu, William, xvi

Chunyin, Shi, xvi

Citta Hatthisāriputta, 114-115, 121-122, 424n117

city(ies)/town(s)/village(s), 5, 10, 79, 81, 82, 96, 116, 124, 156, 161, 241, 249, 299, 301, 303, 305, 313, 368, 376, 377, 397, 405, 406, 410, 411, 413, 417nn6, 8; 432n239

455

Index

city(ies)/town(s)/village(s) (continued): Anupiya, 312

Āpaṇa, 99

Bālakaloṇakāra, 15

Benares/Vārāṇasī, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 193, 424n111

Campā, 358

Daṇḍakappa, 438n322

Gayā/Gayāsīsa, 419n31

Kallavāḷamutta, 122

Kammāssadhamma, 44, 205, 226, 264, 306

Kapilavatthu, 246, 324, 332 Kosambī, 3, 13, 14, 16, 180, 183 Pañcasāla, 167

Rājagaha, 114, 165, 175, 251, 270, 354, 436n293, 442nn384-385, 444n420 Sāvatthī, 65, 66, 75, 77, 87, 128, 132, 188, 196, 200, 202, 237, 253, 259, 290, 293, 295, 299, 302, 304, 320, 323, 343, 346, 349, 352, 364, 370, 374, 378, 383, 385, 391, 395, 396, 420n54, 422n88, 426n141, 427n155, 428nn174, 177; 434n270, 440n358, 441nn372, 378

Ukkācelā, 50

Uruvelā, 191

Vesālī, 44, 125-127, 425n125 clan/clansman/clansmen, 16, 17, 18, 43, 50, 54-55, 59, 99, 174, 191, 239, 247-248, 292, 331-332, 333, 384, 386 clinging, 40, 48, 54, 125, 131, 132, 135, 206, 207-208, 237, 266, 267, 268-269, 270, 434n272, 442n388 cessation of, 366, 367, 369 five aggregates of, 133, 311, 432n234 four types, 268-270, 430n203, 435nn273, 274

views conducive to, 278, 281-282 See also attachment; dependent arising 456

compassion, 58, 76, 77, 167, 169, 170, 171, 313, 328, 329, 348, 402 great, 49,148, 188, 264, 321, 324 mind imbued with/mind of, 53, 79, 89, 138, 194, 283, 386, 408, 409 conceit, 26, 27, 28, 31, 173, 185, 186, 187, 188, 304, 305, 326, 353, 370, 395, 418n26

as mental defilement, 191-192, 193, 194 underlying tendency of, 326, 327, 329, 331

concentration, 37-38, 40, 43, 51-54, 66, 83-84, 93-95, 103-104, 113, 122, 124, 125, 127, 136, 141, 146, 166, 185, 186, 187, 188, 201, 202, 203, 204, 229, 236, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 261, 262, 264, 292, 295, 296, 297, 298, 304, 305, 321, 322, 348, 388, 418n22, 419nn28, 30; 421nn58, 59; 429n191, 437nn303, 311; 441n379, 443n411

and afflictions, 20-28

attainment of, 173, 174

diversified, 31, 419n30

exclusive, 31, 419n30

established, 31-32

limited, 30, 31, 419n30

meditative, 359, 360, 404, 405, 406 of the mind, 101-108, 120, 121, 140, 141 right, 41, 147, 174, 264, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 347, 350, 403 signless, 120, 121

signs for 140-141

three levels/types, 28-31, 53, 419n28 vast, 31, 32, 419n30

See also five faculties; meditation concept(s)/conceptualization, 207, 213, 431n212

of self, 217-221

See also view(s), related to personality/of self

conceptual proliferation. See proliferation, conceptual

confidence, 429n183, 444n425 confused/confusion, 20, 71, 252, 351, 389, 407

See also bewildered/bewilderment; nonconfusion/unconfused consciousness(es), 133, 135, 148, 213, 214, 353, 421n69, 430nn199, 207 boundless/infinite, sphere of, 127, 131, 221, 223-224, 225, 293, 294 element, 106, 135, 232 seven stations of, 221-226, 431n213 six types (eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind), 133-134, 329, 330 See also dependent arising contact, 135, 148, 212-213, 308, 309, 310, 321, 322, 329, 330, 430nn199, 206 cessation of, 308, 309, 310, 311 six bases/types, 134, 212, 323, 324 See also dependent arising contemplation, 49, 89, 148, 149, 188, 197, 199, 321, 323, 324, 431nn217, 220; 432nn234, 235; 437n316 body/bodily, 423nn89, 90; 431nn218, 219, 225

cemetery, 423n89, 431n218 sustained, xvi, 28-30, 31, 51, 52, 53, 127, 184, 262, 344, 434n266 thorough, 99 100

See also meditation; mindfulness contentment, 37, 38, 41, 168, 169, 419n39 supreme, 92-93

continent(s), 397, 412 Jambudīpa, 396, 397, 398, 444n424 Uttarakuru, 412

corpse, 107, 232, 244, 255 See also cemetery(ies); charnel grounds; skeleton(s)

Corrupter (Dūsī), 405-412 See also māra(s)

Index

country(ies)/region(s), 3, 9-16, 79, 82, 157, 158, 163, 240, 241, 248, 249, 271, 371, 395, 396, 397, 444n421 Aṅga, 99

Bhagga(s), 37, 40, 122, 151, 403, 427n163

Ceti, 32, 37, 40, 43, 428n169 Kāsi, 3-5, 7, 9-14, 417n3 Kosala, 3-5, 7-14, 167, 417nn2-4, 421n61, 438n322

Kuru, 44, 205, 226, 264, 306, 398 Magadha, 122

See also city(ies)/town(s)/village(s) covetousness, 44, 50, 51, 52-53, 56, 92, 93, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190, 201, 202, 203, 304, 305 as mental defilement, 191, 192, 193 craving, 135, 148, 173, 206, 208, 211-212, 266, 267, 268, 308, 309, 311, 322, 358, 434n272, 441n377

cessation/destruction/end of, 312, 323, 366, 367, 413, 442n388 for becoming/existence, 212, 353, 354 for sensual pleasure, 212, 309, 324, 400, 402

six types of, 134-135, 430n204 three/threefold, 324, 439n336 See also dependent arising; desire(s) cremate(d)/cremation, 9, 10, 406, 423n102 See also charnel grounds cruelty, thought(s) of, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 291

Cunda, 180-183, 183-188 D

Daṇḍapāṇi, 325-326

danger, 138, 239, 243, 247, 254, 255, 436n296, 442n382

in feelings, 238, 245-246 in heterodox views, 268 in material form, 238, 243-245 457

Index

danger (continued):

in sensual pleasures, 238, 239-242, 243, 247, 432n240, 433n247 in wealth, 381, 382, 383

death, 12, 43, 135, 206, 207, 217, 242, 250, 251, 322, 348, 395, 400, 401, 407, 431n214, 440n357

auspicious, 153, 154

bad/inauspicious/unwholesome, 152, 153, 154, 242, 251

breaking up of the body at, 67, 73, 74, 83, 84, 85, 95, 218, 219, 220, 221, 242, 285, 290, 317, 318, 320, 323, 376, 392, 393, 407, 409

See also birth and death; birth, old age, disease, and death; old age, and death deathless, 49

debt(s), 55, 90, 375, 378 See also poverty

deceit/deceitful, 166, 173, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190, 196, 198, 199, 208, 209, 278, 282, 288, 363, 428n172, 429n187

end of, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331 as mental defilement, 191, 192, 193, 194 deed(s), 34, 35, 36, 95, 242, 252, 285, 377, 433nn254, 255

black/dark/evil/unwholesome, 194, 195, 242, 250, 251, 252, 363, 377, 394, 395, 407, 412, 433n254 bright/good/meritorious/wholesome, 195, 242, 250, 364, 365, 394, 409 censurable/ignorant/immoral, 394, 441n373

of loving-kindness, 18, 19 See also action(s); bodily, verbal, and mental conduct/deed(s)

defilement(s), 57, 89, 93, 94, 95, 151-155, 175, 176, 177, 179, 187, 195, 262, 275, 279, 283, 286, 383, 388, 458

412, 426n148, 428nn179, 180; 428-429n181 by desire, 208, 210

mental/of the mind, 101-108, 175-177, 179, 393

twenty-one, 191-194

of the practitioner of asceticism/of selfmortification, 275-279, 433nn283, 285

three, of greed, hatred, and delusion, 246 delusion, 37, 38, 41, 42, 69, 93, 94, 234, 246, 266, 267, 268, 351, 428n172 See also ignorance; sensual passion, anger/hatred, and delusion/ignorance dependent arising, 135, 148, 205, 435n274 designation(s), 212, 214, 217, 430n206, 431n212

desire(s), 37, 38, 39, 41, 56, 57, 71, 92, 94, 113, 115-121, 148, 153-163, 168, 169, 175-178, 184, 185, 208, 210, 234, 247. 275, 277, 279, 281, 289, 326, 327, 329, 331, 366, 367, 397, 431n217 contrary to the Dharma, 191-193 evil, 175-178, 180-183, 184-187, 189, 190, 196, 198, 275, 279, 363, 387-388 as root of phenomena, 321-322 sensual/sexual, 38, 42, 49, 56, 89, 93, 95, 113, 137, 142, 173, 184, 235-236, 245, 259-264, 266-268, 286, 287, 291, 307, 309, 325, 326, 345, 349, 351, 353, 374-376, 400, 401, 402, 434n266

See also craving; sensual passion, anger/hatred, and delusion/ignorance; sensual pleasure(s) Devadatta, 312, 313-314

devas, 32-37, 67, 69, 71, 72, 76, 86, 169, 170, 171, 206, 207, 239, 269, 286, 293, 294, 313, 323, 325, 326, 342,

346, 347, 370, 371, 372, 386, 387, 389, 398, 399, 413, 414, 419nn33-35; 422n81, 424n117

four types of, 422n79

of defiled radiance, 422nn79, 84 higher, 75, 86

rebirth/once-returning among, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65

of the royal banyan tree, 398-399 of seven stations of consciousness and two spheres, 221-225

three classes of, 70-71, 80 of pervasive pure radiance, 70, 80, 84-86

of pure radiance, 70, 80, 83-84 of radiance, 70, 80-81, 82 See also Sakka

Dhammika, 395-403, 444nn421, 422 dharma(s), 42, 52-53, 136, 146, 227-228, 235-237, 432nn234, 235 Dharma, 16, 17, 40, 43, 50, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 73, 74, 75, 86, 87, 90, 98, 101, 114, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129, 130-131, 132, 139, 140, 141, 156, 161, 166, 167, 169, 170-171, 173-174, 185, 186, 187, 188, 214, 217, 218, 219, 247, 261-262, 288, 289, 290, 292, 306, 328, 331, 345, 350, 351, 352, 355, 366, 370, 371, 372, 378, 379-382, 383, 384, 385, 387, 393, 397, 399, 400, 410, 414, 418n20, 425n132, 427n157, 428n170, 430n195, 443n410, 445n430

desire contrary to, 191, 192, 193 noble, 184, 311, 375, 377, 378, 389, 403 path of, 269, 286, 370, 371, 372, 387 quest for, 167-169

sublime/superb, 178, 179, 180, 373 summit of, 147, 148

true, 43, 54, 55, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 96, 97, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, Index

226, 270, 332, 333, 335, 337, 339, 340, 341, 356, 364, 365

wheel of, 356, 358

See also Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha Dharma master/teacher, 13, 56, 57, 58, 59, 101, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 214, 217, 218, 219, 328

Dīghīti, King, 417nn3-5, 7-9 diligence, 168, 169, 201, 202, 203, 204 utmost, 50, 51, 52, 53, 302, 303, 305 Disampatī, King, 444n426

disciple(s), 49, 58, 59, 65, 73-74, 75, 148, 167, 168, 169, 188, 239, 252, 264, 271, 273, 285-286, 287, 288, 289, 321, 324, 331, 350, 355, 358, 364, 365, 390, 400, 401, 402, 404, 405, 407, 408, 410, 412, 424n112, 436n291, 444n425

chief, 167, 405

great, 125-127

intermediate, 171, 172, 173 lay, 386-388, 389, 424n112, 444n421 female, 64-65, 158, 163, 371 male, 62-63, 158, 163, 195, 371, 385-390

new, 169, 170, 171, 172-173 noble, 44-47, 49, 142-146, 148, 180, 251, 253, 353, 385, 388, 443n408 senior, 169, 170, 171-172 See also laymen; laypeople; monk(s); nun(s)

discontent/disenchantment, 56, 112, 140, 141, 180, 291, 431n217, 436n297, 441n370

discrimination/discriminative understanding, 42, 71, 208, 210-211 disease(s), 6, 56, 112, 242, 243, 250, 290, 311, 344, 345, 418n23, 439n348 See also birth, old age, disease, and death

459

Index

dispassion, 136, 137, 140, 141, 142, 180, 345, 347, 366, 369, 410, 428n168, 441n370

See also equanimity

disputatious(ness), 124, 173, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190, 201, 202, 203, 267, 268, 304, 305 See also argumentation; quarrel(s)/ quarreling

divine beings, four classes of, 67, 69, 70, 71

divine might, 69, 73, 86, 93, 98, 99 donor(s), 274, 290

doubt(s), 93, 97, 98, 184, 185, 186, 187, 201, 202, 203, 236, 247, 252, 304, 305, 313, 335, 336, 358, 418n22 affliction of, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31

as mental defilement, 191, 192, 193 underlying tendency to, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331

drowsiness, 122-123, 425nn122, 123 See also sloth-and-torpor dukkha, 45, 46, 49, 95, 139, 148, 214, 260, 262, 263, 286, 307, 311, 322, 352-353, 434n265, 438n321 cessation/end(ing) of, 42, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 95, 113, 137, 262, 268, 286, 291, 307, 311, 312, 322, 326, 327, 329-330, 331, 335, 336, 364, 386 diversity of, 307, 311, 312, 438n321 four truths of, 137, 335, 336 mass of, 55, 89, 206, 208, 209, 237-242, 246, 248-251

See also suffering

E

ear(s), 90, 92, 133, 134, 153, 154, 212, 235, 241, 247, 250, 263, 309, 324, 329, 330, 332, 350, 368

460

divine, 94, 97-98, 108, 113, 272, 292 See also sense bases/objects, six; sound(s)

effacement, 184-185, 188 effort(s), 37, 38, 41, 42, 97, 136, 152, 153, 171, 172, 173, 384

right, 147

four, 136

to attain nirvana, 384, 429n192, 430n196 to obtain wealth, 239, 247-248, 383 eight garudhammas/rules of respect, 336- 337, 338 -339, 439nn348, 349; 440nn350-352

See also nun(s); woman/women eightfold path, 147, 174, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312

right, 264, 434n268

wrong, 264, 434n268

See also action(s), right; concentration, right; effort(s), right; intention(s), right; livelihood, right; mindfulness, right; speech, right; view(s), right/straight

elation, affliction of, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31 elder(s), 43, 115, 116, 122, 125-127, 129, 167, 171, 390, 395

monks, 114, 422n77

nuns, 339-340

element(s), 67, 106, 148, 232, 423n89, 431n218

four, 45, 69, 324, 423n101, 432n229 earth, 67, 69, 71-72, 106, 135, 232, 422n101, 432n229

fire, 67, 69, 71, 72, 106, 135, 232, 422n101, 432n229

water, 67, 69, 71, 72, 106, 135, 232, 422n101, 432n229

wind, 67, 69, 71, 72, 106, 135, 232, 422n101, 432n229

six, 135

consciousness, 106, 135, 232 space, 106, 135, 232

eloquence/eloquent, 129, 200, 201, 429n190

See also lion's roar

energy, 136, 141, 146, 168, 169, 201, 202, 203, 204, 236, 304, 305, 403, 437n311, 441n371

excessive, 23, 24, 25-26, 27, 28, 31, 418n24

lack of, 23-24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 418n24, 442n394

See also five faculties

enmity, 173,

seven states of, 391-393 envy, 173, 180, 181, 182, 183, 189, 190, 196, 198, 199

as mental defilement, 191, 192, 193, 194 equanimity, 47-48, 53, 79, 138, 194, 262, 283, 408, 409, 440n363 concentration conjoined with, 51, 52, 53, 419n30, 421nn58, 59

as factor of awakening, 146, 236 See also awakening, factors of (seven)/ seven treasures of; dispassion evil(s), 4, 15, 57, 58, 124, 173, 184, 194, 242, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 264, 352, 371, 372, 376, 389, 433nn243, 250; 440n361

conditions, 113, 291, 385, 389 conduct/deed(s), 95, 185, 186, 187, 188, 242, 250, 251, 252, 278, 282, 285, 363, 376, 377, 392, 407, 433n254 of covetousness, 180, 181, 182, 190 desire(s), 175-178, 180-187, 189, 190, 196, 198, 275, 279, 363, 387, 388 intention/wishes, 13, 429n187 mental aspirations, 158-159 qualities, 197, 198, 303, 306, 317, 318 speech/words, 56, 290

Index

state(s), 38, 42, 44, 56, 57, 61, 62, 63, 65, 92, 93, 113, 136, 137, 155, 190, 201-202, 203, 208, 209, 245, 259, 260, 261, 262, 286, 291, 303, 304, 305, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331, 344, 434n266

thought(s), 102, 155, 156-158, 160-163, 173, 227-228, 254-258, 291 three, 264, 291

view(s), 180, 181, 183, 189, 190, 363 Evil One. See Māra

existence, 32, 36, 37, 43, 46, 48, 49, 50, 54, 59, 61, 95, 113, 114, 125, 140, 141, 171, 180, 217, 263, 270, 287, 291, 292, 307, 309, 323, 325, 326, 350, 353, 354, 356, 358

bonds/fetter of, 356, 366, 367, 378366, 367, 368, 384, 424n109, 437n315 further/future/repeated, 49, 354, 357 seven (more), 61, 62, 63, 65, 113, 291, 385, 389, 424n109

realm(s) of, 49

bad, 95, 152, 153, 154, 186, 285, 307, 312, 313, 314, 317, 318, 320, 376, 385, 389, 393, 404-405

good, 95, 153, 154, 285, 290, 307, 320, 392, 409

underlying tendency to, 326, 327, 329, 331

view of, 267-268

See also nonexistence

extinction, 49, 188, 428n176 See also nirvana

eye(s), 92, 123, 133, 134, 153, 154, 212, 235, 247, 256, 263, 309, 324, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 368, 414, 424-425n120, 425n122 consciousness, 133, 329, 330 divine/of wisdom, 95, 285, 414, 434n267 inner, 20-28, 30-31

See also form(s); sense bases/objects, six 461

Index

F

faith, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 146, 147, 166, 201, 202, 203, 252, 304, 395, 314, 335, 336, 348, 366, 384, 390, 429n190, 441n371, 442n394 and asceticism, 278-279, 282 faculty of, 141, 403, 437n311 firm/great/right, 59, 200, 201, 378 lack of/without, 166, 3185, 186, 187, 188, 201, 203, 304, 371, 375, 377 leaving home/household life out of, 13, 43, 50, 54, 55, 89, 99, 174, 191, 246, 247, 292, 332, 333, 334, 335, 337, 339, 341, 366

power of, 141, 146

in the teacher and the teachings, 265, 266, 269, 270

See also five faculties

fame, 124, 367, 392, 425n133 family(ies), 89, 124, 335, 374, 390, 432n241, 433n248

distinguished/high/noble, 5, 9, 10, 128, 425n130

good, 366, 369

name(s), 33, 34, 35, 36, 94, 284 See also parents; relatives fear(s)/fearful(ness), 9, 12, 55, 72, 112, 226, 242, 250, 277, 281, 291, 354, 358, 389, 393, 411

affliction of, 24, 25 26, 27, 28, 31 of wrongdoing, 441n371, 442n394 fearless, 288, 397

feeling(s), 42, 51, 125, 133, 135, 136, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 212, 215, 216, 217, 222, 224, 227, 234, 245, 246, 306, 308, 329, 330, 352-353, 425n128, 430nn199, 205; 432n232, 437nn315, 316

gratification and danger in, 238, 245, 246

462

knowing/knowledge of, 238, 306, 308 as root of phenomena, 321, 322 as self, 215-217, 430nn208, 209; 431nn211, 213

six types of, 134

three types of, 212, 308, 323, 439n335 neutral, 125, 212, 215, 234, 308 painful, 125, 212, 215, 234, 308 pleasant, 125, 212, 215, 234, 308 See also aggregate(s), five; dependent arising

fetter(s), 53, 79, 138, 194, 235, 283, 322, 347, 348, 352, 357, 358, 363, 374, 402, 432n235

of existence, 356, 366, 367 five lower, 60, 61, 62, 64, 113, 291 of ill-will, 186, 187

three, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 113, 291 five faculties, 141, 403, 437n311 five hindrances, 93, 226, 227, 235-236, 286, 378, 429n191, 429n195, 435n286 flattery, 173, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190, 196, 198, 199, 208, 209, 288, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331, 428n172

as mental defilement, 191, 192, 193, 194 See also speech

flavor(s), 92, 247, 263, 309, 324, 368, 369 See also taste(s); sense bases/objects, six; tongue

food(s), 17, 41, 92, 94, 119, 120, 130, 138, 156, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162, 163, 164, 166, 167, 168-169, 271, 274, 284, 303, 305, 324, 341, 344, 348, 409, 418n17, 423n92, 424nn115, 116; 427n157, 429n183, 431n221 repulsiveness of, 322, 445n436 as requisite, 158, 163, 290, 295-296, 297-298, 299, 300, 301, 336, 426n147

See also alms/almsfood

forest(s), 16, 49, 57, 58, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 85, 93, 99, 120-121, 124, 131, 149, 188, 264, 271, 272, 274, 287, 288, 295-299, 299-301, 321, 324, 325, 328, 331, 362, 376, 405, 406, 426n137 Añjana Forest, 54

Bhesakaḷa Forest, 37, 40 Blind [Men's] Forest. 364 Great Wood, 425n125

Sandbank Forest, 32, 37, 40, 43 udumbara, 270-271, 272

See also grove(s)/park(s); tree(s) form(s) 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 45, 49, 76, 92, 113, 127, 133, 144, 145, 184, 213, 225, 235, 256, 292, 310, 324, 329, 330, 346, 349, 353, 368, 369, 404, 405, 418-419n27, 419nn29, 32; 430n206 material/visible, 44, 45, 47, 238, 243, 245, 247, 256, 263, 309, 420nn46-48 not contemplating, affliction of, 27-28, 31

perception(s) of, 45, 46, 47, 49, 128, 138, 184, 221, 223, 225

vision of, 20-28, 30, 31, 419n29 See also eye(s); sense bases/objects, six formation(s), 133, 135, 136, 212-213, 353, 410, 445n436

See also aggregate(s), five; dependent arising

formless, 113, 145, 184, 292, 324 See also four formless/immaterial attainments

four assemblies, 158, 163, 371, 426nn144, 146

See also disciple(s), lay, female, male; monk(s); nun(s)

four divine abodes/four immeasurables/ four pleasant mental abidings, 137-138, 400, 401, 443n410 See also brahmavihāras

Index

four establishments of mindfulness/four satipaṭṭhānas, 136, 226-227, 237, 419n41, 420n56, 421n59, 432n234 See also mindful/mindfulness four formless/immaterial attainments, 138, 423-424n106

four fruits, 139, 439n346 See also arahantship; awakening, four levels of; nonreturner(s)/nonreturning; once-returner(s)/once-returning; stream-enterer(s)/stream-entry four noble traditions (ariyavaṃsa), 138-139 Four Noble Truths, 137, 432n234 four practices/restraints, 283, 284, 285, 435n286

See also restraint

four ways of answering questions, 441n367

Fully Awakened One, 347, 389, 415 See also Buddha

G

Gabled Hall, 125-126, 425n125 generosity, 9, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 146, 200, 201, 364, 365, 386, 429n190 See also giving

Giñjakāvasatha Hall, 333 giving, 335, 336, 3671, 372, 378, 389 See also generosity

goal(s), 436n291

final, 266-267, 434n272, 441n374 of the renunciant, 299-301 gold/golden, 13, 91, 181, 182, 347, 376, 412, 442n394

Gotama, 73, 74, 194, 238, 266, 271 with Daṇḍapāṇi, 325

with the Nigaṇṭhas, 251-253 and Nigrodha, 271, 272-275, 279, 283-289 See also Buddha

463

Index

Govinda, 401, 402, 444n426 See also brahmin chaplains, seven grain(s), 181, 182, 315, 317, 344, 362 crops, five kinds of, 277, 281 gratification, 238, 268

in feelings, 238, 245, 246 in material form, 238, 243, 245 in sensual pleasures, 238, 239, 243, 247 gratitude, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 398, 439n349

greed, 138, 246, 367, 378 as mental defilement, 191, 192, 193, 246 See also defilement(s), three, of greed, hatred, and delusion

grief, 160, 165, 378, 387, 388, 438n319 grove(s)/park(s), 44, 18, 270, 271, 272, 344, 412

Anāthapiṇḍika's Park, 65, 66, 75, 87, 128, 132, 188, 200, 202, 237, 253, 259, 290, 293, 295, 299, 302, 304, 321, 323, 343, 349, 352, 364, 370, 374, 378, 383, 385, 391, 395, 396 bamboo, 44, 325, 325

Bamboo Grove, 114, 175, 270, 354 Bhesakaḷā Grove, 122, 151, 427n163 Deer Park/Isipatana, 37, 40, 122, 151, 403, 424n111

Eastern Park, 196, 346

Fearsome Grove, 403, 415 Ghosita's Park, 3, 180, 183 Gosiṅga Grove, 126, 127

Jeta's Grove, 65, 66, 75, 87, 128, 132, 188, 200, 202, 237, 253, 259, 290, 293, 295, 299, 302, 304, 321, 323, 343, 349, 352, 364, 370, 374, 378, 383, 385, 391, 395, 396, 420n54, 422n88, 426n141, 427n155, 428nn174, 177; 434n270, 440n358 Nigrodha Park/Nigrodhārāma, 246, 332 Pācīnavaṃsa Grove, 17, 18 Rakkhitavana Grove, 16, 17, 418n18 464

rosewood, 167

Squirrels' Sanctuary, 114, 175, 270, 354 Sītavana, 77, 442nn385, 386 See also forest(s); tree(s) H

Hall of Migāra's Mother, 196, 346, 414, 440n359, 441nn372, 378

happiness, 49, 73, 74, 76, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145-146, 147, 148, 160, 165, 166, 169, 170, 171, 188, 245, 252-253, 262, 263, 264, 313, 341, 347, 352, 378, 397, 403, 409, 413, 433-434n257

and concentration. 51, 52, 53, 140, 141, 262

foremost/extreme/higher/superior/un worldly, 252, 253, 353, 378, 409, 433n251

of relinquishment, 251, 253 of renunciation, 56, 57

of seclusion/separation, 344, 434n266 and sensual pleasures, 251, 253, 433n251 and speech, 90, 352

and wholesome qualities, 320 hatred, 16, 94, 201, 202, 203, 234, 246, 304, 305, 349, 351, 363, 376, 393, 399, 402, 425n128

cessation of, 246, 366, 367 underlying tendency to, 326, 327, 329, 331

See also defilement(s), three; enmity Hatthipāla, 401, 402

See also brahmin chaplains, seven heaven(s), 35, 36, 95, 307, 311, 445n435 Akaniṭṭha Heaven, 384

Heaven of Streaming Radiance (Ābha ssarā), 221, 222-223, 400, 401, 421n68

Heaven of the Four Kings, 400, 401

Heaven of the Thirty-three, 398, 400, 401, 414

Heaven of Those Who Delight in Creating, 400, 401 Heaven of Those Who Delight in the Creations of Others, 400, 401 of long life, 371, 379, 380, 381, 382 of pervasive pure radiance, 85 of pure radiance, 83-84

Refulgent Glory (Subhakiṇṇa), 221, 223 Tusita Heaven, 400, 401

Yāma Heaven, 400, 401

Heavenly King. See Sakka heavenly realm(s)/world, 113, 192, 193, 285, 290, 291, 409, 445n435 hell, 95, 242, 251, 285, 307, 310, 312, 313, 314, 317, 318, 320, 373, 376, 385, 389, 393, 407, 411, 412, 445nn433, 438 bondage of, 376, 377

Great Hell Without Omission, 411-412 realm, 191, 192

heterodox, 265, 270

practitioner(s)/wanderers, 238, 265, 266-267, 270-274, 275, 279, 283, 286, 287-288. 289, 321, 341, 432n239, 436n292

seers, 400, 402

See also Nigaṇṭhas; worship/worshiper Highest Physician/King of Physicians, 355, 358

See also Buddha

holy life, 50, 54, 125, 289, 306, 335, 353, 372, 373, 374

basis/root of, 98-99, 174, 191, 332 companions in, 18, 19, 115, 116, 140, 158-160, 165, 167, 171, 175-177, 181-183, 197-200, 327-329, 361-363, 376 eight obstacles to, 370-372 establishment of, 32, 36, 37, 43, 49, 50, 54, 59, 61, 95, 114, 125, 140, 141, Index

171, 180, 217, 263, 270, 287, 292, 350, 353, 355, 356, 366, 367, 368 foremost/supreme/ultimate, 43, 125, 354 fulfilling, 306-312

practice of/practicing/practitioner(s) of, 54, 55, 89, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 146, 147, 148, 273, 285-286, 333, 325-326, 334, 345, 361, 362, 363, 370, 373, 411, 412

and nuns/women, 332-335, 340 summit of, 43, 50, 5, 292, 366 homage, 124

to Ānanda, 340

to Anuruddha, 76, 77

to the Buddha, 40, 50, 54, 75, 76, 126, 127, 132, 183, 195, 205, 238, 246, 270, 292, 331, 332, 333, 334, 337, 340, 358, 364, 366, 369, 379, 383, 385, 396, 441n377

to nuns, 340

to Sāriputta, 385

to the sun and moon, 275 See also worship

household/household life, 77, 89, 266, 423n91

giving up/leaving, 174, 191, 246, 247, 292, 295, 296, 300, 326, 327, 330, 343, 344, 348, 389

See also renunciation

householder(s), 119-120, 240, 246-247, 248, 270-271, 272, 273, 287, 289, 315, 317, 339, 341, 361, 362, 378, 379, 380-383, 383-385, 390, 422n75, 435nn277, 281, 288; 436n293 brahmin, 407-410

and monks, 124, 157-158, 162-163, 445nn432, 433, 435

See also Anāthapiṇḍika; laypeople; Pañcakaṅga; Sandhāna; True Mind 465

Index

humility, 115, 116, 125 hungry ghost(s), 307, 310, 370, 376, 385, 388

hypocrisy, 325, 326

I

"I"-conceit, 353

See also self; view(s), related to personality/of self identity, 145-146, 323 ignorance, 49, 66, 68, 95, 113, 127, 135, 263, 264, 269, 287, 291, 307, 345, 349, 350, 353, 425n128, 435n274 cessation of, 135, 366-367 and clinging, 269, 435n274 underlying tendency to, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331

See also delusion; dependent arising; sensual passion, anger/hatred, and delusion/ignorance

ill-will, 53, 56, 79, 93, 138, 143, 173, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190, 194, 196, 198, 199, 266, 267, 268, 283, 408, 409

as mental defilement, 191, 192, 193 thought(s) of, 259-260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 291

See also malice

immaterial/immateriality, 219, 221, 430n202

beings, 221, 222, 223-224 self, 430n208

boundless/unlimited, 218, 219, 220, 221, 430n208

limited, 218, 219, 220, 430n208 See also four formless/immaterial attainments; material/materiality impermanence/impermanent, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 66, 68, 125, 139, 148, 215, 216, 466

245, 324, 352-353, 410, 431n220, 445n436

perception of, 139, 322 insect(s), 89, 386

beetles, 116, 117

fleas, 56, 112, 274, 290 flies/gadflies, 56, 112, 239, 247, 290 mosquitoes, 56, 112, 239, 247, 290 See also animal(s)

insight, 113, 290, 291, 292, 403, 403, 433n251, 441n370

into phenomena, 302-303, 429-430n194 intention(s), 168, 169, 170, 270, 293, 294, 310, 321, 322, 326, 327, 329, 330, 367, 423n91

evil/harmful, 13, 245 right, 147

six types of, 134

See also eightfold path; karma, two types of

intoxicants, 335, 336, 386, 389 See also alcoholic beverages/liquor/ wine

invitation ceremony (pavāraṇā), 354-355 irritation, 56, 429n191 Isidatta, 75-77, 80, 86-87 J

jealous/jealousy, 278, 282, 351, 363, 393, 402

Jotipāla, 401, 402, 444n426 See also brahmin chaplains, seven joy, 140, 141, 146, 171, 236, 239, 243, 252, 253, 387, 388, 389, 413, 433-434n257 empathetic, 53, 79, 138, 194, 283, 408, 409

See also awakening, factors of (seven)/ seven treasures of; happiness

K

Kaccāna, 76-77, 80-86, 422nn81, 85 Kakusandha, 405, 407-408, 410-411, 445n434

Kālaka, 196

karma, 34, 307, 310-311, 438n318 black/evil/unwholesome, 251-252, 320 cessation of, 307, 311 knowing, 307, 310-311, 419n34 two types of, 310

Kassapa, 167

Keṇiya, 99

killing/murder, 89, 186, 187, 283, 284, 285, 335, 336, 386, 389, 433n255, 435n286, 444n418

See also four practices/restraints Kimbila, 17, 18, 19, 32, 54 Kinsman of the Sun, 374, 441n377. See also Buddha

knowledge(s), 42, 71, 99, 100, 177, 180, 238, 265, 269, 270, 286, 328, 331, 335, 336, 354, 390, 428n170, 433n254 and conduct, 269, 286, 370, 371, 372, 387

final, 40, 54, 59, 61, 171, 237, 289, 356, 366, 369-370

of gratitude, 177-178 higher, 357

six, 436n297, 441n375 three, 358, 434n267, 441n375 of inner light, 30-31 of liberation, 57, 140, 141, 180, 388, 443n411

and mindfulness of body, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232-233

and mindfulness of dharmas, feelings, states of mind, 234-236 penetrative, types of, 238 of people's faculties, 314, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321

Index

right/true, 352, 356, 366, 367 scholarly, 239, 247

supernormal (six), 37, 94, 97 of birth and death, 95, 97, 98, 113, 292 of destruction of the taints, 95, 97, 98, 262, 286, 303, 305

of the divine ear, 94, 97, 98, 113, 292 of the minds of others, 16, 37, 66, 94, 97, 113, 115, 121, 292, 313, 314, 315-316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 359, 360, 364

of past lives, 94, 97, 98, 113, 292 and vision, 28, 29-30, 31, 32-33, 34, 35, 36, 70, 71, 93, 265, 388, 419n29, 443n411

Koravya, King, 397-398, 444nn422-424 Kuddālaka, 401, 402

See also brahmin chaplains, seven L

lake(s)/pond(s), 50, 116-117, 118-119, 343, 423n105, 424nn113, 115 Monkey Pond, 125-126

pond of Gaggarā, 358

laymen, 395-397

See also disciple(s), lay, male laypeople, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 424n112, 425n123 See also disciple(s), lay; householder(s) laziness, 304, 429n191 learning, 146, 148, 185, 186, 187, 188, 390, 429n190, 441n371 broad/vast/wide, 5, 10, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 200, 201

through hearing, 5, 10 liberation(s), 36, 37, 45, 46, 47, 49, 57, 78, 79-80, 81, 139, 1540, 141, 180, 225, 226, 263, 272, 288, 289, 295, 296, 297, 298, 321, 322, 348, 357, 364, 365, 388, 412, 413, 422n77, 467

Index

liberation(s) (continued): 428n168, 429n183, 434n263, 441nn366, 370; 443n411 eight, 225-226, 431n213 five bases of, 139-141 of the mind, 49, 8-79, 81, 82, 114, 292, 350, 367, 368, 369, 422n78 peaceful, 113, 184, 292 right, 356, 366, 367

vision of, 388, 443n411 by wisdom, 114, 225, 292, 357, 367, 368-369

Licchavis, 126, 425n127 lion's roar, 264-265, 270, 354, 435n275 See also eloquence/eloquent livelihood, 239, 247

right, 147

Long Life, Master/Prince, 8-13, 417n6 Long Life Span, King/Master, 3-7, 8 -9, 10, 11, 12, 13

wife of, 4, 5, 6-8, 10 loving-kindness, 8, 12, 13, 18, 19, 53, 79, 85, 137, 138, 127, 167, 194, 283, 386, 400-401, 408

M

Madhyama-āgama, 435n279 Pāli parallels, xvii

translation of, xv-xvii transmission of, 443n405 Madhyama-āgama Studies (Anālayo), xvii, 420n45, 439n345 Mahācunda. See Cunda

Mahākaccāna, 167, 327-329, 331 Mahākoṭṭhita, 114-122, 424n117 Mahāmoggallāna, 88, 122-125, 165, 167, 175, 180, 360-363, 426n142, 442n381 and Māra, 404-405, 411-412, 415 Mahānāma, 246-253, 433n245 Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī, 439n349 and Ānanda, 334, 335, 337, 339-340 468

and the Buddha, 332-334, 337, See also nun(s); woman/women malice, 175, 176, 177, 179 See also ill-will

māra(s), 36, 37, 239, 313, 325, 326, 346, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 445n438

See also Black (Kālī); Corrupter (Dūsī) Māra, 44, 66, 67-68, 73, 74-75, 109-112, 263-264, 289, 342, 374, 403-411, 412, 415, 421nn66, 67; 422n73, 434n269, 444n429, 445nn432, 437 material/materiality, 218, 220, 225, 341, 367, 427n157, 430n202 beings, 221, 222, 223, 224 form(s), 44, 45, 47, 238, 243, 245, 420nn46-48

self, 218-219, 220, 430n208 See also immaterial/immateriality medicine, 158, 163, 290, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 336, 419nn37, 39; 426n147

See also requisite(s) meditation, 17, 37, 38, 49, 50, 76, 100, 122, 123, 126, 127, 132, 149, 168, 169, 183, 188, 197, 199, 205, 251, 264, 370, 271, 272, 287, 288, 290, 292, 312, 321, 324, 325, 326, 327, 330, 331, 364, 365, 404, 418n20, 425n121

excessive, on forms, 418-419n27 musing during, 123, 425n121 places conducive to, 57, 58, 124 walking, 123, 425nn121, 122 See also contemplation mental, 136, 159, 389, 418n22 aspiration(s), 93, 158, 159, 164, 165 attitude/disposition, 45, 46, 47, 322 conduct/deeds, 18, 19, 95, 242, 250, 251, 252, 285, 356, 357, 376 feeling(s), 234, 308, 432n232, 437n316

intentions, 293, 294

object(s), 92, 133, 324, 329, 330, 368, 369

purity, 104-105, 230

resolve, 78-79, 81, 82, 83-84, 85 seclusion, 42, 419n40

stability, 173-174

See also mind(s); thought(s) merit/meritorious, 194, 242, 250, 251, 319-320, 383, 436n297, 437n315 acts/deeds, 242, 250, 364, 365 field(s) of, 383-385, 388 of generosity/giving, 9, 371, 372, 378, 389

great, 69, 73, 86, 93, 98, 99, 129, 274, 290, 341, 385, 404, 405

Middle Kingdom, 371, 372 middle way, 173-174

mind(s), xvi, 5, 6, 16, 18, 19, 37, 42, 43, 44, 54, 55, 56, 79, 88, 90, 92, 93, 94, 98, 99, 105, 109, 123, 124, 133-134, 140, 142-143, 148, 160-163, 166, 167, 170, 171, 180-181, 182, 183, 185-186, 188, 190, 193, 194, 195, 226, 227, 228, 230, 234-235, 239, 246, 247, 248, 257, 258, 260, 261, 262, 270, 276, 278, 279, 280, 281-282, 286, 291, 293, 294, 295-298, 322, 330, 331, 332, 348, 351, 354, 364, 365, 366, 369, 377, 391-392, 393, 419n42, 434n265

afflictions/defilements/unwholesome states in, 20, 21-28, 31, 44, 56, 92, 93, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 112-113, 115 -121, 124, 125, 142-145, 153, 154, 155-158, 180-181, 182, 190, 234-235, 239, 246, 247, 248, 260, 304, 351, 365, 387, 388, 391-393, 402, 407, 408, 409, 410

agitation/lack of ease in/restless/troubled/ upset, 124-125, 261, 365, 445n432 Index

boundless/broad/expansive, 44, 53, 79, 94, 109, 110, 111, 112, 138, 194, 234, 283, 408, 409

calmed/established/settled/pacified/un troubled, 50, 123, 132-139, 141, 142, 146-148, 226, 227, 237, 261, 368, 369, 387, 388, 389, 420n56 concentrated/concentration of, 28, 29, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 94, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 120, 121, 136, 140, 141, 180, 234, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 262, 286, 295, 296, 297, 298, 348, 350, 354, 423n91 consciousness, 137, 329, 330 contact, 134, 212

control of/guarding/taming, 44, 50, 51, 52, 53, 92, 102, 153-154, 228, 257, 258

cultivating, 189-190, 412, 428n170 defiled/impure, 152, 153, 154, 191-192, 201, 203, 234, 304, 305, 443n410 of deva(s), 82, 84, 86, 399 distracted, 37, 38, 41, 42, 234 examining one's own, 302-304, 304-306 free of indolence/negligence, 21-28, 32-36, 43, 50, 54, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 259, 260, 292, 366

full of/imbued with compassion, 53, 79, 89, 194, 283, 386, 408-409 full of/imbued with loving-kindness, 53, 79, 89, 137-138, 194, 283, 386, 408 higher state(s) of, four, 38-40, 184, 253-258, 385, 386-388

imperturbability of, 94, 95, 366, 367, 369, 378

liberated/liberation of, 43, 49, 78-79, 81-82, 94, 95, 114, 139, 140, 141, 143, 235, 263, 287, 292, 350, 353, 367, 368, 369, 378, 422n78 narrow, 94, 109, 110, 111, 234 469

Index

mind(s) (continued):

and objects (mental/mind), 92, 235, 324, 329, 330, 368, 369

purified/purifying/purity of, 28, 31, 45, 46, 47, 89-92, 93-94, 95, 247, 262, 286, 386

and sense of identity, 145-146 single/unified, 19, 99, 100, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258

tranquility, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 429-430n195

undefiled/without defilement(s), 94, 95, 105, 152, 153, 154, 155, 192-193, 202, 203, 225, 226, 230, 234, 353 without dejection, 50, 51, 52, 53 without desire(s), 38, 39, 94, 142, 160-163, 182, 183, 234, 262 See also body, mental/mind-made; body, speech, and mind; knowledge(s), supernormal (six), of the minds of others; sense bases/ objects, six; sense organs; thought(s) mindful/mindfulness, 92, 93, 105, 141, 146, 148, 170, 185, 186, 187, 188, 201, 202, 203, 204, 226, 228, 230, 231, 234-237, 261, 262, 304, 305, 321, 322, 348, 403, 419n41, 437nn303, 311; 441n371

of the body, 99-114, 227-237, 423nn89, 103; 431n218

of breathing, 102, 228, 423n89, 431nn218, 224

as factor of awakening, 146, 236 right, 20, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 50, 51, 52, 83, 88, 124, 147, 159-160, 164-154, 166, 195, 201, 202, 203, 204, 262, 278, 279, 282, 295-298, 302-303, 305, 353, 405, 406

wrong, 37, 38, 41, 42

See also awakening, factors of (seven)/ seven treasures of; eightfold path; 470

five faculties; four establishments of mindfulness/four satipaṭṭhānas miserliness, 208, 209-210 monastic(s), 424n112, 425n123, 426n147, 429n187, 432n231, 435n282 See also monk(s); nun(s) monk(s), xvii, 13-14, 17, 32, 37, 40-48, 50, 54-56, 59-63, 65, 87-89, 97-99, 109-115, 122, 124-126, 128, 132, 136-141, 156-158, 160-170, 174, 175, 180, 184, 188-191, 195, 196, 200-202, 204, 217, 222-228, 235-238, 243-246, 253-260, 262-264, 269, 270, 288, 290-312, 314, 321-326, 331-333, 342, 343, 345, 349-350, 352, 354-360, 364, 366, 367, 369-371, 374-375, 378, 383, 385, 390, 391, 395, 402, 403, 408, 410-413, 415, 417n2, 419n38, 420n53, 421n60, 422n77, 426n148, 427nn156, 160; 429n186, 431n212, 433n231, 436nn296-298, 301; 437n304, 441nn373-375, 379; 442nn382, 383 and Ānanda, 313, 438n323 arahant, 225, 226, 376

and Cunda, 180-183

and Dhammika, 395-396, 399 elder, 114, 422n77

and heterodox practitioners, 238, 265-267, 432n239 and householders, 124, 157, 162, 445nn433,435

of Kosambī, quarreling among, 3, 13-14, 16, 418n13

and Mahākaccāna, 327, 328, 329-331 and Mahāmoggalana, 175-180, 360, 442n381

and Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī, 337-339 and Māra, 66-67, 415, 445n432 and mindfulness of the body, practice/ cultivation of, 99-108, 112-114, 227-234, 423n103

and nuns, 336-337, 340

and Sāriputta, 151, 155-158, 160, 161-165, 170, 173-174, 202-204, 427n162, 429n193

younger, teaching to, 132-139, 141, 146-149, 340

See also disciple(s); four assemblies; monastic(s)

moral habits, 367, 368

See also precepts

morality, 127, 146, 189-190, 195, 388, 389, 420n56, 443n411

mountain(s), 57, 58, 66, 87, 88, 93, 97, 99, 103, 104, 118, 119, 124, 131, 149, 188, 229, 242, 250, 251, 264, 271, 272, 287, 288, 321, 324, 331, 347, 368, 369, 376, 405, 433nn243, 250 Crocodile Hill/Mount Crocodile/Suṃsumāragiri/Suṃsumāra Mountain, 37, 40, 122, 151, 122, 403 Mount Sumeru, 412

Mount Vebhāra, 251

Mount Vulture Peak, 165, 433n252, 442nn384, 386; 444n420

See also cave(s)

Mūgapakkha, 401, 402

See also brahmin chaplains, seven music, 5, 6, 10, 11, 346, 412, 414, 417n4 N

Nādika, 333

Naḷakapāna, 421n61

name-and-form, 135, 212, 213-214, 430nn199, 207

See also dependent arising Nandiya, 17, 18, 19, 32, 54 Nātaputta, 251, 433n253 negligence, 20, 173, 259, 260, 292, 366 as mental defilement, 192, 193, 194 Nigaṇṭhas, 251-253, 433nn253, 254 See also heterodox, practitioner(s)/ wanderers

Index

Nigrodha, 271-289, 435nn280, 281, 287, 288; 436n290

Nikāyas, xv, xvii

Aṅguttara-nikāya, xvii

Saṃyutta-nikāya, xvii

See also Āgamas

nirvana, 99, 168, 169, 217, 255, 259, 260, 261, 295, 296, 297, 298, 322, 332, 347, 367, 390, 429nn187, 192; 430n196 acts/attitudes/qualities conducive to, 198, 199

acts/attitudes/qualities not conducive to, 196, 197, 198

final/remainderless/without remainder, 42, 44, 47-48, 49, 113, 125, 181, 182, 183, 270, 291, 320 in the Pure Abodes, 60, 61, 62, 64 unsurpassable, 139, 140, 141, 171 See also extinction; penetration, awakening, and nirvana noble one(s), 75-76, 95, 262, 285, 350, 351, 352, 388, 403, 414 four pairs/eight classes of, 387-388, 443n411

noble silence, 17

nonaffliction, 442n388

devas of, 71, 72, 293, 294 See also affliction(s)

nonanxiety/nonvexation, 71, 72, 293, 294 nonconfusion/unconfused, 352, 442n388 nonexistence, 267-268, 325, 326 nonperception, 323, 325, 326 See also sphere(s), of neither-perceptionnor-nonperception nonreturners/nonreturning, 40, 54, 60, 61, 62, 64, 113, 139, 237, 291, 384, 387, 423-424n106, 436n297 See also four fruits

nose, 92, 133, 134, 235, 241, 247, 250, 263, 309, 324, 329, 330, 332, 368 See also odors; sense bases/objects, six 471

Index

no-self/not-self, 139, 148, 322, 352-353 Numerical Discourses of the Buddha (Bodhi), 437n311, 440nn361, 362 nun(s), 61-62, 138, 139, 140, 141, 158, 163, 202, 203, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 336-340, 371, 432n231, 439n348 ordination of, 336, 337, 338, 339 See also eight garudhammas/rules of respect; four assemblies; Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī; monastic(s); woman/ women

nymph(s), 67, 73, 74, 413 O

obstacle(s), eight, 370-372 obstruction(s), 44, 142, 143, 144, 145, 357 odors, 92, 133, 247, 263, 309, 310, 324, 368, 369

See also nose; sense bases/objects, six offense(s), 360, 396, 397 serious (saṅghādisesa), 337, 338, 402, 403

See also transgression(s) offering(s), 124, 276, 277, 280, 281, 289, 336, 348, 367, 371, 372, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 388, 422n86, 436n292

old age, 311, 344, 345, 440n357 and death, 135, 206-207, 345 See also birth, old age, disease, and death; dependent arising omniscience, 323, 433n253, 438n333 once-returner(s)/once-returning, 60, 62, 63, 64, 113, 139, 291, 384, 387, 423-424n106, 433n245, 436n297 See also four fruits

one-seeder, 384, 443n404 See also stream-enterer(s)/stream-entry P

pain, 94, 174, 206, 215, 216, 239, 242, 472

243, 250, 251, 252, 262, 268, 284, 438n319

of devas, 33, 34, 35, 36, 419n34 extreme/severe, 112, 242, 243, 250, 251, 290, 311

See also feeling(s), three types of Pajāpati, 67, 69, 71, 72, 293, 294 Pāli, xvi, xvii, 418n23, 420n55 discourses/parallel(s)/versions, xv, xvii, 417nn1, 2; 419nn31, 36; 420nn45, 54, 57; 421nn60, 61, 65, 70; 422nn74, 88; 423n103, 424nn111, 117, 118; 425nn125, 129; 426n141, 427nn155, 163; 428nn169, 174, 176, 177; 429nn185, 187, 188, 193; 430n197, 431n215, 432n238, 433n244, 434nn259, 264, 265, 267, 270; 435nn276, 281, 286; 436nn292, 294, 300; 437nn302, 305, 309, 313; 438nn322, 329, 331; 439nn338, 345, 346; 440nn354, 358, 361; 441nn364, 369, 372, 378; 442nn384, 391, 393; 443nn398, 402, 406; 444nn415, 420; 445nn428, 432

Vinaya, 417nn3-12

See also sutta(s)

Pali Text Society, xvii

Pañcakaṅga, 422n75

Paṇḍuputta, 427n152

parents, 55, 364, 365, 386, 417n11, 444n418

See also family(ies); relatives parinirvāṇa. See nirvana, final/remainder less/without remainder Pasenadi, King, 346

path, 15, 16, 37, 38, 41-42, 55, 226, 247, 264, 266, 306-307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 332, 335, 347, 355, 384, 387, 401, 434n268

of/to awakening, 255, 288, 370, 371, 372, 435n289

bad/evil/false/wrong, 186, 263, 264, 434n268

ceasing/stopping practice of, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 364, 365

to the cessation of dukkha, 95, 137, 262, 286, 307, 312

to the cessation of taints, 95, 263, 287, 306, 307

companions on, 265, 286, 269, 270 of Dharma, leader on, 269, 286, 370, 371, 372, 387

going forth/becoming homeless/leaving home to train in, 13, 43, 50, 54, 55, 89, 99, 128, 174, 191, 246, 247, 292, 295, 296, 299, 300, 301, 322, 326, 327, 329, 330, 332, 333, 334, 335, 337, 339, 341, 343, 366 heterodox, 265, 270

to pure imperturbability, pure neitherperception-nor-nonperception, pure nothingness, 44-49

requisites of/what is needed for, 15, 16, 32, 295-301

right, 186, 263, 264, 434n268 tenfold, 354

See also eightfold path patience, 3, 13, 14, 148 pātimokkha. See rules, code of; Vinaya peace, 166, 169, 170, 171, 195, 251, 253, 272, 287, 288, 341, 352, 353, 364, 378, 391, 397, 409

of dispassion, 345

of nirvana, 295, 296, 297, 298, 367 of tranquility, 56, 57

penetration, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 238 penetration, awakening, and nirvana, 173, 174, 191, 255

See also understanding, awakening, and realization

Index

perception(s), 45-46, 47, 49, 71, 81, 82, 133, 148, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 293, 306, 308-309, 321, 322, 326, 327, 329, 330, 345, 353, 405, 406, 420nn48, 52; 424-425n120, 425nn122, 128; 439n340

bodily inertia affecting, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 418n23 of diversity, 27, 28, 31 five, 139

of form(s), 45, 46, 47, 49, 127, 138, 184, 221, 223, 225, 309 of foulness/impurity, 127, 139, 159, 164, 322

four, 137, 308

of imperturbability, 45, 47, 49 of light, 81, 82, 88, 105, 123, 170, 230, 424-425n120, 425n122

of nothingness, 46, 47, 49, 127, 138, 308 of purity, 159, 164, 293 sensual, 45, 46, 47, 49, 420nn46, 47 six, 134, 437n317

Perception (disciple), 405, 406 phenomena, 183, 321-322, 326, 327, 329, 331

impermanent/rise and fall of, 215, 216, 368, 369

insight into, 302-303, 429-430n195 pleasure(s), 94, 180, 215, 216, 239, 243, 245, 262, 284, 379, 380, 381 382, 412 born of the absence of rapture, 104, 229-230

born of concentration, 103, 104, 229 born of seclusion, 103, 229 of devas, 33, 34, 35, 36, 413, 419n34 See also sensual pleasure(s) poverty, 55, 374-377

power(s), 126, 265, 270, 341, 344, 347, 404, 405, 411

five, 141-142

seven, 146

473

Index

power(s) (continued):

supernormal, 15, 69, 72, 86, 93, 97-98, 99, 113, 136, 274, 289, 292, 399, 400, 404, 405, 414

four bases of, 136-137

See also will-power

precepts, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 89, 96, 97, 196, 198, 200-201, 266, 290, 291, 292, 335, 336, 367, 375, 390 abandoning, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 364, 365 breach of/breaking/transgressing, 96-97, 155, 160, 196, 198

five, 443n409

virtue(s) of, 265, 266, 269, 270 See also moral habits; rules, code of; Vinaya

pride, 173, 185, 186, 187, 188, 344, 345, 351, 352, 358, 425n123, 440n357 ground(s) for, 425nn130-132; 426nn134-137

as mental defilement, 192, 193, 194 proliferation, 38, 41, 42, 43, 419n42 conceptual, 434n272, 439nn340, 341 Puṇṇaputta, 165-166

Pure Abodes, 60, 61, 62, 64 purification, by bathing, 191, 194, 195 See also heterodox

purity, 31, 71, 72, 125, 127, 225, 262, 273, 293, 294, 306, 319, 333, 334 of conduct, 168, 169

mental/of the mind, 45-47, 104-105, 230

perception(s) of, 159, 160, 293 Q

qualities, 175, 176, 303-304, 305-306, 414, 425n132, 427n165, 428nn172, 175; 429n190

attractive and repulsive, 106, 231 bad/evil, 197, 198, 317, 318, 429n187 eight extraordinary, 442n383 pure, 315, 316, 318, 320, roots of, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320 that make a person difficult/easy to admonish, 175-177, 427n166, 428n167

unwholesome, 315-320, 438n325 wholesome, 199, 200, 315-320, 438n327 quarrel(s)/quarreling, 3, 14, 16, 44, 138, 208, 209, 240, 248-249, 325, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331

See also argumentation; disputatious(ness)

R

rains retreat, 40, 43, 175, 332, 333, 354, 427n164

and nuns, 336, 338

rapture, 103, 104, 127, 180, 229-230, 262, 344, 425n128, 434n266 concentration conjoined with, 51, 52, 53, 262, 419n30, 421nn58, 59 realization, 286, 287, 292, 323, 366, 367, 368, 371, 372, 373

of awakening, 20, 32, 36, 37, 226, 227 of destruction of the taints, 286 of higher/of supernormal knowledge, powers, 92, 93, 97, 98, 262 realm(s), 65, 66, 68, 113, 291, 415, 418n14, 426n143

bad, 95, 152, 153, 154, 186, 191, 192, 242, 251, 285, 307, 312, 313, 314, 317, 318, 320, 376, 385, 389, 393, 404, 405, 407

Brahmā, 73

desire, 221, 222

of devas of radiance, 80-81, 82-83, 84, 86

good, 95, 153, 154, 192, 193, 285, 290, 291, 307, 320, 392, 409 474

heavenly, 113, 192, 193, 285, 290, 291, 421n68, 444n425

hell, 191, 192

human, 113, 252, 291 lower, 444n425

of animals, 370

of hungry ghosts, 370 of nothingness, 224

rebirth, 43, 345, 407, 419n34, 426n143, 438n334, 444n425, 445n438 among/as animal(s), 307, 310, 376, 385, 388

in bad realms, 385

in the Brahmā world, 400, 401 in heaven, 307, 311

in the Heaven of Streaming Radiance, 400, 401

in hell, 307, 310, 385, 388 among/as human being(s), 307, 311 among/as hungry ghost(s), 307, 310, 376, 385, 388

among nymphs, 73, 74 See also birth

recitation, 355, 371, 372, 424n119 refuge, 242, 250

in the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha, 195, 335-336

regret, 49, 149, 188, 242, 251, 264, 321, 324, 377, 433n250

relatives, 55, 89, 181, 182, 240, 248, 290, 386, 428n173, 436n297 See also family(ies); parents release, 65-66, 68-69 five elements of, 142-146 Reṇu, King, 444n426

renunciant(s), 18, 36, 37, 67, 68, 69, 71, 73, 74-75, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 158-159, 164-165, 239, 243, 245, 246, 263, 274, 285, 293, 311, 313, 325, 326, 341, 346, 397, 398, 399, Index

400, 406, 407, 422n77, 427n153 acts/attitudes conducive for, 198-199 acts/attitudes not conducive for, 196-197 and ascetic practices, 276-277, 278, 280, 281-282

corrupt/disgraced, 361, 362, 363 and types of clinging, 268-269 Dharma of, 397, 399, 400 diligent, 341, 407, 408, 409, 410 four fruits of, 139, 439n346 women's attainment of, 332-333, 334 four levels of, 265, 270 four practices of, 283, 284, 285 goal of, 299-301

and Māra, 404-405, 445n432 and the māra Corrupter, 406-408, 409-410 and mindfulness of the body, 109-112 offerings to, 379-382 true, 265, 270

and views, 267-268

wise, 158-159, 160, 164, 165 See also disciple(s); Gotama; monastic(s); monk(s); nun(s); Perception; Soṇa Kolivīsa

renunciation, 242-243, 442n388 happiness of, 56, 57 See also household/household life, giving up/leaving

reputation, 277, 281 bad, 392, 393

good/high, 167, 271, 392 requisite(s), 15, 16, 32, 93, 158, 163, 290, 295-296, 297-298, 299, 300, 301, 336, 425n133, 426n147, 436nn297, 301; 437n304 resentment, 8, 12, 14, 53, 79, 138, 173, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 194, 283, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331, 408, 409 resistance, 213, 221, 223, 225, 430n206 475

Index

restlessness, 184, 185, 186, 187, 201, 202, 203, 429n191, 429-430n195 See also agitation

restlessness-and-worry, 85, 93, 236, 358 as mental defilement, 191, 192, 193 restraint, 14, 92, 168, 169, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200-201, 271, 421nn62, 63; 425n128

See also four practices/restraints Revata, 167

right comprehension, 20, 43, 50, 51, 52, 53, 88, 92, 93, 124, 138, 139, 159, 160, 164, 165, 166, 195, 201, 202, 203, 204, 262, 302, 303, 305, 361, 362, 363, 367, 442n383 and practice of asceticism, 278, 279, 282 river(s), 109, 407

Aciravatī River, 312

Bāhukā River, 194, 195 Eastern River, 346

Ganges River, 50

Nerañjarā River, 191

robe(s), 17, 41, 87, 88, 92, 99, 101, 125, 130, 138, 152, 155, 165, 227, 247, 272, 275, 290, 295, 296, 299, 300, 303, 305, 312, 326, 346, 355, 357, 359, 361, 362, 363, 396, 400, 405, 406, 407, 408, 410, 437n312 of Anuruddha, 38, 43, 77, 87, 87-88, 97, 99

of the Buddha/World-honored One, 15, 17, 18, 88, 99, 170, 324, 325, 333 cloth for, 87, 88, 98-99 coarse/patchwork/rag, 38, 130, 138, 274-275, 426n135

excellent, 158, 163, 426n147 three, 87, 88, 130

inner, 88, 123, 170

outer, 15, 18, 88, 92, 101, 123, 170, 227, 361, 362, 363

476

yellow, 43, 50, 54, 55, 89, 174, 191, 292, 332, 333, 334, 366, 439n347 See also requisite(s)

rules, 268, 269, 430n205, 436n292 code of, 89, 355, 359, 360, 361, 442n380 See also eight garudhammas/rules of respect

S

Sahajāti, 428n169

Sāketa, 54

Sakka, 342, 398-399, 412-414, 444n424 Sakyan(s), 15, 246, 247, 253, 324, 325, 326, 332, 333

See also Bhagu; Daṇḍapāṇi; Mahānāma

Samīti, 427n152

Sandhāna, 435nn277, 281, 288 sangha, 14, 100, 155, 160, 325, 360, 363, 387-388, 389

See also Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha Sañjīva, 445n431

Sāriputta, 167, 174, 385, 390, 427nn158-160, 162; 443n407 and the Buddha/World-honored One, 355-357, 385-389

on defilements, 151-155 and Mahāmoggallāna, 165-167 on middle way, 173-174 on pure states, 202-204, 429n193 on a teacher of the Dharma, 170-173 Sarvāstivāda, 443n405

seclusion, 37, 38, 41-42, 68, 93, 166, 168, 169-171, 172-173, 205, 290, 346, 369, 419n40, 421n60, 425n128, 435n286, 440n363, 442nn385, 388 delight in/rapture and happiness/pleasure born of, 103, 171, 172, 173, 229, 344, 348, 366, 367 See also solitary place(s)

self, 46, 71-72, 183, 214, 215-221, 293-294, 420n50, 430nn203, 208, 209; 431nn211, 213, 214

clinging to, 268-270, 430n208, 434n273

immaterial and material, boundless/ unlimited and limited, 218-221 See also "I"-conceit; view(s), related to personality/of self

self-mastery/self-restraint, 258, 271 See also restraint

self-mortification, 273-275, 279, 283-285, 292, 435nn283, 285, 287 See also asceticism/ascetic practice(s) sense(s)/sense faculties/sense spheres, 92, 93, 123, 127, 166, 243, 368, 405, 406, 430n202, 432n235, 439n336 six, 57, 133, 135, 148, 432n235 See also sense bases/objects, six; sense organs

sense bases/objects, six, 133, 324, 368, 430n204, 432n235, 437n317 See also bases; consciousness(es), six types; dependent arising sense organs, 439n342

See also body(ies); ear(s); eye(s); mind(s); nose; tongue

sensual passion, anger/hatred, and delusion/ignorance, 60, 62, 63, 64, 113, 128, 129, 130, 131, 291, 350, 425n128 See also defilement(s), three, of greed, hatred, and delusion

sensual pleasure(s), 44, 45, 47, 238-239, 240-243, 247, 248-251, 253, 268-269, 306-307,309-310, 324, 344, 345, 347, 349, 364, 365, 377, 378-383, 420nn46, 48; 432n240, 433nn246, 247, 251; 435n286, 437nn314, 316 five cords of, 239, 263 See also sensual passion, anger/hatred, and delusion/ignorance; sexual Index

seven treasures:

of awakening, 354

of kings, 97, 397

seven wholesome states, 354, 441n371 sexual, 89

desire(s), 89, 349

misconduct, 335, 336, 386 See also desire(s); sensual pleasure(s) shame and scruple(s), 89, 173, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182-183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 196, 197, 198, 199, 394, 428n172 sign(s), 20, 30, 194, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 386

for concentration/meditation, 123, 140-141 five, 254-258

language, 371, 372

reviewing, 105, 231

silence, 238, 252, 253, 271, 418n20, 441n379

obstinate, 351, 363

See also noble silence

skeleton(s), 107-108, 233, 244 See also cemetery(ies); charnel grounds; corpse

skillful means, 16, 40, 87, 289, 385 sloth-and-torpor, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 56, 85, 93, 184, 185, 186, 187, 201, 202, 203, 236, 304, 305 as mental defilement, 191, 192, 193 See also drowsiness

solitary place(s), 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 43, 50, 54 See also seclusion

Soṇa Kolivīsa, 364-366, 369-370, 442nn385-387

sound(s), 6, 8, 92, 94, 114, 120-121, 133, 247, 263, 309, 310, 324, 362, 365, 368, 369, 425n128

See also ear(s); sense bases/objects, six 477

Index

speech, 56, 90, 91, 188, 189, 352, 377, 393, 414

divisive, 90, 185, 186, 187, 188, 208, 209, 278, 282, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331

false, 89-90, 185, 186, 187, 187, 188, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331, 335, 336, 386

frivolous, 90, 185, 186, 187, 188, 278, 282

harsh, 90, 185, 186, 187, 188, 278, 282 right, 147

See also body, speech, and mind; eightfold path sphere(s), 45, 46, 47, 70, 221-222, 224-225, 431n213 of boundless/infinite consciousness, 127, 131, 221, 223, 224, 225, 293, 294 of boundless/infinite space, 127, 131, 221, 223, 224, 293, 294 of neither-perception-nor-nonperception, 47, 48, 127, 131, 132, 138, 184, 222, 224-225, 293, 294, 323, 353 of nothingness, 46, 47, 48, 49, 127, 131, 221, 222, 224, 225, 293, 294, 308 See also sense(s)/sense faculties/sense spheres

spirit(s), 67, 69, 71, 72, 206, 207, 275, 293, 294

stealing, 283, 284, 285, 386, 435n286 See also taking what is not given stingy/stinginess, 278, 282, 351, 363, 378, 386

stream-enterer(s)/stream-entry, 60, 62, 63, 65, 113, 139, 291, 384, 385, 387, 414, 423-424n106, 436n297, 443n404

See also four fruits; one-seeder stupidity, 278-279, 282 See also ignorance

Suddhodana, 343, 344

478

suffering, 39, 53, 57, 90, 160, 165, 168, 226, 239, 247, 317, 318, 377, 403, 407, 432n240, 433n247

extreme/immeasurable, 240, 241, 242, 249, 250, 251, 253, 275, 290, 312, 404, 405

See also dukkha

Sundarika, 194-195

Sunetta, 400-401, 402, 444n425 See also brahmin chaplain(s), seven superhuman state, 19-20 supernormal means, 442n386, 444n424 See also knowledge(s), supernormal; power(s), supernormal

suttas:

Adhikaraṇa-sutta, 429nn185-187 Ākhaṅkheyya-sutta, 436nn294, 296-298 Akkhaṇa-sutta, 442nn391-392 Anaṅgaṇa-sutta, 426nn141-149; 427nn150-152, 154

Āneñjasappāya-sutta, 420nn45-48, 50-53 Anumāna-sutta, 427nn163-167, 428n168

Anuruddha-sutta, 419nn36-42, 420n43, 422nn74-75, 77-86

Arahanta-sutta, 441nn369-371 Bālapaṇḍita-sutta, 433nn243, 250 Bhikkhu-sutta, 420nn54, 56 Brahmanimantaṇika-sutta, 421nn65-69, 71; 422n73

Chachakka-sutta, 426n140 Cūḷadukkhakkhandha-sutta, 433nn244-248, 250-256; 433-434n257, 434n258

Cūḷasīhanāda-sutta, 434nn270, 272; 435nn273-275

Dakkhiṇāvibhaṅga-sutta, 439n349 Dakkiṇeyyā-sutta, 443nn402, 403 Dhammadāyāda-sutta, 427nn155-160, 162

Dhammika-sutta, 444nn420-426 Dvedhāvitakka-sutta, 434nn264-269 Gayā-sutta, 419nn31-35 Gihī-sutta, 443nn406-414 Gotamī-sutta, 439nn345, 347-349; 440nn350-352

Hatthisāriputta-sutta, 424nn111-113, 115-117

Iṇa-sutta, 442nn393-395, 397 Kāmabhogī-sutta, 443nn398, 399, 401 Kaṇṭaka-sutta, 425nn125, 127, 128 Kāraṇḍava-sutta, 441n378, 442n383 Kathāvatthu-sutta, 441nn364-368 Kāyagatāsati-sutta, 422n88, 423nn89-93, 96-98, 101-103, 105; 423-424n106, 431n225, 432n228 Kodhana-sutta, 444nn415, 416, 418 Madhupiṇḍika-sutta, 439nn338, 340-343 Mahācunda-sutta, 428nn169, 170, 172, 173

Mahādukkhakkandha-sutta, 432nn238-241, 433nn243, 246 Mahāgovinda-sutta, 444n426 Mahānidāna-sutta, 430nn197, 199, 201-209; 431nn211-214 Māratajjanīya-sutta, 445nn428-439 Mūlaka-suttas, 438nn329, 330 Mūlapariyāya-sutta, 436n299 Nāga-sutta, 440nn358-361, 363 Naḷakapāna-sutta, 421nn61-64 Nibbedhika-sutta, 437nn313-317, 438nn318, 319, 221

Pacalāyamāna-sutta, 424nn118, 119; 424-425n120, 425nn121-124 Parihāna-sutta, 429nn193-195; 430n196

Pavāraṇā-sutta, 441nn372-377 Purisindriyañāṇa-sutta, 438nn322-328 Sacitta-sutta, 437nn309-312 Index

Sallekha-sutta, 428nn174, 175 Samatha-sutta, 437nn305-307 Saṅgīti-sutta, 441n371 Saṅkhitta-sutta, 420nn54, 56; 421nn58, 59

Sappurisa-sutta, 425nn129-133; 426nn134-139

Satipaṭṭhāna-sutta, 423n100, 431nn215-222, 224, 225; 432nn226, 229-235, 237; 437n316

Soṇa-sutta, 442nn384-390 Sukhumāla-sutta, 440n354, 356, 357 Ṭhiti-sutta, 429nn188-192 Uddaka-sutta, 438nn331-334; 439nn335-337

Udumbarika-sutta, 435nn276, 277, 280-283, 285-289; 436nn290-293 Upakkilesa-sutta, 417n1, 2; 418nn13-17, 19-21, 22, 24-26; 418-419n27, 419nn28, 30

Uposatha-sutta, 441nn378-380; 442nn381-383

Vanapattha-sutta, 436nn300, 301; 436-437n302, 437nn303, 304 Vatthūpama-sutta, 428nn177-180; 429nn181-184

Vitakkasaṇṭhāna-sutta, 434n259, 261, 263 See also Pāli, discourses/parallel(s)/ versions

sword(s), 5-6, 7-8, 11, 89, 208, 209, 240, 241, 249, 386, 397, 417n11 T

taint(s), 57, 95, 113, 127, 142-146, 226, 262-263, 287, 292, 295, 296, 297, 298, 306, 307, 349, 352, 354, 356, 358, 366, 367, 368, 395, 421nn62, 63; 437n314

cessation of, 95, 263, 287, 295, 296, 297, 298, 306, 307, 374 479

Index

taint(s) (continued):

destruction/eradication of, 95, 97, 98, 139, 140, 141, 262, 286, 303, 305, 351, 349, 376, 422n73, 424n110, 434n267, 436n303

freedom/liberation from, 353, 364, 365 and six sense bases, 324, 438n336 three, of existence, ignorance, and sensual desire, 49, 95, 263, 287, 307, 387, 353, 358

taking what is not given, 89, 186, 187, 195, 335, 336, 386

See also stealing

tangible(s), 92, 133, 247, 263, 309, 310, 324, 368-369

See also body(ies); sense bases/objects, six

taste(s), 133, 309, 310, 331-332 See also flavor(s); sense bases/objects, six; tongue

tathāgata(s,) 72, 190, 226, 227, 265, 269, 287, 288, 342, 370, 371, 372, 405, 415, 431n216

See also buddha(s)

Tathāgata, 38, 57, 58, 59, 65, 88, 147, 189-190, 217, 239, 264, 286, 288, 313, 314-320, 347, 360-361, 387, 388, 404, 440n361

See also Buddha; World-honored One teaching(s), 41, 43, 49, 56, 57, 58, 59, 114, 123, 149,161, 166, 170, 171, 180, 181, 182 183, 188, 197, 199, 202, 203, 214, 217, 218, 219, 246, 264, 266, 269, 273, 292, 306, 321, 324, 325, 328, 332, 348, 352, 374, 408, 410, 414, 422n73, 424n119, 425n122, 426n144, 427n159, 429n187, 444n425 eight extraordinary qualities of, 442n383 faith in, 265, 266, 269, 270 to householders, 157, 162, 436n293 480

on the nature of the cloth for robes, 98-99 noble/true/wholesome, 195, 340, 376, 389

wrong, 191, 192, 193

thought(s), 293, 294, 329, 330, 377, 434n265

evil/unwholesome, 102, 113, 155-158, 160-163, 227-228, 254-258 three, 113, 269, 291, 376 of anger/ill-will, 113, 259, 260, 263, 291, 376

of cruelty/harming, 113, 259, 262, 263, 269, 291, 376

of (sensual) desire, 92, 113, 173, 175, 176, 177m 178, 184, 185, 259, 260, 263, 269, 279, 291, 376 inclined toward Dharma, 261-262 mastery over, 258

two types, wholesome and unwholesome, 259-261, 264, 434n268 See also mental; mind(s); sense bases/ objects, six

three characteristics, of impermanent nature, dukkha, and subject to cessation, 45, 46, 47, 49, 441n370 tongue, 92, 133, 134, 212, 235, 247, 263, 309, 324, 329, 330, 332, 368 See also flavor(s); sense bases/objects, six; taste(s)

training, 14, 15, 44-47, 89, 92, 195, 274, 275, 340, 367-368, 384, 417n6, 429n187, 439n350, 442n389, 443n405

acts/qualities conducive to, 198-199 acts/qualities not conducive to, 196-197 beyond, 354, 367, 368, 384, 443n405 in the Dharma, 178, 179, 180 in the path, 55, 295-301, 330 threefold, 354

with utmost diligence, 302, 303, 305

tranquility, 38, 39, 56, 57, 83, 84 abiding/dwelling in, 19-20, 29-32 awakening factor of, 146, 236 of the body, 140, 141 inner/internal, 254-258, 261, 302-303, 429-430n195

See also awakening, factors of (seven)/ seven treasures of

transgression(s), 175, 176, 177, 178. 179. 337, 338, 436n290

See also offense(s)

tree(s), 16, 39, 49,57, 58, 67, 78-79, 81-82, 83, 85, 93, 99, 124, 131, 149, 188, 264, 271, 187, 288, 321 324, 325, 346, 362, 376, 399, 405, 426n137 ajapāla-nigrodha, 191 banyan/royal banyan, 444nn422, 424 Well-established, 397-399 palm, 422n73

rose-apple, 344

sāla, 16, 87, 88, 97, 99 See also forest(s)

True Mind, 270-273, 287, 289 turbidity, 142, 143, 144, 145 See also sloth-and-torpor U

Udāyin, 346 -347, 349 Uddaka Rāmaputta, 323 understanding, awakening, and realization, 366, 367, 368, 371, 372, 373 See also penetration, awakening, and nirvana

unwholesome/unwholesomeness, 167, 253, 318, 350, 376, 377, 436n28 action(s)/conduct/deeds/karma, 189, 195, 251, 252, 371, 372, 373, 377, 394, 395, 415

qualities, 303, 306, 315-316, 317, 318, 319-320, 438n326

roots, 318, 319, 320, 438nn325, 326 Index

states, 38, 42, 44, 92, 93, 113, 136, 137, 138, 155-158, 184, 201-202, 203, 208-209, 245, 253, 259, 260, 261, 262, 286, 291, 303, 304, 305, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331, 344, 387, 388, 407, 408, 409, 410, 434n266 thought(s), 227, 228, 254-258 three, 264, 291, 376, 423-424n106, 424n107, 434n268

See also wholesome

Upacāla, 125

Upariṭṭha, 125

V

Vajjīs, 312

Vaṅgīsa, 357, 441n377 Vejayanta Palace, 412, 413-414 Vidhura, 445n430

view(s), 49, 183-184, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 267, 351, 371, 372, 414-415, 435n285

clinging to/conducive to clinging, 268, 269, 270-271, 278, 281, 282, 430n203

evil, 180-183, 189, 190, 363 extreme 278, 281-282, false/perverted/wrong, 65, 95, 264, 278, 281, 282, 285, 371, 372, 403, 442n392

as mental defilement, 191, 192, 193 related to personality/of self, 214, 215-217, 218-219, 220-221, 278, 282, 282, 430nn208, 209; 431nn211, 213 right/straight, 95, 147, 174, 264, 285, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 372, 402, 420n56

two, of existence and nonexistence, 267-268

underlying tendency to, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331

See also eightfold path 481

Index

Vinaya, 417nn2-12, 426n134, 439n351 virtue(s), 271, 348, 351, 402, 428n170, 429n190, 441n379

great, 69, 73, 86, 93, 98, 99, 274, 341, 404, 405

noble aggregate of, 92, 93 of precepts, 265, 266, 269, 270 Voice (disciple), 405, 410-411 volition/volitional, 148, 256, 257, 258, 353

W

wealth/wealthy, 9, 10, 11, 12, 89, 93, 181, 182, 183, 239, 247, 248, 364, 365, 373, 374, 377, 379, 381, 382, 383, 392, 393, 397, 442-443n400, 443n416 in accordance with and contrary to the Dharma, 378-383

seven types of, 146

Well-gone One, 18, 68, 133, 147, 195, 314, 347, 357, 370, 371, 372, 387, 390 See also Buddha; Tathāgata; Worldhonored One wheel-turning monarch(s), 342, 356, 358, 397, 444n423

wholesome, 15, 167, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 288, 289, 315, 316, 350, 436n292 actions/deeds, 189, 371, 372, 373 factors/dharmas, 50, 227, 228 mental aspirations, 164-165 qualities, 199, 200, 303, 306, 315-316, 317, 318, 319-320, 438n327 roots, 42, 315, 316, 317m 438n327 state(s), 39-40, 42, 53-54, 55, 93, 102, 109, 136, 138, 160-163, 185, 186, 187, 188, 200-202, 204, 302, 303, 305, 375, 419n37, 429n189, 442n394 seven, 354, 441n371

teachings, 195, 389

thoughts, three, 264, 434n268 wisdom, 186, 187, 188

482

will-power, 102, 228

wisdom, 37, 38, 41, 42, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 93, 113, 141, 146, 166, 189, 200, 201, 202, 203, 226, 227, 259, 267, 268, 272, 286, 292, 321, 322, 323, 335, 336, 348, 356, 375, 377, 383, 388, 390, 395, 415, 429n190, 437n311, 441n371, 442n394, 443n411 cultivating/developing, 166, 189-190. 260, 261, 428n170

eye of, 414

faulty, 185, 186, 187, 188, 201, 202, 203, 204, 304, 305

higher/supreme, of insight into phenomena, 302-303, 429-430n195 liberation by/for the sake of liberation, 45, 46, 47, 112, 225, 292, 357, 367, 368, 369, 384, 441n375

noble/true/unsurpassable, 42, 96, 97, 356 penetrating/penetrative, 43, 356 power of, 141, 146

wholesome, 186, 187, 188

See also five faculties

woman/women, 77, 271, 274, 339, 344, 386, 391, 392, 393, 397, 427n154, 429n191, 429-430n195, 432n242, 437n310

arahantship/awakening of, 332, 333, 334, 439n349

eight rules of respect for, 336-337, 338-339

five positions not attainable by, 342 and leaving home to practice the path, 332-333, 334-335, 337, 341 See also Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī; nun(s) world(s), 8, 20, 36, 37, 43, 46, 53, 60, 61, 63, 64, 70, 71, 79, 90, 97, 113, 125, 138, 139, 151, 169, 170, 171, 183, 190, 194, 205, 217, 239, 269, 283, 286, 291, 293, 294, 313, 322, 323, 325, 326, 346, 349, 353, 354, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374,

375, 377, 379, 383, 386, 387, 388, 394, 397, 405, 408, 413, 415, 425n124, 431n217, 445n436

Brahmā, 65, 73, 93, 400, 401, 405, 414 eon(s), of contraction and expansion, 94, 284

heavenly, 392, 409 World-honored One, 17-18, 32, 44, 50, 54, 55, 82, 84, 86, 98, 99-101, 109, 110, 111, 112, 115, 116, 126-128, 131-132, 156, 161, 167-171, 174, 188-190, 191, 196, 200, 226, 238, 253, 259, 264-265, 270-272, 287, 290, 293, 295, 299, 302, 304, 306, 321, 323-332, 337-339, 343, 345, 349, 351, 352, 355, 359-360, 363, 364, 369, 370, 373-377, 383, 384, 389, 391, 393 and Ānanda, 40-41, 47-49, 87-88, 97, 132-149, 190, 205-214, 217-218, 219, 312-321, 334-337, 340 and Anāthapiṇḍika, 379-382, 383-384 and Anuruddha, 18-32, 37-40, 55-65, 88, 97-98

and Bhagu, 15-16

and Brahmā, 66, 68-73 and Cunda, 183

and Daṇḍapāṇi, 325 and Dhammika, 396-402 and Isidatta, 75-76 and the Kosambī monks, 3-15 and the Licchavis, 126 and Mahāmoggallāna, 88, 122-125, 360-363

Index

and Mahānāma, 246-253 and Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī, 332-334 and Māra, 66, 67-68, 73-75 and Nigrantha, 272-289 and Sāriputta, 170, 174, 355-357, 385-390 and Soṇa Kolivīsa, 364-368 and Sundarika, 1912-195 and True Mind, 270, 289 and Udāyin, 346-347 and Vaṅgīsa, 357

See also Buddha; Tathāgata worldly/worldliness, 44, 124, 190, 234, 271, 308, 390

worldly person/worldling(s), 311, 344, 345, 374, 377, 433n245, 440n357, 444n418

worship/worshiper: of fire/fire-, 99, 275 of the sun and moon, 275 of water, 275

See also ascetic(s)/asceticism/ascetic practice(s); heterodox, practitioner(s)/ wanderers

Y

Yasa, 125

Yaśomitra, 443n405 Z

Zhong ahan jing. See Madhyama-āgama 483