T2426 Shingon Texts

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The Illuminating Secret Commentary

Once Mount K'un-lun crumbled and became a single gold stone. The visualizations of Vairocana and Amitabha, and of the common person and the wise person, are not two. I am the ancient companion of the Golden World (Manjusri's Pure Land), and you also are the newcomer in the Pure Land Adorned with Mysteries. When you enter this tall and fragrant forest, which has a different odor?

Then the speaker disappeared like an illusion. Then, without understanding why, I shed copious tears and felt much ashamed. When suddenly seeking the outlines of the [Pure] Land Adorned with Mysteries I realized the end of samsara. 328

Glossary

Note: The Japanese equivalents of echnical terms are given in the form used by Kukai and/or Kakuban; the titles of exts are also given in the form used by these authors and may differ from the full or standard titles. acarya (Jp.: ajari): A teacher or master, especially one versed in Esoteric Buddhism. See also Esoteric Buddhism.

Adamantine Pinnacle Sutra (T. 865; Skt.: *Vajrasekhara-sutra; Ch.: Chinkang-ting ching; Jp.: Kongochogyo): In its narrowest sense, this corresponds to the Sutra of the Great King of Teachings, but it is often used by Kukai to refer to sutra(s) considered by him to belong or be related to a corpus of works which, according to Sino-Japanese traditions, originally consisted of one hundred thousand verses and eighteen assemblies. See also Sutra of the Great King of Teachings.

Adamantine Realm (Skt.: Vajradhatu; Jp.: Kongokai): The name of the mandala described in the Sutra of he Great King of Teachings. See also mandala; Sutra of the Great King of Teachings.

Adamantine Samadhi Sutra (T. 273; Skt.: *Vajrasamadhi-sutra; Ch.: Chinkang san-mei ching; Jp.: Kongosanmaikyo): A Mahayana sutra. See also Mahayana.

Aksobhya ("Immovable One"): See Five Buddhas.

Amitayus: ("Infinite Life"): See Five Buddhas.

Amoghasiddhi ("Infallible Success"): See Five Buddhas. Amoghavajra (705-774): An Indian Buddhist monk who translated many texts of Esoteric Buddhism into Chinese, especially those of the corpus of works collectively known as the Adamantine Pinnacle Sutra, and actively engaged in the proselytization of Esoteric Buddhism in China. See also Adamantine Pinnacle Sutra; Esoteric Buddhism. arhat: One who has freed himself from the bonds of samsaric existence by eliminating all passions. The highest spiritual ideal of the Hinayana. See also Hinayana.

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Glossary

asamkhyeya (Jp.: asogi): "Incalculable"; a very high number. Asanga (ca. fourth century C.E.): An Indian Buddhist monk; founder, with his brother Vasubandhu, of the Yogaeara school. See also Vasubandhu; Yogaeara.

Asvaghosa (ca. first-second centuries C.E.): An Indian poet and Mahayana philosopher, author of several important Mahayana works. See also Mahayana.

Avalokitesvara: The bodhisattva who represents great compassion. See also bodhisattva.

bodhi-mind (Skt.: bodhicitta; Jp.: bodaishin): Aspiration for enlightenment. bodhisattva ("enlightenment being"): One who has engendered the profound aspiration to achieve perfect enlightenment (bodhi-minA, or bodhicitta) on behalf of all sentient beings. The spiritual ideal of the Mahayana. See also bodhi-mind; Mahayana.

Bodhi-site Sutra (T. 950; Ch.: P'u-t'i-ch'ang ching; Jp.: Bodaijokyo): An Esoteric sutra describing rites associated with Ekaksarosnisacakravartin. See also Ekaksarosnisacakravartin; Esoteric Buddhism. Buddha Family: One of the three or five groups or families into which Esoteric Buddhist deities are organized. See also Esoteric Buddhism; Five Families; Lotus Family; Vajra Family.

Chih-i (538-597): Principal founder of he T'ien-t'ai (Jp.: Tendai) school. See also Tendai.

Commentary on the Mahayana Treatise (T. 1668; Ch.: Shih mo-ho-yen lun/Shih ta-yen lun; Jp.: Shakumakaenron/ Shakudaienron): A commentary on the Treatise on the Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana traditionally attributed to Nagarjuna, but now generally believed to have been composed around the seventh or eighth century in China or Korea. See also Mahayana; Nagarjuna; Treatise on the Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana.

dependent recompense (Jp.: eho): The objective world or physical circumstances upon which one's existence depends, representing the secondary recompense in this life for past actions. See also recompense proper. dharani (Jp.: darani/ soji): A mystic spell; similar in meaning to vidya, and mantra, although these may be differentiated in accordance with their content or use. See also mantra; vidya.

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Glossary

Dharma body (Skt.: dharmakaya; Jp.: hosshin): One of the three bodies of a Buddha, equated with ultimate reality. See also fourfold Dharma body; three bodies.

Dharma-Buddha (Jp.: hobutsu): An alternative term for the Dharma body. See also Dharma body.

dharmadhatu. See Dharma realm.

dharmakaya. See Dharma body; three bodies.

Dharma realm (dharmadhatu): Literally, the objects (dharmas) of the mind in general. It also means the entire universe, or the fundamental spiritual reality underlying the phenomenal world.

distinct teaching (Jp.: bekkyo)\ One of the two divisions of the perfect teaching; it corresponds to the teachings of the Flower Ornament Sutra, considered to be quite distinct from the three vehicles. See also Flower Ornament Sutra; perfect teaching; three vehicles.

eight abandonments (Jp.: hachihai): An alternative term for the eight liberations. See also eight liberations.

eight classes (Jp.: hachibu): Eight categories of gods and demigods—1) devas (gods or heavenly beings), 2) nagas (dragons or serpents), 3) yaksas (a type of demon), 4) gandharvas (celestial musicians), 5) asuras (demigods), 6) garudas (mythical birds), 7) kimnaras (gods of song), and 8) mahoragas (mythical snakes). eighteen realms (Skt.: astadasa dhatavah; Jp.\ juhakkai): The twelve sense fields and the six consciousnesses. See also six consciousnesses; twelve sense fields.

Eightfold Noble Path (Skt.: arydstdhgamarga; Jp.: hassho[dd]): The practices taught by the Buddha in the fourth of the Four Noble Truths as the method through which suffering can be ended—1) right view, 2) right thought, 3) right speech, 4) right action, 5) right livelihood, 6) right effort, 7) right mindfulness, and 8) right meditation. See also Four Noble Truths.

eight liberations (Skt.: astdvimoksa; Jp.: hachige/hachigedatsu): Eight kinds of meditation for attaining liberation from mental afflictions. eight negations (Jp.: happu): The characterization of all dependently coarisen existents as being devoid of arising and cessation, annihilation and eternality, identity and difference, coming and going; regarded as 331

Glossary

an expression of ultimate truth by the Sanron school. See also Sanron school.

eight sufferings (Jp.: hakku): 1) birth, 2) old age, 3) sickness, 4) death, 5) the suffering of having to part from those whom one loves, 6) the suffering of having to meet with those whom one hates, 7) the suffering of being unable to obtain what one seeks, and 8) the suffering associated with the five aggregates. See also five aggregates.

Ekaksarosnisacakravartin (Jp.: Ichijichorinno): Lit., "One-Syllable Crown Wheel[-turning] King"; a deity personifying the single syllable bhrurn and belonging to a class of deities believed to be personifications of the protuberance (usnlsa) on the crown of the Buddha's head. enjoyment body (Skt.: sambhogakaya; Jp.-.juyushin): One of the three bodies of a Buddha and one aspect of the fourfold Dharma body; the body acquired by a Buddha as a reward or recompense for his attainment of enlightenment, also known as the recompense body. Sometimes a distinction is made between the self-enjoyment body and the other-enjoyment body. See also fourfold Dharma body; other-enjoyment body; recompense body; self-enjoyment body; three bodies.

equal enlightenment (Jp.: togaku): A state of enlightenment achieved by a bodhisattva that is equal to that of the Buddha, corresponding to the forty-first of the forty-two levels or the fifty-first of the fifty-two levels. See also fifty-two levels; forty-two levels.

Esoteric Buddhism: A form of Buddhism that evolved through the blending of the teachings of Mahayana Buddhism with the techniques for realization described in texts called tantras, involving the extensive use of mantras, mudras, mandalas, and ritual. See also mantra; Mahayana; mandala; mudra.

Essay on the Five Teachings of the Hua-yen (T. 1866; Ch.: Hua-yen wu-chiao chang; Jp.: Kegongokyoshd): An introduction not only to Hua-yen (Jp.: Kegon) doctrine, but also to Buddhism as a whole by Fa-tsang. See also Fa-tsang; Kegon.

Essays on the Garden of Dharma and the Grove of Meaning in the Mahayana (T. 1861; Ch.: Ta-ch'eng fa-yuan i-lin chang; J p Daijohoongirinjo): A collection of essays by K'uei-chi of the Fa-hsiang (Jp.: Hosso) school. See also Hosso; K'uei-chi.

Explanatory Sutra on the Guiding Principle (T. 1003; Ch.: Li-ch'u shih-ching; Jp.: Rishushakukyd): A commentary on the Prajhaparamitanaya-sutra 332

Glossary

(Ch.: Li-ch'il ching; Jp.: Rishukyo) translated or possibly composed by Amoghavajra; because its standing in the Shingon sect is on a par with the sutras, it is referred to as the "Explanatory Sutra." See also Amoghavajra.

Fa-hsiang. See Hosso.

Fa-tsang (643-712): The third patriarch of the Hua-yen (Kegon) school. See also Kegon.

fifty-two levels (Jp.: gojuni'i): The fifty-two levels or stages of the path leading from the state of an ordinary person to enlightenment; formulated by Chih-i by adding ten levels of faith before the forty-two levels. See also Chih-i; forty-two levels.

first abode (Jp.: shoju): The first of the ten abodes in the forty-two levels and fifty-two levels. See also fifty-two levels; forty-two levels. first stage (Skt.: prathamabhumi / adibhumi; Jp.: shoji): The first of the ten stages; also called the stage of joy. See also stage of joy; ten stages. five aggregates (Sktpancaskandha; J p goun/go'on): The five constituent elements that make up individual existence—1) form (or matter), 2) perception (or sensation), 3) ideation, 4) volition, and 5) consciousness. Five Buddhas (Skt.: pancabuddha; J p gobutsu): The five chief Buddhas of Esoteric Buddhism; in the Adamantine Realm they are 1) Vairocana (center), 2) Aksobhya (east), 3) Ratnasambhava (south), 4) Amitayus (west), and 5) Amoghasiddhi (north). See also Adamantine Realm; Esoteric Buddhism; Vairocana.

five defilements (Skt.: pancakasaya; J p gojoku): Five defilements or impurities of 1) the eon, 2) views, 3) mental afflictions, 4) sentient beings, and 5) life that characterizes an evil age.

five desires (Skt.: pancakama; Jp.: goyoku): The five desires that arise through contact with the five sense objects (form, sound, smell, taste, and tangible objects). See also six sense objects.

five destinies (Skt.: pancagati; Jp.: goshu): The five states of transmigratory existence—1) hell, 2) hungry ghosts, 3) animals, 4) humans, and 5) gods. See also six paths.

five elements (Skt.: pancabhuta; Jp.: godai): 1) earth, 2) water, 3) fire, 4) wind, and 5) space.

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Glossary

five extremes (Jp.: gohen): Attachment to any one of the four propositions or to the proposition that something is neither non-A nor not non-A. See also four propositions.

Five Families (Skt.: pancakula; Jp,:gobu): The five groups or "families" into which the deities of the Adamantine Pinnacle Sutra are organized: 1) Buddha Family, 2) Vajra Family, 3) Gem (Ratna) Family, 4) Lotus (Padma) Family, and 5) Karma Family. See also Buddha Family; Lotus Family; Vajra Family.

five meditations for settling the mind (Jp.: gojdshinkan): 1) meditating on impurities as an antidote to greed, 2) meditating on compassion as an antidote to anger or hatred, 3) meditating on dependent arising as an antidote to stupidity, 4) meditating on the constituent elements of existence as an antidote to the erroneous view of substantialism, and 5) meditating on the breath as an antidote to distraction.

Five Mysteries Sutra (T. 1125; Ch.: Wu pi-mi ching; Jp.: Gohimitsukyo): A ritual manual devoted to the "Five Mysteries," i.e., Vajrasattva and his four consorts (Desire, Touch, Love, and Pride).

five precepts (Skt.:pancasila; Jp.: gokai): The five basic precepts to be observed by laypeople—1) not to kill, 2) not to steal, 3) not to commit adultery, 4) not to lie, and 5) not to ingest intoxicants.

five rebellious offenses (Skt.: pancanantariyani; Jp.: gogyaku): The five grave sins said to bring immediate retribution in the form of rebirth in the Avici Hell—1) patricide, 2) matricide, 3) killing an arhat, 4) causing a Buddha's body to bleed, and 5) causing disunity in the monastic community (sangha).

five stages of attaining enlightenment (Skt.: pancakdrabhisambodhikrama; Jp.: gosojoshingan): A visualization practice, based on the Sarvatathdgatatattvasamgraha, introduced by Kukai and established as a hallmark of Shingon practice.

five supernatural faculties (Skt.: pancabhijnd; Jp.-.gojinzu): The five supernatural powers—1) supernatural vision, 2) supernatural hearing, 3) the ability to know others' thoughts, 4) the ability to know former lives, and 5) the ability to perform miracles such as appearing anywhere at will. See also six faculties.

five teachings (Jp.: gokyo): The five categories into which the Buddhist teachings are classified in the Kegon school, in order of increasing depth— 1) the Hinayana teaching, 2) the elementary teaching of the Mahayana, 334

Glossary

3) the final teaching of the Mahayana, 4) the sudden teaching of the Mahayana, and 5) the perfect teaching. See also Hinayana; Kegon; Mahayana; perfect teaching.

five vehicles (Skt.: pancayana; Jp.:gojo): The five types of teachings or paths, for 1) humans, 2) gods, 3) sravakas, 4) pratyekabuddhas, and 5) bodhisattvas. See also bodhisattva; pratyekabuddha; sravaka. five wisdoms (Skt.: pancajnana; Jp.: gochi): 1) great perfect mirrorlike wisdom, which reflects all things as they are, like a clear mirror; 2) the wisdom of equality (or sameness), which sees that all things are ultimately the same in nature; 3) the wisdom of wondrous observation (also called discriminative wisdom), which discerns the distinctive features of all things; 4) the wisdom of accomplishing what is to be done (also called duty-fulfillment wisdom); and 5) the wisdom of the essential nature of the Dharma realm (also called intrinsic dharmadhatu wisdom), which perceives the quintessence of all things. See also Dharma realm. Flower Ornament Sutra (T. 279; Skt.: Avatamsaka-sutra; Ch.: Hua-yen ching; Jp.: Kegongyo): An important Mahayana sutra that provided the inspiration for the doctrines of the Kegon school. See also Kegon; Mahayana. forty-two levels (Jp.: shijuni'i): The forty-two levels of the path leading from the state of an ordinary person to enlightenment; described in the Necklace Sutra, they form the basis of the fifty-two stages and consist of the ten abodes, the ten practices, the ten levels of merit transference, the ten stages, the stage of equal enlightenment, and the stage of wondrous enlightenment.

forty-two stages (Jp.: shijuniji): An alternative term for the forty-two levels. See forty-two levels.

four attributes of nirvana (Jp.: shitoku): 1) permanence (or eternality), 2) bliss, 3) self, and 4) purity.

four bodies (Jp.: shishin): An alternative term for the fourfold Dharma body. See also fourfold Dharma body.

four debts of gratitude (Jp.: shion): Debts owed to 1) one's parents, 2) all sentient beings, 3) the ruler, and 4) the Three Jewels.

four demons (Skt.: caturmara; Jp.: shima): The four causes of suffering and obstacles to practice—1) mental afflictions (klesamara), 2) the five aggregates (skandhamara), 3) death (mrtyumara), and 4) the king of demons (devaputramara) (Papiyas) in the Paranirmitavasavartin Heaven. 335

Glossary

four dhyanas (Skt.: caturdhyana; Jp.: shizen): The four levels of meditation that lead to rebirth in the realm of form. See also three realms. four elements (Skt.: catvdri mahabhutani; Jp.: shidai): 1) earth, 2) water, 3) fire, and 4) wind.

fourfold Dharma body (Jp.: shishu hosshin): The basic formulation of the Buddha-body theory in the Shingon sect—1) the own-nature body, 2) the enjoyment body, 3) the transformation body, and 4) the homogeneous body; although representing a development of the traditional Mahayana theory of three bodies, a fundamental difference is that all four bodies are considered to be in essence identical with the Dharma body. See also enjoyment body; homogeneous body; Mahayana; own-nature body; three bodies; transformation body.

four groups of believers (Skt.: catusparisad; Jp.: shishu): The four categories of Buddhist followers—1) monks (bhiksus), 2) nuns (bhiksunis), 3) laymen (upasakas), and 4) laywomen (upasikas).

four modes of birth (Skt.: catasro yonayah; Jp.: shisho): 1) birth from a womb, 2) birth from an egg, 3) birth from moisture, and 4) birth by transformation. four phases of existence (Skt.: catvdri laksanani; Jp.: shiso): 1) birth, 2) duration, 3) change or decay, and 4) extinction or death.

four propositions (Skt.: catuskoti; Jp.: shiku): Four propositions that may be linked either conjunctively or disjunctively—1) A, 2) non-A, 3) both A and non-A, and 4) neither A nor non-A; a.k.a. tetralemma. Four Noble Truths (Skt.: catvary aryasatyani; Jp.: shitai): The four fundamental truths taught by the Buddha—1) the truth of suffering, i.e., that life entails suffering; 2) the truth of the origination of suffering, i.e., that craving is the cause of suffering; 3) the truth of the cessation of suffering, i.e., that craving, and thereby suffering, can be brought to an end; and 4) the truth of the path, i.e., that there is a way that leads to the cessation of suffering, namely the Eightfold Noble Path. See also Eightfold Noble Path.

four wisdoms (Skt.: catvdri jhanani; Jp.: shichi): The first four of the five wisdoms. See also five wisdoms.

Garbhadhatu Mandala: The common designation of the mandala described in the Mahavairocana Sutra, the full name of hich is the Mahakarunagarbhodbhava Mandala, or "Mandala Born of the Matrix of Great Compassion." See also mandala; Mahavairocana Sutra.

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Glossary

Great Calming and Contemplation (T. 1911; Ch.: Mo-ho chih-kuan; Jp.: Makashikan): A comprehensive exposition of the theory and practice of meditation, based on lectures delivered by Chih-i of he T'ien-t'ai (Tendai) school and recorded by his disciple Kuan-ting. See also Chih-i; Tendai. Great Perfection of Wisdom Treatise (T. 1509; Skt.: *Mahaprajiiaparamitopadesa; Ch.: Ta chih-tu lun; Jp.: Daichidoron): An extensive commentary on the Pancavirnsatisdhasrikaprajnaparamita-sutra extant only in Chinese and attributed to Nagarjuna, although its authorship is the subject of some debate. See also Nagarjuna.

gumonji: A secret practice that seeks (gu) to remember (Ji) what is heard (mon), i.e., a practice seeking the remembrance and realization of that which is observed, experienced, read, or known (i.e., a Buddhist text); a secret practice for realizing the dharmakaya (Dharma body) Mahavairocana's universal presence. See also Dharma body; Mahavairocana. Hinayana: ("Lesser Vehicle"): A term used by Mahayanists to describe the teachings of early Buddhism, which had as its spiritual ideal the arhat. The two types of Hinayana followers, sravakas and pratyekabuddhas, are known as followers of the two vehicles. See also arhat; pratyekabuddha; sravaka; two vehicles. homogeneous body (Skt.: *nisyandakaya; Jp.: torushin): One aspect of the fourfold Dharma body, whereby the Dharma body manifests itself in forms homogeneous with different types of sentient beings. See also fourfold Dharma body.

Hosso (Ch.: Fa-hsiang): The name of a Buddhist school founded in China on the basis of Indian Yogacara doctrine; one of the Six Schools. See also Six Schools; Yogacara.

Hsuan-tsang (600-664): A monk-scholar and translator, founder of the Fahsiang (Hosso) school. See also Hosso. identical teaching (Jp.: dokyo): One of the two divisions of the perfect teaching; it corresponds to the teachings of the Lotus Sutra, which embraces the three vehicles. See also Lotus Sutra; perfect teaching; three vehicles. Indications of the Goals of the Eighteen Assemblies (T. 869; Ch.: Shih-pahui chih-kuei; Jp.: Juhatteshiki): An inventory (translated or possibly composed by Amoghavajra) of eighteen works purported to constitute a scriptural corpus collectively known as the Adamantine Pinnacle Sutra. See also Adamantine Pinnacle Sutra; Amoghavajra.

Indra's net (Skt.: indrajala; Jp.: taimo): A metaphor for infinite interde337

Glossary

pendence and interpenetration; according to the Flower Ornament Sutra, in Indra's palace hangs a net whose strands are joined together by gems, each of which reflects not only the entire cosmos but also everything reflected in every other gem. See also Flower Ornament Sutra. Kegon (Ch.: Hua-yen): The name of a Buddhist school founded in China on the basis of the Flower Ornament Sutra; one of the Six Schools. See also Flower Ornament Sutra; Six Schools.

koti (Jp.: kutei): A high number, a crore.

K'uei-chi (a.k.a. Tz'u-en; 632-682): The chief disciple and successor of the monk-scholar and translator Hsiian-tsang; after the latter's death K'ueichi systematized the teachings of the Fa-hsiang (Hosso) school. See also Hosso; Hsiian-tsang.

Lamp ofPrajha Treatise (T. 1566; Skt.: Prajhapradipa; Ch.: Pan-jo teng lun; Jp.: Hannyatoron): A commentary on Nagarjuna's Middle Treatise by Bhaviveka (a.k.a. Bhavaviveka or Bhavya). See also Middle Treatise; Nagarjuna.

Lanka Sutra (T. 671; Skt.: Lankavatara-sutra; Ch.: Leng-ch'ieh ching; Jp.: Ryogakyo): An important Mahayana sutra. See also Mahayana. Lotus Family: One of the three or five groups or families into which Esoteric Buddhist deities are organized. See also Buddha Family; Esoteric Buddhism; Five Families; Vajra Family.

Lotus Sutra (T. 262; Skt.: Saddharmapundarika-sutra; Ch.: Fa-hua ching; Jp.: Hokekyo): An important Mahayana sutra on which the doctrines of the Tendai school are based. See also Mahayana; Tendai. Madhyamika: One of the major Mahayana schools of Buddhism, established by Nagarjuna and his followers. Its tenets are mainly based on the Prajnaparamita sutras. See also Mahayana; Nagarjuna; Prajnaparamita sutras. Mahasatyanirgranthaputravyakarana Sutra (T. 272; Ch.: Sa-che ching; Jp.: Sasshakyo): A Mahayana sutra. See also Mahayana.

Mahavairocana (Jp.: Dainichi): The chief Buddha of Esoteric Buddhism, identified with the Dharma body. See also Dharma body; Esoteric Buddhism; Vairocana.

Mahavairocana Sutra (T. 848; Skt.: Vairocanabhisambodhi-sutra; Ch.: Tajih ching; Jp.: Dainichikyo): One of the two (or three) basic texts of Sino-Japanese Esoteric Buddhism, standing on a par with the Sutra of the 338

Glossary

Great King of Teachings in importance. See also Esoteric Buddhism; Sutra of the Great King of Teachings.

Mahayana: ("Great Vehicle"): A form of Buddhism that developed in India around 100 B.C.E. and which exalts as its religious ideal the bodhisattva, great beings who aspire to enlightenment on behalf of all sentient beings. See also bodhisattva.

Maitreya: The future Buddha, currently still a bodhisattva. See also bodhisattva. mandala ("circle"): In Esoteric Buddhism, a square or circular site in which deity images, etc., are installed for the performance of rituals. It also came to refer to pictorial representations of these arrangements of deities. See also Esoteric Buddhism.

ManjusrI: The bodhisattva who represents wisdom. See also bodhisattva. mantra: A mystic or incantatory formula used in the rituals of Esoteric Buddhism. See also dharani; Esoteric Buddhism.

mara: Originally this term meant "death"; it also came to signify the personification of death or the Evil One (Mara). In Buddhism four types of maras, or demons, are distinguished. See also four demons. Middle Path (Skt.: madhyama pratipat; Jp.: chudoy. Also "Middle Way"; the spiritual path as embodied in the Eightfold Noble Path, which avoids the two extremes of self-indulgence in pleasure and ascetic self-torture; also, the philosophical standpoint which eschews the two extremes of eternalism and annihilationism. See also Eightfold Noble Path. Middle Treatise (T. 1564; Skt.: Madhyamaka-karika; Ch.: Chung-lun; Jp.: Churon): An exposition of the Middle Path by Nagarjuna which became the basic text of the Madhyamika school in India and the San-lun (Sanron) school in China and Japan; the Chinese translation is accompanied by a commentary. See also Madhyamika; Middle Path; Nagarjuna; Sanron. mind-king (Skt.: cittaraja; Jp.: shinno): The mind as opposed to mental functions, which are likened to retainers attending upon a king. mudra ("seal"): Generally, a ritualistic hand gesture used in the rituals of Esoteric Buddhism. Sometimes four types are distinguished: 1) mahamudra ("great seal")—images of eities as they are visualized in their physical form; 2) samaya-mudra ("pledge seal")—hand gestures; 3) dharmamudra ("dharma seal")—incantatory phrases (mantras or dharanis) or 339

Glossary

seed-syllables representing the verbal counterparts of the deities; and 4) karma-mudra ("action seal")—activities characteristic of each deity. See also dharani; Esoteric Buddhism; mantra; seed-syllable. Nagarjuna: (ca. second century C.E.): A well-known Mahayana monk-scholar, founder of the Madhyamika school. Several commentarial works are attributed to him, including the Great Perfection of Wisdom Treatise, the Middle Treatise, and the Treatise on the Ten Abodes. See also Great Perfection of Wisdom Treatise; Madhyamika; Mahayana; Middle Treatise; Treatise on the Ten Abodes.

nayuta (Jp.: nayuta): A large number.

Necklace Sutra (Ch.: Ying-lo ching; Jp.: Ybrakukyo): 1. (T. 656): a sutra describing many aspects of the practices of the bodhisattva; 2. (T. 1485): a sutra, thought by some to have been composed in China, that deals with the stages and precepts of the bodhisattva. See also bodhisattva. nirmanakaya. See three bodies; transformation body. nirvana (Skt.: nirvana; Jp.: nehanf. The final goal of Buddhist aspiration and practice, a state in which the passions are extinguished and the highest wisdom attained.

Nirvana Sutra (T. 374; Ch.: Nieh-p'an ching; Jp.: Nehangyb): An important Mahayana sutra dealing with the teachings purported to have been given by Sakyamuni shortly before his entrance into nirvana. See also Mahayana; nirvana; Sakyamuni.

ocean-seal samadhi (Skt.: sagaramudra-samadhi; Jp.: kaiin zanmai): A state of ental absorption (samadhi) in which all things are perceived as they really are, just as the surface of a vast and serene body of water reflects all things without distortion; the Buddha Vairocana is said to have entered this samadhi before expounding the Flower Ornament Sutra. See also Flower Ornament Sutra; samadhi; Vairocana. other-enjoyment body (Skt.: *parasambhogakdya; Jp.: tajuyiishin): One aspect of the enjoyment body, whereby a Buddha allows others to partake of the fruits of his enlightenment. See also enjoyment body. own-nature body (Skt.: svabhavakaya; Jp.-.jishoshin): One aspect of the fourfold Dharma body. See also fourfold Dharma body.

perfect teaching (Jp.: engyb): The fifth of the five teachings, divided into the identical teaching and the distinct teaching. See also distinct teaching; five teachings; identical teaching.

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Glossary

prajna: Nondiscriminating or transcendental wisdom, the apprehension of ultimate reality. One of the six perfections. See also six perfections. Prajnaparamita ("Perfection of isdom") sutras: The name of a body of ahayana scriptures that emphasize the doctrine of emptiness, and which served as the fundamental texts for a number of important Buddhist schools, including Madhyamika. See also Madhyamika; Mahayana. pratyekabuddha ("individually enlightened one"): A sage who has attained enlightenment without the guidance of a teacher, and who intends neither to guide nor teach others.

Pure Land: Generally, a Buddha land, a world or realm in which a particular Buddha dwells. In the teachings of the Pure Land school, the term refers to Sukhavati ("Land of Bliss," also called the Western Paradise) in the western quarter, which was produced by the bodhisattva Dharmakara who became Amitabha Buddha upon fulfillment of forty-eight vows. See also Pure Land school.

Pure Land school: A school of Mahayana Buddhism founded in the fifth century in China and later established in Japan. The salvific goal of this school centers on attaining rebirth in Amitabha's Pure Land. See also Mahayana; Pure Land.

Ratnasambhava ("Jewel-born One"): See Five Buddhas.

recompense body (Skt.: sambhogakaya; Jp.: hojin): An alternative term for the enjoyment body. See also enjoyment body.

recompense proper (Jp.: shobo): The body and mind, representing the principal recompense in this life for past actions. See also dependent recompense. response body (Jp.: ojin): The body of a Buddha manifested in order to respond to the different needs and capacities of sentient beings; equivalent to either the enjoyment body or the transformation body. See also enjoyment body; transformation body.

Saicho (767-822): Japanese monk who brought the teachings of China's T'ien-t'ai school to Japan, and established the Tendai monastic center at Mount Hiei. See also Tendai.

Sakyamuni: The historical Buddha who lived in India in the fifth century B.C.E., and whose life and teachings form the basis of Buddhism. samadhi (Jp.: sanmai): A state of mental absorption or meditation. 341

Glossary

Samantabhadra ("Universally Good"): A bodhisattva who represents the ultimate principle, meditation, and the practice of all Buddhas. The embodiment of adherence to vows of great compassion. See also bodhisattva. samaya (Jp.: sanmaya): This term has several meanings, including "coming together" and "pledge," but in Sino-Japanese Esoteric Buddhism it is traditionally considered to have four meanings: 1) "equality" between the Buddha and sentient beings; 2) the "original vow" of the Buddha; 3) "removing hindrances" from sentient beings; and 4) "awakening" sentient beings from delusion.

sambhogakaya. See enjoyment body; recompense body; three bodies. Sanron (Ch.: San-lun; lit., "Three Treatises"): The name of a school of Buddhism founded in China on the basis of three Madhyamika treatises written by Nagarjuna and his disciple Aryadeva, namely, the Madhyamaka-kdrikd (Middle Treatise), the *Dvadasamukha-sdstra, and the Sata-sastra; one of the Six Schools. See also Madhyamika; Middle Treatise; Nagarjuna; Six Schools.

seed-syllable (Skt.: bija; Jp.: shuji): A Sanskrit syllable believed to encapsulate the essence of a deity or element, etc.

self-enjoyment body (Skt.: *svasambhogakaya; Jp.: jijuyushin): One aspect of the enjoyment body, whereby a Buddha enjoys the fruits of is enlightenment. See also enjoyment body.

seven expedient means (Jp.: shichihoben): Seven levels in the initial stages of practice prior to entering the stage of arhatship—1) five meditations for settling the mind, 2) specific mindfulness, 3) general mindfulness, 4) warmth, 5) summit, 6) endurance, and 7) state foremost in the world. siddhi (Jp.: shijjHshitchi): Lit., "accomplishment," "success"; spiritual accomplishments or attainments, of which many different types are enumerated in Esoteric Buddhist sutras.

six consciousnesses (Skt.: sadvijnana; Jp.: rokushiki): The consciousnesses that arise from the contact of each of the six sense organs with their respective objects—1) eye (visual) consciousness, 2) ear (auditory) consciousness, 3) nose (olfactory) consciousness, 4) tongue (gustatory) consciousness, 5) body (tactile) consciousness, and 6) mind (mental) consciousness. See also six sense objects; six sense organs.

six destinies (Jp.: rokushu): An alternative term for the six paths. See also six paths.

342

Glossary

six elements (Jp.: rokudai): 1) earth, 2) water, 3) fire, 4) wind, 5) space, and 6) consciousness.

six faculties (Skt.: sadabhijna; Jp.: rokutsu): Six supernatural powers consisting of the five supernatural faculties plus the ability to eradicate defilements. See also five supernatural faculties. Six Paramitas Sutra (T. 261; Ch.: Liu po-lo-mi ching; Jp.: Rokuharamitsukyo): A sutra that sets out the six perfections in great detail, but also contains elements of Esoteric Buddhism. See also Esoteric Buddhism; six perfections.

six paths (Skt.: sadgati; Jp.: rokudo): The six states of transmigratory existence—1) hell, 2) hungry ghosts (pretas), 3) animals, 4) demigods (asuras), 5) humans, and 6) gods {devas). See also five destinies. six perfections (Skt.: satparamita; Jp.: rokudo): The perfection (pàramita) of six qualities practiced by the bodhisattva on the way to complete enlightenment—1) giving or generosity (dana), 2) morality or keeping the precepts {élla), 3) forbearance or patience (ksànti), 4) effort {vlrya), 5) meditation {dhyana), and 6) wisdom {prajna). See also bodhisattva. Six Schools: The first six schools of Buddhism established in Japan—Kusha (Ch.: Chu-she), Jujitsu (Ch.: Ch'eng-shih), Hossò, Sanron, Ritsu (Ch.: Lti), and Kegon. See also Hosso; Kegon; Sanron.

six sense objects (Skt.: sadvisaya; Jp.: rokujin): The objects of perception associated with each of the six sense organs—1) form (or matter), 2) sound, 3) smell, 4) taste, 5) tangible objects, and 6) mental objects. See also six consciousnesses; six sense organs.

six sense organs (Skt.: sadindriya; Jp.: rokkorCy. 1) eyes, 2) ears, 3) nose, 4) tongue, 5) body, and 6) mind. See also six consciousnesses; six sense objects.

Sixteen Great Bodhisattvas (Jp.: juroku daibosatsu): Four groups of our attendant bodhisattvas around each of the four directional Buddhas in the Vajradhatu Mandala, who surround the central Buddha Vairocana (the four directional Buddhas and Vairocana are collectively known as the Five Buddhas). The attendant bodhisattvas of each of the four Buddhas are: Aksobhya (east)—Vajrasattva, Vajraràja, Vajraràga, and Vajrasàdhu; Ratnasambhava (south)—Vajraratna, Vajrateja, Vajraketu, and Vajrahàsa; Amitayus (west)—Vajradharma, Vajratiksna, Vajrahetu, and Vajrabhasa; and Amoghasiddhi (north)—Vajrakarma, Vajraraksa, Vajrayaksa, and Vajrasandhi. See also Five Buddhas; Vajradhatu Mandala. 343

Glossary

sravaka ("listener"): Originally, a disciple of the historical Buddha, one who directly heard his teachings. Later used as a general term for followers of early Buddhism (Hinayana), to distinguish them from adherents of Mahayana and Esoteric Buddhism. See also Esoteric Buddhism; Hinayana; Mahayana.

stage of oy (Skt.: pramudita bhumih; Jp.: kangiji): The first of the ten stages. See also ten stages.

Subhakarasimha (637-735): An Indian Buddhist monk who translated some of the basic texts of soteric Buddhism into Chinese, including the Mahavairocana Sutra. See also Esoteric Buddhism; Mahavairocana Sutra. Sutra for Benevolent Kings (T. 246; Skt.: *Kdrunikardjdprajnapdramitdsutra; Ch.: Jen-wang ching; Jp.: Ninnogyo): A sutra dealing with the protection and security of the state.

Sutra of ll Yogins (T. 867; Ch.: I-chieh yii-ch'i ching; Jp.: Issaiyugikyo): An Esoteric sutra highly valued in the Shingon sect. See also Esoteric Buddhism.

Sutra of he Adamantine Guardian of ecrets (T. 310 [No. 3]; Skt.: Tathdgatdcintyaguhya-nirdesa; Ch.: Mi-chi chin-kang li-shih ching; Jp.: Misshakukongorikishikyo): One of the forty-nine sutras comprising the MaharatnakUta-sutra. Sutra of the Correct Theory for the Laws of the King (T. 524; Ch.: Wang-fa cheng-lun ching; Jp.: Oboshdrongyo): A sutra said to have been expounded for the king of Khotan.

Sutra of the Dharani for Protecting State Rulers (T. 997; Ch.: Shou-hu kuochieh-chu t'o-lo-ni ching; Jp.: Shugokokkaishudaranikyo)'. An Esoteric sutra. See also Esoteric Buddhism.

Sutra of the Great King of Teachings (T. 865; Ch.: Ta chiao-wang ching; Jp.: Daikydokyo): One of the two (or three) basic texts of Sino-Japanese Esoteric Buddhism, standing on a par with the Mahavairocana Sutra; it corresponds to the first chapter of Part 1 of the Sarvatathagatatattvasamgraha, the basic text of the corpus of works collectively known as the Adamantine Pinnacle Sutra. See also Adamantine Pinnacle Sutra; Esoteric Buddhism; Mahavairocana Sutra.

Sutra on Differentiating the Positions of the Deities (T. 870; Fen-pieh shengwei ching; Jp.: Funbetsushoikyo): A work dealing primarily with the epiphany of the thirty-seven deities of the Vajradhatu Mandala. See also Vajradhatu Mandala.

344

Glossary

Taoism: An indigenous Chinese religious philosophy based on the teachings of the legendary sixth-century B.C.E. figure Lao-tzu, collected in the Too te ching. Taoism is based on belief n the invisible, underlying principle of the universe called the "Tao" (Way), and the balance of in and yang. It exerted enormous influence in Chinese culture, and some of its ideas, particularly in regard to the composition of the natural world and the body, were incorporated into Buddhism in China and Japan, which is reflected in Kakuban's Illuminating Secret Commentary. Tathagata: An epithet for a Buddha.

Ten Buddhas (Jp.-.jubutsu): In his capacity as expositor of the Flower Ornament Sutra, Vairocana is said to pervade the threefold world in the form of ten "bodies," also referred to as the Ten Buddhas; they are the bodies of sentient beings, lands, karmic retribution, sravakas, pratyekabuddhas, bodhisattvas, Tathagatas, wisdom, Dharma, and empty space. See also Flower Ornament Sutra; threefold world; Vairocana. Tendai (Ch.: T'ien-t'ai): The name of a school of Buddhism founded in China chiefly on the basis of he Lotus Sutra and introduced to Japan by Saicho. See also Lotus Sutra; Saicho.

ten directions (Skt.: dasadis; Jp.:jippd): The four cardinal points, the four intermediate directions, the zenith, and the nadir; a term used to mean "in all directions," "everywhere."

ten evil deeds (Skt.: dasasubhah; Jp.:jUaku): 1) killing, 2) stealing, 3) adultery, 4) lying, 5) harsh speech, 6) calumny, 7) frivolous chatter, 8) covetousness, 9) malice, and 10) wrong views.

tenfold freedom (Skt.: dasavasita; Jp.: jujizai): Ten kinds of supernatural power with which a person seeking enlightenment is said to be endowed— freedom in 1) longevity, 2) mind, 3) adornments (or possessions), 4) action, 5) birth, 6) liberation (or faith-and-understanding), 7) vow, 8) supernatural faculties, 9) Dharma, and 10) knowledge.

ten levels of faith (Jp.: jisshin /jusshin): The first ten levels of the fifty-two levels. See also fifty-two levels.

ten realms of sentient beings (Jp.: jikkai): The realms of 1) hell (naraka), 2) hungry ghosts (pretas), 3) animals, 4) demigods (asuras), 5) humans, 6) gods (devas), 7) sravakas, (8) pratyekabuddhas, 9) bodhisattvas, and 10) Buddhas.

ten stages (Skt.: dasabhumi; Jp.: juji): The ten stages in the career of a bodhisattva, corresponding to the thirty-first to fortieth levels of he forty-two 345

Glossary

levels and the forty-first to fiftieth levels of the fifty-two levels. See also bodhisattva; fifty-two levels; forty-two levels.

ten stages of the mind (Jpjujushin): Ten states of mind or stages distinguished by Kukai in the religious development of the mind; they are described in The Precious Key to the Secret Treasury. Ten Wheels Sutra (T. 411; Ch.: Shih-lun ching; Jp.: Juringyo): A Mahayana sutra.

thirty-seven deities (Jp.: sanjushichison): The thirty-seven central deities of the Vajradhatu Mandala, consisting of the Five Buddhas, the Sixteen Great Bodhisattvas, the Four Paramitas, the Eight Offering Goddesses, and the Four Gatekeepers. See also Five Buddhas; Sixteen Great Bodhisattvas; Vajradhatu Mandala.

thirty-seven factors of enlightenment (Skt.: saptatrimsad bodhipaksika dharmah; Jp.: sanjushichihon): A scheme of thirty-seven practices conducive to enlightenment divided into seven groups—1) the four fields of mindfulness, 2) the four right efforts, 3) the four bases of supernatural power, 4) the five faculties, 5) the five powers, 6) the seven limbs of enlightenment, and 7) the Eightfold Noble Path. See also Eightfold Noble Path.

three ages (Skt.: tryadhvan; Jp.: same): Past, present, and future. three bodies (Skt.: trikdya; Jp.: sanshin): The three bodies of the Buddha— 1) the Dharma body (dharmakaya), 2) the enjoyment body or recompense body (sambhogakaya), and 3) the transformation body (nirmanakaya). See also Dharma body; enjoyment body; recompense body; transformation body.

three bonds (Jp.: sanko): The bonds between 1) ruler and subjects, 2) parents and children, and 3) husband and wife.

three disciplines (Skt.: tisrah siksah; Jp.: sangaku): 1) morality (sila), 2) meditation (samadhi), and 3) wisdom (prajha).

threefold world (Jp.: sanshu seken): 1) the world of enlightened beings, 2) the world of non-enlightened sentient beings, and 3) the physical world (lit., "receptacle world").

three knowledges (Skt.: tisro vidyah; Jp.: sanmyd): Three of the five or six supernatural faculties—1) the ability to know former lives, 2) supernatural vision, and 3) the ability to eradicate defilements. 346

Glossary

three mysteries (Jp.: sanmitsu): 1) the mystery of the body, 2) the mystery of speech, and 3) the mystery of mind. In a narrow sense they refer to the hand gestures (mudras), mantras, and visualizations employed in the meditative practices of Esoteric Buddhism, whereby the practitioner seeks to attune his acts of body, speech, and mind to those of a particular deity, but on a universal plane everything is regarded as a manifestation of the three mysteries of Mahavairocana. See also Esoteric Buddhism; Mahavairocana.

three paths (Jp.: sanzu): The first three of the six paths. See also six paths. three periods: The periods marking the gradual decline of Buddhism after the Buddha's lifetime: 1) the five hundred-year period of he True Dharma, during which the Buddhist teaching is properly practiced and enlightenment is possible; 2) the thousand-year period of the Imitative Dharma, during which the teaching is practiced but enlightenment is no longer possible; and 3) the ten thousand-year period of the Latter Dharma (mappo), during which the teaching exists but correct practice and enlightenment are no longer possible.

three poisons (Skt.: tridosa; Jp.: sandoku): The three basic mental afflictions— 1) desire or greed, 2) hatred or anger, and 3) ignorance or delusion. three realms (Skt.: tridhatu; Jp.: sangai): The three spheres of transmigratory existence—1) the realm of desire (kamadhatu), i.e., the world of everyday consciousness accompanied by desires; 2) the realm of form (rupadhatu), in which desires have been eliminated but the physical body remains; and 3) the realm of non-form (arupyadhatu), in which the physical body no longer exists. Each of these realms has various levels of heavens: six heavens of the realm of desire; eighteen heavens of the realm of orm, which are divided between the four dhyana heavens; and four heavens of the realm of non-form. See also four dhyanas. three truths (Jp.: santai/ sandai): Three aspects of reality differentiated in the Tendai school—1) the truth of emptiness, i.e., that all things are empty of independent self-existence; 2) the truth of provisionality, i.e., that all things, although empty, have provisional reality due to causes and conditions; and 3) the truth of the middle, i.e., that the absolute reality of all things cannot be explained in either negative or positive terms. See also Tendai.

three vehicles (Skt.: triyana; Jp.: sanjo): The three types of Buddhist teachings or paths, for 1) sravakas, 2) pratyekabuddhas, and 3) bodhisattvas. See also bodhisattva; pratyekabuddha; sravaka.

347

Glossary

transformation body (Skt.: nirmanakaya; Jp.: keshin /hengeshin): One of the three bodies and one aspect of the fourfold Dharma body; refers in particular to the historical Buddha Sakyamuni. See also fourfold Dharma body; Sakyamuni; three bodies.

Treatise on Buddha-nature (T. 1610; Ch.: Fo-hsing lun; Jp.: Busshoron): A systematic exposition of Buddha-nature by Vasubandhu. See also Vasubandhu.

Treatise on Jewel Nature (T. 1611; Skt.: Ratnagotravibhagamahayanottaratantra-sastra; Ch.: Pao-hsing lun; Jp.: Hoshoron): A Mahayana treatise which gives a systematic exposition of he view that all sentient beings are endowed with Buddha-nature or the innate potential to become a Buddha. Treatise on the Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana (T. 1666; Skt.: *Mahayanasraddhotpada-sastra; Ch.: Ta-ch'eng ch'i-hsin lun; Jp.: Daijokishinron): A concise synopsis of the central ideas of ahayana Buddhism that has exerted enormous influence on Chinese and Japanese Buddhism; although attributed to Asvaghosa, questions remain concerning its authorship and place of composition. See also Asvaghosa; Mahayana. Treatise on the Bodhi-mind (T. 1665; Ch.: Pu-fi-hsin lun; Jp.: Bodaishinron): A treatise dealing with the generation of he bodhi-mind which is held in high regard in the Shingon sect; although attributed by Kukai to Nagarjuna, internal evidence indicates that the Madhyamika philosopher Nagarjuna could not have composed this work. See also Madhyamika; Nagarjuna. Treatise on the Establishment of Consciousness-only (T. 1585; Skt.: *Vijhaptimatratasiddhi-sastra; Ch.: Ch'eng wei-shih lun; Jp.: Joyuishikiron): A commentary on Vasubandhu's Trimsika based on ten Indian commentaries and translated by Hsiian-tsang; it became the basic text of he Fahsiang (Hosso) school in China and Japan. See also Hosso; Hsiian-tsang. Treatise on the Generation of the Bodhi-mind (Ch.: Fa p'u-t'i-hsin lun; Jp.: Hotsubodaishinron): Alternative name for the Treatise on the Bodhimind. See also Treatise on the Bodhi-mind. Treatise on the Ten Abodes (T. 1521; Skt.: *Dasabhumika-vibhasa-sastra; Ch.: Shih-chu lun; Jp.: Jujuron): A commentary (traditionally attributed to Nagarjuna) on the Ten Stages Sutra (Dasabhumika-sutra), which forms part of the Flower Ornament Sutra. See also Flower Ornament Sutra; Nagarjuna.

Treatise on the Ten Stages (T. 1522; Skt.: *Dasabhumika-sutra-sastra; Ch.: Shih-ti-ching lun; Jp.: Jujikyoron): A commentary by Vasubandhu on 348

Glossary

the Ten Stages Sutra (Dasabhumika-sutra), which forms part of the Flower Ornament Sutra. See also Flower Ornament Sutra; Vasubandhu. twelve sense fields (Skt.: dvadasa ayatanani; Jp.:junisho): The six sense organs and their corresponding six sense objects. See also six sense objects; six sense organs.

two hindrances (Skt.: avaranadvaya; Jp.: nisho): Two obstacles to the attainment of enlightenment—1) mental afflictions and 2) false knowledge. two truths (Skt.: satyadvaya; Jp.: nitai): 1) conventional or provisional truth and 2) ultimate or absolute truth.

two vehicles (Skt.: yanadvaya; Jp.: nijo): Two types of Buddhist teachings or paths, for sravakas and pratyekabuddhas. See also sravaka; pratyekabuddha. Tz'u-en. See K'uei-chi.

Vairocana (Jp.: Birushana/Henjo/Dainichi): One of the five chief Buddhas of Esoteric Buddhism and the expositor of the Flower Ornament Sutra, the Mahavairocana Sutra, and the Sutra of the Great King of Teachings; he corresponds to the enjoyment body, as opposed to Mahavairocana, who represents the Dharma body. See also Dharma body; enjoyment body; Esoteric Buddhism; Five Buddhas; Mahavairocana. vajra (Jp.: kongo): A diamond and, by extension, anything hard and indestructible; a ritual implement shaped like a bolt having one, three, or five prongs at each end.

Vajra Family: One of the three or five groups or families into which Esoteric Buddhist deities are organized. See also Buddha Family; Esoteric Buddhism; Five Families; Lotus Family.

Vajradhatu Mandala: The mandala described in the Sutra of the Great King of Teachings. See Adamantine Eealm; mandala; Sutra of the Great King of Teachings.

Vajrapani ("Vajra-in-Hand"): A bodhisattva who in Esoteric Buddhism is generally associated with Vajrasattva. See also bodhisattva; Esoteric Buddhism; Vajrasattva.

Vajrasattva ("Adamantine Being"): A bodhisattva associated with the awakening of the 6od/»-mind (bodhicitta), the aspiration for enlightenment; considered to epitomize the ideals of Esoteric Buddhism. See also bodhimind; bodhisattva; Esoteric Buddhism. 349

Bibliography

Glossary

Vasubandhu (ca. fourth century C.E.): An Indian Buddhist monk-scholar who, with his brother Asanga, established the Yogacara school. See also Asanga; Yogacara.

Victorious Garland Sutra (T. 353; Skt.: Srimaladevisimhanada-sutra; Ch.: Sheng-man ching; Jp.: Shomangyo): A Mahayana sutra in which the chief protagonist is Queen Srimala ("Victorious Garland"), the daughter of King Prasenajit of Sravasti. See also Mahayana.

vidya (Jp.: myd): The primary meaning of this term is "knowledge" or "science," but it also came to mean "magical power" or "spell." See also dharani.

vidyaraja, vidyarajni (Jp.:, myoo, myohi): Lit., "spell-king" and "spell-consort" respectively; the personification in male and female form of an especially potent spell (vidya). See also vidya.

Western Paradise: A reference to the Pure Land of mitabha. See Pure Land. wondrous enlightenment (Jp.: myogaku): The enlightenment of a Buddha, corresponding to the last of the forty-two levels and fifty-two levels. See also fifty-two levels; forty-two levels.

yoga: Lit., "yoking"; a Sanskrit term that in general refers to any practice or path that leads to a mystical experience of spiritual union. In Esoteric Buddhism it refers to various meditative and visualization practices, such as deity yoga.

Yogacara: A major philosophical school of Mahayana Buddhism, founded by Asanga and Vasubandhu in the fourth century C.E., which advocates the doctrine of "cognition-only" (vijnapti-matra). See also Asanga; Mahayana; Vasubandhu.

Yoga Treatise (T. 1579; Skt.: Yogacarabhumi; Ch.: Yii-ch'ieh lun; Jp.: Yugaron): The basic text of the Indian Yogacara school. See also Yogacara. yogin: A practitioner of yoga. See also yoga.

350

Bibliography

Kukai Texts

On the Differences between the Exoteric and Esoteric Teachings

Fesyun, A. G. Kukay. Izbrannye trudy. Moscow: Serebryanye Niti, 1999. Hakeda, Yoshito S. Kükai: Major Works. New York & London: Columbia University Press, 1972.

Karelova, L. B. Buddiyskaya filosofiya v srednevekovoy Yaponii. Moscow: Yanus-K, 1998.

Trubnikova, N. N. "Razlicheniye ucheniy" v yaponskom Buddizme 9-go veka. Kukay (Kobo Daysi) o razlichiyakh mezhdu taynym i yavnymi ucheniyami. Moscow: Rosspen, 2000. Tsunoda, Ryusaku, et al., comp. Sources of apanese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, 1964. Yamamoto, Chikyö. Works of St. Kobo Daishi. Koyasan, Japan: Koyasan University, 1993.

The Meaning of Becoming a Buddha in This Very Body Beyer, Stephan. "A Translation of the Sokushin-Jöbutsu-gi." Mikkyo Bunka, Vol. 82,1967.

de Bary, William Theodore, et ah, comp. Sources of apanese Tradition (Second Edition), Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. Eracle, Jean. "Les deux grands Mandala du bouddhisme tantrique japonais." Bulletin annuel du Musée d'ethnographie de la Ville de Genève, No. 21-22, 1978-79.

Fesyun, op. cit.

Hakeda, op. cit.

Inagaki, Hisao. Kükai's Principle of ttaining Buddhahood with the Present Body. Ryükoku Translation Pamphlet Series 4. Kyoto: Ryükoku University, 1975.

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Kawahara, M. Eiho, and C. Yuho Jobst. Kobo Daishi Kukai. Ausgewählte Schriften. Munich: Iudicium, 1992. Kiyota, Minoru. Tantric Concept of odhicitta: A Buddhist Experiential Philosophy. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1982. Translating Institute in Köyasan University. "The Doctrine of Bodily-Attaining-Buddhahood." Mikkyo Bunka, Vols. 27-34, 38, 1954-57. Trubnikova, op. cit.

Yamamoto, op. cit.

The Meanings of Sound, Sign, and Reality Fesyun, op. cit.

Hakeda, op. cit.

Kawahara and Jobst, op. cit. Paul, Gregor. "Kükais 'Die Bedeutungen von Laut, Wort und Realität.' Annotierte Übersetzung der ersten Hälfte." ln Klischee und Wirklichkeitjapanischer Kultur, Festschrift für Toshinori Kanokogi. Frankfurt, Bern, and New York: Verlag Peter Lang, 1987. Translating Institute in Köyasan University. "A Treatise on the Meaning of Voice and Syllable and Reality." Mikkyö Bunka, Vols. 7-13, 1949-51.

Yamamoto, op. cit.

The Meanings of the Word HGm Fesyun, op. cit.

Hakeda, op. cit.

Kawahara and Jobst, op. cit. Translating Institute in Köyasan University. "The Doctrine of the Word Hüm." Mikkyo Bunka, Vols. 17-25, 1951-53. Yamamoto, op. cit.

The Precious Key to the Secret Treasury de Bary, et al., op. cit. Fesyun, op. cit.

Hakeda, op. cit.

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Trubnikova, op. cit.

Tsunoda, et al., op.cit.

Yamamoto, op. cit.

Kakuban Texts

The Mitsugonin Confession

Katsumata, Shunkyo. Mikkyo no Nihonteki Tenkai. Tokyo: Shunjusha, 1976.

Matsunaga Yukei. Mikkyo no Rekishi. Kyoto: Heiraku shoten, 1974. Miyasaka Yusho, ed. Kogyo Daishi Senjussho, Vol. 1. Tokyo: Sankibo Busshorin, 1977.

Nasu Seiryu. "Kogyo Daishi no Midakan," Chizan Gakuho, Vol. 6, pp. 16-31, 1934.

Takahashi Shoku. "Kakuban Shonin to Sono Jidai (toku ni Amida Shiso o Koryo shite)," Chizan Gakuho, Vol. 4, pp. 241-65, 1933. Takai Kankai. "Shingon Kyogaku shijo yori mitaru Kogyo Daishi no Ichi," Chizan Gakuho, Vol. 12, pp. 1-18, 1938. Todaro, Dale. "An Annotated Translation of the Pancabhisambodhi Practice of the Tattvasamgraha," Mikkyo Bunka, Vol. 159, pp. 146-131. The Illuminating Secret Commentary on the Five Cakras and the Nine Syllables Katsumata, op. cit.

Miyasaka, op. cit.

Nasu Seiryu. Gorin Kuji Hishaku no Kenkyu. Tokyo: Shikanonen, 1969. —. "Kobo Daishi to Kogyo Daishi to no Shisoteki Tachiba," Mikkyo Kenkyu, Vol. 51, pp. 186-212,1934. Nasu Seiryu, ed. Kokuyaku Issaikyo, Shoshubu, Vol. 20, pp. 389-432. Tokyo: Daito Shuppansha, 1960. Todaro, op. cit.

van der Veere, Henry. A Study of the Thought of ogyo Daishi Kakuban: with a translation of his Gorin kujimyo himitsushaku. Leiden, The Netherlands: Hotei Publishing, 2000. 353

Bibliography

Traditional Commentaries (unavailable for consultation) Dohan. Gochigozoto himitsu sho, one fascicle, manuscript. Donjaku. Chuin to inki, one fascicle, manuscript. Raiyu. Gorin Kuji Hishaku Juyoki, five fascicles, manuscript. 354

Index

A

Abhasvara. See Extremely Radiant Purity

abhicaruka 284

Abhidharma 43, 44, 45, 107, 224 Abhidharmakosa 241 Abhidharmakosa-bhasya 222, 223 Absolute Middle 188 abstinence 139,144, 147, 229 Acalanatha 124, 226, 228 acarya 48, 77, 243 adamantine 53, 54, 55, 138 bind 74,221

body 66,210,220

circle (see also mandala) 72 mind 48, 53, 76, 210, 270 name 48, 78

nature 49, 51, 130 own-nature 54, 55

seat 130,212

teachings 123

three mysteries 54, 55 wisdom 55, 207, 219 Adamantine Palace (see also Palace of the Adamantine Realm) 56, 138, 216

Adamantine Pinnacle Explanatory Sutra on the Guiding Principle 91

Adamantine Pinnacle Five Mysteries Sutra 21, 47, 48

Adamantine Pinnacle Great King of Teachings 26

Adamantine Pinnacle Sutra 26, 29, 33, 42, 65, 69, 74, 81, 92, 107, 128, 129, 201, 213, 219, 236, 237 Adamantine Pinnacle Sutra of ll Yogins 21, 48, 49, 52 Adamantine Pinnacle Sutra on Differentiating the Positions of the Deities 21, 49, 50, 220 Adamantine Pinnacle Treatise on the Generation of the Bodhi-mind 41 Adamantine Pinnacle Yoga Sutra 207, 212

Adamantine Realm(s) 48-9, 52, 53, 66, 78, 195, 206, 219, 220 Adamantine Samadhi Sutra 40 Adamantine Site 58,139 Adamantine Vehicle (see also Vajrayana) 55, 205, 216, 219 adana-vijhdna (see also consciousness, eighth) 183

Aditya 154

aggregate(s) (see also skandha) 43, 76, 98, 185,187

five 46,130, 136, 168, 176, 177, 181, 184

aggregates-only. See mind, of aggregates-only

Agni 277

Ajatasatru 274

Akanistha (see also Limit of Form) 61, 68, 161

akarsana 284

Akasa 277

355

Index

Akasa Family 278, 282 Akasagarbha 242, 301, 303, 304, 311

Akasanantyayatana. See Station of the Infinity of Space Akimcanyayatana.See Station of Nothingness

Aksayamati 192

Aksobhya 54, 207, 208, 223, 273, 276, 277, 279, 287 dlaya(-vijhdna) (see also consciousness, alaya-) 41, 78, 117,185 All the Tathagatas (see also Tathagata) 60, 61, 201, 202 Amida (see also Amitabha; Amitayus) 243, 325 Amidashidai. See Sahoshidai Amitabha (see also Lord of Sukhavati; Padmanetra) 138, 207, 208, 223, 228, 245, 246, 248, 261, 262, 273, 277, 279, 292, 303, 309, 311, 324, 325, 328 name of 246, 261

nine-syllable mantra of 246, 249 vows of 311

Amitayus 223, 276, 288 Amoghasiddhi 207, 208, 223, 248, 273, 276, 277, 278, 281, 288 Amoghavajra 6, 21, 248, 277, 278 amrta 292, 301, 303 Amrtakundalin 283, 289 Anabhraka. See Unclouded andgdmin 230

Ananda 43, 45

Ahgulimaliya-sutra 299 Aniruddha 197, 235 annihilation, annihilationism 143, 152, 153,154, 176, 231, 233 anuttara samyaksambodhi (see also enlightenment, perfect) 193, 202 Aparagodaniya 146

356

Apramanabha. See Immeasurable Radiance

Apramänäsubha. See Immeasurable Purity

argha 301

arhat(s) 38,149, 152, 159, 161, 191, 229, 285

Aryadeva 312

Asamjnisattva. See Thoughtless ascetic!s) 166,229,322 practice(s) 3, 161, 182, 201, 202, 242

aspiration (see also bodhicitta) 183 for enlightenment 9, 22,137, 173,198, 199

initial 183,198, 199, 201 great 146, 173, 182, 211 asura(s) (see also demigod) 38, 91, 167,193, 284, 317, 325 Asvaghosa 41

Atapa. See Untormented Avalokitesvara 137, 192, 227, 246, 247, 301, 303, 311, 322, 323 Avatamsaka doctrine 242 Avatamsaka Sutra (see also Flower Ornament Sutra) 264, 275 Avici Hell (see also Hell of Immediate Retribution) 292

Avrha. See Unafflicted B

becoming a Buddha 7, 28, 68, 129, 201, 202, 217

in this very body (see also Buddhahood, attainment of n the present body) 6-7, 65, 67, 68, 73, 75,129

Benkenmitsunikyöron. See On the Differences between the Exoteric and Esoteric Teachings Bhagavän 52, 56, 58, 149

Bhaisajyaguru 276

Bhaviveka 35, 218

bhiksu(s) (see also monk) 45,173, 174, 253

bhiksuni(s) (see also nun) 173 bija (see also seed-syllable) 10, 301 birth (see also birth-and-death; non-birth; rebirth) 18, 34, 49, 72, 96, 110,113,115, 135, 140, 141,145-6, 149, 155,173,177, 178,181,189, 207, 221, 241, 263, 267, 287, 295, 304, 327 four modes of 135, 136, 284, 297 birth-and-death (see also rebirth; samsara; transmigration) 40, 45, 51, 59, 78, 108, 111, 143,151, 154,175,176, 187,189, 200 birth in the Pure Land, Sukhavatl, Western Paradise 246, 249, 261, 262, 304, 311-13, 325, 326 cause for 248, 311, 324, 325, 326 nine stages of 248, 262, 304, 311 Birth of Merit 150

bodhi (see also anuttara samyaksambodhi; enlightenment) 31, 50, 51, 52, 65, 69, 122, 128, 129, 185, 187,193, 194, 206, 209, 210, 270, 276, 277

bodhicitta (see also aspiration; bodhi-mind; enlightenment, mind of) 9, 41, 47, 211, 270, 276, 277, 281, 287, 304

bodhimanda (see also enlightenment, place of) 50, 130, 201

bodhi-mind (see also aspiration; bodhicitta; enlightenment, mind of) 9, 53, 67, 76, 77, 111, 127, 128,130,188, 194, 207, 209, 210, 211, 212

bodhisattva(s) 20, 24, 25, 35, 41, 49, 50, 51, 52, 55, 57, 70, 71, 72, Index

74, 75, 89, 91, 101, 110, 111, 118, 124, 127, 128, 146,153, 167,169, 173, 175, 182,183,184,194,196, 197,198, 202, 203, 204, 205, 210, 211, 213, 232, 233, 234, 253, 261, 264, 267, 283, 284, 292, 301, 307, 315, 316, 323, 324, 326 of equal enlightenment 17,26, 53, 61, 66, 75

four (see also Four Paramita Bodhisattvas) 55, 207, 208, 300, 311

great 51, 56, 198

practices 31, 128,186, 205 stage. See stage

of the ten stages 17, 26, 49, 54, 61, 66, 75,169

vehicle(s) 128, 214

who welled up from the earth 192, 195, 234

yet to enter the ten stages 17, 50, 169

Bodhi-site Sutra 38

bodhi tree 58,191

body(ies) (see also becoming a Buddha, in this very body) 26, 35, 36, 42, 48, 51, 53, 55, 56, 58-9, 65, 66, 67-9, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 89, 99, 100, 101, 102,103,112, 117, 118, 119, 122, 123, 125, 127, 136, 148, 149, 158, 163, 164, 166, 168,175, 180, 181,190,192,194, 195, 196, 199, 201, 203, 205, 210, 211, 212, 217, 220, 224, 235, 246, 248, 249, 261, 270, 271, 273, 279, 285, 286, 288, 289, 292, 299, 307, 308, 311, 315, 316, 321

adamantine 66, 210, 220 of blessed virtues 280-1 dharma 72

357

Index

body(ies) (continued) Dharma-nature (see also Dharma body) 21,58-9

Dharma-realm, of the Dharma realm (see also dharmadhatukaya) 54, 76 enjoyment (see also sambhogakaya) 50, 53, 54, 57, 201, 212 in five phases 201, 210 four, fourfold, four kinds of 50, 53, 79, 86, 102, 122, 266, 284, 286, 296, 299, 300, 301 homogeneous (see also nisyandakaya) 50, 53, 57, 79, 102, 212, 224

karma 54, 72

karmic 275

mystery of (see also three mysteries) 60, 66, 75, 89, 210, 269, 285, 326

original 195

other-enjoyment 17,19, 42, 47, 61, 67, 77, 169, 217, 237 own-nature (see also svabhavakaya) 26, 33, 42, 50, 52, 53, 57, 79, 212

recompense (see also sambhogakaya) 61, 102, 113, 119, 125, 169, 184, 224

response 17, 19, 61, 125, 217, 220 responsive-transformation 31, 49, 169, 217, 220, 224, 237 reward (see also sambhogakaya) 300

samaya 71, 72, 73

self-enjoyment 47, 48, 51, 52, 77 ten 198, 199

three (see also dharmakaya; nirmanakaya; sambhogakaya) 17, 22, 47, 52, 56, 58, 72, 74, 78, 79,119,184, 186, 219, 299 358

transformation (see also nirmanakaya) 17, 26, 35-6, 42, 48, 50, 53, 57, 61, 76, 79,122, 125, 184, 212, 217, 220 wisdom 54, 55, 56, 76, 113, 275, 326

body, speech, and mind 49, 54, 57, 58, 60, 80, 253, 255, 263, 326 Book of Changes 164

Book of ilial Piety 164 Book of ites 164

Book of ongs 164

Brahma 124, 142, 151, 153,154, 157, 158

Brahmajala-sutra 232

Brahmaparisadya. See Brahma's Retainers

Brahmapurohita. See Brahma's Aides

Brahmaraja 38

Brahma's Aides 150

Brahma's Retainers 150 Brhatphala. See Extensive Fruit bright pearl, parable of 192, 234 Broken Stump (see also Tan, Duke) 135, 227

Buddha (see also Dharma-Buddha; Sakyamuni) 5, 6, 7, 17, 18, 22, 26, 28,31-2, 33,34-6, 42, 45, 50, 51, 55, 58-9, 60, 65, 67, 68, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 82, 99, 100, 103, 111, 114, 119, 120, 121, 129, 130,138,145, 153, 155, 157, 165, 166, 167, 168,178, 180, 181, 182, 186, 192, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 201, 202, 203, 211, 212, 214, 217, 220, 224, 225, 231, 232, 234, 235, 236, 253, 254, 261, 262, 264, 265, 266, 267, 285, 286, 291, 294, 295, 297, 299, 300, 301, 304, 308, 317, 324, 326

body(ies) of. See body(ies) deeds 56, 58, 77, 99, 212 Dharma-body 31, 47, 59 Dharma-nature 19

eighty minor marks of 59, 74 -essence 35, 121

Eternal 275

family of 48, 77

knowledge-and-insight of 209, 236 lifespan of 195

and Mahamatl 31, 46-7 and Manjusri 38-9

original 120, 192

Own-nature 17

path of 34, 190,195

provisional 192

Recompense-, of Recompense 31, 46,101, 102, 218

Response- 46, 214, 218, 219 Responsive-Transformation 32, 46, 47,102, 218

Reward 275

and Sariputra 40

Self-enjoyment 17, 19, 49, 51 stage of. See stage, of the Buddha and Suvikrantavikramin 36 teaching(s) 150, 170,173, 231 thirty-two major characteristics of 59, 74

Transformation-, of Transformation 34, 35, 46, 202, 214, 219 and Vajrapani (Lord of Mysteries) 193-4

vehicle(s) 65, 150, 214, 263 virtues 55,198

wisdom(s) 29, 30, 31, 65, 67, 192, 212, 305, 307, 324

Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha (see also Three Jewels) 80, 161, 218, 254

Buddha Family 263, 325 Index

Buddhahood 6,17, 22, 31, 32, 42, 44, 50, 51, 67, 68, 75, 79,120, 157, 173,186, 192, 211, 212, 214, 246, 264, 265, 267, 268, 278, 285, 292-3, 300, 306, 319-20 attainment of in the present body (see also becoming a Buddha, in this very body) 245-6, 249, 262, 272, 278, 289, 291, 319-20, 321-3, 325

Buddha land(s) 27, 31, 55, 56, 100, 101, 201, 257, 292, 312, 313 Buddha-nature(s) 22,102,189, 281, 282, 288

Buddhas (see also TathagatasJ 22, 24-6, 30, 31, 38, 41, 43, 49, 50, 51, 70, 71, 73, 75, 81, 82, 89, 91, 99, 110, 119,124,131,137, 153, 174, 180,181, 182,184, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 211, 212, 220, 221, 236, 237, 261, 262, 264, 266, 270, 275, 282, 284, 285, 286, 291, 292, 298, 307, 308, 315, 316, 325, 326

of the five directions (see also Five Buddhas) 53, 207 of the four quarters (see also Four Buddhas) 208

of the ten directions (see also Ten Buddhas) 210

Buddhism (see also Esoteric Buddhism; Exoteric Buddhism; Nikaya Buddhism) 3, 4, 5, 9,12, 136,145, 161, 163,165, 166, 168, 170, 171, 172, 230, 233, 242, 243, 293

Buddhist(s) 10, 11, 85, 125,159, 165, 221, 231, 232, 246, 248, 249, 300

monks 12,163, 165

path 264, 265, 315, 317 359

Index

Buddhist(s) (continued) scriptures, sutras, texts 5, 7, 65, 135, 167

teaching(s) 159, 166, 218, 301, 311, 315

Buddhist Dharma 34, 35, 37,127, 130, 149, 170-1, 172, 173 burning house, parable of 191, 192, 230, 233, 274

c

caitya(s) 138, 228, 285 cakra(s) 275

chest 246, 273

earth 279

face 246,273

five 246, 247, 261, 269, 272-3, 275, 278, 292, 303, 312, 322, 325 head 246,273

knee 273

space 273

stomach 246, 273

water 279

cakravartin. See wheel-turning king

calming and contemplation 192, 195

campaka 301

Candra 154

carts. See three carts, parable of Caturmaharajika. See Four Great Heavenly Kings

cause(s) (see also cause and condition; causes, practices, and results) 25, 28, 36, 69, 80-1, 95, 96, 97, 107, 109, 110, 117, 119, 126, 127-9, 130, 138, 144, 147, 172,173, 178, 182, 189, 198, 201, 205, 213, 214, 221, 225, 226, 253, 266, 270, 280, 286, 297, 298, 304, 321, 326, 327

360

for birth in the Pure Land 248, 311, 324, 325, 326 direct 248, 311, 324, 326 direct and indirect 271, 324 direct and secondary 266, 269, 298

immediate 317, 324, 325 inapprehensibility of 69, 108-9, 117

and karma 69, 81, 221 karmic 281, 321, 322, 324 of nirvana 51, 157 of practice 28, 176 and result(s) 32, 69, 80, 81,112, 125,141,143,165,173,180,199 of samsara 254, 263 and seeds of karma 140,176, 214 six 107, 224-5

true 129, 130

cause(s) and condition(s) (see also cause; condition) 24, 25, 27, 33, 43, 50, 68, 69, 81, 99, 107, 109-10, 113,117, 126, 128, 139, 152, 165,176, 177-9, 188, 189, 206, 234

twelve, twelvefold 136, 177, 179, 180, 189, 206

causes, practices, and results 127-9 cessation (see also extinction; nirvana) 297, 298

Ch'an 195

Ch'ang-an 3

Chang Liang 165, 231 characteristic(s) 30, 31, 34, 35, 39, 41, 44, 46-7, 52, 80, 89, 95, 97, 115, 116, 125, 137, 139, 140, 141, 161, 196, 211, 223, 294, 297, 299, 300, 326

common 46, 125

of dharmas 34, 193

distinguishing 115,193,194, 195,199

of empty space 193,194 individual 39, 46, 93 of names 37-8, 126, 127 major. See Buddha, thirty-two major characteristics of of mind, mind-only 275, 298 of patterned signs 93 of speech 41

of true reality 30, 47 Cheng 229

Cheng fa men 300

Ch'eng-kuan 236, 313 Ch'en P'ing 165,231 ch'i (see also primal pneuma) 143, 228, 279

Chieh, King 175

Chih-che 195

Chih Chiao Ch'an Shih 279 Chih-i 246, 312

Chih-yen 200, 236 Ch'in dynasty 171 First Emperor of 18, 171 China 3, 4,12, 20, 45, 123,164, 191, 223, 228, 230, 235 Chinese 86, 92, 227, 229, 231, 244, 246, 248

language 4, 6,10, 69,167, 218, 222, 226, 230, 235, 297 Ch'ing-liang. See Ch'eng-kuan Chi-tsang 189, 233 Chou 21, 167,171, 229, 230 Duke of (see also Tan, Duke) 164, 227

King 162

ChouCh'u 144,229,274 Chuang-tzu 234

Chung-lun 296, 298, 299 Chung Tzu-ch'i 161 cintamani 307

Index

citta (see also mind) 82, 222 cognition 41, 47, 76,120, 136, 140, 176,187,197, 220

color(s) 20, 93, 94, 95, 99, 100, 102, 103, 111, 130, 193,194, 224, 248, 283, 301

five 94, 98,103, 248, 289 black 94, 248, 282, 288 blue 94,193,194, 248, 279 red 94,193, 248, 281, 287 white 94, 193, 209, 248, 280, 287 yellow 94, 193, 194, 248, 282, 283, 288

commentary(ies) 11,13,35,87, 169, 200, 218, 224, 225, 227, 245, 246, 247, 262, 263, 264, 292, 293, 313, 320, 327

Commentary on the Gateway to Meditation on the Dharma Realm 236

Commentary on the Mahâvairocana Sutra 87, 88, 89, 188, 209, 224, 225, 227, 228 Commentary on the Mahayana Treatise 18, 20, 21-2, 24-6, 29, 39-40,186, 190-1,196, 203-4, 218, 228

common being(s), person (see also ordinary being, people, person; worldling) 141, 183-4, 284, 285, 291, 295, 299, 328 mind of 139, 141, 214 compassion 35,136,137, 140, 169, 170,172,175, 184,194, 203, 232, 254

great 30, 52, 55, 77, 79,128,129, 130,140, 170, 172, 206, 279, 280, 281, 326

Complete Purity 150 condition! ) (see also cause and condition) 20, 27, 28, 43, 69, 361

Index

condition(s) (continued) 103, 109, 110, 118, 119,139,178, 188, 189, 198, 200, 232, 234, 245 causal 107, 225

dominant 78, 221

eight 274

four 224, 225

generative 110

right 43, 144, 181 two 178-9

conditioned 34, 93, 94, 100, 101, 102, 103,112, 195, 199, 201 Confucian, Confucianism, Confucianist(s) 11,12,145,161,165, 230 Confucius 161, 164, 166, 167, 174, 191, 230

consciousness(es) 36, 46, 68, 69-70, 72, 95, 121, 136, 157, 178, 184, 194, 210, 220, 246, 248, 275, 279, 280, 283, 299 alaya- (see also alaya, alayavijnana; consciousness, storehouse-) 78,218,276

amara- 276, 282

body- 41,230

ear- 41, 230

ego- (see also consciousness, manas-) 218, 230

eight 121, 137, 184, 218, 294 eighth (see also consciousness, storehouse-) 176, 181, 184, 230, 232

eye- 41, 94, 95, 230 manas- (see also consciousness, ego-) 41,218,230

many-and-one- 41, 82, 218, 222 mind-, of the mind, mental 41, 95,181, 230, 279, 280, 283 nine 121,286,294

nose- 41, 230

one-oneness- 41, 218 362

seven 117,184, 218, 232 seventh (see also consciousness, manas-) 176,181, 230, 232 six 121,157, 176, 230, 294 sixth (see also consciousness, mind-) 176

storehouse- (see also alaya, alayavijnana; consciousness, alaya-) 39, 78,117,184, 218, 230 ten 294

tongue- 41, 230

consciousness-only 70, 136, 140, 183, 220

contemplation(s) (see also calming and contemplation) 44, 192, 195, 267, 278, 284-5, 289, 294, 312, 315, 316, 319, 321, 322, 327 Controlling the Magical Transformations of Others 150

cosmology 229, 231, 232 Cow-Head (see also Shen Nung) 135, 227

D

Daianji 242

Daidenboin 243-4

Daigoji 243, 244

Dainihonzokuzökyö-manji zokuzö 301

dais 262,284,285,301 däna (see also giving) 46, 116 däna-päramitä (see also perfection, of giving) 253

defilement(s) 69,116,137,161,187, 230, 270, 271, 280, 286, 295, 298 five 162, 171, 172, 233, 263 deity(ies) 9, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 66, 74, 75, 78, 79, 89, 90,121, 124, 205, 210, 211, 212, 213, 219, 228, 248, 265, 286, 289, 309, 320, 323, 325, 326

eight 261, 301

five 219

sacred 71, 72

thirty-seven 50, 54, 206, 207, 208, 220

wrathful 316

deity yoga 74

delusion(s) 21, 39, 40, 49, 93,118, 136, 137,178, 186,190, 203, 228, 233, 263, 265, 298

demigod(s) (see also asura) 91, 158, 167, 284

demon(s) (see also mara) 38, 92, 125, 149, 166,174, 183,192, 229, 249, 261, 262, 272, 285, 315-17 evil 249, 315

four 130-1,187,249,269-70, 307, 315

heavenly 50, 130

pacification of 249, 262, 315-17 Denboin 243, 245

dependent arising (see also pratityasamutpada) 27, 36, 200, 295, 298 twelve causes of, twelvefold chain of, twelve links of (see also causes and conditions, twelve) 128, 140, 176, 177, 180, 280, 299, 312

designation(s) (see also name-sign; sign) 23, 26, 38, 39, 45, 59, 60, 80, 82, 95, 108,110, 124, 317 secret 53, 56, 73, 92, 126,127 destiny(ies) 78, 149, 184,193, 315, 317

five 51, 78, 284, 286 six 141, 184, 203, 208, 211, 284, 297

three evil 142-3

deva(s) (see also god) 261, 284, 293, 317, 326

Devadatta 174, 231

Index

Devendra. See Sakra

dharani(s) 44, 45, 50, 58, 60, 114, 126, 203, 225, 249, 303, 316, 325 gateway(s) 43, 44-5, 48, 58, 60, 61, 77, 225

dharma(s) 26, 33, 34, 41, 46, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 80, 82, 92, 93, 86, 107, 111, 122,140,168, 180, 193, 194, 201, 203, 204, 212, 221, 222, 225, 230, 235, 295

marks 70, 71, 221

non-birth of 34, 69

unborn nature of 69, 81, 90, 113, 114

Dharma (see also Buddhist Dharma; Imitative Dharma; Latter Dharma; True Dharma) 5, 8, 19, 20, 24, 25, 36, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 54, 57, 59, 77, 78, 89, 112,130, 131,137,159, 164, 166, 167,168, 169,170, 173, 174, 178, 180, 181,183,194, 203, 218, 231, 232, 235, 245, 253, 279, 326 expounding of 19, 20, 21, 34-5, 36, 40, 43, 44, 46-7, 51, 52, 55, 57, 59, 60, 61, 80, 85,100, 214 gateway(s) 50, 57, 78, 82, 111, 149, 186, 200, 202, 203 jewel 43,151

of the Mahayana 23-4,25,46, 204

phrases 88, 166

slander of 167, 168, 170 transmitter(s) of 19, 20, 166, 213 treasury(ies) 44

true 43, 44, 130

Dharma bliss 17, 49,137, 169, 215 Dharma body(ies) (see also dharmakdya) 5, 8,19, 32, 43, 45, 48, 49, 52, 53, 55, 59, 60, 61, 66, 67, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 80, 81, 90, 92,101, 363

Index

Dharma body(ies) (continued) 103, 111, 113, 117,123,124,125, 284, 194,195, 203, 205, 211, 214, 215, 224, 233

four, fourfold 48, 52, 53, 57, 70, 71, 73,122-3,215

own-nature (see also svabhavadharmakaya) 26, 33, 42, 55,169 subtle 49, 54

Dharma-Buddha (see also Dharma body) 5, 8,17, 21, 46, 47, 65, 66, 68, 75, 85, 89, 100, 101, 218 dharmadhatu (see also Dharma realm) 116, 249, 255, 271, 285, 286, 294, 298, 299, 300, 311, 312, 316, 321, 327

essence 269, 321, 322 of the six elements 272, 275, 289 three mysteries of 293-4 wisdom 276, 277, 278, 285, 289 dharmadhatu dharmakaya 247, 269, 275

dharmadhatukaya (see also body, Dharma-realm, of the Dharma realm) 246, 300, 301

Dharmakara 303

dharmakaya(s) (see also Dharma body; dharmadhatu dharmakaya; svabhava-dharmakaya) 5, 243, 244, 245, 246, 265, 266, 267, 269, 279, 280, 285, 286, 289, 299, 316 five 300

four 246, 267, 307

of the six elements 283, 301 three mysteries of 316 Dharma-nature 43, 120, 125, 198 Dharmapala 249, 311, 312 Dharmaparamita 138, 207 Dharma realm (see also dharmadhatu) 27, 33, 39, 51, 53, 56, 58, 73, 76, 82, 99,100, 101, 102, 103, 109, 111, 116, 122,124, 125, 137, 141, 152,183, 184, 185,196, 198| 200, 205, 206, 207, 210, 211 Dharma wheel 39, 76, 127, 203, 207, 316

dhyäna(s) (see also meditation) 43, 150-1, 159, 274, 315, 316 four 136, 150, 151, 302 dhyäna-päramitä (see also perfection, of meditation) 253

diminution (see also nondiminution) 108, 111, 113, 118, 120, 122,126, 127

Dirghanakha 230

disc. See lunar disc; solar disc disciple(s) 4, 20, 43, 48, 77, 169, 174, 200, 234, 235

discipline(s) (see also Vinaya) 43, 44 three (see also meditation; morality; wisdom) 43,151-2, 159 discourse(s) 17, 23, 38, 60, 69, 88, 196

discrimination! ) (see also nondiscrimination) 34, 35, 38, 44, 112,

144,154, 194, 197, 207, 327 doctrine(s) 17, 25, 50, 67, 85, 121, 129, 181, 213, 218, 221, 224, 225, 232, 235, 242, 243, 246, 263 Doji 242

dragon(s) (see also näga) 38, 92,125, 148,149,157,160,162,167,174, 192,200, 229, 261, 274, 277, 290 Dundubhisvara 138, 228, 276, 277, 278

E

ego (see also consciousness, ego-; selD 264, 295

egolessness (see also no-self) 294 Eightfold Noble Path 183 Eight Good Men 160

364

Eight Good Ministers 165, 231 eight negations 126, 140,187, 189 Eight Offering Goddesses (see also Four Inner Goddesses of Offering; Four Outer Goddesses of Offering) 137,208,228 Eight Wise Men 160

Ekaksarosnisacakravartin 65 element(s) 56, 90, 96, 144, 200, 224, 275, 317

consciousness 69, 72, 275 earth 69, 72, 90, 144, 223, 231, 248, 270, 272, 276, 279, 282, 283, 284, 288, 289, 290 fire 69, 72, 90, 223, 231, 248, 272, 280-1, 283, 284, 287-8, 291 five 56, 68, 70, 90, 94,103, 145, 172, 220, 223, 228, 231, 246, 247, 248, 272, 275-6, 280, 283, 286

four 72, 73, 86, 96, 98,177,181 metal 231, 248, 276, 277, 280, 287, 288, 291

mind 72, 73

primary 96-8

six 67, 68-9, 70-1, 72-3, 221, 268, 272, 275, 283, 284, 286, 289, 292, 299, 300, 301, 326 space 69, 72, 90, 223, 271, 272, 277, 284, 285, 286

water 69, 72, 90, 223, 231, 248, 270, 272, 276, 277, 279, 281, 282, 284, 287, 288, 290 wind 69, 72, 90, 223, 271, 272, 276, 277, 280, 281, 284 wood 231, 248, 276, 277, 279, 281, 282, 283, 287, 288, 289, 290

empowerment 48, 51, 54, 57, 75, 77, 129, 181, 221, 249, 320 emptiness (see also sunyata) 29, Index

30, 40, 69,112, 113, 136,140, 151, 154, 187, 189,191, 195, 199, 206, 208, 211, 269, 271, 275, 293 absolute 137,187

dot of 128, 129, 131

and existence 30, 152, 153, 154 great 128, 129,131, 285 of persons, of persons and things 32, 78,128,175, 183

samadhi of. See samadhi, of emptiness

enlightenment 5, 6, 7,18, 31, 36, 55, 68, 77, 82, 93,136, 137, 168, 179, 191,192,195,198, 199, 200, 203, 204, 210, 211, 218, 219, 229, 230, 231, 232, 235, 246, 247, 248, 249, 261, 263, 269, 270, 271, 275, 276, 277, 282, 286, 287, 293, 301, 319, 323, 324, 326

aspiration for. See aspiration equal 17, 26, 53, 61, 66, 75, 77 five-stage process of (see also pancakarabhisambodhikrama) 220, 236, 268

great 67, 153, 261, 271, 311, 319 mind of (see also bodhicitta; bodhi-mind) 41, 201, 270, 273, 276, 281, 304, 321, 323 original 22,118,145,190, 203, 287, 288

perfect (see also anuttara samyaksambodhi) 50, 66,127,187,193, 196,198, 201, 202, 304, 320 place of (see also bodhimanda) 130, 201, 202

thirty-seven factors of 43,157,177 true 12, 61, 119, 326 Enjoying Magical Transformations 150

eon(s) (see also kalpd) 49, 59,102, 119, 130, 148,166,173, 179, 181, 365

Index

eon(s) (continued)

188, 190, 196, 199, 202, 205, 211, 213, 232, 268

of cosmic destruction 111-12 of decrease 161, 171,172, 231 of increase 161,172,231 mustard-seed 197, 232

one great asamkhyeya 76, 77, 184 sixty 157, 161, 175

stone 197, 232

three 65, 185, 187, 228, 233 three great asamkhyeya, incalculable 6, 17, 47, 48, 50, 182,186 esoteric 5, 6,10,12,17,18,19, 20, 21, 52, 60, 73, 85, 89, 90,125,128, 169,197, 205, 214, 246, 247, 262, 263, 265, 269, 307, 311, 324, 327 mandala. See mandala, esoteric meaning(s) 20, 53, 88-9, 90, 121 practice. See practice, esoteric ritual(s) 3, 5, 322

teaching. See teaching, esoteric treasury. See treasury, esoteric Esoteric Buddhism, Esotericism 3, 4, 5-6, 8, 10,11, 12, 65, 123, 242, 249, 261, 265-8, 294, 316, 326 Sino-Japanese 220, 221, 223, 226 Essay on Generating the Bodhimind in the Hua-yen 235 Essay on the Five Teachings of the Hua-yen 26, 28, 29

"Teaching of the Nonobstruction of the Dependent Arising of the Ten Mysteries" 27

Essays on the Garden of harma and the Grove of Meaning in the Mahay na 32-3

Essential Purport of the Flower Ornament Sutra 200

eternalism 143, 152, 231 evil 22, 141, 143, 145, 161, 172, 173, 186, 264, 304, 315, 316 acts, deeds (see also ten evil deeds) 44,172, 214, 253, 254, 274 age 162,172

demons. See demon(s), evil karma. See karma, evil path. See path(s), three evil evil spirits 249, 315

Excalibur (see also Mo-yeh) 157 existence (see also nonexistence; self-existence) 22, 30, 38, 40, 54, 109, 116, 140, 143,152, 153, 154, 158,185, 187, 188, 263, 271, 275, 286, 293, 295

four phases of 113, 177, 221, 294-5

modes of 109, 110

exoteric 5, 8, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 29, 31, 33, 41, 42, 47, 48, 49, 52, 60, 65, 67, 73, 82, 85, 90, 125, 128, 141, 169, 195, 197. 198, 249, 265, 315, 324, 327

meaning 10, 56, 60, 88-9, 90 teaching. See teaching, exoteric Exoteric Buddhism, Exotericism 4, 5, 6, 8,10, 12, 247, 261, 265-8, 294, 305, 326

expedient means 30, 32, 50, 54, 55, 59, 77,128,129, 177, 182, 194, 205, 206, 209, 277, 278, 285, 323, 326

seven 127, 128

Extensive Fruit 151

extinction (see also cessation; nirvana) 34,113, 118, 158, 176, 179, 180, 181, 189, 230, 231, 295 Extremely Radiant Purity 150 F

faculty(ies), of people 161, 162,184, 249, 262, 309, 313, 321, 322, 327 366

good 312, 313

great 249, 321, 322

small 249, 321, 322-3 faith 77,181, 270, 273, 278, 285, 289, 292, 304, 305, 307, 320, 325, 326, 327

deep 311, 319

profound 311, 312

Pure Land (see also Pure Land school) 242, 243, 245 ten levels of 28, 182, 199 faith-and-understanding. See vow, of faith-and-understanding Fa-hsiang school (see also Hosso school; Northern school; Yogacara school) 217, 218, 232, 264 families

five 137,273,286,309 three 263, 268, 286, 325, 327 twenty-five 309

Father (see also Buddha) 136, 137 Fa-tsang 200, 235, 236, 313 Fei Ch'ang-fang 148,229 First Noble Truth (see also Four Noble Truths) 297

Five Buddhas (see also families, five) 53, 55, 69, 90, 208, 219, 220, 223, 228, 246, 247, 248, 275, 277, 278, 284, 286, 289 Five Classics 163,166, 167 five extremes 23, 53, 189,190 five flavors, simile of 45 Five Marchmounts 141, 228 five organs 247, 248, 276, 281, 283, 285, 286, 287, 289, 327 gods of 290-1

heart 248, 276, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 285, 287, 288, 291 kidneys 248, 276, 278, 279, 281, 282, 283, 287, 288, 290 Index

liver 248, 276, 278, 279, 280, 281, 287, 288, 290

lungs 248, 276, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 287, 288, 291 spleen 248, 276, 278, 281, 282, 283, 287, 288, 290

five phases (see also enlightenment, five-stage process of; pancakarabhisambodhikrama) 74, 201, 205, 210

Five Virtuous Ministers 165, 231 Flower-Ornament Samadhi of the Five Teachings 200

Flower Ornament Sutra (see also Avatamsaka Sutra) 25, 26, 27, 28, 91, 98, 99-100, 102,198, 199, 200, 217, 234, 235 "Chapter on the Inconceivable Dharmas of the Buddha" 28 "Entry into the Dharma Realm. " See GandavyUha.

form(s) (see also matter; name-andform) 254, 261, 266, 275, 279, 280, 283, 285, 287, 290, 298, 299, 307, 318, 319, 320, 326 and mind 272, 275, 283, 296, 327 realm of. See realm, of form of syllables (see also syllable) 269, 270, 307, 320

four approaches and four fruits 157, 230

Four Buddhas 207

Four Gatekeepers 208, 219 Four Great Heavenly Kings 150 four groups of believers (see also laymen; laywomen; monk; nun) 168 four immeasurables 232 Four Inner Goddesses of Offering (see also Eight Goddesses of Offering) 219,228

367

Index

four methods of conversion 232 Four Noble Truths 127,128, 157, 181, 191, 297, 312

Four Outer Goddesses of Offering (see also Eight Goddesses of Offering) 219, 228

Four Pàramita Bodhisattvas 207, 208, 228

Four Pàramita Consorts 137 four propositions 23, 30, 31 frivolous argument(s) 33, 34, 36, 40, 73, 140, 142, 187, 189, 190, 195, 196, 199

Fu Hsi 126, 171

G

Gaganaganja 304,311 Gaganâmala 56

gakuryo gata 242, 243 Gandavyuha 234, 235 gandharva{s) 91,149,185,193, 317 Ganges River 18, 22, 54, 55, 121, 143, 166, 202, 286

Garbhadhâtu Mandala 243, 245, 248, 268, 273

garudais) 91, 142, 193, 229, 317 gate(s), gateway(s) 25, 49, 58, 112, 124, 194, 211, 261, 279, 282 dhâranl. See dhdranl, gateway Dharma. See Dharma, gateway eighty-four thousand 202 first 31, 34, 37, 190,195 mantra. See mantra, gateway samâdhi. See samâdhi, gateway three 271,281

to the three mysteries 17, 49, 51 gateways of letters 89,114,129, 205 of the letter A 89, 109, 110,125, 189

of the letter Ha 69,107, 108, 109, 125, 130

368

of the letter Hum 131 of the letter Kha 129,130 of the letter Ma 108, 122,125 of the letter U 114-17,125 gatha(s) 166

Gengaku 322

Genkan 159,230

ghee 18, 21, 44, 45, 138, 307 giving (see also perfection, of giving) 46,116, 232

god(s) (see also deva) 11, 38, 50, 51, 60, 91, 92, 112, 124,125, 154,155, 158, 167, 173, 174, 193, 277, 284, 285, 315

eight classes of 124-5, 158, 167, 317

five (see also five organs, gods of) 246, 290-1

Golden World 328

Gonzo 243

Good-Appearing 151

Good-Looking 151

Great Brahma 150

Great Calming and Contemplation 29

Great Enlightened One(s) 85, 108, 136,157,197

Great Master of T'ien-t'ai 29 Great Perfection of Wisdom Treatise 21, 33, 34, 37, 58-9, 60, 98, 110,194-5, 196, 224 Great Sage (see also Sakyamuni) 17, 148, 167, 173,175, 303 Great Sun. See Mahavairocana Great Teacher 85

Great Vehicle (see also Mahayana) 35, 46, 60,149, 175, 181 great void 66, 111, 112, 118, 124, 158,186, 196

Group of Six 174, 231 gyonin 242

H

Han dynasty 21, 231 heaven(s) 11, 23, 38, 111, 119, 139, 143,148, 149, 150-1,152, 153, 155, 158, 161, 162, 185, 196, 214, 264, 272, 286, 301 eighteen, of the realm of form 150-1

four dhyana, of the realm of form 229

four, of the realm of non-form 151 six, of the realm of desire 150, 229 ten 153

twenty-eight 150-1 Heaven 171,173

heavenly

beings 20,148, 149,150, 159, 214 demons. See demons, heavenly female messengers 53, 54 Heian 3, 322

hell(s) 91, 136,141, 142, 143, 152, 167, 182, 185, 214, 272, 286, 287, 305, 324, 327

dweller(s) 284

realm(s) 253, 274, 284 Hell of Immediate Retribution (see also Avici Hell) 213 heretic(s) (see also non-Buddhist) 249, 315

Higashiyama, Emperor 325 hijiri 242, 244

Himalayas 166

Himitsu mandara jujushin ron. See Treatise on the Ten Stages of the Mind as a Secret Mandala Hinayana 11, 60, 214 Hindu(s) 11, 229

Hizen no kuni 241

Hizohoyaku. See Precious Key to the Secret Treasury, The Index

holy ones 157, 161, 210 Hoshobo. See Kyojin Hosso school (see also Fa-hsiang school; Yogacara school) 11, 94, 112,119, 217, 225, 232 householders 173, 311 Hsia dynasty 171, 235 Hsiang-hsiang. See Fa-tsang Hsien-chih 161

Hsien-yii yin-yuan ching 231 Hsiian-tsung 21

Huai-nan, prince of (see also Liu An) 148,229

Huai-nan-tzu 235

Hua T'a 161

Hua-yen school (see also Kegon school) 11,199-200, 217, 235, 236, 313

Hui-kuo 3

Hui-tzu 312

hungry ghost(s) 136, 284 realm of 91, 143, 253, 273, 284 I

I 161

icchantika(s) 44, 286, 291 ignorance 22, 23, 24, 30, 61, 99, 112, 137,140, 141,142,148,177,178, 180,186, 191,196,198, 204, 206, 254, 263, 273, 274, 280, 286, 287, 288, 289, 291, 307, 313, 317, 324 Illuminating Secret Commentary on the Meaning of the Five Cakras and the Nine Syllables 241, 245-9, 257-328

illusion(s) 36, 114, 253, 328 image(s) 74, 285

Imitative Dharma 161, 231, 267, 309 Immeasurable Purity 150 Immeasurable Radiance 150 369

Index

impermanence 38,113,117,154,177 incantation(s) 284, 285 India 191

Indications of the Goals of the Eighteen Assemblies 215 Indra 89

school of 88, 89, 125 Indra's net 68, 79-80, 121,199, 200, 266, 296, 326 initiation(s) 4, 5, 48, 51, 58, 66, 78, 243, 327

insignia 51, 54, 71, 72, 74, 101, 228 Isano Heiji Kanemoto 241 Isvara 142, 154 I Yin 165,231

J

Jambudvlpa 50, 145 Japan 3, 4, 5,10,164, 236, 242, 245 Jayosnisa 282

Jichie 313

Jingoji 3

Jokai 244

jhana. See knowledge; wisdom jhana-mudra. See mudra, jhdnamudra Jojuin 241, 242, 243 Jujuseikyo 301

Jujushinron (see also Ten Stages, The) 247, 324

Junna, Emperor 10 K

Kakuban 241-9,251,257,292 Kakuju 242

kalpa(s) (see also eon) 275, 305 asamkhyeya 305, 307 of destruction 313 five hundred 268, 275 three, three great 265, 275, 307 Kan Chiang 229

370

Kanjo 321, 322, 323 karma (see also karmic) 69, 81, 177, 178,180, 201, 207, 221, 253, 286, 305

evil 171-2

good 155

roots of 177

seeds of 136,140, 176, 214, 264 Karma Family 278, 281 Karmaparamita 138, 207 karmic 103, 137, 140, 211, 281, 286 birth 177, 181

cause(s) 281, 321, 322, 324 fetters, hindrances 51, 157 influence 171-2 kasaya 103, 224 Kasyapa (see also Mahakasyapa) 175 Katyayana 45

Kegon school (see also Hua-yen school) 11,120, 217, 235, 295, 313, 326

kimnara(s) 91, 193, 307 King of Physicians (see also Buddha) 18, 138 knowledge(s) 22, 23, 24, 55, 69, 109, 110,128, 140, 149, 175,179, 187, 188, 206, 222, 230, 234, 294, 298, 325

extinction of 158, 181 of nonarising and extinction 158, 179, 209, 230

station of 22, 23, 24, 186, 191, 196, 204

three 110, 159

knowledge-and-insight 209, 236 knowledge-seals 137 Kobo Daishi. See Kukai Kobo Daishi zenshu 324 Kofukuji 241

Kogyo Daishi. See Kakuban Kokuzdgumonjinoho 242

Kongobuji 244, 245 Köyasan (see also Mount Köya) 242, 243, 244, 245 ksänti 46

ksänti-päramitä (see also perfection, of forbearance) 253 Ksitigarbha 301, 303, 304 K'uaFu 197,235

K'uei-chi (see also Tz'u-en) 32 Kükai 3-12, 13, 14, 15, 63, 83, 105, 133, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 226, 227, 231, 232, 233, 234, 236, 237, 242, 243, 245, 246, 247, 271, 285, 289, 293, 296, 311, 320, 324

Kumärajiva 230

Kuo-ch'ing Temple 195 Kyöjin 247, 327

Kyoto 3, 4

Kyüshü 3, 241

L

laity (see also lay followers; laymen; lay omen) 11

Lamp of Prajiiä Treatise 218 "Examination of False Views" 36 "Examination of Nirvana" 34-5 Land Adorned with Mysteries (see also Pure Land, Adorned with Mysteries) 261, 286 Land of Eternally Tranquil Light 192,195, 196

Land of Secret Adornment 212 Land of Secretly Adorned Flower Ornaments 55

Land of Tranquil Refreshment 262 language 5, 6, 8, 9, 10,17, 32, 33, 34, 37, 90, 91, 92, 206 Lanka Sutra 21, 31, 39, 45-7, 49, 52 Lahkävatära-sütra (see also Lanka Sutra) 218

Index

Lao-tzu 161, 166, 167 Latter Dharma (see also mappo) 231, 267, 309

lay followers, officials, practitioners 163,165, 242,253

laymen 4, 158, 173 laywomen 158,173

level(s) (see also stage) 12, 32, 114, 123, 182, 228, 229, 233, 293 fifty-two 185,187,235 five 183, 199, 232 forty-two 229

ten, of faith. See faith, ten levels of liberation(s) 34, 43, 50, 52, 68, 114, 116,144, 154, 155, 157,179, 206, 214, 233, 234, 270, 296 eight 46,136, 177 three 271, 281

Li ch'an wen 291

LiChu 197,235

Limited Purity 150 Limited Radiance 150 Limit of Form (see also Akanistha) 151

Ling Lun 160

Liu An 229

living being(s) (see also sentient being) 172,197, 254, 255, 266, 267, 272, 274, 275, 280-1, 284, 286, 291, 292, 297, 301, 309, 311, 321, 322

Lord of Mysteries (see also Padmapani) 56, 57-8, 71, 143-4, 147, 153-4, 155, 180, 185, 188, 190, 193-4, 199, 201, 202, 205 Lord of the Mind (see also Mahavairocana) 285, 296, 307, 322 lotus(es) 74,101, 138,184,191, 207, 210, 228, 279, 283, 285, 301, 304, 323, 327

dais 262, 284, 285 371

Index

lotus(es) (continued) samädhi. See samädhi, lotus white 209,285,286

Lotus Family 205, 263, 279, 280, 325

Lotus-Repository World 198 Lotus Sutra (see also treasury, Lotus) 6, 31, 98, 191, 196, 209, 217, 218, 226, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 264, 275, 324 lunar disc 53, 54, 202, 206, 207, 209, 285

M

Madhyamaka-kärikä 218, 225 Madhyamaka-sästra. See Chunglun Mädhyamika school (see also Sanron school) 11, 233, 242, 264 Magadha 50

Mahäbrahmä. See Great Brahma Mahäkarunägarbhodbhava Mandala 228

Mahäkäsyapa (see also Käsyapa) 326

Mahämati 31, 39, 45, 46-7 Mahäparinirväna Sutra 217, 297 mahäprajnä 43

Mahäprajnäpäramitä-sütra 208, 315

mahäsattva 111, 201, 286 Mahävairocana (see also Vairocana) 85,101, 123,138, 169, 195, 215, 224, 228, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 261, 265, 269, 273, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 285, 286, 291, 311, 323, 325

Mahävairocana Sutra 11, 56-8, 66, 68-9, 69-70, 72, 74, 80-1, 88, 89, 92, 94-5,100-1, 102, 103, 129,143-4, 147, 149, 153, 372

176, 177, 180, 186, 188, 190,193, 195, 199, 201, 205, 206, 211-12, 220, 221, 224, 225, 226, 227, 231, 237, 271, 284, 309, 313, 317 "Chapter Ten on the Wheel of Letters" 89

"Chapter Twenty-nine on the Samadhi of Characteristiclessness" 89 "Procedural Rites of Worship" 212 Mahayana (see also Great Vehicle) 11, 18, 23,34, 35,44, 112, 121, 126, 140, 153, 181, 182, 183, 185, 186, 204, 214, 264, 284, 291 nondual 24-6, 29, 263, 278, 294 Mahesvara 38, 124

mahoraga(s) 91, 149, 193, 317 Main Points of the Meaning of Passages from the Flower Ornament Sutra 200

Maitreya 45, 192, 234, 301, 303, 324, 325

makaras 142, 229

manas (see also consciousness, ego-, manas-) 230, 276, 299 manda 85

mandala(s) 48, 50, 51, 55, 57, 71, 77, 78, 90, 99, 121, 137, 195, 219, 224, 225, 245, 251, 163, 247, 261, 273, 279, 280, 282, 286, 291, 294, 300, 327

amrta- 301

dharma- 71, 72, 74,138, 221, 228, 272

dharmadhatu 300

eight Ari/i-syllable 246 esoteric 302-3

four 67, 71, 74-5, 121, 137, 236, 284, 285, 286, 300

great (see also mandala, maha-) 71, 72, 74, 228, 272, 286

heart- 286

karma- 74, 75, 138, 228, 273, 281 maha- (see also mandala, great) 71,138, 228, 272

nine-syllable 303

samaya- 71, 72, 74, 138, 228, 272 Mandala of Great Compassion 111, 225

mandarava 301, 313

mani 18,130,138,149, 160 manjusaka 301, 313

Manjusri 38, 39, 45, 56, 124, 199, 234, 289, 301, 303, 328 Manjusrikumarabhuta 124 mantra(s) 7, 9, 38, 39, 57, 69, 74, 75, 76, 80-1,88, 89, 92, 110, 124, 137, 166,176, 180-1, 202, 205, 206, 210, 213, 214, 221, 224, 225, 227, 228, 242, 246, 247, 248, 267, 269, 271, 291, 297, 301, 304, 305, 307, 308, 309, 312, 316, 319, 320, 323, 325, 327

Entering Wisdom 312 five-syllable, of five syllables 248, 249, 270, 271, 284, 325 four 311, 312

gateway(s) 42, 195, 205 heart- 124, 226

nine-syllable 246, 247, 248, 249, 301, 325

one hundred and thirteen-syllable 303

one syllable, of a single syllable 124, 166

Opening the Mind 312 practitioner 71, 72, 75, 144, 155, 181, 206, 211, 325

teachings 33, 38, 42, 67,141, 155, 214-15

three-syllable 75

treasury. See treasury, mantra Index

Twelve Letters 206

Vajra Bond 312

Vajranjali 312

vehicle 169, 215

Wheel of One Hundred Letters 206

mantra-dharani school 50 Mantra Palace 215

mappo (see also Latter Dharma) 243 mara(s) (see also demon) 269, 284, 293, 315, 316

Mara 249, 315, 316

master(s) 19, 20,154, 262, 267, 281, 295

and young man, dialogue of 160-75

matter (see also form) 9, 36, 73, 93, 100, 102-3,121, 187,189,194 Meaning of ecoming a Buddha in This Very Body, The 6-7, 63-82, 89, 80, 219, 220, 226, 227, 228, 236, 320

Meanings of Sound, Sign, and Reality, The 6, 7-9, 83-103, 219, 222, 226, 236

Meaning of the Two Truths, The 233 Meanings of the Word Hum, The (see also Unjigi) 6, 9-10, 105-131, 224, 232, 237, 271 medicinal herbs, parable of 174, 191, 233

medicine 20, 21, 61, 93, 94, 103, 135.136, 138,141, 150,161, 168, 169,172,175, 203, 285 meditation(s) (see also dhyana; samadhi) 7, 43, 46, 51, 76, 112, 127.137, 151,152,159,162,165, 175, 177,191, 208, 210, 211, 227, 234, 236, 244, 253, 261, 293, 301 five stages of (see also pahcakarabhisambodhikrama) 275 373

Index

Meditation on the Dharma Realm 200

mental 41, 96, 142, 168, 172, 270, 280, 295, 311, 322, 327 actions, activity 39, 57, 141,158, 229, 236, 307

afflictions 66, 99, 118, 127,130, 143, 162, 166, 168,176,177-9, 180, 183, 185, 187, 199, 201, 203, 206, 232

attainment 46, 101, 177 dharmas 69, 71, 93

equipoise (see also samddhi) 158, 177, 183

functions 68, 70, 81-2, 121, 123, 187, 188-9

merit(s) 43, 55, 76, 101, 102, 148, 159, 163, 167, 173, 205, 271, 284, 311, 312, 313, 319

transference 217, 229, 311 and wisdom 47, 48, 50, 52, 76, 77, 124, 205

Middle Path 36, 110, 126, 152,189, 286, 293, 298

Middle Treatise 18, 36, 196 Middle View 36

milk, parables and similes of 18, 29-30,31,44, 49, 138, 164 Minamoto no Tameyoshi 244 mind(s) (see also bodhi-m.rn.A-, body, speech, and mind; ten stages of mind) 8, 18, 20, 23, 26, 28, 29, 31, 34, 37, 44, 46, 50, 53, 56, 59, 70, 72, 73, 75, 77, 79, 80, 82, 94-5,98, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 118, 120, 127, 136-40, 142, 144, 148, 153, 154, 158-60, 163, 164, 169, 170, 174,175, 178-86, 188-9, 190, 192-208, 211, 212, 214, 218, 219, 222, 235, 253, 254, 263, 264, 266, 270, 272, 273, 374

274-5, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 286, 287, 291, 292, 295, 296, 299, 300, 301, 307, 308^ 312, 313, 315, 316, 317, 319, 321,' 322, 323, 324, 327

adamantine 48, 53, 210 of enlightenment. See enlightenment, mind of

essence of 120, 190

extinguishment of 18, 19, 30, 48 and matter 73, 121

mystery of (see also three mysteries) 60, 75, 210, 269, 327 nature of. See nature, of the mind one 23, 110, 111-12, 137, 185, 189, 196, 197, 198, 204 one hundred and sixty 287, 288, 289

religious 4, 11, 153, 220 three evil acts of 254 three mundane states of 11, 214 undivided 262, 264, 266, 293, 294, 295, 300, 321

utmost 311, 312

wisdom 56, 120

mindfulness 157, 175, 312, 317 mind-ground, secret 49, 54, 55 mind-king(s), mind-lord 68, 70, 72, 81-2, 121, 123, 183, 187, 188-9, 190

mind-only 70, 109, 185, 298 Ming, Emperor 21

Mitsugonin 241, 243, 244, 245 Mitsugonin Confession, The 241-5, 251-5

Mitsugonin Hotsuro Sangemon. See Mitsugonin Confession monastic(s) (see also monk) 3, 159, 163,171, 245

monk(s) (see also bhiksu; monastic) 3,12, 44, 45, 103, 158, 159, 163,

165,166,170,171,173, 224, 243, 244, 245, 249

moon 38, 53, 111, 118, 137, 141, 148,158,160,162, 206, 207, 208, 210, 228, 265, 278, 283, 297, 299, 307, 327

morality (see also slla) 43, 46,159, 177

Mount Grdhrakuta 313 Mount Koya (see also Koyasan) 3, 4, 242

Mount K'un-lun 328 Mount Negoro 243, 245 Mount Sumeru 111,112,122,197, 229, 296

Mount T'ien-t'ai 195 Mo-yeh (see also Excalibur) 229 mudra{s) (see also seal) 7, 74, 75, 248, 268, 284, 291, 304, 305, 307, 308, 309, 316, 319, 320, 323 dharma- 268

four 268, 312

jnana- 75,137

karma- 268

knowledge-fist- 273 maha- 268, 308

samadhi- 273

samaya- 221, 268 secret 291, 297, 304, 326 stupa- 291

Muryojushidai. See Sahoshidai Myojaku 242

Mystery of the Dharma Realm of Indra's Net 27

Mystery of the Mutual Containment and Establishment of Minute Entities 27

N

naga(s) 38, 91, 149,153,154,193, 317

Index

Nagarjuna 20, 21, 29, 34, 37, 39, 42, 45, 46, 67, 92, 93,110,126,144, 155,181,186,190,195,196, 203, 204, 206, 218, 249, 264, 311, 312 Nagasaki prefecture 241 Naivasamjnanasamjnanayatana. See Station of Neither Thought Nor Non-thought

name(s) (see also Amitabha, name of) 32, 39, 53, 60, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92,102, 139, 141, 145,148, 151,157,160,166, 213, 214, 235, 241, 242, 261, 265, 267, 280, 281, 283, 294, 324

adamantine 48, 78 characteristics of 37, 38,126, 127 name-and-form 178, 280 name-sign(s) 90, 91, 92, 95 Nara 242

naraka. See hell Narayana 154, 157, 279 nature(s) (see also own-nature; selfnature) 5, 35, 43, 53, 61, 73, 98, 101, 117, 120, 140,141,144,184, 188, 193, 194, 203, 204, 225, 234, 274, 284, 286, 287, 288, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298-9, 316, 317 adamantine 49, 51 determinate 29, 52,118,181 essential 52-3, 73, 76, 82, 113, 137, 206, 207, 211 generic 127, 128, 130 identical 49, 51, 113 indeterminate 118, 181 inherent 27, 29, 44, 69, 109, 111, 113, 199, 225

of the mind 137,140,188-9, 190,192,194

original 80, 187 other-dependent 225 permanent 187, 189 375

Index

nature(s) (continued) three 183, 225, 232, 326 of thusness 39, 120

true 272, 284

unchanging 294

naturalness 23,38,190-1 Necklace Sutra 48, 70 nembutsu 242, 243

Nenjishingonrikankeibyakumon 285 Nikaya Buddhism 230

Ninnaji 241

nirmanakaya (see also body, transformation) 264, 265, 267, 284,

289, 295, 297, 289, 295, 299, 300, 308, 326

Nirmanarati. See Enjoying Magical Transformations

nirvana (see also cessation; extinction) 38, 44, 45, 78,118,128,148, 151,152,154,174,175,181, 185, 187, 226, 232, 276, 278, 282, 283, 286, 287, 296, 299, 304, 322, 326 cause of 61, 157

four, four attributes of 22, 124, 143, 183, 185, 186, 271 great 271, 277

of original self-purity 271 without abode 271

without remaining defilements, residue 31, 271

with remaining defilements 271 Nirvana Sutra 170, 218 nisyandakaya (see also body, homogenous) 299, 300 nonabiding 109, 113, 187, 295, 298 nonarising 114,158,179,203,230, 233, 264

non-birth 34, 68, 69, 81, 109-10, 116, 137, 140, 179, 186, 206, 209 non-Buddhist(s) 35, 46, 47, 60, 85, 112, 125, 126, 135, 139, 143, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 167, 180, 185, 214, 286, 293, 295 nondiminution (see also diminution) 112, 114, 115

nondual, nonduality 24, 25, 26, 29, 35, 39, 111, 113, 114, 137, 196, 263, 273, 276, 277, 278, 286, 294, 295

nonexistence (see also existence) 38, 116, 154, 188, 264 Northern school (see also Fa-hsiang school) 184

North Star 162

no-self (see also self) 35, 112, 113, 123,140, 146,157, 158, 188, 190, 214, 322

noumena (see also phenomena) 265, 327

o

offense(s) (see also transgression) 44, 136, 157, 269, 271, 279, 286-7, 291, 307, 321 eight grave 44, 286, 291 five rebellious 44, 99,167, 168, 286, 291

four grave 44, 286, 291 offering!s) 54, 137, 148, 159, 166, 247, 285, 292, 301, 304 omniscience (see also sarvajhana) 110, 193, 210, 222

omniscient one (see also sarvajfia) 77, 110, 130, 149,193, 211, 222 oneness 113, 114, 218, 296 One Path 135, 137, 140, 187, 191, 192, 194, 196, 198

One Thusness 180, 187 One Vehicle 17, 26, 60, 128, 169, 191, 219, 261, 286, 294, 295, 312, 313, 315

On the Differences between the 376

Index

Exoteric and Esoteric Teachings 4-6, 12, 15-61,217, 221, 222, 224, 226, 228, 231, 233, 234, 236, 237, 247

ordinary being(s), people, person(s) (see also common being, person; worldling) 11, 17, 18, 24, 26, 30, 31, 37, 46, 50, 56, 89, 10,117, 123,126, 135,139,141,143, 144, 147, 148, 157,185, 202, 204, 210, 211, 214, 229, 300

originally unborn 268, 269, 270, 279, 287, 288, 289, 295, 316, 321 own-nature (see also self-nature) 49, 53, 54, 55, 113, 114, 140, 144, 152, 185, 198, 200, 203, 205, 208, 211, 213, 214

own-naturelessness 140,197, 199, 201, 214

P

Padmanetra (see also Amitabha) 138

Padmapani 57

pagoda (see also stupa) 51, 52 Palace of the Adamantine Realm (see also Adamantine Palace) 195 pahcdkdrabhisambodhikrama (see also enlightenment, five-stage process of; meditation, five stages of) 268, 275

Papiyas 183

paramartha (see also truth, supreme) 35, 116, 228

Paramartha 217

pdramita(s) (see also perfection) 17, 35, 124, 194, 202

six 253, 270, 301, 305, 312 Paranirmitavasavartin. See Controlling the Magical Manifestations of Others

parinirvdna 117, 209, 231, 232 Parittabha. See Limited Radiance Parittasubha. See Limited Purity path(s) (see also Middle Path; One Path) 31, 34, 37,110, 135, 136, 146,149, 151,155, 157,159,161, 163, 170, 173,174, 182, 190,194, 195, 199, 203, 211, 212, 229, 230, 232, 263, 264, 265, 268, 272, 275, 297, 298, 309, 315, 317, 326 four middle 187, 233

mantra 57, 205

ofpratyekabuddhas 47, 149, 180 six 73, 103,114,117, 197, 270 of speech. See speech, path of ofsravakas 47, 149, 176 three evil 141, 147, 157, 158, 172-3, 273

pattern(s) (see also patterned sign) 87, 91, 95, 223, 224

patterned sign(s) 8, 85, 86, 87, 90, 91,93,95-6, 98-9,103

paustika 284

perfection(s) (see also paramita) 35, 68, 124, 162, 262, 268 of effort 46

of expedient means 194, 209 of forbearance 46

of giving 46

of meditation 46

of morality 46

six 17, 46,102,136,136, 173, 184, 185, 186

of wisdom (see also prajhaparamita) 36, 46, 207 Perfectly Enlightened One 88, 89 permanence (see also impermanence) 30, 38, 43, 295, 296

permeation 198, 203, 204 phantom city, parable of 18, 119, 181, 217, 226, 232, 235 377

Index

phenomena (see also noumena) 8, 9, 24, 30, 32, 66, 125, 186, 199, 218, 234, 255, 258, 284, 317 phoenix 160

Pien Ch'ueh 161

pitakas (see also treasury) 17, 43 planet(s) (see also star; twentyeight constellations) 248 five 246,283

pledge(s) (see also samaya; seal) 48, 210, 221, 266

poison(s) (see also three poisons) 93, 94, 103,142, 147, 149, 175 power(s) (see also supernatural power) 23, 35, 48, 52, 68, 82,129, 130,148,190, 220, 234, 269, 271, 278, 293, 301, 304, 307, 320, 327 majestic 48, 54, 77, 292 spiritual 279, 291, 292, 293 ten 102, 130

Prabhutaratna 192, 266 practice!s) 3, 5, 6, 17, 20, 22, 28, 31, 55, 66, 72, 76, 88, 125,126, 127, 128, 129,130,131, 145,151, 154, 173, 179, 182, 183,185,187, 190, 192,199, 200, 208, 209, 210, 211, 227, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 248, 249, 253, 263, 266, 270, 277, 285, 286, 297, 298, 305, 309, 314, 315, 319-20, 324, 325, 326, 327 ascetic 3, 161, 182, 201, 202, 322 for attaining Buddahood, enlightenment in the present body

245-6, 249, 262, 319-20 bodhi 270,276,277

bodhisattva 31, 186, 205 causal stage of 20, 69, 266 causes of 28, 176

cultivated, cultivation of 22, 25, 153, 190, 205, 210, 248, 262, 307

378

esoteric 246, 247, 311, 324, 327 exoteric 324

four 249, 319-20, 323 gumonji 242-3, 244

meditative, of meditation 3, 7, 210, 293

myriad 128, 131, 185, 186, 212 nembutsu 242, 243

non-Buddhist 149

one and many 248, 262, 309 prayoga 242

secret 312, 320

self-perfected secret 248, 262, 307

Shingon 246, 313, 324 six 136, 151,153

ten 229

of the three mysteries 248, 249, 263, 269, 305

vow to 41, 55, 102, 192, 211 prajna (see also wisdom) 43, 46, 129, 159, 193

prajha-paramita (see also perfection, of wisdom) 36, 207, 253 Prajnaparamita 43, 44, 45 Prajndparamitd Sutra (see also Mahaprajhaparamita Sutra) 36, 70, 166

pratityasamutpada (see also dependent arising) 280, 293 pratyekabuddha(s) 12, 35, 47, 50, 70, 71, 72, 91, 118, 124, 27, 128, 149, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184, 197, 230, 232, 264, 274, 284 pratyekabuddhayana (see also vehicle, ofpratyekabuddhas) 315 precepts (see also sila) 11, 41, 77, 151, 153,161, 162, 170,177, 253, 266, 316, 324

eight 263, 274

four 263

five 145-6,312

ten 173

two hundred and fifty 157, 175 Precious Key to the Secret Treasury, The 10-12,133-215,217,227, 244

preta. See hungry ghost primal pneuma (see also ch'i) 143, 186, 228

principle(s) (see also truth-principle) 6, 7,19, 70, 80,114,120,121, 122,125,128,129,152,168, 170, 171,179,188,189,192,195,196, 197, 266, 267, 268, 274, 275, 279, 284, 294, 296, 298, 321, 322, 323 of becoming a Buddha in this very body 65, 67

first 34, 15-6, 37,127 guiding 79, 80

of nirvana 271, 276, 278, 322 originally unborn 287, 321 supreme 32-3, 66

of the three truths 29, 294 and wisdom 7, 55,113,120, 121, 267, 277, 286, 296

Profound Mirror of the Dharma Realm in the the Hua-yen 236 Prthivi 266

Punyaprasava. See Birth of Merit Pure Land (see also Sukhavati; Western Paradise) 261, 262, 292, 293, 304, 309, 311, 312, 313, 321, 323-4, 325, 328 of Absolute Bliss 301 Adorned with Mysteries (see also Land Adorned with Mysteries) 328

birth in. See birth in the Pure Land

of Laziness 313

Index

Pure Land school 242, 243, 245, 246

Purvavideha 146

Q

quiescence, quiescent 36, 80, 87, 12, 117, 130, 137, 177, 190,198, 211,285, 297,317

R

raksasas 142, 285

Ratna Family 278, 280 Ratnasambhava 207, 208, 223, 248, 273, 276, 277, 280, 288 Ratnaketu 138, 228, 276, 277 Ratnaparamita 138, 207 Ratnaprabha 54

reality (see also sound-sign-reality) 7,10,32,39,41,85,86-7, 88, 89, 90, 92, 107, 110, 118, 121, 157,192, 206, 207, 222, 223, 230, 246, 261, 266, 267, 276, 294, 296, 318

provisional 293

true 30, 47, 253

ultimate 8, 73,125

realization (see also self-realization) 6, 7, 27, 29, 50, 52, 146, 209, 210, 226, 249, 261, 264, 265, 269, 297, 300, 326

inner 32, 33, 46, 61, 261 realm(s) (see also Adamantine Realm; Dharma realm; three realms) 24, 37, 51, 91,146, 151, 200, 203, 235, 262, 274, 279, 285, 295, 321, 326

of animals 91,143, 253, 274, 284 of asuras 91, 284

of bodhisattvas 91

of Buddhas 91

379

Index

realm(s) (continued) conditioned and unconditioned 195, 199, 201

of devas, gods 91, 284 eighteen 46, 177, 194 of empty space 58, 194 four 72, 146

hell, of hell 91, 253, 274, 284 of humans 91,274 of hungry ghosts 91, 143, 253, 273, 284

lower 148, 214

objective 78, 189, 193, 194 ofpratyekabuddhas 91 of sense objects, organs 136, 194 of sentient beings 57, 103 six 176,307

of sravakas 91

ten 85, 90, 91-2, 99 realm of desire (see also three realms) 72, 150,193, 286 six heavens of 150, 229 realm of form (see also three realms) 51, 72,150,152,193, 286 eighteen heavens of 150-1 four dhyana heavens of 229 realm of non-form (see also three realms) 46, 73, 150, 151, 152, 153, 193, 286

four heavens of 151 rebirth (see also birth-and-death; transmigration) 50, 149, 150, 254, 261, 270

relics 51, 286, 308 religious capacity(ies), of people 5, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24-5, 50, 61, 149, 150, 169, 198

renunciants 173

rite(s) 78, 212, 213, 229, 237 eighteen 242

five 145

3 8 0

karman (ordination) 48, 77 mantra 155

samadhi 213

vidya 66

Ryozen 244

s

Saga, Emperor 289 Saga prefecture 241 sage(s) 42, 117, 135, 144, 161, 162, 163, 172, 174, 207, 261, 284, 291, 316

-emperor(s) 159, 170, 171 four kinds of 284 -king(s) 147, 160,174, 231 Saha world 192

Sahoshidai 246

Saicho 4, 6

Sakra 38, 58, 89, 124, 158, 159, 167

sakrdagamin 230

Sakyamuni 5, 20, 26, 43, 48, 50-1, 58, 60, 102, 159, 166, 167, 169, 174,184,191-2,195, 202, 230, 231, 261, 276, 277, 278, 281, 303 sala tree(s) 51, 287 samadhi(s) 38, 41, 52, 54, 65, 67, 74, 75, 97, 101, 118, 130,177, 180, 181, 202, 206, 207, 211-12, 213, 226, 227, 248, 266, 269, 270, 278-9, 289, 291, 296, 297, 298, 304, 307, 309, 316, 322, 323, 327 asphanaka 201, 236 of the dharmadhatu essence 269, 321, 322

diamond 269, 285, 287, 288, 289 of discriminative wisdom 293, 296

of emptiness 151,152,155,158 of the essential nature of the Dharma realm 206

of the Five Buddhas 69 flower-ornament 199, 200 gate(s), gateway(s) 42, 50, 206, 287, 288, 289

lotus 191, 296, 323 ofManjusrl 289

methods of 42, 67, 78 -mudrä 273

"Observation from the High Peak" 129,131,227

ocean-seal 26, 92, 198, 200 path of 155, 176,180 of Samantabhadra 48, 77 stroke 128,131,227 "Swift Power of the Single Essence of All Tathägatas" 205 ofVairocana 65,206 vajra 322

vajra-päramitä 289 Samantabhadra 27, 47, 48, 53, 55, 56, 57, 77,137, 198, 199, 201, 206, 207, 210, 211, 289, 301, 303, 311, 321

samäpatti (see also mental, attainment) 46, 101, 177

samatha (see also calming and contemplation) 179 samaya(s) (see also pledge) 48, 53, 58, 71, 72, 73, 74, 77,123, 131, 138, 221, 226, 227, 228 sambhogakäya (see also body, enjoyment, recompense, reward) 245, 261, 267, 269, 280, 284, 295, 299, 300, 326

Samkara 154

Sämkhya school 157, 229 Samkusumitaräjendra 138, 228, 276 Samkutunitaräja 277 samsara (see also birth-and-death) 45, 254, 263, 274, 280, 281, 286, 291, 297, 322, 328 Index

samyaksambodhi 69

samyaksambuddha 127, 149 sangha 44

San-1 school (see also Madhyamika school; Sanron school; Southern school) 189, 217,233, 264 Sanron school (see also Madhyamika school; San-lun school) 11, 120, 217, 233

Sanskrit 8, 10, 69, 81, 86, 89, 92, 101, 107,108, 109, 110, 218, 221, 222, 225, 226, 228, 236, 242, 297, 298, 303

santika 284

Sanuki province 3

Sariputra 40, 192

sarira. See relics Sarvadharmesvararaja 111, 225 sarvajna (see also omniscient one) 77, 130, 222

sarvajhana (see also omniscience; wisdom, all-knowing) 68, 80, 81, 110, 222

Sarvanivaranaviskambhin 301, 303 Sarvarthasiddhi 201, 212, 219, 220 Sarvasattvapriyadarsana 166 Sarvatathagatatattvasamgraha (see also Adamantine Pinnacle Sutra) 219, 220, 221, 236 sattva(s) 31, 137, 138, 206, 285 school(s) 31, 36, 50, 180, 196, 245, 289, 326

scripture(s) (see also sutra) 5, 17, 39, 44, 65, 74,138, 228 seal(s) (see also knowledge-seal; mudra; wisdom-seal) 54, 74, 76, 79, 92, 221, 320

five 55

four 205, 236, 268 seal-pledge(s) (see also mudra) 75 381

Index

secret(s) 17, 21, 26, 31, 42, 55, 60-1, 137,197,198, 205, 206, 210, 213, 265, 275, 278, 289, 294, 326 adornment 141, 205

commentary 262, 327

designation(s) 53, 56, 73, 92, 126, 127

meaning(s) 56, 127, 213, 327 mind-ground 49, 54, 55 mudras 291, 297, 304, 326 practices 248, 262, 307, 312, 320 signs 37, 38

speech 92, 224

teaching(s) 33, 50, 327 treasury. See treasury, secret Secret Adamantine Vehicle 205, 215

Secret Meditation on Rapid Enlightenment and Birth in the Pure Land, The. See Illuminating Secret Commentary on the Five Cakras and the Nine Syllables, The

seed(s) 39, 48, 77, 78, 96, 97, 98, 129,131, 136, 140, 147, 154, 176, 177, 180, 214, 264, 270, 274, 281, 313

seed-syllable(s) (see also syllable) 9, 71, 72, 74,123, 227, 228, 242, 246, 273, 279, 280, 281, 287, 322, 326 self, selfhood (see also no-self) 23, 43, 44, 56, 77, 108,113, 114, 122-3, 124, 126, 135,136, 140, 143, 144, 151, 152, 158,176,181, 204, 230, 295, 312, 317, 318 self-attachment, self-love 48, 77, 183, 274

self-awakened 47, 48, 50, 53, 77 self-benefit 53, 99

self-existence 274, 295 382

self-nature 49, 185, 264, 294, 295, 297, 312, 317

self-perfected 248, 262, 307 self-purity 271, 279

self-realization 53, 131 sense bases 280

sense field(s) 46, 177, 178, 194 sense object(s) 93, 136, 195, 199 of matter 93, 103

of mental objects 93

six 8, 9, 85, 86, 90, 93,176 of smell 93

of sound 93

of tangibles 93

of taste 93

sense organs 97, 98, 176,184, 195, 199, 271

senses 8,135, 283, 299 sentient beings (see also living beings) 22, 31, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 43-5, 54, 55, 57, 58, 61, 66, 70, 71, 75, 78, 79-80, 85, 91, 98, 99, 100, 103, 108, 111, 114, 119, 124, 125, 127,130, 149, 158, 168, 171-2,178-9, 181,184, 186, 191, 197, 200, 203, 206, 207, 208, 211, 222, 232, 236, 273 benefit for 52, 54, 77, 99,155 conversion of 43, 47, 184 world of 71, 203-4

sesame seeds 98,201-2 Shen Nung (see also Cow-Head) 227 Shih K'uang 161

Shikoku 3

Shine 244

Shingi-Shingon school 241, 245 Buzan branch 245

Chizan branch 245

Shingon school 3-4, 11, 12, 242, 243, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 262, 264, 265, 266, 267, 269, 270, 286,

289, 295, 305, 309, 312, 313, 323, 324, 325

Hirosawa branch 243

Kogi 245

Ono branch 243

Shinnen 313

Shinyo 244

Shojijissogi. See Meanings of Sound, Sign, and Reality, The Shoren 242

Shou hu ching 292

Shun 160,174, 230, 231 Siddham (see also Sanskrit) 110, 226, 227

siddhi(s) 51, 66, 75, 212, 309 sign(s) (see also designation; namesign; patterned sign; sound, sign, and reality; sound-sign, soundsign-reality) 8, 37, 38, 85, 86-7, 89, 91, 102,171,192, 297, 317 élla (see also morality; precepts) 43, 46, 159, 177

Silabhadra 312

slla-pàramità (see also perfection, of morality) 253

Silpàbhijna 234

Sino-Japanese (see also Esoteric Buddhism, Sino-Japanese) 221, 226, 227

sins 44, 50, 59,142, 157,166, 167, 168,170, 220

Six Pàramitàs Sutra 43 Six Schools 19

Sixteen Great Bodhisattvas 53, 65, 81, 207, 208

Sitàtapatra 282

Skanda 154

skandha(s) (see also aggregate) 264, 275, 279, 280, 281, 283 five 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 307 Small Vehicle (see also Hinayana) 60 Index

Sokushinjobutsugi. See Meaning of Becoming a Buddha in This Very Body, The

solar disc 21, 206, 284, 285 Son of Heaven 173

sound(s) (see also vibration) 85, 86-7, 89-90, 91, 93, 98, 101, 107,109, 110,131, 144, 149, 162, 177,178, 191, 200, 213, 222, 223, 281, 291, 299, 304, 316, 326 sound, sign, and reality 85-7, 88-9, 213, 222, 223

sound-sign(s), sound-sign-reality 86-7, 90, 222, 223

Southern Dipper 162

Southern school (see also San-lun school) 188

space 75, 94, 111-12, 115, 118, 119,129,138,197, 198, 269, 271, 272, 273, 276, 277, 279, 285, 286, 295, 304, 321, 322

element. See element, space empty 36, 51, 54, 58, 59, 69, 70, 72, 75, 76, 81,100,112,113, 115,118,129,130,180, 181, 193,194,195,197,199, 201, 202, 206, 207, 210, 285, 317, 327 great 66, 174, 282, 285 speech (see also body, speech, and mind) 18, 40-1, 48, 57, 58, 69, 92, 93,107, 110, 116, 123, 138, 142, 152, 177, 179, 180, 185, 224, 254, 274, 285, 297, 305, 308, 316, 322, 326, 327

accordant with the true meaning, with reality 39, 40-1, 93, 126 beginningless 39-40, 93 born of deluded attachments, delusionary 39, 40, 93 dream 39, 93

false 92, 93

383

Index

speech (continued)

four evil acts of 254 four kinds of 33, 39, 41 five kinds of 39, 40-1, 92, 93 indicative of individual characteristics 39, 93

mystery of (see also three mysteries) 53, 60, 75, 89, 210, 269, 326 path of 19, 30, 34, 68,112, 196, 206, 269, 321

true (see also mantra) 33, 92, 126, 224

spirit (see also ch'i) 279, 281, 283 black 281,282

blue 283

red 280,281

white 280

yellow 282, 283

Spring and Autumn Annals 164 sramanas 253

sravaka(s) 31, 32, 36, 47, 50, 70, 71, 91,118,119, 124, 127, 128, 167, 176, 180, 181,182, 183, 184, 197, 230, 233, 274, 284, 316 path of 47, 149

predictions about 31, 32 stage of. See stage, of sravakas vehicle. See vehicle, sravaka sravakayana (see also vehicle, sravaka) 264, 315

srota-apanna 230

stage(s) (see also ten stages of the mind) 11, 12, 22, 28, 46, 57, 65, 67, 76, 77, 78, 138, 139, 147, 148, 153, 157,161, 176, 180, 182, 184, 185, 186, 190, 204, 205, 211, 212, 213-14, 230, 232, 275, 278, 285, 289, 294, 313, 319, 323 bodhisattva 72, 292, 323 of the Buddha, Buddhahood 22, 79, 186, 211

384

causal 18, 20, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 33, 41, 69, 211, 303 fifty-two 235

five, of attaining enlightenment, of meditation (see also pancakarabhisambodhikrama) 232, 268, 275

first (see also stage, of oy) 65, 76, 78, 169, 210, 292, 312 forty-two 124, 229

fourth, of meditation 51, 220 of oy (see also stage, first) 65, 312 nine, of birth in the Pure Land 248, 262, 311

ofpratyekabuddhas 11, 72, 182 resultant 20, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 69, 78, 181

seventh 47, 234

sixth 234

oi sravakas 11, 72, 182 ten 17-18, 22, 26, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 61, 66, 75, 78, 169, 186, 235

tenth 77, 169

Stanzas on One Syllable Entering an Organ Whereupon All Diseases Cease and One Attains Buddhahood in the Present Body 291-2

star(s) (see also planet; twentyeight constellations) 111, 118, 162, 165, 208, 228

Station of Neither Thought Nor Non-thought 151

Station of Nothingness 151 Station of the Infinity of Consciousness 151

Station of the Infinity of Space 151 Sthavara 276

Subhakarasimha 195,199, 223, 242, 247, 248

Subhakrtsna. See Complete Purity suchness (see also thusness) 296 Sudarsana. See Good-Appearing Sudhana 199, 234, 235 Sudrsa. See Good-Looking Sugata 261, 326

suffering(s) 92, 108, 111, 113,114, 117, 142,145, 146, 151,155,157, 163, 172,173, 177, 253, 255, 263, 270, 274, 294, 297, 304 Sui dynasty 195, 231

Sukhavati (see also Pure Land) 261, 312, 313

Sumeru 38

sun 38, 43, 49, 57, 59, 111, 118,119, 131,137,148,158,160,162, 208, 228, 229, 235, 283, 297, 299, 307 Sunaksatra 174, 231

Sung dynasty 231, 279 sunyata (see also emptiness) 269, 273, 276, 284, 288, 302, 311 supernatural faculties 158,177,179 supernatural power(s) 261, 292, 295 five 78, 149

six 123, 136, 159,183 sutra(s) (see also scripture; treatise) 11, 18, 19, 20, 21, 33, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 52, 56, 57, 60, 65, 66, 67, 69, 72, 75, 78, 79, 88, 89, 91, 111, 113,123, 124, 129,138, 143,145, 146, 147, 153, 164, 165, 166,167, 169,170,173, 174, 175,176,180, 182, 185,191, 198, 219, 220, 246, 254, 263, 264, 284, 291, 293, 295, 313, 320, 324

treasury. See treasury, sutra Sutra for Benevolent Kings 146 Sutra of the Adamantine Guardian of Secrets 60

Sutra of the Correct Theory for the Laws of the King 172

Index

Sutra of the Dharani for Protecting State Rulers 58, 111, 172,175, 177, 202

Sutra of the Great King of Teachings 21

Suvikrantavikramin 36 svabhava-dharmakaya (see also Dharma body, own-nature) 261, 264, 294, 300

svabhavakaya (see also body, ownnature) 251, 289, 290 syllable(s) (see also seed-syllable) 9, 10, 75, 88, 89, 124, 166, 213, 242, 247, 248, 267, 268, 269, 270-1, 273, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283-5, 286, 287-9, 292-3, 294-9, 303, 307, 319, 320, 321-3 five (see also mantra, five-syllable) 90,223,225-6,247-8,

270, 271, 278, 279-89, 322, 325 nine (see also mantra, ninesyllable) 246, 247, 261, 269, 292-9, 301, 312, 322, 325 three (see also mantra, threesyllable) 292, 312, 325-6 T

Tachibana 241

T'ai-kung Wang 165, 231 Tai-tsung 21

TaiYuan 144,229

Takaosanji 243

Ta-lo chin-kang pu-k'ung chen-shih san-mei-yeh ching pan-jo po-lomit-to li-ch'u shih 219 Tan, Duke (see also Chou, Duke of; Broken Stump) 167, 227 T'ang dynasty 3

T'ang, King 171, 231

Tantric Buddhism (see also Esoteric Buddhism) 244

385

Index

Taoism, Taoist(s) 11, 165, 228, 244 Tao te ching 231

Tathagata(s) (see also All the Tathagatas) 8,17, 20, 35, 36, 39, 40, 45, 46, 50, 51, 56, 57, 60, 61, 65, 70, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 79, 80, 82, 85, 88, 89, 91, 92,101,102,108, 111, 117,123,128,129,130,131,139, 149,150,167,168,169,172,173, 174,175,177,179,192,193,198, 199, 201, 202, 203, 208, 209, 211, 213, 227, 235, 261, 269, 281, 283, 284, 291, 299, 303, 316, 326 teaching(s) 3, 5, 9, 11, 12, 20, 24-5, 26-7, 28, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 51, 60-1, 65, 67, 68, 77, 85,119,125,126, 127, 135,137, 138,144,147,148, 1499, 150,154, 218, 231, 232, 233, 237, 241, 247, 262, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 274, 285, 291, 292, 294, 295, 296, 298, 301, 303, 304, 307, 309, 311, 313, 315, 317, 319, 322, 325, 326 eight 25, 322

eighty-four thousand 43 esoteric 17, 18, 19, 21, 42, 52, 60, 73, 125, 128, 169, 205, 214-15, 247, 262, 269

exoteric 17,18, 19, 20, 21, 29, 31, 32, 40, 42, 47, 48, 49, 52, 60, 65, 67, 73, 128, 141, 169, 195, 198, 315

expedient 18, 120,122, 265 five 200

mantra 38, 42, 67,141,155, 214, 215

non-Buddhist 60, 125, 126, 155, 191, 293, 295

real 18, 20, 192

secret 33, 50, 327

386

separate 295, 313

seven 214

Shingon 12, 245, 246, 247, 262, 264, 269, 270, 309, 325 Taoist 246

thirty-three 24, 25

three 165, 294

two 17, 169

Teihon Kobo Daishi zenshu 12, 246 Tejorasyusnisa 282

Ten Buddhas 27

Tendai school (see also T'ien-t'ai school) 4, 11,120, 217, 234, 313 ten evil deeds 99, 136, 143, 147, 161,167, 168, 229

ten good deeds 145,146, 147, 151, 161, 173,184

Ten Honored Ones 200

Ten Mysteries 217

Ten Stages, The 11, 12 Ten Stages in the Development of the Mind. See Jujushinron ten stages of the mind 11-12,65, 136-214, 220, 228, 247, 248, 273-5, 313, 314

eighth 137, 196, 198, 228, 275 fifth 136,274

first 273-4, 314

fourth 12, 136, 187, 214, 274 mind awakened to the non-birth of the mind 140,186-91 mind of aggregates-only and noself 140, 157-76, 187,214

mind of the common person, like a ram 139,141-4,214

mind of the foolish child, observing abstinence 139, 144-8 mind of secret adornment 141, 205-15

mind of the Mahayana concerned for others 140, 183-6, 187, 214

mind of the one path 140, 191-6 mind of the young child, without fear 139, 148-55

mind that has eradicated the causes and seeds of karma 140, 176-82, 214

mind of ultimate own-naturelessness 140-1, 197-204, 214 nine 205, 213-14, 264 ninth 12,137, 198, 200, 228, 235, 275

second 136, 274, 314 seventh 137,274-5

sixth 136-7, 187, 274-5 tenth 12, 137, 198, 205, 275 third 12,136, 274

Ten Wheels Sutra 170 "The Ten Minds" 264-5 Thoughtless 151

three ages 54, 56, 89, 124, 131, 155, 202, 207, 210, 211, 235 Three Carriages (see also vehicles, three) 187

three carts, parable of 135, 230, 233 deer 179,184,192, 230 goat 140,157, 184,192, 230 ox 191, 192, 230

Three Dukes 165

threefold world. See worlds, three, threefold

Three Histories 163, 166, 167 Three Jewels (see also Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha) 151, 218, 254, 270, 303

Three Luminaries 111, 141, 228 three mysteries 4, 7, 8, 17, 49, 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 60, 66, 67, 75, 77, 78, 79, 85, 112, 114, 122, 123, 210, 248, 249, 263, 266, 268, 284, 286, 293-4, 295, 296, 300, 305, 307, 313, 316, 320, 323, 326, 327 Index

three periods (see also Imitative Dharma; Latter Dharma; True Dharma) 309

three poisons 114,144,172,187, 206, 273

three realms (see also realm of desire; realm of form; realm of non-form) 38, 50, 70, 103, 110, 111, 114, 117,135, 136,143,146, 155,175, 181, 253, 286 Three Strategies 166 thusness(es) (see also suchness) 24, 39, 76, 115,120, 121, 122,125, 138,140, 190,192, 194, 196, 198, 200, 228, 234

Tibetan 221

T'ien-t'ai school (see also Tendai school) 11,217,218,234 Toba, Emperor 242, 243, 244 Toji 3, 244

Tokugyo 242

Trailokyavijaya 228

tranquility 38, 44, 152 transformation(s) 31, 32, 54, 95, 123,144, 153,158, 184, 192,196 transgression!s) (see also offense) 165, 241, 253, 254, 255, 271 transmigration (see also birth-anddeath; samsara) 51,143,154, 176, 197, 253

Trayastrimsa 150

treasury(ies) 57, 60, 122, 296 Abhidharma 44, 45

dharani 44, 45

esoteric 17, 19, 29, 42, 61 five kinds of 43, 44-5 Lotus 262

mantra 31, 46

Prajnaparamita 44

secret 11, 17, 26, 46, 60, 61, 65, 111, 186, 214

387

Index

treasury(ies) (continued) sutra 44, 45

Vinaya 44, 45

treatise(s) (see also scripture; sutra) 5, 7,11,18, 19, 20, 21, 41, 42, 60, 65, 67, 89, 129, 138, 153, 169, 176, 180, 185

Treatise on Buddha-nature 189 Treatise on Jewel Nature 189 Treatise on the Awakening of aith in the Mahayana 25, 41, 217 Treatise on the Bodhi-mind 21, 67, 144, 153, 155, 176, 180, 181, 185, 186, 190, 203, 206

Treatise on the Establishment of Consciousness-only 18, 32, 222, 223

Treatise on the Profundities of the Mahayana 189,233

Treatise on the Ten Abodes 182 Treatise on the Ten Stages 18, 20, 27, 29

Treatise on the Ten Stages of the Mind 147, 151, 153, 169 Treatise on the Ten Stages of the Mind as a Secret Mandala. See Ten Stages, The

trikaya (see also bodies, three) 292, 299, 304

Tripitaka 19,140,157,167,184, 261 master 195, 199, 271, 277, 278 True Dharma 161, 231, 267, 309 truth(s) 36, 38, 40, 47, 49, 117, 127, 138, 139,157,166,173,175, 179, 183, 184,189, 194, 201, 202, 203, 211, 229, 265, 267, 288, 293-4, 296, 297, 298, 305, 317, 327 absolute 30, 324

conventional 30, 32, 33, 37, 127, 188

388

of emptiness 29, 30, 293 of existence 293

middle, of the middle, of the Middle Path 29, 30, 293, 312 provisional, of provisionality 29, 30, 293, 312, 324

supreme 23, 32, 33, 34, 37, 41, 116, 127, 183, 187-8, 196, 198, 205, 210, 215, 228

ten 294

three 29-31, 120, 293, 294 two 30, 32, 37, 38, 127, 187,189 ultimate 11, 37, 40, 123, 126, 190 truth-principle(s) 10, 22, 37, 41, 48, 49, 55, 73, 87, 118, 120, 125, 126, 195, 199, 211

Tsung-mi 236

Tu-shun 200, 235

Tusita 150,262,313

twelve astrological houses 283 twenty-eight constellations 283 Two Esoteric Sutras 219, 221, 236 Tz'u-en (see also K'uei-chi) 32 u

udumbara 166

Unafflicted 151

Unclouded 150

unconditioned 34, 112, 158, 177, 189, 190, 191, 194, 196,198 realms 195,199, 201

unicorn 159, 176, 179 Unjigi {see also Meanings of the Word Hum, The) 9, 271, 293, 296 Untormented 151

Upali 45

upasakas (see also laymen) 173 upasikas (see also laywomen) 173 usnisa 273, 282

Usnisacakravartin(s) 270, 282 Uttarakuru 146

Index

V Vajrapani (see also Lord of Mysteries) 45, 53, 56, 57, 72, 81,193, Vaidehï 311

Vaipulya sutras 44,191, 324 Vairocana (see also Mahävairocana) 26, 27, 47, 48,51-2, 53, 57-8, 65, 68-9, 70, 71-2, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 92,100,102,110,138, 193,195,198-9, 202-3, 205-6, 207, 213, 219, 220, 223, 227, 228, 235, 264, 269, 275, 276, 282, 285, 286, 289, 299, 316, 328 Vairocana-samädhi-sütra 312 Vaisâlî 311

Vaisesika school 157, 228 vajra(s) 21, 38, 49, 52, 54, 55, 56, 66, 74, 78, 81, 130, 205, 270, 285, 287, 288, 289, 300, 322 Vajrabhäsa 208, 323 Vajrabodhi 21, 278 vajradhara(s) 56-7, 326 Vajradharma 208, 283, 323 Vajradhätu Mandala 50,207,219, 220, 228, 248, 268, 273, 277, 278, 287, 289, 308, 309 Vajradhüpä 219, 302 Vajra Family 205, 263, 279, 325 Vajragandhä 219, 302 Vajragarbha 304 Vajragitä 138, 219, 303 Vajrahäsa 208, 323 Vajrahetu 208, 323 Vajrakarma 208, 283, 323 Vajraketu 208, 323 Vajraläsyä 219, 303 Vajrälokä 219, 302 Vajramälä 219, 303 Vajramusti 207, 208 Vajränkusa 219, 302 Vajranrtyä 138, 219, 303 301, 303

vajra-päramitä 289 Vajraparämitä 138, 207, 283 Vajrapäsa 219, 302 Vajrapuspä 219, 302 Vajraräga 208, 323 Vajraräja 208, 323 Vajraraksa 208, 323 Vajraratna 208, 283, 323 Vajrasädhu 208, 323 Vajrasandhi 323 Vajrasattva(s) 47-8, 56, 77, 78,124, 207, 208, 247, 264, 283, 300, 323 Vajrasekhara-sütra (see also Adamantine Pinnacle Sutra) 271, 284, 309

Vajrasphota 219, 302 Vajrateja 208, 323 Vajratiksna 208, 323 Vajrävesa 219, 302 Vajrayaksa 208, 283, 289, 323 Vajrayana (see also Adamantine Vehicle) 11, 55 Varuna 38, 277

vasikarana 284

Vasubandhu 20, 70 Vatsiputriya school 157,177, 230 Väyu 277

Vedas 151,154

vehicle! ) (see also Adamantine Vehicle; Buddha vehicle; Great Vehicle; One Vehicle; Small Vehicle) 17, 45, 46,116,138,149,150, 158,183,184,185,187,196, 214, 215, 228, 233, 265, 295, 296, 303 best 35, 51

bodhisattva 214, 230, 233 five 17, 125

389

Index

vehicle!s) (continued) four 17

mantra 169, 215 nine 269

one 17, 55, 219 pratyekabuddha 128, 149, 230, 233

srâvaka 127-8, 149, 159, 230, 233

three 17, 50, 60, 125,127, 128, 149, 169, 184, 191, 211, 230, 270, 294, 295

two 17, 18, 24, 25, 30, 48, 56, 71, 78, 110, 112, 118, 121, 126, 153, 169, 181, 182, 211, 274, 286, 295, 315

vibration(s) (see also sound) 86, 90, 222

Victorious Garland Sutra 189 vidyâ(s) 66

vidyârâja(s) 283 vidyarajni 129, 131 view(s) 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 30, 31, 60, 131, 143, 144, 150,151, 152, 230, 231, 241, 286, 294 biased 19, 233

equal 131

false, erroneous, wrong 36, 45, 142, 143, 152, 172,178, 287, 288, 289

right 152

Vijayosnisa 282 Vijnânânantyâyatana. See Station of the Infinity of Consciousness Vikiranosnisa 282 Vimalakirtinirdesa-sUtra 311 Vinaya 43, 44, 45, 253 vipasyana (see also calming and contemplation) 179, 234 virtue!s) 22, 25-6, 43, 45, 52, 54, 56, 68,101, 124, 141,146, 148, 390

149, 158,161,162,165, 170, 198, 230, 248, 254, 261, 264, 266, 270, 271, 283, 284, 285, 288, 290, 291, 292, 297, 304, 305, 308 blessed 280, 281 eight 288, 301

five (see also precepts, five) 136, 145, 147, 163,191 inherent 20, 23, 24, 53, 54, 190, 191

innumerable 247, 248, 297, 307 manifold 271, 275 myriad 119, 130, 131, 141, 198, 203, 205, 227

ten 312

thirty-seven 300 unequaled 248, 262, 305 vlrya 46

virya-paramita (see also perfection, of effort) 253

Visistacaritra 195 visualization 7, 202, 206, 246, 261, 268, 269, 292, 301, 307, 309, 328 Visuddhacaritra 313 vow(s) 35, 54, 232, 253, 274, 279, 291,293, 304,311-12, 323 of faith-and-understanding 101, 102

five 266

four extensive, universal 183, 232, 266

of great compassion 52, 55 forty-eight 293, 303 to practice 41, 55,102, 192, 211 w

Wang Hsi-chih 161 Way 142, 144

Wen, King 231

wife of 160

Western Chin dynasty 274

Western Paradise (see also Pure Land) 245,246,248,262 wheel-turning king(s) 146, 221 wisdom(s) (see also perfection, of wisdom; prajna) 30, 36, 37, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 54, 55, 56, 69, 70, 73, 76, 77, 81, 82, 89, 102, 111, 113,120,121, 124, 129, 137,145, 154,157,159,161,162, 163, 170, 177,179, 183,187,189, 191, 192,193, 195, 197, 205, 207, 209, 211, 219, 233, 253, 267, 275, 276, 278, 282, 284, 286, 287, 288, 294, 296, 305, 307, 311, 316, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327

of accomplishing what is to be done 52, 53, 76, 207

adamantine 55, 207, 219 all-knowing (see also omniscience) 81, 82, 222, 270

body. See body, wisdom Buddha's, of the Buddha 29, 30, 31, 67, 192, 212, 305, 307, 324 discriminative 245,261,276, 277, 288, 293, 296

duty-fulfillment 276, 277, 278, 288 of enlightenment 68, 82 of emptiness 68, 82, 136, 151 of the essential nature of the Dharma realm 52-3,76,82, 207, 211

equality, of equality 52, 53, 76, 190, 207, 276, 277, 288 expedient, of expedient means 184, 187, 206, 209

five 48, 50, 52-3, 54, 55-6, 68, 81, 82, 85, 122, 205, 246, 248, 268, 269, 273, 275-6, 277, 278, 283, 284, 286, 287, 288, 296, 301

Index

four 119, 137, 323

great 43, 58,170

great perfect mirrorlike 52, 53, 207, 276, 277, 278, 287 infinite 68, 81, 82, 296 innerly realized 17, 19, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 60, 319

intrinsic dharmadhatu 275,276, 277, 278, 285, 289

nondiscriminating 43, 184 nondual 35, 277, 295

of an omniscient one 77, 110, 130, 149, 193,211

original 23, 190

originally unborn 288, 289, 321 profound 307, 319

sacred 33, 47, 48, 50, 77 self-awakened 47, 48, 50, 77 of the sravaka and pratyekabuddha 182 thirty-seven 81

true 10,44,281,286

vajra 277, 288, 289

of wondrous observation 52, 53, 76, 207

wisdom-seal(s) 56, 74-5, 206 world(s) (see also Lotus-Repository world; Saha world; threefold world) 10, 31, 36, 38, 39, 45, 51, 59, 66, 80, 92, 108, 110, 122, 123, 136, 148, 155, 160, 163, 166, 170, 171, 172, 179, 249, 254, 268, 273, 274, 285, 296, 300, 304, 309, 312, 313

of ust retribution 272 lower 136, 151, 272

physical 70, 71, 99, 200, 203-4 of principle and wisdom 275, 286 receptacle 272

of sentient beings 71,203-4 391