Madhyamakāloka

yānānāṃ nāsti vai niṣṭhā yāvaccittaṃ pravartate / citte tu vai parāvṛtte na yānaṃ na ca yāninaḥ / yānavyavasthānaṃ naivāsti yānabhedaṃ vadāmyaham / parikarṣaṇārthaṃ bālānā yānabhedaṃ vadāmyaham" //

ata eva āryasaddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtrādau ekayānanirdeśo naiva neyārtha iti pratipāditam tathā hi -

"evaṃ rūpeṣu śāriputra, kalpasaṃkṣobhakaṣāyeṣu bahusattveṣu lubdheṣvalpakuśalamūleṣu tadā śāriputar, tathāgatā arhantaḥ samyaksaṃbuddhāṃ upāyajauśalyena tadaivaikaṃ buddhayanaṃ triyānanirdeśena nirdiśanti" /

punaśca

"imeṣu buddhadharmeṣu śraddadhādhvaṃ me śāriputra, pattīyatāvakalpayata / na hi śāriputra, tathāgatānāṃ mṛṣāvādaḥ saṃvidyate / ekamevedaṃ śāriputra, yānaṃ yadidaṃ buddhāyānam" /

punaśca

ye bhunti hīnābhiratā avidvasū acīrṇacaryā bahubuddhakoṭiṣu / saṃsāralagnaśca suduḥkhitāśca nirvāṇa teṣāmupardarśayāmi //

upāyametaṃ kurute svayambhū bauddhasya jñānasya prabodhanārtham / na cāpi teṣāṃ pravade kadācid yuṣme 'pi buddhā iha loki bheṣyatha //

kiṃ kāraṇaṃ kālamavekṣya tāyī kṣaṇaṃ ca dṛṣṭvā tatu paśca bhāṣate / so 'yaṃ kṣaṇo adya kathañci labdho vadāmi yeneha ca bhūtaścayam //

bauddhasya jñānasya prakāśanārthaṃ loke samutpadyati lokanāthaḥ / ekaṃ hi yānaṃ dvitiyaṃ na vidyate na hīnayānena nayanti buddhāḥ //

pratoṣṭhito yatra svayaṃ svayambhūryaccaiva buddhaṃ yatha yādṛśaṃ ca / balāśca ye dhyānavimokṣa indriyāstatraiva sattvā pi pratiṣṭhāpeti //

mārtsaryadoṣo hi bhaveta mahyaṃ spṛśitva bodhiṃ virajāṃ viśiṣṭām /

yadi hīnayānasmi pratiṣṭhapeyamekaṃ pi sattva na mametu sādhu //

ekaṃ hi yānaṃ dvitiyaṃ na vidyate tṛtīyaṃ hi naivāsti kadāci loke / anyatrupāyā puruṣottamānāṃ yadyānanātvupadarśayanti //

tatra prajvalitagṛhāntaḥsthitān bālajanān bahirniṣkāsayitumupāyabhūtasya vāhanaviśeṣasya dṛṣṭāntadvārā, tadvadeva ratnadvīpasthitaṃ nāyakapuruṣaṃ nivartayitumupāyabhūtasya madhye 'raṇyaṃ nagaranirmāṇasya ca dṛṣṭāntadvārā bhagavān upāyabhūtāni yāni trīṇi yānānyupadiṣṭavān, sa tāvanneyārtha eva / āryabodhisattvagocaropāyaviṣayavikurvaṇanirdeśe nāma mahāyānasūtre 'pyuktam -

"mañjuśrīḥ, tasmin buddhakṣetre yānenaikena niryāstīti tad yānaṃ tāvat sāravat syāditi / nāsmāsu śrāvakapratyekabuddhayānavyavasthā / kathamiti cet? tathāgatā hi nānātvasaṃjñāvirāhitā iti hetoḥ /

yadi mañjuśrīḥ, tathāgatāḥ kasmaicinmayānaṃ nirdiśeyuḥ, kasmaicit pratyekabuddhayānam, kasmaicicca śrāvakayānaṃ nirdiśeyustadā tathāgatasya tāvaccittam apariśuddhamabhiniveśajuṣṭaṃ ca syāt / prādeśikī ca tasya mahākaruṇā syānnānātvasaṃjñā ca / dharmamuṣṭiścācāryasya syāt / api ca, mañjuśīḥ, yebhyaśca sattvebhyo 'haṃ dharmamupadiśāmi te sarve bodhiniyatā mahāyānaparāyaṇāḥ sarvajñatābhinirhatāḥ pakṣaikaniṣṭhāśca bhavanti / taditthaṃ sarvajñatamanuprāpnuvantīti / ato nāsmāsu yānavyavastheti / mañjuśrīḥ, yā hi yānavyavasthābhidhīyate, tayā sarvajñena bhūmervyavasthā kṛtā, pudgalānāṃ vyavasthā kṛtā, alpasattvasamūhasya aprameyasattvasamūhasya ca vyavasthā kṛtā / dharmadhātorasambhedād yānabhedo 'pi tāvannāsti / anena hi prasthānadvāraṃ pradarśitam / prasthānanirdeśo 'pi tāvat saṃvṛtireva, na tu paramārthaḥ / ata ekameva yānam, na dvitīyamiti /"

āryaśrīmālāsūtre 'pyuktam -

"yacca parinirvāṇaṃ yāni ca trīṇi yānānyupadiṣṭāni tatsarvaṃ tathāgatānāmupāyamātram, ekayānāvabodhena anuttarasamyaksaṃbodheradhigamāt /" ata eva ekayānanirdeśastāvadābhiprāyika iti vacanasya dharmadhātulakṣaṇe sarvayānānāṃ samatvādekayānamiti kathanaṃ tāvannāstyāryasaddharmapuṇḍarīkādyanukūlamiti niyataṃ vidvadbhiravadhāryam, naiva tadabhiprāyavaśāduktamiti jñeyam / āryadaśadharmādau yānatrayanirdeśastu upāyasvarūpatvād vineyajanebhyaḥ sa ekayānanirdeśābhiprāyeṇaiva vihita ityeva niśceyam / ato yānatrayanirdeśastāvad buddhanāmupāyamātram, na tu vāstavika ityato vineyajanā naiva teṣu pravartante / mahāyānasūtrākaṅkāre hi - ekasya yānasya ca yā hi deśanā tadānukūlyena prayojanena sā / iti yaduktaṃ tacchrāvakāṇāṃ yadyanuśayasamucchedo jāyeta tadā jāterapi sarvathopacchedād anekajanmaparamparāsamudāgataṃ buddhātvaṃ kathaṃ nāma sādhyaṃ syāditi kathanaṃ tu teṣāṃ jāteḥ sarvathopacchedasyāsiddhatvānnaiva yuktam / āryaśrīmālāsiṃhanādasūtre coktam -

"arhato 'pi vināśasadbhāvāttatsaṃtrāsena tāvadarhantaḥ pratyekabuddhā api bhagavataḥ śaraṇaṃ pratipadyante, sopadhiśeṣadharmitvād bhagavan śrāvakārhatāṃ pratyekabuddhānām, janmakṣayābhāvācca bhagavan, teṣām / ato bhavatyeva teṣāṃ janma / bhavantyeva te sopadhipeṣāḥ, naiva janmatā, apitu karmaṇāṃ pāripūrerabhāvād bahukaraṇīyāvaśeṣācca / yadi naiva te teṣāṃ parihāraṃ kurvīran tadā santyaneke nirvāṇadhātorapasārakāsteṣu prahātavyadharmā..." iti vistaraḥ /

yaśca jātikṣaya ityādinā kṣayānutpādajñānayoḥ samudbhavastasya neyārthatvaṃ tu taminneva sūtre nirdiṣṭam / tathā hi -

"bhagavan, arhantāṃ pratyekabuddhānāṃ vimuktiṃ yāvad yat pratyekṣaṇājñānaṃ yāścāśvāsādhāyikāścatastro 'nusmṛtayastat sarvamābhiprāyikam, yānānāṃ neyārthatvena vibhāgaṃ kṛtvā vyākaraṇāt / bhagavat, tatkimarthamiti cet? dvidhā bhavati cyutiḥsamucchedikā ca acityapariṇāminī ceti / tatra samucchedikā ca acintyapariṇāminī ceti / tatrasamucchedikā tāvaccyutiḥ pratisandadhatāṃ sattvānāmeva / bhagavan, arhatāṃ pratyekabuddhānāṃ vaśitāprāptabodhisattvānāṃ ca manomayakāyasya cyutistu bodhimaṇḍaparyantam acintyapariṇāminyeva bhavati / bhagavan, anayordayoścyutyoḥ samucchedacyuteradhikāre tāvadarhatāṃ pratyekabuddhānāṃ jātikṣayo jāyata iti pratīyate........ iti' vistaraḥ /

anayostāvaccyutyoravidyāvāsabhūmipratyayairanāstravakarmahetubhiḥ samudbhūtā jātistu bhavatyeveti nirdiṣṭam / tathā hi -

"bhagavan, yaduta upādānapratyayāḥ sāstravakarmahetukāstrayo bhavāḥ sambhavanti / evameva bhagavan, avidyāvāsabhūmipratyayā anāstravakarmahetukā arhatāṃ pratyekabuddhānāṃ vaśitāprāptānāṃ bodhisattvānāṃ ca manomayāstrayaḥ kāyāḥ sambhavanti.....iti" vistaraḥ /

āryalaṅkāvatārasūtre cāpi nirdiṣṭaṃ yad dhātutrayātikrānta api te 'nāstravadhātau avasthitā bhavanti / atastathāgatādhiṣṭhānena jātivaśitāṃ prāpya sambhāradvayaṃ ca paripūrya te buddhatvamavāpnuvantīti / tathā hi -

"prahīṇā bhavanti dharmanairātmyāvabodhāt, tadā te vāsanādoṣasamādhimadābhāvādanāstravadhātau prativibudhyante / punarapi lokottarānāstravadhātuparyāpannān sambhārān paripūrya acintyadharmakāyavaśavartītāṃ pratilapsyante /

yathā hi kāṣṭhamudadhestaraṅgairvipravāhyate / tathā hi śravako mūḍho lakṣaṇena pravāhyate //

vāsanākleśasambaddhāḥ paryutthānairvisaṃyutāḥ / samādhimadamattāste dhātau tiṣṭhantyanāstrave //

niṣṭhāgatirna tasyāsti na ca bhūyo nirvartate / samādhikāyaṃ samprāpya ākalpānna prabudhyate //

yathā hi mattapuruṣo madyābhāvād vibudhyate / tathā te buddhadharmākhyaṃ kāyaṃ prāpsyanti māmakam //

atra khalu kāṣṭhodadhyupamayā bhavasāgare pravahamānatvaṃ nirdiṣṭam / taraṅgopamayā tāvad dharmalakṣaṇaṃ prati abhiniveśavaśāt parinirvāṇaṃ na prāpyata iti saṅketitam / 'vāsanākleśasambaddhāḥ' ityādinā tu avidyāvāsanābhūmibandhanenāvimuktāḥ, kleśaparyatthānaiśca visaṃyuktā iti / 'niṣṭhāgatirna tasyāsti' ityādinā tāvannirvāṇanagare 'praviṣṭāstathā bhavasāgare 'pi na bhramantīti / anāstravasamādhisamprayuktatvād anekakalpaparyantamanāstravadhātau sthitiḥ, tadantaraṃ tato vyatthāya sambhārān paripūrya buddhatvāvāptirityādikaṃ spaṣṭatayā nirdiṣṭam /

yaccāpyāryalaṅkāvatārādisūtreṣu nirmitaśrāvakānadhikṛtya śrāvakavyākaranaṃ kṛtaṃ taddhīnādhimuktasattvānāṃ bhayaparihārārthaṃ yānatrayanirdeśopāyapradarśanārthaṃ ceti jñātavyam / avaivartacakrasūtre 'pyuktam -

"sarveṣu lokadhātuṣu sarvabuddhānāṃ dharmopadeśastāvadavaivartacakrasamānatayā samāna iti / martyalokadhātusattvāstu pañcakaṣāyakāle samutpadyamānā hīnādhimuktā eva / ataste ekayānoddeśyaṃ naiva paripālayanti, na ca tasminnadhimucyante / ato 'nayā yuktyā te sattvā buddhatvaṃ pratyabhimukhīkriyanta iti /"

āstravāṇāṃ kṣayādarhanto yadi na pratisandadhate, ato 'nekajanmaparamaparāsādhyaṃ buddhatvaṃ na pratilabhanta iti tadā bodhipariṇāmitānāmapyarhatāṃ na pratisandhirna ca teṣu buddhātvādhigama iti / yadi praṇidhānabalena tathāgatādhiṣṭhānena ca teṣāṃ pratisandhirabhyupagamyate, tadā kathaṃ nāpareṣvapi tathā? yathoktamāryaprajñāpāramitāyām -

"api ca, yadi te 'nuttarasamyaksaṃbodhau cittamutpādayanti, tadā anumodayiṣyāmi, nāhaṃ teṣāṃ kuśalamūlanāṃ vighnaṃ kariṣyāmi / śuddhadharmaviśeṣaiḥ śuddhadharmaviśeṣādhyupālambhaḥ karaṇīya iti /"

yadi te sarveṇa sarvamanuttarasamyaksaṃbodheye abhavyā iti tadā kathaṃ nāhaṃ teṣāṃ kuśalamūlānāṃ vighnaṃ na kariṣyāmītyuktam / atyantābhāveṣu naiva vidhnasambhavaḥ / avasthāviśeṣābhiprāyeṇaiva śāntasyaikāyanasya kathanaṃ niyatam, na tu sarvadaiva niyatābhiprāyeṇeti jñeyam / āryasaddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtre 'yuktam -

"bhikṣurvā bhikṣuṇī vārhattvaṃ pratijānīyādanuttarāyāṃ samyaksaṃbodhau praṇidhānaṃ parigṛhyocchinno 'smi buddhāyānāditi vadedetāvanme samucchrayasya paścimakaṃ parinirvāṇaṃ vadedābhimānikaṃ taṃ śāriputra, pratijānīyāḥ /"

arhantastāvat kleśakṣayahetoḥ sarvathā naiva pratisandadhate, tathātvāt / ye khalu satyadarśinaḥ śrāvakāḥ, ye ca kāmadhāturāgarahitā anāgāminaste buddhagotrakā iti / dvividhā api te 'nuttarasamyaksaṃbodhau vyākṛtāḥ acintyapariṇāminyā jātyā yuktatvātteṣāmiti yat kathanaṃ tadapyāryaśrīmālāsiṃhanādaāryaprajñāpārimitāāryadaśadharmakasūtrādiviruddham / teṣu kevalamarhata eva pratisamdhirupadiṣṭā, na tvanāgāmināmiti / tatrāryamālāsiṃhanādasūtraṃ tu pūrvamevoddhṛtam / āryaprajñāpāramitāśutre coktam -

"arhattvaṃ samadhigamya yadi sa samyaksaṃbodhimabhilaṣate tadā kathaṃ nāma ajātiṃ labdhuṃ śaknoti, parijanatā khalu bhagavatā tasya jātervyākṛtatvāt / bhagavānāha - maitreya, nāhaṃ karmakleśavaśājjātiṃ prajñapayāmi, apitu acityaparinirvāṇe pariṇāmanayā tasya jātiṃ prajñapayāmiti" /

āryadaśadharmakasūtre 'pyuktam -

"bhagavan, śrāvakāḥ kṣīṇāstravāḥ, parikṣīṇabhavasaṃyojanagotrakāstathāpi kathaṃ te 'nuttarasamyaksambodhimabhisamboddhuṃ śakṣyante? bhagavānaha - śṛṇu kulaputra, tasya dṛṣṭāntam / tathaivāsti yathā kulapuitra, kṣatriyakule 'bhiṣikaḥ kaścana rājakumāro yadi sarvāsāṃ śilpavidyānāmadhyayanaṃ karoti / sa nāsti tīkṣṇendriyo 'pi tu mandendriyaḥ san paścādadhyeyasya pāṭhayasya prathamam, pūrvamadhyeyasya pāṭhayasya paścādadhyayanaṃ karoti, tadā kiṃ vicārayasi kulaputra, kimetāvatā sa nāsti rājakumāra iti kathayiṣyate? avocat - naiva bhagavan, naiva sugata, rājakumāra eva sa kathayiṣyate / bhagavānāhakulaputra, tathaiva bodhisattvagotrakā api ye mandendriyāste pūrvaṃ bhāvanāmārgeṇa kleśakṣayaṃ kṛtvā paścādanuttarasamyaksaṃbodhau abhisambuddhā bhaviṣyantīti /" vistaraḥ /

yacca "sārvagatikā buddhā bhaviṣyanti" ityuktam, tadarthastāvat sarveṣāṃ buddhatvasāmīpyāpekṣābhiprāyeṇeti - yaduktaṃ tadapi svecchāmātropakalpitatvādayuktameva / sārvagatikānāṃ bhavyatāṃ dṛṣṭvā tathoktamityatra ko virodhaḥ / tathaiva cāryaratnameghādisūtreṣvapi bhagavataḥ śākyamunernāmaśravaṇamātreṇa avaivartikabījāropaṇād abhedena sarve sattvā avaivartikatve vyākriyante, na tu sāmīpyāpekṣayā / ato yena śrāvaṇaṃ yena vā śravaṇaṃ yaśca śrotā teṣavapi avaivartikabījāni vidyanta eva, yato hi bhavatāṃ mate 'pi malānāmāgantukatvāccittaṃ prakṛtyā prabhāsvaramabhyupagamyate / ataḥ sārvagatikāstadarśaṃ bhavyā eva / astadabhiprāyeṇa tathābhidhānaṃ yujyata eva /

sarve sattvāstathāgatagarbhā iti yaduktaṃ tena sarve 'pyanuttarasamyaksaṃbodhipadaprāptiyogyā evopadarśitāḥ, yato hi tathāgataśbdo dharmadhātuḥ pudgaladharmanairātmyalakṣaṇaḥ prakṛtyā prabhāsvaraścetyeteṣvartheṣvabhyupagamyate / tathā ca nirdeśena sarve 'nuttarasamyaksaṃbodhisvabhāvā eva nirdiṣṭāḥ /

api ca, 'yānam' iti yaduktaṃ tadapi nirvāṇagaraprāpako jñānātmako mārga evetyuktam, yāyate 'neneti kṛtvā / tattvajñānādeva hi mokṣamadhigantuṃ śakyate, nānyasmāt / tattvamapyekameva, anyathānavasthāprasaṅgaḥ / dṛṣṭibhede 'pi vastutattvaṃ nānekarūpeṣu vibhājayituṃ śakyate / ekasvabhāvatvāttattvasya, tadviṣayi jñānamapyekasvabhāvameva / adhigatatattvanāṃ buddhabodhisattvānāṃ yajjñānaṃ tadapi tattvaviṣayakābhijñānasvarūpameva, sarvasaṃkleśapratipakṣatvāttasya / na hi prādeśikairjñānaistattvabodho 'tiprasaṅgāt / tathā sati sarve tattvadarśinaḥ syuḥ / ato yattāvat pudgaladharmanairātmyatattvasākṣātkāri jñānaṃ tadeva nirvāṇaprāpakaḥ samyaṅ mārgo nānyaḥ / ata ekameva yānamiti /

eta eva bhagavatā nānyena tāvanmārgeṇa mokṣa iti nirdiṣṭam / āryalaṅkāvatārasūtre coktam -

"yaduta anye punarmahāmate, kāraṇādhinān sarvadharmān dṛṣṭvā nirvāṇagatibuddhayo bhavanti, dharmanairātmyadarśnābhāvānnāsti mokṣo mahāmate / eṣā mahāmate, śrāvakayānābhisamayagotrakasyāniryaṇaniryāṇabuddhiḥ / atra te mahāmate, kudṛṣṭivyāvṛttyarthaṃ yogaḥ karaṇīyaḥ" iti /

āryaprajñāpāramitāsūtre 'pi bhagavatā proktam -

"yad dvayaṃ tad vastu, advayaṃ tu avastu / avocat - bhagavan, kiṃ tāvad dvayam? bhagavānāha - sūbhūte, rūpasaṃjñaiva dvayam, tathaiva skandhadhātusparśavedanādhātuṣaṭkapratītyasamutpādadhyānārūpyaduḥkhanairātmyasukhasattvādīnāṃ saṃjñā" iti / ityādikaṃ vistareṇa tāvannirdiśya -

"yāvaddhi saṃjñā tāvad dvayam / yāvad dvayaṃ tāvad vastu / yāvad vastu tāvat saṃsāraḥ / yavācca saṃsārastāvannāsti sattvānāṃ mokṣaḥ" iti /

ityanena prakrāreṇa dvayasaṃjñānukūlā kṣāntirapi tāvadasattvena jñānavyeti prakaṭitam / āryasatyadvayāvatārasūtre 'pi prajñaptaṃ yat sarvakleśānāṃ mūlaṃ bhāvābhiniveśa eva / ata eva sarvadharmaniḥsvabhāvabhāvanayaiva tāvat kleśāḥ parihartuṃ śakyante, nānyena kenacinmārgeṇeti kṛto nirdeśaḥ / tathā hi -

"kathaṃ mañjuśrīḥ, kleśā vinayaṃ gacchanti, kathaṃ kleśāḥ parijñātā bhavanti? mañjuśrīrāhaparamārthato 'tyāntājātānutpannābhāveṣu sarvadharmeṣu saṃvṛtyāsadviparyāsaḥ / tasmād asadaviparyāsāt saṃkalpavikalpaḥ / tasmāt saṃkalpavikalpād ayoniśomanasikārāad ātmasamāropaḥ / tasmād ātmasamāropād dṛṣṭipatyutthānam / tasmād dṛṣṭiparyutthānāt kleśāḥ pravartante / yaḥ punardevaputra, paramārthato 'tyantājātānutpannābhāvān sarvadharmān prajānāti, sa paramārthato 'viparyastaḥ / yaśca paramārthato 'viryastaḥ so 'vikalpaḥ / yaścavikalpaḥ sa yoniśaḥ prayuktaḥ / yaśca yoniśaḥ prayuktaḥ, tasyātmasamāropo na bhavati / yasyātmasamāropo na bhavati tasya dṛṣṭiparyutthānaṃ na bhavanti / yāvat paramārthato nirvāṇadṛṣṭisarvadṛṣṭiparyutthānamapi na bhavanti / tasyaivam anutpādavihāriṇaḥ kleśā atyantaṃṃ vinītā draṣṭavyā / ayamucyate kleśavinayaḥ / yadā devaputra, kleśān nirābhāsena jñānena paramārthato 'tyantaśūnyān atyantābhāvān atyantanirnimittān prajānāti, tadā devaputra, kleśāḥ parijñātā bhavanti / tatra yathāpi nāma devaputra, ya āśīviṣasya gotraṃ prajānāti , sa tasyāśīviṣayasya viṣaṃ śamayati / evameva devaputra, yaḥ kleśānāṃ gotraṃ prajānāti, tasya kleśāḥ praśāmyanti / devaputra āhakataman mañjuśrīḥ, kleśānāṃ gotram? āha - yāvadeṣā paramārthato 'tyantājātānutpannābhāveṣu sarvadharmeṣu kalpanā, idaṃ kleśānāṃ gotram" iti vistaraḥ /

phalataḥ sarvadharmaśūnyatābhāvanayaiva tāvanniḥśreyasanagarapraveśaḥ / atastadarthino ye kalyāṇamicchanti, taiḥ kumārgavicārān dūrata eva parityajya mahātmabhiryo hi yuktyāgamapradīpaḥ prakāśīkṛtaḥ sadbhiśca puruṣaiḥ [yaḥ] muhurmuhurāveditaḥ sa sādaraṃ nirantaraṃ ca sadā sevanīyaḥ / ataśca ekameva yānam, sarve ca dharmāḥ paramārthato niḥ svābhāvā iti sidhyati /

// ācāryakamalaśīlapraṇītaṃ madhyamālokākhyaṃ śāstraṃ samāptam //

bhāratīyopādhyāśīlendrabodhinā bhoṭadeśīyānuvādakena dpala brcegas mahābhāgena cānūditam /

śubhamastu