Great Cessation-and-Contemplation Volume II

Index

A

Abhidharma/Abhidharmists, 4, 5, 7, 29, 31, 33, 37, 62, 156, 160, 181, 216, 273, 282, 286, 288, 304, 305, 307, 315, 322, 333, 335, 343, 346, 371, 402-404, 424-425, 434, 436 Abhidharmahṛdaya-śāstra, 306 Abhidharmavibhāṣā-śāstra, 13, 125, 200, 355, 405

affliction(s)/passionate afflictions, xvixxi, 3-12, 14-18, 21, 25, 28, 29, 34, 37, 43, 44, 60, 65-67, 80, 92, 94, 98, 107-108, 112-116, 119, 121-122, 131-134, 141-144, 161, 171, 184, 189, 192, 199, 211-225, 227-234, 247, 262, 264, 267, 268, 273, 277, 283, 290-292, 294, 299-302, 304, 310, 314, 316, 317, 320, 329, 330, 346, 356, 365, 367, 370, 376, 379, 380, 386-388, 391-393, 396, 399, 408, 423-426, 428, 429, 431, 438, 441, 442, 444, 445, 447, 448, 451-454 adventitious, 267, 391, 448 eighty-eight, 17, 49, 271, 407, 427, 429, 438, 441, 445

four categories of, 217, 219, 222-223, 228-229, 231

latent, 219, 376

nine levels/types of, 7-15, 23 sharp and dull, ten, 3, 215-217, 370, 415, 427, 432, 438, 441, 444 thirty-six levels of, 12 See also three obstacles; threefold path/ three paths

Āgama(s), 30, 207, 256, 271, 335, 404 aggregate(s), xx, 83, 95, 101, 105, 115-116, 126-130, 162, 167-169, 171, 195, 204, 205, 207, 210, 211, 213, 228, 229-230, 262-263, 288, 291, 301, 331, 358, 361, 367, 380, 395, 402, 437, 440, 443, 445, 452-453 "black"/evil and "white"/good, 195 demonic forces/demons of, 290-291, 300, 301, 316

five, xvi, 17, 58, 95, 105, 115, 124, 125, 207, 229, 288, 290, 358, 371, 372, 380, 442, 444, 445, 451-452 Agramati, 226-227, 388

Ajita Kesakambharin, 401 Ājñāta-Kauṇḍinya, 29

all-wisdom, 177, 186, 200, 202, 229, 236-237, 382, 404, 413, 427 of emptiness, 131, 145, 203, 236, 451, 454

See also prajñā/prajñā-wisdom; wisdom(s)

Amitābha, 193

Amitāyus, 183

analogy(ies)/parable(s)/simile(s), 77, 81, 85, 94, 118, 126, 136-137, 211, 219, 239, 318, 351, 387

of a blind person/people, 73, 76, 80, 317 of a boat/raft, xxi

529

Index

analogy(ies)/parable(s)/simile(s) (continued): of the burning house, 161, 428, 450, 451

of the conjured city, 111-113, 430 for emptiness, ten, 402

of the five flavors (of milk)/ghee, 123, 124, 135, 136, 375

of the goat, deer, and ox vehicles/great cart, 201, 451

hair of a tortoise or horns of a rabbit, 29, 408

of the ignorant/poor son, 34, 165, 216, 434

of a nimble horse, 352, 394, 406, 433 of planting a tree in empty space/sky, 43, 377, 379, 449

regarding conventionality, 44-45 for tathāgatagarbha, ten, 38 Ānanda, 5, 27, 152, 294, 314, 335 anger, 3, 4, 47, 105, 144, 151, 152, 156, 162, 195, 213-215, 216, 220, 230, 279, 302, 319, 352, 356, 358, 374, 396, 399, 423, 424, 426-427, 429, 437, 438, 440, 446

See also affliction(s)/passionate afflictions; covetousness/greed, anger, and delusion/ignorance; five impediments Aṅgulimāla Sutra, 170, 177, 207 annihilationism, 31, 32, 129, 442 and eternalism, 36, 109, 144, 156, 230, 441

See also two extremes; view(s), extreme

arhat(s), 16, 20, 21-22, 24, 26, 28, 29, 32, 55, 66, 115, 137, 173, 217, 223, 276, 277, 308, 335, 388, 425, 428 Asaṅga, 99

ascetic(s)/asceticism/ascetic practice(s), xiii, 5, 55, 164, 401, 423, 438 530

asuras, 195, 221, 261, 283, 436 Aśvajit, 29

attachment(s), xxi, 4, 42, 73, 78, 81, 85, 87, 99, 100, 106, 109, 110, 128, 134, 150, 155, 167, 174, 187, 200, 213, 228, 231, 271, 282, 293, 296, 298, 312, 321, 337, 343, 345, 348-350, 355, 358, 359, 361-364, 366-371, 373, 377, 378, 380-382, 394, 404, 409, 411, 414, 419-421, 423, 425-431, 437, 440-442 mind of, 339, 428-430

to dharmas/phenomena, xvi, 199-200, 202, 206, 210, 231, 270, 289, 302-303, 370, 381, 397, 454 to dhyāna meditation, 310, 388, 389, 395-397

to mistaken views, 36, 215, 370, 405, 407, 411, 415, 430, 441, 453 to precepts, 215, 438, 441 See also nonattachment

awakening, xv, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, 8, 24, 27-29, 32, 38, 40, 43, 44, 50, 58, 60, 61, 63, 65, 80-82, 84, 86-89, 91, 100, 104, 115, 116, 123, 132, 142, 149, 151-153, 157, 163, 164, 166, 170, 174-176, 179, 180, 188, 190-192, 196, 200, 202, 203, 207, 209, 211, 212, 214, 217, 219, 223, 228, 230, 231-232, 261, 264, 268, 270, 271, 280, 282, 285, 289, 291, 299, 302-304, 310, 314, 326, 330, 344, 352, 357, 363-366, 374, 377, 379, 382, 384, 389, 392-395, 398, 405-406, 410, 424, 425, 427-430, 433-435, 438, 451, 453, 454

aspiration for, xv, 25, 34, 38, 67, 68, 92, 95, 97, 175, 191, 196-197, 268, 281, 286, 301, 302, 364, 368, 378, 382, 408, 428

clear, 141, 190, 410

Index

correct/right/true, 68, 123, 124, 132, 136, 176, 196, 304, 381, 382, 454 cultivating, text on, 316, 317, 320, 323, 325, 329, 334, 346

dark/darkened, 310, 325, 327, 329, 342, 355

full/great/perfect/sublime/supreme, xiv, 68, 84, 88, 104, 117, 195, 196, 203, 209, 230, 291, 301, 366, 377, 397, 398

intent/mind/thought of, 67, 87, 196, 199, 282, 394

path of/to, 124, 132, 257, 271, 299, 300, 301, 308, 421, 424, 447 place/seat of, 68, 93, 117, 121, 123, 128, 131, 163, 184, 195, 203, 206, 210, 231, 289, 299, 300, 303, 374-375, 382, 430, 447, 451, 453, 454 seven components of, 56, 58, 121, 122, 124-125, 134, 136, 202, 440, 453 B

bhikṣu(s), 32, 55, 85, 93, 160, 226, 297, 298, 388

See also monk(s); śrāmaṇa(s) bhūmi stages, 20-22, 66-67, 71, 72, 91-93, 98, 109-111, 117, 300-301, 308, 364, 377, 399, 454

ten, 16, 18, 23, 203, 271, 301, 377 See also bodhisattva(s), stage(s) Bian Que, 60

birth and death, 30, 41, 49, 57, 86, 99, 106, 115, 147, 163, 223, 226, 261-262, 277, 283, 284, 299, 359, 360, 365, 369, 371, 372, 388, 389, 396, 400, 426-429, 441

See also rebirth; samsara; transmigration bliss, 9-11, 34, 39, 43, 62, 90, 105, 128, 129, 156, 157, 159, 176, 180, 190, 265, 266, 288, 304, 318, 319, 322-324, 327, 328, 331, 332, 341-345, 350, 351, 353-357, 359, 368-369, 372, 376, 383, 387, 392, 439, 444 ultimate, 78, 211, 266, 345, 393 See also constancy/permanence, bliss, selfhood, and purity; five constituents bodhi. See awakening

bodhicitta. See awakening: aspiration for, intent/mind/thought of; buddhahood, aspiration/vow for

bodhisattva(s), xviii, 16, 22-26, 33, 37-39, 42, 44, 45, 49, 50, 52, 54, 56, 59-63, 66, 67, 70, 75, 78, 89, 99, 100, 108, 113, 117, 123, 139, 142, 163, 164, 174-176, 182, 184, 185, 188, 189, 193, 195-198, 208, 222, 223, 226, 227, 231, 233, 234, 265-268, 277, 285, 286, 289, 290, 298, 306, 338, 339, 350, 355, 364, 367, 375, 376, 380, 381, 388, 391, 396, 447, 448, 451

beginning/novice, 163, 175 of the Distinct Teachings, 71, 264, 266, 284, 299, 364, 448

level(s), 21, 136, 185, 352, 381, 382 path, 28, 123, 124, 189

of the Perfect Teaching, 72, 267, 448 of the Shared Teachings, 15, 21, 26, 27, 264, 266, 364, 390, 447-448 stage(s), 22-23, 203, 364, 381, 454 of the Tripiṭaka Teachings, 33, 65, 71, 75, 93, 184, 264-266, 364, 390, 444, 447, 450

vows, 43, 60, 61, 151, 153, 157, 193, 268, 445, 447

See also bhūmi stages; Four Universal Vows

Bodhisattva, 34, 304

See also Śākyamuni

bodhisattvahood, xvi, 276, 454 stage of, 16-18, 20

531

Index

bodhi tree, 71, 136, 300, 374 body(ies), of buddha(s)/Buddha/ Tathāgata, 70, 71, 238, 382, 386 manifestation/of response, 105, 238, 288, 289, 306

of recompense/reward, 105, 288, 289, 306

three, 238, 289

of transformation, 137, 190, 238 See also Dharma body

body, breath, and mind, 330-333 Book of Changes, 54, 417

Books of History, Music, Odes, Rites 54 Brahmā, 354, 389, 396

brahman, 303, 337, 415

buddha(s), xviii, xix, 20, 22, 25, 26, 33, 34, 42, 53, 54, 56, 61, 62, 65, 67, 71, 74, 75, 77, 79, 88, 92, 93, 104, 105, 108, 109, 133, 136, 140, 141, 147, 149, 150, 152-155, 157, 164, 165, 174-176, 181, 184, 189-193, 210, 211, 239, 272, 277, 288, 294, 299, 300, 302-304, 307, 311, 357, 366, 375, 376, 383, 384, 389, 391, 393, 447, 451

all-wisdom/wisdom of, 83, 84, 92, 186 eye, 77, 80, 101, 170-172, 208, 229 historical, 72, 93, 136, 183 images/statue, xix, 385

land(s)/realm(s), 18, 44, 70-72, 117, 210, 377, 290, 299, 300, 308 of manifestation, 288, 306 path, 25, 44, 224, 225, 365-366 thirty-two marks of, 34, 146, 181, 182 virtuous qualities, 175, 201, 381, 383 See also tathāgata(s)

Buddha, xviii, 4, 27, 28-30, 36-37, 40, 50, 52, 55, 57, 61, 62, 65, 66, 72, 75, 81, 93, 99, 104, 107, 129, 130, 146, 149, 150, 152-154, 157, 160, 164-165, 170, 174, 178, 182, 183, 185, 189-193, 195, 208, 209, 224, 234, 532

236, 277, 285, 289, 290, 294, 298, 307, 308, 312, 313, 315, 325-326, 335, 355, 362, 363, 365, 374, 376, 378, 385-388, 390, 402, 405, 425, 428, 431, 433, 452, 453

awakening, xviii, 228, 231, 365 compassion, 79, 189

disciple(s) of, 329, 420, 431 figures/images/statue, 72, 385, 421 intent, 82, 174, 195, 363 knowledge and insight, 81, 103, 104, 380

mindfulness of, 57, 157, 288, 305, 306, 309, 311, 382-386, 391

name, xv, 219

noble demeanor of, 172, 174, 176, 178, 374

path of, 28, 189, 394, 423, 431 power(s) (ten), 18, 176, 177, 312 teaching(s), xviii, 53, 76, 90, 109, 267, 298, 362, 363, 402, 423, 432, 433 wisdom, 78, 80-82, 172, 186, 189, 364 See also Śākyamuni; Tathāgata Buddha Dharma(s), 30, 40, 44, 48, 53, 59, 62, 66, 78-80, 84, 99, 146, 174, 186, 189, 197, 206, 217, 222, 225, 231, 239, 259, 264, 266, 366, 384, 385, 392, 400, 402, 404, 406, 409, 413, 414, 417, 420, 424, 425, 427, 429, 435

Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha, 52, 175, 189, 225, 261, 268, 274, 276, 309, 385, 436

See also Three Treasures

buddhahood, xvi, 3, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23, 24, 34, 64, 68, 69, 76, 84, 133, 136, 147, 154, 163, 169, 170, 184, 191, 199, 201, 203, 205, 227, 261, 266, 283, 284, 288, 313, 367, 368, 373, 379, 381, 382, 385, 390, 391, 395, 408, 435, 436, 449, 451

aspiration/vow for, 80, 148 cause(s) for/of, 34, 65, 77, 122, 227, 365 path of/to, 64, 66, 67, 85, 449 seed(s) of, 126, 436

buddha-nature, xviii, 38, 123, 126, 136, 137, 140-142, 145, 149, 150, 153, 170, 196, 317, 365, 372, 373, 375, 376, 380

threefold, xix, 142, 191, 364, 367, 376, 379

Buddhism, xiii-xvi, 53, 400, 416, 420, 424, 427, 428, 432

Buddhist(s), xiii-xv, xvii, xx, 225, 257, 259, 297, 307, 308, 413-415, 432, 434

path, 65, 69, 414-416, 426, 431, 445 precepts, 61, 334

sutras/treatises, 61, 402, 403, 432 C

Candala (bodhisattva), 380 Catalogue of Herbs, 59, 212 causes and conditions, xviii, 40-43, 45-47, 50, 59, 62, 63, 68, 78, 79, 82, 101-103, 106, 111, 114-115, 126, 127, 149, 156, 163, 192, 208, 214, 218, 226, 230, 240, 243, 261, 263-264, 271-273, 305-307, 309, 311, 312, 356-364, 366, 368-370, 372, 373, 375-377, 379, 380, 387, 388, 390, 391, 400, 405, 420, 427, 429, 431, 436, 443, 445

twelvefold, 114-116, 119, 166, 361, 363-370, 372, 374-376, 378, 379, 390, 442, 444, 446, 447

See also dependent coarising, twelvefold causes and fruits/results, 29-31, 35, 36, 77, 169, 172, 266, 273, 428 cessation-and-contemplation, xv, xvii, xx-xxi, 3, 6, 9-11, 48-52, 56-59, 61, Index

74, 76, 81, 86, 95-97, 100-101, 104, 136, 201, 210, 212, 214, 221, 228, 240, 261, 271-272, 282, 283, 290, 298, 300, 305, 312, 363, 388, 394, 400, 431, 434

See also contemplation(s) Chandaka, 31

Chen Zhen, 260

chi energy, xvii

See also qi

China/Chinese, xiii, xvii, 62, 185, 224, 399, 409, 413, 417

Chinese (language), xx, xxi, 187, 189 Clear Serenity, Quiet Insight: T'ien-t'ai Chih-i's Mo-ho chih-kuan (Swanson), xix, xx-xxi, 455

Compendium of the Great Vehicle. See Shelun

Confucius/Confucian, 54, 61, 62, 419 consciousness(es), 13, 14, 57, 64, 89, 105, 107, 130, 157, 160, 167-169, 171, 195, 207, 211, 229, 248, 252, 262, 263, 288, 297, 324, 325, 329, 331, 333, 345-346, 355, 358-359, 361, 367-372, 379, 382, 437, 439, 440, 443, 452, 453

ālaya (store), 89, 411

five, 251-252

object(s) of, 167-169, 204-205, 346 sense, six, 358, 362

seven constituents of, 365, 366, 380, 381

See also aggregate(s), five; dependent coarising, twelvefold

constancy/permanence, bliss, selfhood, and purity, 39, 105, 128, 373, 376, 447 contemplation(s), xiii, xv, xvi, xix, xx, 3, 5, 8-10, 14, 18, 19, 21, 24, 30, 31, 36, 37, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 73-75, 77-80, 82-86, 89, 90, 94, 99, 101, 104, 110, 115, 116, 118, 119, 134, 533

Index

contemplation(s) (continued): 136, 139, 142, 148, 152, 153, 156, 157, 159, 187, 188, 193, 194, 196, 204, 207, 212-214, 216, 219-222, 226, 245, 247, 249, 250, 256-257, 264, 268, 270, 272, 282-284, 286, 295, 297, 298, 300, 302, 304, 305, 310, 326, 329, 332, 333, 336, 339-342, 344, 348-352, 360, 362-365, 369, 377, 378, 388, 389, 392-394, 397, 398, 410, 419, 431, 435, 440, 452, 453

of causes and conditions, 156, 311, 360-363, 375, 376, 442

of compassion/compassionate mind, 156, 267, 306, 309, 355, 394 of a corpse/human bones/white bones, 338-340, 344, 347, 356

correct/true, 80, 82, 93, 114, 116, 433 of Dharma-nature, 84, 87, 135, 150 five, for putting the mind at rest, 17, 305

four/fourfold, 12-13, 51, 86, 95-96, 154, 162

Great Vehicle/Mahayana, 201, 203, 271, 289

of ignorance, 83, 84, 140 of impurity, 155, 220, 230, 305-306, 308, 309, 311, 325-326, 336, 338, 340-341, 347-349, 355-356 object(s) of, xvii, 188, 214, 228, 247, 349, 356

ten, xvi, 3, 213, 238, 271, 289, 304, 397

of the principle (of truth/reality), 148, 150, 153, 156-157, 164, 306 of sense fields/realms, 196, 304, 311 sixteen, 15, 19, 27-28

ten methods/modes of, xvi-xvii, 201, 204, 221, 261, 265, 268, 283, 289, 298, 363, 388, 397, 435

534

three/threefold, xvii, xviii, xix, 25, 78, 94, 96, 97, 101, 103, 105, 118-119, 125, 137, 171, 209, 394, 395 of the conventional/conventionality, xvii, xviii, 3, 5, 9-11, 25, 36, 42, 46, 52, 74, 77-80, 82-85, 88, 91-93, 110, 114, 116, 118, 199, 229, 266, 394

of emptiness, xvii, xviii, 3, 4, 5, 25, 42, 64, 74, 77-80, 82-85, 88, 91-93, 106, 110, 114, 116, 118, 138, 199, 217, 228, 265, 394 of the Middle/Middle Path, xvii, xviii, 25, 74-76, 78-82, 85-88, 91, 93, 109, 110, 114, 116, 118, 199, 224, 229, 266, 394

See also cessation-and-contemplation Contemplation of Samantabhadra, 195, 210

Contemplation of the Buddha of Immeasurable Life, 183 conventional/conventionality, xiv, xviixix, 3, 5-6, 9-16, 22, 25-26, 29, 31, 32, 35, 36, 41-46, 49, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58-61, 63-76, 82-84, 88, 89, 91-93, 96-98, 101-103, 105, 106, 110, 112-114, 117-119, 126-131, 135, 137-139, 141, 147, 153, 162, 169-171, 177, 199, 201, 207-208, 225, 229, 233, 235, 269, 280, 286, 294, 312, 326, 375, 394, 433, 452 concepts/conceptions/conceptual attitudes/conceptualization, 3, 5-7, 24-27, 40, 50, 52, 58, 186, 249, 256, 311

designation(s), xviii, 40, 127, 130, 138, 139, 196

existence(s), 43, 103, 126, 235, 358, 394 means/methods, xviii, 1, 42, 66, 67, 77, 187, 301, 379, 404, 450

of mistaken views, 8, 25, 40, 58, 64, 73

name(s)/verbal explanations, 4, 287, 351, 368, 375, 376

reality(ies), xix, 30, 35, 111, 217, 228, 266, 301, 326, 338, 391, 449 three kinds/types of, 5, 9-14, 30, 48-51, 83, 86, 95, 102, 229, 370, 409

world, xviii, 44, 66, 68, 70, 130, 233, 234, 235

See also contemplation(s), three/threefold; threefold truth copper cakravartin, 136, 206, 231, 365, 379, 381

corpse(s), 58, 155, 162, 268, 278, 336-338, 340, 344, 345, 347-349, 352, 356 decaying, nine considerations of, 56, 58, 154, 155, 305, 307-309, 311, 325, 334, 335, 336-339

covetousness/greed, anger, and delusion/ ignorance, 62, 103, 154, 192, 216, 222, 425

See also three poisons

Crane Grove, 141

D

Daśabhūmika. See Ten Stages Deer Park, xviii, 29, 141, 375 delusion(s), xv, xix, 3-5, 8-11, 13, 16-18, 20-26, 28-31, 33-37, 39, 43, 49-51, 58, 59, 61, 63, 66, 77, 83, 84, 93, 94, 102, 108-109, 112, 114, 115, 133, 141, 143, 154, 164, 168-169, 171, 184, 185, 191, 192, 198, 206, 212, 216, 217-219, 223, 228, 230, 231, 242, 257, 260, 269, 283, 291, 309, 310, 315, 319, 335, 339, 342, 359, 364, 365, 369, 370, 374, 381, 391-393, 395, 399, 407, 409, 411, 424, 433, 434, 440, 441, 449-451 conceptual/of conceptual attitudes, 4, 14-16, 18, 21, 28, 51, 52, 58, 77, 449 Index

dustlike, 85, 112, 113, 128, 131, 231, 369

eighty-one, 15, 16

empty, 38, 56, 177, 183

five levels of, 63, 112

of mistaken views, 4, 20, 21, 28, 46, 51, 58, 66, 215, 449

nine levels, 7, 12, 18, 22, 23, 27 See also covetousness/greed, anger, and delusion/ignorance; ignorance demon(s)/demonic, 3, 119, 161, 162, 177, 213, 218-219, 242, 243, 247-249, 260, 261, 277, 281, 282, 289-293, 295, 297-302, 316, 324, 352, 360-361, 368, 380, 384, 385, 399, 421, 423, 424, 425, 432, 438, 446 forces/spirits, xvi, xvii, 72, 95, 219, 289-291, 298, 300-304, 310, 316, 320, 367, 380, 432, 450

form-shifting, 291-292, 297 four, 95, 290, 301, 316, 380 nerve-wracking, 291-291, 297 See also Māra; yakṣa; Yama dependent coarising, twelvefold, 263, 301, 357

See also causes and conditions, twelvefold

desire(s), 5-7, 14, 18, 43, 90, 132, 155, 173, 214, 215, 219, 221-222, 226, 256, 280, 294, 298, 308, 309, 311, 312, 321, 329, 335, 337, 338, 406, 418-421, 423, 443

covetous, 5, 7, 105, 216, 220-222, 224-226, 230, 250, 273, 311, 319, 347, 411, 419, 425

erotic/lustful/passionate/sexual, 3, 4, 155, 214, 224, 225, 321, 338, 440 five, xiv, 164, 213, 261, 296, 323, 339, 432

freedom from (stage of), 16, 18, 20, 21, 23, 329

535

Index

desire(s) (continued):

nine levels of, 5, 7

realm/world of, 3, 4, 7-10, 15, 17, 18, 20-24, 27, 28, 51, 111, 113, 124, 143, 154, 290, 291, 314-322, 325, 341-345, 356, 359, 360, 383, 395, 418, 419, 436-438, 450

sense/sensual, xvi, 5-6, 67, 164, 213, 214, 339, 390, 432

six, of a woman, 5

See also three realms/triple realm(s), of desire

destiny(ies), 173, 189, 192, 273, 377, 393, 436

good, three, 195, 261, 283-285, 298, 363, 377, 436

evil, 222, 389, 424

three, 46, 53, 136, 195, 261, 283-285, 298, 325, 359, 363, 376, 389, 390, 433, 436, 446

six, 285, 450

ten, 3, 281, 284, 299, 380, 392, 395 See also rebirth; transmigration dhāraṇī, xv, 146, 181, 192, 193, 379, 399, 427

treasure torch, 123, 196

See also spell(s)

dharma(s), xvi, xvii, 9, 11, 13-15, 17, 18, 23, 24, 35, 37, 55, 64, 69, 73-74, 79, 84, 85, 92, 98, 99, 102, 103, 108, 116, 118, 127, 130, 138-140, 142, 145, 168, 175-176, 186, 199-200, 202, 206, 210, 226, 231, 270, 276, 285, 289, 295, 302, 303, 317, 319, 321, 325, 329, 342, 352, 362, 365, 381, 382, 390, 397, 402, 405, 419, 444, 445, 451, 453

deconstructing/deconstruction of, 3, 74, 28, 29, 31, 35, 36, 42, 64, 73-74, 84, 93-94, 97, 100, 101, 105, 110, 122, 210, 229, 268, 286, 287, 300, 301, 334, 369, 394

536

deviant/evil/negative/perverse, 101, 295-297, 321, 392

good, 183, 195, 212, 276, 278, 295, 322 phenomenal, 306, 343, 437 true, 295, 366, 408

See also dharma realm(s)

Dharma, 5, 28, 29, 38, 61, 64, 68, 70, 74, 81, 104, 124, 132, 133, 135, 144, 146, 147, 152, 153, 157, 164, 165, 171, 173, 176, 179, 180, 184, 190, 191, 193, 194, 196, 197, 226, 230, 239, 275, 280, 288, 297, 302-304, 307-309, 327, 342, 360, 362, 374-376, 378, 379, 398, 405, 406, 414, 432-436, 452

cloud, stage of, 20

correct/real/true, 29, 122, 140, 187, 203, 400, 403, 430, 431

eye(s), 18, 43, 49, 50, 52, 56, 70-73, 76, 83, 171, 208, 229

flavor of, 354-355, 360

gate(s), 23, 180, 187, 203, 385, 430, 435 Hinayana/inferior/of ordinary people, 62, 123, 155

master(s), 213, 294, 444

methods (of meditation), 8, 48, 50-51, 86, 87, 95, 154, 342

mindfulness of, 57, 385

noble/sublime, 182, 203, 308, 319, 335 realm(s), 40, 42, 57, 78, 93, 103, 105, 125, 128, 136, 170, 171, 182, 207, 238, 266, 268, 376, 392

teaching(s), xiv, 26, 38, 52, 53, 55-65, 71, 74, 78, 86, 87, 95, 97, 101, 102, 106, 114-116, 119, 123-125, 131, 133, 149-151, 160, 166, 171, 172, 174, 176, 179-180, 187, 196, 202, 203, 213, 215, 292, 299, 303, 319, 338, 352, 357, 383, 385, 386, 396, 398-400, 403-405, 410, 412, 413,

426-431, 434, 435, 437, 442, 448, 449

wheel, 27, 68, 190, 376

See also Buddha Dharma; Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha; Dharma body; Dharma-nature; dharma realm(s) Dharma body, 57, 72, 92, 105, 136, 163, 164, 182, 183, 238, 240, 248, 277, 289, 301, 306, 365-367, 379-382, 393, 453

See also body(ies), of buddha(s)/ Buddha/Tathāgata; Dharma-nature, body of

Dharma body, prājña-wisdom, and liberation. See three good/virtuous qualities

Dharmākara, 193

Dharma King, 89

See also Buddha

Dharma-nature, 40, 56, 73, 84, 87, 90-91, 93, 101, 116, 126-132, 135, 136, 140, 147, 150, 195, 201, 205, 206, 213, 229, 285, 369, 373, 378, 381, 382, 392-394, 410, 411, 437 body of, 137, 300, 365, 396 dharma realm(s), 285, 389-391, 441 nine, 126, 127, 170, 265, 289, 391-393 ten, xvi, 68, 72-73, 126, 147, 169, 179, 201, 227, 261, 283, 284, 288, 367-370, 379, 388, 390, 392, 435-436, 451

Dharmauttara, 107

Dharma Wisdom (bodhisattva), 175 dhyāna/dhyāna concentration(s)/meditation(s), xvi, xvii, 8-12, 24, 27, 51, 55, 93, 124, 134, 137, 145, 154, 173, 176, 188, 195, 197, 199, 202, 212, 215, 240, 250, 261, 264, 272, 276, 293, 297, 304-308, 310-315, 317, 320-322, 324, 325, 328-330, 333-336, 342, 352-357, 360, 367, 377, 380, Index

382-384, 386, 388-392, 394, 396, 398, 399, 405, 406, 412, 415-416, 421, 423-425, 431, 432, 446, 447 defiled, 307, 308

demonic, 282, 302, 421, 423, 432 flavor of, 4, 310, 312, 317, 355, 388, 395-397

four (basic)/stage(s) of, xiv, 8-12, 27, 53, 93, 134, 153, 305, 307, 309, 310, 313, 316, 318, 323, 325-329, 339, 349-351, 355, 359, 361, 383, 384, 386, 388, 389, 391, 415, 427, 436 first, 9-10, 16, 22, 27, 124, 134, 315, 316, 320, 322, 323-324, 327, 328, 333, 343, 344, 349-351, 354, 361, 383, 384, 415, 418, 419

fourth, 11-12, 27, 134, 328, 333, 343-345, 349-351, 354, 355, 415 second, 10-11, 27, 134, 322, 328, 333, 343, 344, 349-351, 354, 415 third, 10, 11, 27, 134, 328, 333, 343-345, 350-351, 354, 355, 415 heterodox non-Buddhist, 334, 346 mind of, 281, 394, 396

one-sided, 9, 398

perfection of, 144, 145, 152-154, 167, 168, 170, 171, 276, 310, 352, 390, 391, 447

sutra(s), 306, 362

ten categories of, 307, 311, 313 undefiled, 307-309

of the world/worldly, 8, 307, 346 Diamond Sutra, 98, 99, 147, 208 Dilun scholars, 111, 113 See also Treatise on the Ten Stages Dīpaṃkara, 34

Dīrghanakha, 407, 438

See also Śāriputra

disease(s), xvi, xvii, 38, 40, 43, 44, 46, 49, 50, 52, 54-56, 59-64, 66, 71, 73, 83, 102, 105, 116, 139, 144-145, 537

Index

disease(s) (continued):

153, 159, 165, 205, 212, 213, 220, 223, 224, 226, 228, 229, 238-262, 264-271, 290, 293, 295, 304, 320, 338, 367, 380, 392-394, 427, 428, 435, 444, 449-450

objects of, xvii, 238-240 See also medical methods/specialists; medicinal/medicine(s); physician(s) Distinct Teachings, xv, xviii, 15, 18-21, 24, 26-28, 37-39, 67-72, 76-78, 91-93, 98, 102, 106, 107, 110, 113, 116-118, 124, 139, 141, 146, 150, 151, 153, 169, 170, 182-186, 200, 217, 222, 234, 235, 264, 266, 283, 284, 299, 303, 304, 364, 366, 370, 375-377, 380, 405, 409-411, 414, 425, 431, 434, 448-450

See also Fourfold Teachings Dōgen, xiii

doubt(s)/doubter/doubtful, 54, 57, 90, 133, 174, 178, 186, 215, 259, 260, 267, 269, 271, 313, 319, 383, 419, 422, 428, 437, 440, 443

See also five impediments dualistic, 295, 357

Dou Xiluo (demon), 248

E

eightfold (noble, right) path, xvii, 56, 58, 121-125, 134-136, 202, 372, 440 emptiness, xvii-xix, 3-5, 8, 9, 12-14, 16, 25, 26, 29-31, 33, 35-46, 48, 49, 51, 52, 56-57, 60, 63-70, 73-79, 82-85, 89, 91-93, 96-103, 106-107, 110, 113-119, 126-130, 135, 137-141, 145, 147, 153, 166, 168, 175, 182, 184, 192, 200, 203, 205, 208, 217, 220-223, 225, 228-230, 234, 235, 265, 266, 268, 271, 280, 281, 283, 284, 286, 287, 294, 302, 303, 314, 538

321, 325, 329, 333, 342, 345, 355, 359, 360, 364, 368, 369, 372-375, 378, 393, 394, 402, 403, 408, 409, 420-424, 435-454

all-wisdom/wisdom of, 22, 30, 35, 83, 84, 106, 117, 131-132, 138, 182, 203, 236, 364, 449, 451, 454 concentration(s) of/on, 316, 328, 333, 345, 384, 389, 453

of conceptual attitudes, 3, 5, 6, 15, 16, 66

eighteen kinds/types of, 138, 140, 372 equality of, 30, 32

essence of/essential, 3, 5, 12, 36, 57, 107, 115, 226, 268

great/of Mahayana, 30, 31, 37, 106-107, 140, 203, 372, 420 mind of, 182, 307, 437

samādhi of, 56-57, 139

small/Hinayana/of the two vehicles, 30, 85, 106, 140, 208, 372, 420 threefold/three kinds of, 13, 25, 67 true, 7, 16, 17, 69, 70, 83, 84, 88, 182, 199-200, 237, 238, 377, 411, 438, 441, 449

truth of, xiv, xviii, 6, 10, 11, 42, 63, 77, 83, 88, 89, 113, 193, 217, 228, 231, 264, 282, 285, 287, 395, 448 ultimate, 89, 97, 102, 105, 440 vacuous/void of, 30, 80, 81 See also nonemptiness; self/selfhood, emptiness/nonsubstantiality of; view(s), of emptiness

emptiness, conventionality, and the Middle, xiv, xvii, xviii, 25, 40, 70, 78, 91, 101, 103, 114, 118, 199, 286, 287, 375 See also contemplation(s), three/threefold; threefold truth emptiness, formlessness, and actionlessness, 57, 137, 230, 302, 453 See also three liberations

Index

esoteric Buddhism, xiii

Establishment of Vows, 197 eye(s)/eyesight, 26, 72, 80, 83, 90, 158, 159, 167-171, 188, 189, 205, 207-211, 214, 215, 241, 242, 246, 248, 250, 251, 255, 258, 263, 275, 291-293, 295-296, 314, 332, 336, 337, 385, 387

buddha/Buddha, 77, 80, 101, 170-172, 208, 209, 229

Dharma, 18, 43, 49, 50, 52, 56, 70-73, 76, 83, 171, 208, 229

divine, 180, 208, 227, 386, 387 five kinds of, 170, 208-210 of the mind, 327, 342, 398 three kinds of, 103, 229 of wisdom, 76, 80, 171, 189, 190, 208, 229

F

Fahuaxuanyi. See Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra

faith, 8, 25, 48, 50, 55, 62, 86, 87, 95, 100, 133, 193, 259, 342, 378, 398 deep/profound, 193, 196

mind of, 196, 378

root of, 57, 133

ten levels/stages, 20, 25, 68, 91, 111, 195, 196, 364, 377

Faxi, 268

fearlessness(es), 79, 84, 177-178, 202 four, 18, 133, 146, 172, 174, 177, 178, 374

female body/form, 5, 155, 214, 300 See also woman/women

fetus, 158, 245, 250, 255, 360, 443 See also kalala

Five Classics. See Book of Changes; Books of History, Odes, Rites five conditions, xv, 44, 46 five constituents, 9, 322-324, 330, 341-343, 354, 355, 359, 360, 384 five good roots, 57, 121, 122, 133, 135, 136, 440

five impediments, xvi, 134, 319 five powers, 55, 57, 121, 122, 133-134, 136, 202

Flower Garland Sutra, 25, 40, 42, 67, 92, 93, 99, 117, 126, 141, 175, 183, 185, 193, 196, 209, 226, 261, 285, 291, 330, 367, 368, 375, 443, 450, 451 forest(s), 55, 126, 268, 347, 348, 400 See also ascetic(s)/ascetic practice(s); mountain(s); tree(s)

four boundless demeanors, 316, 356, 357 four elements, xvii, 158-160, 238-240, 243, 244, 247, 253, 256, 260, 262, 269, 318, 320, 324, 356

earth, 158, 159, 240, 241, 243, 245, 247, 253, 255, 262, 269, 293, 318 fire, 158, 159, 238, 240, 241, 243, 245, 247, 252, 253, 262, 292, 318, 320 water, 158, 159, 238, 240, 241, 243, 245, 247, 252, 253, 262, 293, 318, 320

wind, 158, 159, 240, 241, 243, 245, 247, 252-254, 262, 318

See also five elements

Fourfold Teachings, xv, xviii-xix, 28, 120, 140, 141, 166, 174, 184, 375 See also Distinct Teachings; Perfect Teaching; Shared Teachings; Tripiṭaka Teachings

four fruits. See arhat(s); nonreturner(s); stream-enterer(s); once-returner(s) five elements (wood, fire, earth, metal, water), 53, 54

See also four elements

four methods of instruction, xviii, 6, 7, 33, 48, 50, 87, 186, 226, 227, 240, 300

539

Index

Four Noble Truths, xv, xix, 15, 19, 49, 58, 60, 61, 63, 64, 69, 77, 115-117, 119, 123, 138, 141, 166, 172-173, 177, 179, 180, 186, 190, 216, 220, 228, 269, 301, 308, 309, 370, 437, 438-442, 444-450, 453

four samādhis, xv, 100, 131, 136, 142, 143, 188, 206, 257, 260, 289, 352 both walking and sitting, xv, 188, 204, 313

constantly sitting, xv, 199, 313 constantly walking, xv, 188, 204, 313 neither walking nor sitting, xv, 188, 206, 313

See also samādhi(s)

four snakes. See four elements Four Universal Vows, xv, 80, 95, 193, 202, 369, 445

G

Ganges River, 59, 72, 148, 448 Ghoṣa, 315

god(s), 195, 261, 348, 354, 423, 436, 450 Golden Light Sutra, 53, 105, 120, 265, 271

good friend(s), xv, 55, 123, 124, 136, 399 Govinda, 34

Gradual Methods for Practicing Meditation/Gradual Practice of Meditation, xiii-xiv, xvii, 14, 310, 316, 317, 320, 323, 325, 329, 333, 334, 340, 346 Great and Broad (Vaipulya) Dhāraṇī Sutra, xxi, 429

Great Calming and Contemplation: A Study and Annotated Translation of Chih-i's Mo-ho chih-kuan, The (Stevenson and Donner), xxi, 455 Great Cessation-and-Contemplation, xiii-xxi, 1

See also Mohezhiguan

540

Great Collection of Sutras, 29, 31, 32, 123, 160, 292, 322, 328, 330, 362, 367, 451

Great Nirvana Sutra, 32, 34, 37-40, 42, 53, 55, 65, 67, 78, 79, 85, 89, 92, 104, 107, 115, 117, 123, 124, 135, 139, 141-142, 145, 224, 227, 239, 294, 307, 308, 311, 317, 334, 340, 347, 362, 372, 375, 378, 401, 435, 448 Great Perfection of Wisdom sutras. See Mahāprajñāpāramitā; Perfection of Wisdom in 25,000 Lines; Prajñāpāramitā sutras Great Treatise, 14, 17, 22, 23, 27, 29-31, 33-37, 53, 61, 82, 111, 113, 118, 121-124, 134, 135, 138, 139, 142, 146, 152, 154, 155, 158, 166, 174, 178, 181, 190, 196, 198, 200, 204, 206, 261, 283, 293, 294, 303, 312, 315, 316, 321, 323, 338, 343-345, 349, 351, 365, 382, 388, 389, 400, 402, 403, 407, 415, 420, 433, 438, 447 Great Vaipulya Dhāraṇī Sūtra. See Great and Broad (Vaipulya) Dhāraṇī Sutra Great Vehicle, 201, 203, 231, 271, 378, 397, 454

See also Mahayana; One Vehicle greed/greedy, 3, 4, 7, 47, 103, 143, 145, 154, 192, 213-216, 223, 352, 358, 399, 425

See also covetousness/greed, anger, and delusion/ignorance

Guanding, xiv, xvii, 1

Guṇabhadra, 199

Guṇavarman, 32-33

Gupta, 294, 300

H

heaven(s), 67, 82, 224, 252, 309, 360-361, 390-392, 429, 433 Black-toothed Brahmā, 396

of form, 14

Tuṣita, 25, 360

heavenly beings, 70, 221, 385 See also god(s)

Heavenly Gate, 430

heavenly realm(s), 285, 291, 385 six, 222, 290

heavenly state, 11-13 heterodox, 182, 207, 297, 307, 334, 346, 400-404, 412-417, 420, 421 teachers, six, 407, 414, 415 See also non-Buddhist(s) Himdan. See Zhou, Duke of hell(s)/hellish, xvi, 3, 68, 147, 169, 189, 195, 201, 221, 227, 249, 261, 265, 273, 283, 284, 285, 288, 289, 348, 367, 368, 379, 388-391, 395, 421, 424, 435, 436, 450, 451 Avīci, 160, 388

See also destiny(ies), evil; dharma realm(s), ten

Hinayana/Hinayanist, xviii, 27, 30, 31, 44, 62, 77, 106-107, 118, 123, 128, 135, 140, 141, 146, 165, 172, 174, 186, 187, 195, 220, 226, 236, 239, 271, 294, 302, 305, 306, 342, 355, 372, 375, 377, 379, 391, 402, 403, 411, 413, 417, 420, 431, 451 See also vehicle(s), two home-departed/home-departing, 161, 257, 335, 428, 430

See also monk(s)

Hōnen, xiii

Hua Tuo, 60

Huisi, xiv, 197, 276 I

icchantika(s), 67, 381, 436 ignorance, 3, 7, 9-13, 18, 21, 26, 35, 40, 47, 50, 56, 62, 73, 76-77, 79, 83-93, 98, 101, 103, 104, 107-109, 113-120, Index

131, 140, 146, 157, 160, 169, 189, 196, 202, 205, 206, 215, 216, 222, 223, 229, 263, 264, 266, 267, 279, 283, 291, 301, 331, 341, 349, 359, 361, 362, 363-371, 373, 376-382, 391-393, 396, 397, 410, 411, 425, 440-444, 447, 448, 452-454 fundamental, 79, 80, 82, 83, 85, 112, 231, 363

See also covetousness/greed, anger, and delusion/ignorance; delusion(s) India, 31, 185, 417, 420 Indra, 260, 299

Introduction to Mahayana, 107, 400 Ippen, xiii

J

Jainism, 400, 401

Jambudvīpa, 34

Japan/Japanese, xiii Jiang Tianwen, 252

Jing River, 431

Jinling, xiv

K

Kaishan Temple, 76, 99, 260 Kakuda Kātyāyana, 401 kalala, 358, 360, 443 See also fetus

Kapila, 400, 401, 403, 407, 412, 413, 416, 417

See also Sāṃkhya philosophy Kapilavastu, 38

karma, xvi, xvii, 218, 219, 248, 249, 260, 271-273, 281-288, 302, 304, 310, 359, 361, 364, 365, 367, 370, 376, 379, 396, 423-425, 429, 443, 444, 446, 450

bad/black/evil, 164, 219, 261, 271, 272, 277, 279, 280, 284, 285, 287, 288, 348, 349, 363, 389, 405 541

Index

karma (continued):

good/white, 271, 272, 274, 275, 279, 280, 284, 285, 287-289, 348, 349, 363, 396

marks of, 271-272, 274-275, 277, 279, 281-284, 286, 287

nonpropelling/nonpropulsive, 283, 363 object(s) of, 219, 271, 283, 285 past/previous/residual, 115, 363, 418, 423, 437, 443

recompense/results of, 3, 288, 401, 437 See also three obstacles karmic, 218, 248, 377 action(s)/activity/deed(s), 47, 57, 135, 160, 161, 173, 181, 182, 190, 193, 199, 214, 222, 239, 243, 248-249, 261-262, 271, 283, 285, 286, 316, 359, 360, 363, 365, 380, 419, 424, 425, 436

bonds, 46, 115, 116, 309, 425 effects/results, 248-249, 423 influence(s), 160, 331, 348, 383, 431, 432

recompense/reward(s), 214, 255, 256, 273, 284-286, 289, 297, 316, 347, 359, 366, 380, 389, 396, 419, 421, 424

retribution(s), 3, 173, 388, 389, 422, 429

Kāśyapa, 79

Kaṭhina, 308

Kātyāyana, 31

Kātyāyanīputra, 33

Khāṇuśikhin, 34

Kicci, 297

Konākamuni, 297

Kong/Kongqiu. See Confucius/Confucian Korea, xiii

Krakucchanda. See Kakuda Kātyāyana Kṣāntirṣi, 152

Kumārajīva, 401, 404

542

Kuśāgrapura, 268

Kuśinagara, 453

L

Lao-liao barbarians, 433 Laozi, 62, 72, 413, 417 Laozi's Advance to the West, 72 lay life, 280, 413

laymen/layperson, 221, 226 Liang dynasty, xiv

liberation(s), 8, 11, 12, 33, 38, 62, 79, 94, 95, 106-108, 137, 138, 140, 142, 143, 149, 155, 174, 179, 184, 190, 195, 219, 220, 223, 266, 318, 319, 324, 328, 329, 333-336, 339, 346, 365-367, 373, 377, 379, 381, 382, 405, 414, 418, 419, 424-426, 438, 451-453 eight, 51, 155, 305, 309, 330, 333, 334, 338,

path of, 7-11, 14, 16 three/three gates of, 133, 137-142, 148-150, 200, 210, 230, 288, 302, 395, 405, 426, 452

See also renunciation(s) lion's roar, 173, 177, 214 Lotus Sutra, xiii-xv, 5, 28, 34, 41, 42, 64, 66, 67, 81, 82, 92, 103, 104, 111, 112, 119, 124-126, 141, 165, 182, 191, 194-195, 201, 203, 206, 210, 216, 231, 271, 284, 286, 366, 368, 375, 380, 386, 389, 393, 415, 434, 435, 442, 451

"Discrimination of Merits" chapter, 193 Luoyang, 197

M

Mahāllaka, 401

Mahāprajñāpāramitā, 375 See also Prajñāpāramitā sutras Mahātyāgavat, 152

Mahāvaipulya-dhāraṇī-sūtra. See Great and Broad (Vaipulya) Dhāraṇī Sutra

Mahāvairocana. See Vairocana Mahayana, xviii, 30, 31, 37, 44, 49, 62, 81, 106, 107, 121, 123, 128, 131, 133-135, 140, 141, 145, 146, 155, 156, 165, 166, 174, 177, 183, 186, 187, 201, 203, 207, 220, 236, 239, 271, 272, 276, 289, 294, 303, 305, 306, 338, 342, 343, 347, 352, 367, 373, 375, 377-379, 385, 391, 402-405, 408-411, 413, 414-417, 420, 425, 431, 433, 451

See also Great Vehicle

Mahāyānasaṃgraha. See Summary of the Great Vehicle

Maitreya, 34, 81, 207

Maitreya Sutra on the Consideration of the Features of Bones, 207 Mañjuśrī, 82, 239, 267, 378 Māra, 182, 183, 243, 244, 248, 249, 257, 277, 281, 282, 289-291, 293-295, 297-300, 302-304

Māskārin Gośāliputra, 401 Maudgalyāyana, 93

medical methods/specialists, 240, 247, 252

See also physician(s)

medicinal/medicine(s), 43, 46, 49, 52-64, 66, 70, 71, 73, 83, 102, 116, 131, 139, 165, 170, 198, 205, 212, 220, 226, 228, 229, 247, 249, 258, 260, 265, 268, 285, 321, 326, 356, 394, 404, 428, 430, 444, 449-450

meditation(s), xiii-xv, xix, xx, 6, 9, 55, 125, 138, 188, 204, 215, 243-250, 253, 268, 274, 291, 292, 294, 302, 307, 310, 313-315, 317, 320, 325, 326, 330, 335, 336, 342, 343, 347, 357, 383, 384, 386-387, 392, 430-432 bliss of, 10, 304, 328

chamber/hall, 148, 152, 193, 214, 260, 261, 268, 277, 282

Index

concentrated/concentrative, 24, 38, 260, 386, 388, 392

Dharma methods of, 8, 48, 50-51, 86, 87, 95, 154

dhyāna, xvi, xvii, 4, 8, 9, 24, 51, 55, 93, 134, 137, 144, 145, 152-154, 167, 168, 170, 171, 173, 176, 188, 195, 197, 199, 202, 212, 215, 240, 261, 264, 272, 276, 281, 293-294, 297, 304-307, 310-312, 316, 320-322, 328, 330, 333-336, 342-346, 349-357, 360, 361, 367, 377, 380, 382-384, 386, 388-392, 394-399, 405, 406, 412, 415, 416, 418-419, 421, 424, 425, 446, 447

four, 53, 93, 307, 309, 310, 326-329, 339, 349, 355, 359, 361, 384, 386, 388, 389, 391, 415, 427

five constituents of, 341, 353, 383, 384, 387

master(s), 188, 197, 212, 444 superior (sixteen), 123, 138, 305, 307, 310, 325-330, 338, 339, 349, 350, 351, 355, 356, 360, 361, 384, 386 See also dhyāna/dhyāna concentration(s)/meditation(s); perfection(s), six, of meditation (dhyāna) meditative, xiii

concentration(s), xvii, 89, 178, 212, 215, 222, 230-232, 303, 313, 374, 389 stages/states, 153, 342, 436 See also dhyāna/dhyāna concentration(s)/meditation(s) Method of Repentance for Practicing the Lotus Samādhi, 188

Middle/Middle Path, xiv, xvii-xix, 26, 31, 36, 39, 41, 63, 74, 76, 77, 79, 80, 82-89, 91-94, 96-99, 101-103, 105, 109, 110, 114, 116-120, 126-131, 135, 137, 139, 147, 153, 171, 182, 183, 185, 199-201, 207, 208, 217, 543

Index

Middle/Middle Path (continued): 224, 225, 228-230, 235, 237, 238, 266, 280, 286, 287, 301, 375, 376, 390-392, 394, 395, 403, 410 Middle Treatise, xvii, 37, 84, 89, 94, 282, 303, 318, 362, 399, 403, 409, 411, 420, 434, 442

mind(s), 9, 10, 17, 34, 43, 44, 54, 57, 61, 64, 65, 69, 83, 95, 101, 103-104, 107-109, 114, 115, 126, 129-132, 144, 150, 152, 154, 156, 160, 161-163, 178, 179, 184, 187, 189, 193, 194, 201, 202, 204, 205, 212, 214, 227, 228, 229, 241, 243, 244, 247-258, 260-266, 269, 272, 274, 280-284, 286-288, 293, 295-298, 300, 303-305, 311-315, 317, 319, 322, 324, 325, 327, 328, 330-333, 338, 340, 343-345, 350-355, 357-365, 367, 368, 371, 372, 378, 380, 382, 384, 385, 387, 392, 394, 397, 398, 405, 407, 408, 412, 422, 424, 425, 428, 430, 433, 435-437, 439, 440, 451, 452, 454

agitated/distracted/troubled, 108, 144, 215, 216, 251, 444

angry/arrogant/haughty/quarrelsome, 244, 247, 303, 418

of (aspiration for) awakening, xv, 67, 87, 261, 394

of attachment, 339, 428-430 basis/nature of, 56, 86, 132, 285, 330, 332, 341, 393, 429

calm/collected/immobile/peaceful/ quiescent/quiet/of silence, xvi, 97, 154, 205, 228, 229, 252, 268, 270, 286, 300, 313, 314, 316, 322, 324, 328, 331, 369, 383, 394, 418, 432, 452, 454

compassionate/of compassion, 79, 220, 305, 306, 309, 311, 353-355, 387, 389

544

concentrated/concentrating/of concentration, 12, 13, 132, 135, 155, 205, 219, 316, 317, 326, 336, 337, 342, 352-354, 359, 383, 384, 392, 395, 396, 440

consciousness, 160, 288

of contemplation/contemplative/of meditation, 219, 248, 281, 295, 394, 412 contemplation of, 256-257 controlling/regulating, 29, 37, 416 deliberate/strong/substantial, 57, 226, 298, 302

deluded/deviant/dull/mistaken/perverted/impure, 46, 240, 258, 265, 295, 343, 410

of disease, 265, 266, 270 of emptiness/empty, 182, 307, 318, 332, 418, 421, 422, 437, 440, 442, 450-452

eye of, 327, 342, 398

of faith, 196, 378

good, 314, 318, 319, 384

one/single, 229, 306, 320, 368, 382, 394, 450

of others, knowing/reading, 58, 180, 330, 386, 387

pure/sublime/true/undefiled, 8, 165, 174, 272, 319, 346, 352, 353, 360, 382, 407

ten kinds of, that go against and with the flow of samsara, 188

See also body, breath, and mind; singleminded(ly)/singlemindedness mindful/mindfulness(es), 14, 17, 45, 57, 58, 92, 121, 122, 125, 128, 131, 133, 134, 136, 151, 152, 178, 179, 192, 195, 196, 220, 250, 269, 288, 302, 308, 310, 319, 324, 327-329, 332, 345, 351, 362, 370-371, 381, 385, 404-405, 414, 439-440, 444, 445, 447, 450, 451, 453

of the Buddha/buddhas, 157, 288, 302, 305, 306, 309, 311, 330, 382-387, 391

correct/right/true, 58, 135, 151, 385, 450 of decay(ing) and flourishing, 128-130 eight, 154, 155, 309

four, xvii, 55, 57, 69, 121, 125, 131, 133, 135-136, 157, 166-169, 202, 206, 210, 250, 288, 302, 308, 329, 338, 362, 370, 372, 395, 438, 450-451 root of, 57, 133, 151

six, 56, 57, 385

Mohezhiguan, xiii, 1, 34, 37, 39, 41, 73, 118, 187, 282, 283, 307, 310, 315, 392, 434

See also Great Cessation-and-Contemplation; Tiantai, three great texts of monk(s), xiii, 274, 275, 278, 279, 294, 297, 325, 335, 386

See also bhikṣu(s); śrāmaṇa mountain(s), xiii, xiv, 59, 80, 118, 119, 141, 161, 198, 199, 219, 260, 268, 295, 347, 348, 349-350,

See also forest(s)

Mount Hiei, xiii

Mount Malaya, 158

Mount Sumeru, 210, 341

Mount Taihua, 357

Mount Tiantai, xiv, 1

Mou Xi, 252

Mṛgala, 326, 337, 340

Mṛgaśiras, 415

N

Nāgārjuna, xviii, 34, 89, 185, 362, 402, 411

Nanyue Huisi. See Huisi

Never Disrespectful, 191, 210 Nichiren, xiii

Nirgrantha Jñātiputra, 401 Index

nirvana, xviii, 25, 35, 39, 40, 66, 71, 78, 86, 98, 99, 108, 113, 122, 123, 129-131, 141-143, 147, 153, 157, 164, 172, 190, 206, 210, 222, 223, 230, 232-236, 238, 262, 264, 283, 284, 288, 295, 298, 308, 325, 329, 356, 365-367, 369, 372-374, 376, 379, 380, 395, 396, 411, 419, 426, 427, 438, 441, 442, 448, 451, 452, 454 of extinction, 65, 66, 71 final/great/pure/supreme/ultimate, 24, 38-39, 79, 123, 128, 136, 172, 206, 230, 365, 366, 369, 373, 376, 379, 392, 431, 453

five types of, 367, 452

Hinayana, 128, 172

of no/without remainder, 17, 172, 182, 376, 441

path to, 131, 308

with remainder, 17, 376

nonarising, xv, 7, 9-14, 16, 23, 24, 29-31, 35, 36, 41, 42, 59, 74, 81, 84, 94-101, 104, 105, 110, 120, 125, 136, 151, 153, 201, 206, 212, 213, 221, 223, 226, 231, 238, 269-271, 277, 300, 303, 304, 315, 364, 369, 370, 379, 390, 396, 397, 407, 410, 411 nonattachment, 85, 224, 428, 430-431 non-Buddhist(s), xvii, 12, 38, 53, 72, 82, 92, 110, 232, 256, 297, 307, 325, 334, 346, 401-403, 413, 417

See also heterodox

nondual/nondualistic/nonduality, 81, 99, 100, 106, 147, 269

nonemptiness, 39, 83, 139, 223, 284 nonreturner(s), 12, 15, 16, 20, 21, 26-28, 173, 335

non-self/non-selfhood/no-self, 164, 264, 270, 288, 309, 372, 439

See also self/selfhood

Northern Song dynasty, 32 545

Index

O

offense(s), 150, 152, 157, 159, 182, 187, 189, 190, 192, 193, 213, 240, 248-249, 260, 261, 271, 272, 276, 277, 279, 284, 285, 289, 290, 382, 397, 401, 405, 417, 425, 426 five heinous, 189, 200, 221, 366, 381 heavy/grave/serious, 214, 221, 249, 261, 303, 381, 397

ten evil, 189

once-returner(s), 15, 20, 28, 34, 143, 173 One Vehicle, 41, 81, 126, 186, 203, 205, 231, 378, 397, 454

See also Great Vehicle

P

Pañcavimśati Sutra, 290, 294, 298 See also Perfection of Wisdom in 25,000 Lines

Pāpīyas. See Māra

pāramitā(s), 145, 152

See also perfection(s)

perfection(s), 98, 145-146, 166, 303, 333, 362, 364, 377, 392

six, xvii, 34, 62, 65, 68, 92, 104, 114, 116-119, 143-146, 164-172, 176, 178, 181, 183, 184, 194-195, 206, 222, 264, 269, 274-276, 278, 301, 302, 310, 338, 364, 374, 377, 378, 390, 444, 446-447

of diligence (vīrya), 144, 152-153, 167, 168, 170, 171, 276, 352, 374, 390, 446

of giving (dāna), xvii, 34, 98, 143, 146-149, 152, 166-169, 171, 172, 181, 274, 352, 373, 377, 390, 396, 446

of keeping/upholding the precepts (śīla), 98, 143, 149-150, 152, 167-169, 171, 181, 275, 352, 373-374, 390, 446

546

of meditation/meditative concentration (dhyāna), 144, 145, 152-154, 167, 168, 170, 171, 276, 310, 352, 374, 377, 390, 391, 447

of patience (kṣānti), 144, 151-152, 156, 167-169, 171, 275, 352, 374, 390, 446

of prajñā-wisdom/wisdom, xvii, 22, 34, 36, 98, 144, 145, 152, 157, 167, 169-171, 181, 182, 276, 302, 352, 374, 377, 390, 447

of skillful means, 22, 145 ten, 22, 145

Perfection of Wisdom in 25,000 Lines, 16, 20, 22, 23, 30, 37, 39, 42, 52, 67, 68, 117, 125, 136, 140, 145, 171, 191, 199, 308, 368, 373, 374, 378, 385, 437, 447, 451

See also Pañcavimśati Sutra Perfect Teaching, xv, xviii-xix, 25-28, 38-42, 68-70, 72, 77-78, 91-93, 98, 102, 104, 106, 107, 117, 124, 135, 139-141, 147, 148, 150, 151, 153, 155, 170-171, 174, 182-184, 186, 188, 195, 209, 217, 234, 235, 267, 284, 294, 299, 301, 302, 366, 375-378, 405, 409-412, 414, 425, 426, 431, 434, 448-450

See also Fourfold Teachings Peṭaka/Piṭaka Treatise, 31, 63, 403, 409 physician(s), 44, 55, 59, 60, 120, 212, 223, 240, 334, 427

See also medical methods/specialists Prajñāpāramitā sutras, 37, 141 See also Mahāprajñāpāramitā prajñā/prajñā-wisdom, 22, 29, 30, 31, 35-37, 67, 98, 122, 144, 145, 148, 155, 157, 164, 168, 174, 236, 238, 310, 364, 365, 367, 377, 379, 381, 382, 403, 453

thirty-six options for, 236-238

ultimate, 366, 379

unique, 39, 451

See also perfection(s), six, of prajñāwisdom/wisdom; three good/virtuous qualities; wisdom(s) Prasannendriya, 226-227, 388 pratyekabuddha(s)/pratyekabuddhahood, 16-18, 20, 21, 23, 24, 37, 75, 112, 117, 163, 189, 199, 200, 207, 219, 222, 223, 230, 264, 283, 364, 390, 391, 427, 441, 444, 450, 451, 454 See also vehicle(s), two precept(s), 4, 38, 52-57, 61, 85, 98, 143, 149-152, 167, 168, 169, 171, 175, 178, 181, 195, 224, 240, 248, 249, 264, 275, 278-280, 297, 302, 309, 334, 335, 342, 343, 352, 373-374, 378, 385, 388, 390, 396, 423, 436, 438, 446, 453

attachment to, 215, 438, 441 five, 52-54, 221, 249, 359 See also perfection(s), six, of keeping/ upholding the precepts (śīla) precepts, concentration/concentrative meditation, and wisdom, 55, 122, 308, 342, 392

Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra, xiii, xiv, 185

See also Tiantai, three great texts of Punya, 362

Pūraṇa Kāśyapa, 401

Pure Crossing, 313

pure land/Pure Land(s), 104, 158, 266, 374

See also buddha(s), land(s)/realm(s) Pure Land (tradition), xiii Pūrṇa, 82, 151

Q

qi, 241, 242, 243, 245, 249-258, 262, 331-332, 336

See also chi energy

Index

Questions of Mañjuśrī, 304 quiescence/quiescent, xx, xxi, 6, 28, 33, 35, 60, 78, 98, 131-133, 138, 167, 171, 186, 208, 209, 211, 230, 250, 263, 265, 266, 272, 287, 317, 322, 324, 337, 369, 382-394, 396, 452, 454 extinction, 81, 91, 151, 178, 201, 262, 375, 379, 394

illumination, 205, 299 R

realm(s), xvi, 12-14, 25, 179, 216, 222, 227, 230, 265, 266, 274, 277, 289, 290, 299, 311, 324, 325, 339, 366, 393, 438, 448

of asuras, 283

of awakening/liberation, 318, 319, 357, 434

of beasts, 221, 283, 436 of birth and death/samsara/ten destinies, 265, 284, 392

beyond delusions, 63, 291 of bodhisattva(s), 222, 264, 364, 390, 447, 448

borderline, 324

of Buddha/buddha(s)/buddhahood, 79, 170, 290, 299, 300, 308, 383, 391 conceivable/mundane/worldly, 217, 265 evil/of defiled passions/perversions, 53, 102

demonic/of demons, 290, 299-301 divine/heavenly, 11, 12, 58, 222, 283, 284, 285, 291, 353, 385, 438 hell, 273, 283

higher/upper, 4, 283, 389 human, 273, 283, 284, 353, 389 of hungry spirits, 282, 283, 436 inconceivable, 209, 265 lower, 4, 283, 386, 391 of no conceptions/nonconceptuality, 16, 438

of nonexistence, 13, 14, 356 547

Index

realm(s) (continued):

of śrāvaka(s)/pratyekabuddha/two vehicles, 111, 222, 262, 264, 299, 364, 389, 390, 437, 441, 444 supramundane/transworldly, 25, 217, 343, 395, 411

twenty-five, of existence, 390, 391, 397, 444

See also Dharma, realm(s); dharma realms; sense fields/realms; three realms/triple realm

rebirth, 3, 9-11, 16, 98, 105, 113, 160, 161, 172, 223, 273, 283, 284, 343, 359, 389, 401, 424, 425, 435, 438, 442 See also birth and death; samsara; transmigration

recompense, 16, 135, 169, 214, 216, 218, 266, 271-279, 281, 284, 291, 298, 302, 306, 347, 437, 454

body/buddha of, 105, 288, 289, 306 of karma/karmic, 3, 214, 255, 256, 271, 273, 284-286, 288, 297, 316, 347, 359, 380, 389, 396, 419, 424, 437 true, 113, 266, 376

renunciation(s), 51, 58, 155, 336, 339, 340, 343-347, 349, 360, 384, 385, 387, 389-391

eight, 230, 305, 309, 311, 334, 338-340, 342-346, 349, 356, 391 See also liberation(s)

Right Mindfulness (divine being), 175 Ṛṣabha, 400, 407, 417

See also heterodox, teachers, six Ruler of the World, 299

S

Sadāprarudita, 385

Sāgara, 80

Śākya, 404

Śākyamuni, xiv, 25, 29, 34, 71, 72, 92, 98, 174, 268, 300, 303, 304, 340, 401, 451 See also Buddha

548

samādhi(s), 38, 137, 142-144, 153, 204, 209, 300, 313, 339, 346, 347, 357, 360, 379, 382, 390

of actionlessness, 57, 137, 165 of causes and conditions, 360, 362 diamond, 98-99

of emptiness, 12, 56-57, 139 of following one's thoughts, 204, 206 of formlessness, 57, 139 immovable/uninterrupted, 17, 19, 300 king of, 391, 392, 397

lotus, xv, 204

of mindfulness of the Buddha, 384, 386 red-colored, 291, 301

śūraṅgama, of heroic progress, 81, 154, 155

three kinds/types of, 56, 133, 137, 138, 142, 150

vaipulya, xv, 204

vajra, 314

See also four samādhis; samadhic concentration(s)

samadhic concentration(s), 8, 13, 55, 143, 144, 154, 156, 157, 198, 200-202, 209, 216, 261, 305, 314, 384, 391, 453

Samantabhdra, 378

śamatha-vipaśyanā, xiii, xv, xx See also cessation-and-contemplation Sāṃkhya philosophy, 400, 407, 413 samsara, 16, 41, 99, 108, 111-116, 147, 161, 163-165, 170, 188, 213, 218, 223, 226, 265, 335, 380, 390-392, 397, 411, 438, 450

and nirvana, xviii, 86, 98 ordinary constituent, 114, 147, 265, 291 See also birth and death; rebirth; transmigration Saṃthakātyāyana Sutra, 31 Sañjaya Velaṭṭhiputta, 401 Sanskrit, xx, 187

Śāriputra, 27, 29, 30, 33, 45, 93, 141-142, 402 Sarvāstivāda. See Vaibhāṣika school Secret Methods of the Emperor, 252 secret treasury, 38, 68, 129-131, 136, 141, 379

self/selfhood, 38, 39, 46, 57, 64, 74, 85, 86, 96-97, 102, 105, 130, 138, 156, 157, 161-162, 204, 207, 222, 230, 234, 270, 288, 294, 311, 318, 340, 372, 373, 376, 385, 402, 407, 408, 411, 426, 437-438

emptiness/nonsubstantiality of, 30, 40, 96, 97, 108, 264

imputation/view(s) of, false/mistaken/ perverted/warped, 46, 128, 161, 162, 283, 290, 359, 402, 438, 440, 443, 447

substantial, 46, 130-131, 144, 161-162, 221, 327, 360, 361, 440

See also non-self/non-selfhood/no-self; self-nature

self-centered(ness)/self-indulgent/selfish/ self-satisfaction, 7, 144, 148, 162, 215 self-control/self-denial, 152, 224 self-nature, 156, 176, 305, 414, 443, 445 sensation(s), 14, 57, 69, 126-127, 129, 195, 204, 207, 229, 244-245, 255, 262-264, 269, 288, 293, 296, 318-321, 323, 331, 333, 342, 345, 346, 358, 361, 362, 365, 366, 370-372, 380, 426, 439, 440, 443, 450 extinction of/extinguishing, 330, 333, 335, 339, 340, 346

five, 245, 371

perverse, 320-322

tactile (eight), 244-245, 250, 255, 316-324, 327, 341, 342

See also aggregate(s), five sense(s)/sense experience(s)/sense faculty(ies), 5, 6, 9, 126, 167, 169-171, Index

180, 210-211, 218, 223, 290, 293, 361, 367, 380, 439, 443

five, 200, 293, 345, 387 six, 68, 73, 85, 92, 104, 146, 147, 176, 196, 198, 203, 210-212, 262, 358, 363, 365, 366, 379, 380, 443 sense consciousnesses, six, 358, 362 sense desire(s). See desire(s), five, sense/ sensual

sense entrance(s), 83, 95, 101, 195, 205, 213, 228, 290, 358, 361, 367, 371, 380, 437, 443

six, 358, 371

twelve, xvi, 105, 195, 205, 207, 290 sense fields/realms, xvi, 83, 95, 101, 152, 156, 195, 196, 204-207, 209, 213-214, 228, 269, 290, 304, 311, 380 eighteen, xvi, 105, 195, 205, 207, 290, 362

sense objects, 4-6, 10, 98, 167-171, 204, 209, 210, 228, 263, 358, 437 five, 209, 211, 296

six, 147, 166-167, 204, 207, 358, 362, 371

sense organ(s), 166-171, 262, 295, 296, 317, 358, 361, 374, 377, 443 five, 211, 245, 248, 249, 262, 293, 295, 297, 365

mental, 9-11

six, 166-167, 263, 358, 361, 362 Shared Teachings, xv, xviii, 5, 15, 16, 18-21, 25-28, 35-39, 66, 69-71, 75-76, 91-93, 98, 102, 106, 112, 113, 116, 117, 124, 138, 141, 146, 149, 151, 153, 167, 169, 181, 182, 184-186, 200, 217, 222, 234, 235, 264, 266, 283, 300, 301, 303, 304, 364, 370, 374-377, 380, 390, 405, 409-412, 414, 425, 430, 433, 434, 447-450

See also Fourfold Teachings 549

Index

Shelun, 111, 112

Shen Nong, 59, 60, 212

Shinran, xiii

Shinto/Buddhist syncretism, xiii Shorter Tiantai Cessation-and Contemplation, xiv See also Gradual Methods for Practicing Meditation/Gradual Practice of Meditation

Siddham, 365

singleminded(ly)/singlemindedness, 14, 56, 57, 70, 83, 100, 101, 124, 132, 154, 182, 250, 251, 261, 272, 295, 302, 319, 321-324, 328, 331, 333, 341, 344, 354, 360, 383, 387, 395 See also mind(s), one/single Śivi, 34

Six Identities, 68, 120, 210, 231, 377 Six Sublime Teachings, xiv skillful means, xvi, xviii, 22, 29-31, 34, 39, 42-46, 49, 50, 52, 66, 68, 77, 81, 86, 89, 90, 92, 106, 113, 114, 132, 145, 170, 175, 177, 185, 193, 211, 213, 226, 228, 266, 268, 286, 294, 300, 301, 304, 322, 364, 366, 369, 375, 376, 379, 381, 388, 394, 403, 404, 408, 409, 413, 434, 449, 450, 452 spell(s), xix, 249, 257, 258 See also dhāraṇī

śrāmaṇa, 173

See also bhikṣu(s); monk(s) śrāvaka(s), 16, 17, 23-25, 27, 37, 45, 46, 112, 139, 141, 142, 163, 177, 189, 199, 200, 219, 222, 223, 230, 262, 266, 283, 294, 300, 350, 363, 364, 381, 389-391, 437, 441, 442, 450, 451, 454

See also vehicle(s), two Śrīmālādevī Sutra, 44, 64 stream-enterer(s), 3, 5, 8, 15, 20, 22-24, 29, 32, 36, 67, 110, 117, 137, 142, 173, 184, 277, 402, 441

550

Subhūti, 30, 208

suchness, 290, 451-452

See also thusness

suffering(s), 9, 24, 43, 45, 49, 58-61, 64, 67, 80, 114, 115, 118, 119, 123, 129, 138, 151, 156, 159-160, 163, 164, 167, 169, 172, 173, 177, 178, 189, 190, 196, 222, 224, 228, 229, 239, 241, 243, 256, 261-264, 266, 269, 270, 273, 274, 278, 279, 287, 288, 295, 296, 298, 301, 309, 324, 325, 327, 328, 335, 348, 354, 355, 363, 365, 368-370, 372, 374, 380, 387, 389, 392, 393, 397, 400, 401, 418, 423, 427-430, 432, 437-439, 441, 444, 445, 447, 448, 450, 453, 454 basis/cause(s) of, 9, 49, 58-61, 64, 78, 80, 114, 115, 118, 119, 123, 138, 172, 173, 177, 222, 228, 229, 262, 287, 301, 325, 368-370, 389, 419, 429, 430, 438-440, 444, 445, 447, 449, 453

path of, 365-367, 370, 376, 379, 429 truth of, 177, 180, 437-440, 444, 449 See also threefold path/three paths Sui dynasty, 1

Summary of the Great Vehicle, 185, 434 summer retreat, xvii, 435 supranormal abilities/powers, 18, 23, 66, 71, 72, 74, 106, 117-119, 121, 122, 124, 132, 133, 145, 180, 201, 289, 300, 305, 306, 309-311, 313, 317, 335, 336, 348, 352, 377, 383, 386-388, 391, 392, 404, 412-417, 419, 427, 432, 447

demonic, 421, 423

five, 306, 309, 386, 387, 404 four, 132, 135, 202, 387, 440 six, 51, 146, 180, 202, 305, 307, 310, 330, 339, 355, 356, 384

Sutasoma, 150

Sutra Expounded by Satyanigrantha, 183

Sutra of Final Bequeathed Teachings, 314, 450

Sutra of Pure Crossing, 313 Sutra of Pure Dharma Practices, 62 Sutra of Sublime and Supreme Samādhi, 428

Sutra of the Benevolent Kings, 21, 98, 104, 196

Sutra of the Bodhisattva's Necklace, 28, 109, 110, 301, 351, 362

Sutra of the Buddha Treasury, 40 Sutra of the Questions of Viśeṣacintibrahma, 149 Sutra on Clearing Doubts Concerning the Semblance Dharma, 376 Sutra on Nonactivity, 97, 99, 222, 224 Sutra on Petitioning Avalokiteśvara, 155, 208, 330, 332, 364

Sutra on Protecting the Sangha, 348 Sutra on the Bodhisattva Stages, 107, 108, 176, 305

Sutra on the Obstacles of Pure Karma, 280 Sutra on the Samādhi of Heroic Progress, 93

T

Tale of Genji (Lady Murasaki), xiii tathāgata(s), 78-79, 82, 92, 170, 171, 182, 191, 207, 307, 380, 384 See also buddha(s)

Tathāgata, 28, 38, 42, 68, 71, 78, 80, 81, 91, 92, 141, 170, 173, 193, 194, 203, 208, 239, 382, 384, 385, 391, 393, 394, 430, 448

See also Buddha

tathagatagarbha. See treasury/womb, of tathāgata(s)/Tathāgata

Tathāgatagarbha Sutra, 38 Tendai, xiii, xviii

See also Tiantai

ten powers, 18, 79, 84, 133, 146, 172, 174-177, 180, 202, 239, 374 Index

Ten Stages, 305, 434, 443 ten suchlike characteristics, xvi tetralemma, xv-xvii, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 45, 48, 57, 58, 83-87, 93, 96, 102, 110, 140, 207, 225, 226, 269, 300, 372, 439, 453

thirty-seven steps on the path/way, xvii, 121-125, 135, 136, 141, 142, 146, 157, 270, 308, 370, 372, 373, 440, 453 thought-moment, 26, 28, 201, 207 threefold path/three paths, 365, 367, 370, 376, 379

See also affliction(s)/passionate afflictions; karma; suffering(s) threefold/three truth(s), xiv, xviii, xix, 29, 40, 68, 70, 76, 79, 91, 94, 101, 103, 109, 131, 133-135, 170, 193, 201, 205, 208, 287, 392, 447, 453 See also emptiness, conventionality, and the Middle; truth(s) three good/virtuous qualities, 365, 367, 379, 381

three liberations, 137-141, 148, 210, 230, 395, 405, 426

See also emptiness, formlessness, and actionlessness

three matters. See body, breath, and mind three obstacles, 95, 206, 316, 380 See also affliction(s)/passionate afflictions; karma; karmic three poisons, 3, 103, 154, 216, 425 See also covetousness/greed, anger, and delusion/ignorance

three realms/triple realm, 3, 111, 143, 284, 343, 437, 450

of desire(s), 3, 4, 7-10, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23, 24, 27, 28, 51, 113, 124, 143, 154, 290, 291, 314-322, 325, 341-345, 356, 359, 360, 383, 418, 419, 436-438, 450

six heavenly, 222, 290

551

Index

three realms/triple realm (continued): form/of form(s), 3, 8-9, 12, 18, 21, 113, 222, 283, 291, 317, 325, 342, 343, 357, 389, 436-438, 450 formless/of formlessness, 3, 12-14, 18, 21, 113, 154, 222, 283, 291, 325, 343, 384, 389, 437, 438, 450 See also triple world

Three Treasures, 189, 225, 261, 268, 274, 276-278

See also Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha thusness, 89, 138, 379

See also suchness

Tiantai, xiii-xvi, xviii, 156, 300 three great texts of, xiii See also Mount Tiantai; Tendai Tiantai Zhiyi. See Zhiyi

transmigration, 86, 161, 190, 222, 266, 311, 388

See also birth and death; rebirth; samsara treasury/womb, of tathāgata(s)/Tathāgata, 38, 68, 79, 176, 393, 394, 448 Treatise in a Hundred Verses, 109, 403 Treatise on the Establishment of the World, 304

Treatise on the Real, 4-5, 7, 15, 29, 32-33, 37, 62-63, 216, 273, 282, 286, 287, 305, 307, 314, 315, 322, 333, 343, 344, 346, 403, 434, 436, 449 Treatise on the Ten Stages, 111, 176, 178, 181, 182, 192, 197, 434

Treatise on the Treasured Nature of the Single Vehicle, 105

Treatise on Twelve Subjects, 367, 378 tree(s), 43, 64, 80, 85, 87, 126, 189, 198, 227, 230, 231, 240, 348, 351, 356, 377, 379, 429, 430, 433, 449 āmra (mango), 199

banana, 333, 364

śāla, 128-129, 131, 141-142, 206, 453 sandalwood, 89

552

seven-jeweled, 374

See also bodhi tree; forest(s) Tripiṭaka, 30, 342, 413

Tripiṭaka Teachings, xv, xviii, 5, 15-16, 25, 26, 28-31, 33, 34, 36-38, 65, 71, 72, 75, 93, 102, 106, 115, 122-124, 138, 141, 146, 148, 149, 151, 153, 155, 166-167, 174, 181, 182, 184, 186, 232, 234, 235, 264, 266, 300, 347, 363, 364, 374-377, 380, 390, 403-405, 409, 411, 412, 415, 416, 424, 428-430, 433, 444, 445, 447, 449, 450

See also Fourfold Teachings triple world, 3, 15-17, 29, 51, 58, 111-113, 163, 172, 189, 192, 196, 203, 223, 231, 290, 325, 419, 427, 451 See also three realms/triple realm truth(s), xviii, 50, 58, 65, 69, 88, 97, 113, 122, 123, 125, 135, 138, 140, 164, 172-174, 177, 179, 180, 186, 190, 193, 210, 231-234, 262, 264, 281, 283, 286, 307, 309, 311, 360, 362, 370, 377, 390, 393, 395, 397, 407, 410, 414, 426, 428, 437, 441-442, 444 of emptiness, 6, 10, 11, 42, 76, 77, 83, 88, 89, 113, 193, 217, 228, 231, 264, 282, 285, 395, 448

mundane/worldly, 25, 26, 71, 75, 76, 89, 98, 285, 331-333, 362, 389, 394 of non-selfhood/no-self, 164, 264, 439 one/single, 131, 186, 435 real, 32-33, 56, 62-63, 71, 75, 76, 81, 113, 139, 185, 280, 285, 331-333, 362, 363, 393-395

principle of, 75-76, 153, 184, 203, 266, 295, 299, 300, 306, 309, 370, 392, 403, 409, 416, 418, 422, 437, 441, 453

supreme/of supreme meaning, 81, 90, 109, 145, 394

of transience/transiency, 160, 161, 163, 164, 250, 264, 408

See also Four Noble Truths; threefold/ three truth(s); two truths two extremes, 36, 78, 80, 86, 93, 99, 129, 131, 135, 137, 144, 147, 156, 171, 224, 229, 230, 237, 284, 394 See also annihilationism, and eternalism; view(s), extreme two truths, 71, 74, 75-77, 83, 97, 102, 186, 265, 362

U

Udraka, 389

Ulūka, 400-401, 407, 417, 431 upāsaka, 267

Upāsakaśīla Sutra, 277

V

Vaibhāṣika school, 402

Vaipulya, 140, 141, 272, 276, 372, 375, 402, 404, 408, 414

See also Mahayana

Vairocana, 41, 375, 376

Vaiśālī, 239

Vaiśeṣika philosophy/school, 400, 407 vajra, 97, 382

See also samādhi(s), vajra Vasubandhu, 34, 89, 99, 185 Vasumitrā, 226

Vatsīputra, 402, 404, 408, 412, 414, 417 Vedas, 404, 412-414, 416, 417, 422, 423, 426, 427, 432

vehicle(s), 202-204, 378, 451 inferior/limited, 34, 203 jeweled, 206, 231, 382

three, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 37, 64, 189-191, 285, 375, 450, 451 two, xvi, 24-27, 33, 42-44, 49, 50, 52, 59, 66, 67, 70, 75, 85, 108, 111-113, 123, 128-130, 137, 139, 140, 164, 172, 176, 179, 182, 184, 185, 193, Index

195, 199, 208, 217, 219, 223, 230, 233, 234, 266, 267, 284, 294, 299, 303, 306, 308, 339, 365, 367, 380, 381, 393, 396, 433, 434, 447, 454 See also Great Vehicle; One Vehicle Victorious in Penetrating Knowledge, 389

Vietnam, xiii

view(s), xvi, 19, 29, 31, 37, 46-49, 58, 83, 115, 203, 397, 398, 404-418, 421, 422, 425-427, 431-435, 437, 445, 450, 452

correct/right, 58, 134, 137, 157, 409, 421, 429-431

deluded, 113, 441

deviant/perverse/perverted/warped, 30, 46, 115, 128-131, 156, 157, 159-162, 204, 215, 230, 261, 263, 264, 283, 284, 394, 400, 407, 414-417, 424, 425, 428, 429, 431, 434, 438-441, 443-444

four, 157, 162, 290-291, 445, 447 of emptiness, 147, 203, 409, 420-424, 435-454

extreme, 29, 31-33, 131, 147, 215, 295, 436, 438, 440, 442

heretical, 426, 432, 433 mistaken, xvi, xvii, 4, 5, 8, 12, 17-22, 24-26, 28-31, 33, 35, 36, 38, 40, 41, 46-52, 55, 57, 58, 60, 64, 66, 67, 73, 75, 77, 78, 81, 83, 85, 95, 96, 98, 101, 102, 111, 112, 114-116, 120, 130, 131, 133, 187, 199, 205, 215-217, 229, 231, 232, 265, 302, 308, 314, 330, 336, 339, 367, 369, 370, 380, 397-402, 404, 405, 407, 409-417, 420-438, 440-447, 449-453 sixty-two, 49, 83, 203, 442, 445, 446, 451

one-sided, xvii, 37, 394, 398, 403 Vimalakīrti, 81, 239, 267-268, 270, 299, 434

553

Index

Vimalakīrti Sutra, 28, 34, 40, 42, 44, 45, 81, 93, 99, 123, 124, 136, 150, 164, 183, 209, 210, 223, 231, 265, 267, 269, 271, 299, 365, 366, 388, 401, 403, 404, 451

Vinaya, 150, 275, 325

Vipaśyin, 34

Viṣṇu, 423

Vivādabala, 415

vow(s), 44, 46, 56, 65, 66, 80, 106, 138, 139, 149, 150, 190, 192-193, 196, 202, 205, 210, 228, 260, 264, 335, 352, 393, 445, 448, 453, 454 bodhisattva, 43, 151, 153, 157, 193, 268, 445, 447

of compassion, 28, 54, 300, 368 evil, 297

great, 44, 52, 60, 148, 150-152, 154, 157, 228, 453

original, 43, 45, 50, 80, 135, 165 perfection of, 145

universal, 43, 61, 78, 80, 445 See also Four Universal Vows W

Way, the, 419

Wei River, 431

Wen, Master, 250

wisdom(s), xv, xx, 1, 5, 8, 14, 16, 18, 20, 21, 23-27, 29-31, 35, 36, 38, 42, 44, 53, 55, 58, 59, 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 75, 80-85, 88-90, 97, 98, 101, 105-110, 112, 122, 128, 131-134, 137, 139, 141, 144, 161-163, 168, 169, 172, 174, 176-179, 181, 182, 184, 185, 191, 196, 198, 205, 210, 217, 220, 223, 237, 270, 281, 282, 289, 296, 302-304, 307-309, 318, 319, 324, 334, 335, 342, 343, 346, 349, 351, 352, 359, 360, 362, 364, 365, 367, 370, 373, 374, 377, 379-381, 392, 554

395, 399, 404-406, 411-416, 425, 433, 442, 447, 449

body of, 176, 200, 382

of buddha(s)/Buddha/Tathāgata, 78, 80-84, 88, 92, 172, 186, 189, 193, 364

of contemplation/contemplative, 11, 35, 36, 114, 134, 138, 139, 310, 326-330, 342, 359

of emptiness/that all is empty, 22, 30, 35, 75, 83, 84, 106, 110, 114, 116, 117, 131, 132, 138, 171, 182, 217, 237, 238, 248, 264, 364, 449 eye, 76, 80, 171, 189, 190, 208, 229 great/higher/superior/supreme, 27, 30, 63, 109, 193, 201, 228, 239, 289, 364, 365, 383

inferior/limited/small, 30, 109, 363, 432, 433

of the Middle/Middle Path, 83, 84, 87, 88, 94, 120, 131, 217, 224, 228, 237, 238

obstacle(s), 83, 85-88, 96, 98, 107-109, 227 parched, stage of, 16, 17, 20-23, 91 of the path, 18, 50, 52, 72, 131, 137, 145, 170, 229, 231, 236, 237, 266, 377

power of, 27, 134, 157, 170, 198, 289 pure/undefiled, 8, 14, 59, 83, 107, 335 root of, 46, 57, 133, 157 sharp, 18, 44-46, 54, 63, 195, 299, 345 sublime, 99, 228

supranormal/transworldly, 14, 196, 414 ten, 56, 58-59, 164, 167, 169, 170, 177, 179, 182

three, 103, 131, 139, 170, 229 true, 6, 16, 72, 263, 407, 448 universal, 42, 80, 101, 131, 145, 171, 172, 194, 229, 236, 237, 404, 415, 454

Index

unobstructed, 12, 179 worldly, 8, 14, 27, 54, 58, 71, 72, 75, 83, 143, 215, 228, 334, 335, 389, 407, 427, 447 See also all-wisdom; perfection(s), six, of prajñā-wisdom/wisdom; prajñā/ prajñā-wisdom wish-fulfilling jewel, 152, 265 woman/women, 5, 226, 247, 292, 326, 337

See also female body/form Words and Phrases of the Lotus Sutra, xiii, xiv

See also Tiantai, three great texts of Wujin. See Huisi Wu Mingche, 252 X

Xiongzi, 388

Y

yakṣa, 297

Yama, 360

Yanyuan, 62

Ye, 197

Yellow Emperor, 419 Yellow Head. See Kapila yin and yang, 54, 251, 417 Z

Zen, xiii

Zhiyi, xiii-xv, xvii-xix, xxi, 1, 260, 268 Zhizang, 76, 99, 260 Zhou dynasty, 225 Zhou, Duke of, 54, 61 Zhou Honzheng, 417 Zhuangzi, 413, 417-418, 419-420 Zhuangzi (text), 419 555