1.1. Treatise on Knowledge (PS1.1)

LVI–LIX. The Actualities

564. How is it that understanding of the meaning of full understanding is knowledge of suffering, that understanding of the meaning of abandoning is knowledge of origin, that understanding of the meaning of realizing is knowledge of cessation, that understanding of the meaning of developing is knowledge of the path?

565. Suffering has the meaning of oppressing, meaning of being formed, meaning of burning up, meaning of change, as its meaning of full understanding. Origin has the meaning of accumulating, meaning of source, meaning of bondage, meaning of impediment, as its meaning of abandoning. Cessation has the meaning of escape, meaning of seclusion, meaning of not being formed, meaning of deathlessness, as its meaning of realizing. The path has the meaning of outlet, meaning of cause, meaning of seeing, meaning of predominance, as its meaning of developing.

566. Knowledge is in the sense of that being known and understanding is in the sense of the act of understanding that. Hence it was said: “Understanding of the meaning of full understanding is knowledge of suffering, understanding of the meaning of abandoning is knowledge of origin, understanding of the meaning of realizing is knowledge of the meaning of cessation, understanding of the meaning of developing is knowledge of the path”.

LX–LXIII. Knowledge of the Actualities

567. How is there knowledge of suffering, knowledge of the origin of suffering, knowledge of the cessation of suffering, knowledge of the way leading to the cessation of suffering?

568. Knowledge in one who possesses the path is knowledge of suffering and it is knowledge of the origin of suffering and it is knowledge of the cessation of suffering and it is knowledge of the way leading to the cessation of suffering.

Herein, what is knowledge of suffering?

Any understanding, act-of-understanding, investigation, reinvestigation, investigation-of-ideas, noting, noticing, taking notice, learning, skill, cleverness, estimation, ratiocination, scrutiny, over-all-ness, good-sense, piloting, insight, full-awareness, spur, understanding, understanding as faculty, understanding as power, understanding as weapon, understanding as stronghold, understanding as light, understanding as illumination, understanding as lighting up, understanding as treasure, non-delusion, investigation of ideas, right view, that arises contingent upon suffering: this is called knowledge of suffering.

Any understanding, … right view, that arises contingent upon the origin of suffering: …

Any understanding, … right view, that arises contingent upon cessation of suffering: …

Any understanding, … right view, that arises contingent upon the way leading to the cessation of suffering: this is called knowledge of the way leading to the cessation of suffering.

569. Knowledge is in the sense of that being known and understanding is in the sense of the act of understanding that. Hence it was said: “Knowledge of suffering, knowledge of the origin of suffering, knowledge of the cessation of suffering, knowledge of the way leading to the cessation of suffering”.

LXIV–LXVII. The Discriminations

570. How is there knowledge of discrimination of meaning, knowledge of discrimination of ideas, knowledge of discrimination of language, knowledge of discrimination of perspicuity?

571. The discrimination of meaning is knowledge of meanings, the discrimination of ideas is knowledge of ideas, the discrimination of language is knowledge of sorts of language, the discrimination of perspicuity is knowledge of sorts of perspicuity.

Understanding of differences in meaning is knowledge of discrimination of meaning. Understanding of differences in idea is knowledge of discrimination of ideas. Understanding of differences in language is knowledge of discrimination of language. Understanding of differences in perspicuity is knowledge of discrimination of perspicuity.

Understanding of definition of meanings is knowledge of discrimination of meaning …

Understanding of noting meanings is knowledge of discrimination of meaning …

Understanding of noticing meanings is knowledge of discrimination of meaning …

Understanding of the categories of meanings is knowledge of discrimination of meaning …

Understanding of the evocation of meanings is knowledge of discrimination of meaning …

Understanding of the lighting up of meanings is knowledge of discrimination of meaning …

Understanding of making meanings shine forth is knowledge of discrimination of meaning …

Understanding of explaining meanings is knowledge of discrimination of meaning …

Understanding of explaining perspicuity is discrimination of perspicuity.

572. Knowledge is in the sense of that being known and understanding is in the sense of the act of understanding that. Hence it was said: “Knowledge of discrimination of meaning, knowledge of discrimination of ideas, knowledge of discrimination of language, knowledge of discrimination of perspicuity”.

[Knowledge Not Shared By Disciples]

LXVIII. Penetration of Others' Faculties

573. What is the Perfect One's knowledge of penetration of others' faculties?

574. Here the Perfect One (tathāgata) sees beings as with little dust on their eyes, as with much dust on their eyes, as with keen faculties, as with dull faculties, as of good parts, as of bad parts, as easy to instruct, as hard to instruct, and also some who see fear in the other world and in what is censurable, and also some who see no fear in the other world and in what is censurable.

575. With little dust on their eyes, with much dust on their eyes:

A person with faith has little dust on his eyes; a person without faith has much dust on his eyes. An energetic person has little dust on his eyes; an idle person has much dust on his eyes. A person with established mindfulness has little dust on his eyes; a forgetful person has much dust on his eyes. A concentrated person has little dust on his eyes; an unconcentrated person has much dust on his eyes. A person with understanding has little dust on his eyes; a person without understanding has much dust on his eyes.

576. With keen faculties, with dull faculties:

A person with faith has keen faculties; a person without faith has dull faculties … [and so on with rest of the five faculties].

577. Of good parts, of bad parts:

A person with faith is one of good parts; a person without faith is one of bad parts …

578. Easy to instruct, hard to instruct:

A person with faith is easy to instruct; a person without faith is hard to instruct …

579. Also some who see fear in the other world and in what is censurable and also some who see no fear in the other world and in what is censurable:

A person with faith sees fear in the other world and in what is censurable; a person without faith sees no fear in the other world and in what is censurable … a person without understanding sees no fear in the other world and in what is censurable.

580. World:

World of aggregates, world of principles, world of bases, world of misfortune, world productive of misfortune, world of good fortune, world productive of good fortune.

One world: All beings subsist by nutriment.

Two worlds: Mentality and materiality.

Three worlds: Three kinds of feeling.

Four worlds: Four kinds of nutriment.

Five worlds: Five aggregates as objects of clinging.

Six worlds: Six internal bases.

Seven worlds: Seven stations of consciousness.

Eight worlds: Eight worldly ideas.

Nine worlds: Nine abodes of beings.

Ten worlds: Ten bases [excluding mind and ideas].

Twelve worlds: Twelve bases.

Eighteen worlds: Eighteen principles.

581. What is censurable:

All defilements are censurable, all misconduct … all volitional formations … all actions that lead to being are censurable.

582. So sharp perception of terror of the world as just described, for the censurable as just described, is established, as it were of a murderer with poised weapon.

583. He knows and sees and recognizes and penetrates these five faculties in these fifty aspects.

This is the Perfect One's knowledge of penetration of others' faculties.

LXIX. Biasses and Underlying Tendencies

584. What is the Perfect One's knowledge of beings' biasses and underlying tendencies?

585. Here the Perfect One knows beings' biasses, he knows their underlying tendencies, he knows their behaviour, he knows their resolutions, he knows beings as capable and incapable.

586. What is beings' bias?

Beings are either supported by some such view of being or supported by some such view of non-being as this: “The world is eternal” or “The world is not eternal” or “The world is finite” or “The world is infinite” or “The soul and the body are the same” or “The soul is one, the body another” or “A Perfect One is after death” or “A Perfect One is not after death” or “A Perfect One both is and is not after death” or “A Perfect One neither is nor is not after death”. Or else, avoiding both these extremes, they either choose in conformity [with supramundane knowledge] with respect to ideas dependently arisen through specific conditionality or they acquire correct knowledge.

He also knows them as pursuing sensual-desires thus: “This person gives importance to sensual desires, is biassed towards sensual desires, is resolute upon sensual desires”. He also knows them as pursuing renunciation thus: “This person gives importance to renunciation, is biassed towards renunciation, is resolute upon renunciation”. He also knows them as pursuing ill-will thus: “This person gives importance to ill-will, is biassed towards ill-will, is resolute upon ill-will”. He also knows them as pursuing non-ill-will thus: “This person gives importance to non-ill-will, is biassed towards non-ill-will, is resolute upon non-ill-will”. He also knows them as pursuing stiffness-and-torpor thus: “This person gives importance to stiffness-and-torpor, is biassed towards stiffness-and-torpor, is resolute upon stiffness-and-torpor”. He also knows them as pursuing perception of light thus: “This person gives importance to perception of light, is biassed towards perception of light, is resolute upon perception of light”.

This is beings' bias.

587. What is beings' underlying tendency?

There are seven underlying tendencies: Underlying tendency to greed for sensual-desire, underlying tendency to resistance, underlying tendency to conceit (pride), underlying tendency to [wrong] view, underlying tendency to uncertainty, underlying tendency to greed for being, underlying tendency to ignorance.

Wherever in the world there is anything lovable and likable, there the underlying tendency to greed for sensual-desire underlies. Wherever in the world there is anything unlovable and unlikable, there the underlying tendency to resistance underlies. So upon these two ideas ignorance grows, and the conceit (pride), and [wrong] view and uncertainty may be regarded as coefficient with that.

This is beings' underlying tendency.

588. What is beings' behaviour?

Volitional-formation of merit, volitional-formation of demerit, and imperturbable volitional-formation—either with minor result or major result.

This is beings' behaviour.

589. What is beings' resolution?

There are beings resolute upon what is inferior, and there are beings resolute upon what is superior. Beings resolute upon what is inferior cultivate, frequent and welcome those resolute upon what is inferior. Beings resolute upon what is superior cultivate, frequent and welcome those resolute upon what is superior. Also in the past beings resolute upon what is inferior cultivated, frequented and welcomed those resolute upon what is inferior, and beings resolute upon what is superior cultivated, frequented and welcomed those resolute upon what is superior. Also in the future beings resolute upon what is inferior will cultivate, frequent and welcome those resolute upon what is inferior, and beings resolute upon what is superior will cultivate, frequent and welcome those resolute upon what is superior.

This is beings' resolution.

590. What are incapable beings?

Any beings that are possessed of obstruction by action, possessed of obstruction by defilement, possessed of obstruction by action-result, without faith, without zeal, without understanding, and incapable of lighting upon the certainty of rightness in profitable ideas—these are incapable beings.

591. What are capable beings?

Any beings that are not possessed of obstruction by action, not possessed of obstruction by defilement, not possessed of obstruction by action-result, have faith, have zeal, have understanding, and are capable of alighting upon the certainty of rightness in profitable ideas—these are capable beings.

This is the Perfect One's knowledge of beings' biasses and underlying tendencies.

LXX. The Twin Metamorphosis (Marvel)

592. What is the Perfect One's knowledge of the Twin Metamorphosis (Marvel)?

593. Here the Perfect One performs the Twin Metamorphosis (Marvel), which is not shared by disciples.

594. He produces a mass of fire from the upper part of his body and a shower of water from the lower part of his body: he produces a mass of fire from the lower part of his body and a shower of water from the upper part of his body.

He produces a mass of fire from the east side of his body and a shower of water from the west side of his body: he produces a mass of fire from the west side of his body and a shower of water from the east side of his body.

… from the right eye … left eye …

… from the left eye … right eye …

… from the right ear … left ear …

… from the right nostril … left nostril …

… from the right shoulder … left shoulder …

… from the right hand … left hand …

… from the right flank … left flank …

… from the right foot … left foot …

… from each finger and toe …

… each space between the fingers and toes …

He produces a mass of fire from each hair and a shower of water from each hair: he produces a mass of fire from each hair's pore and a shower of water from each hair's pore.

595. Amid the six colours of blue and yellow and red and white and pink and transparent the Blessed One walks while his created image stands or sits or lies down, the Blessed One stands while his created image walks or sits or lies down, the Blessed One sits while his created image walks or stands or lies down, the Blessed One lies down while his created image walks or stands or sits, the created image walks while the Blessed One stands or sits or lies down, the created image stands while the Blessed One walks or sits or lies down, the created image sits while the Blessed One walks or stands or lies down, the created image lies down while the Blessed One walks or stands or sits.

This is the Perfect One's knowledge of the Twin Metamorphosis (Marvel).

LXXI. The Great Compassion

596. What is the Perfect One's knowledge of the attainment of the Great Compassion?

597. Upon the Enlightened Ones, the Blessed Ones, who see in many aspects, there descends the Great Compassion for beings.

Upon the Enlightened Ones, the Blessed Ones, who see thus “Worldly life is burning” there descends the Great Compassion for beings.

Upon the Enlightened Ones, the Blessed Ones, who see thus

… “Worldly life drives on” …

… “Worldly life moves on” …

… “Worldly life is on the wrong road” …

… “The world has no lastingness and is led on” …

… “The world has no shelter and no protector” …

… “The world has nothing of its own, it has to leave all and pass on” …

… “The world is incomplete, insatiate, and the slave of craving” …

… “Worldly life is without shelter” …

… “Worldly life is without shield” …

… “Worldly life is without refuge” …

… “Worldly life is no refuge” …

… “The world is agitated and uncalm” …

… “Worldly life is wounded by darts, pierced by many darts; there is none other than myself to draw out the darts” …

… “Worldly life is darkened by a shadow of unknowing, with a locked dungeon of defilement; there is none other but myself to show the light” …

… “Worldly life goes in ignorance, it is blind, it is enclosed in an egg [of ignorance], is a tangled skein, a knotted ball [of thread], a matted web of tares, is not exempt from the round of rebirth in states of deprivation, unhappy destinations and perdition” …

… “Worldly life is infected by the corruption of the poison of ignorance, is a mire of defilement” …

… “Worldly life is a maze of greed, hate and delusion; there is none other than myself to unmake the maze” …

… “Worldly life is involved in a web of craving” …

… “Worldly life is enveloped in the net of craving” …

… “Worldly life is carried away by the stream of craving” …

… “Worldly life is fettered by the fetter of craving” …

… “Worldly life is underlain by the underlying tendency to craving” …

… “Worldly life is tormented by the torment of craving” …

… “Worldly life is anguished with the anguish of craving” …

… “Worldly life is involved in the web of views” …

… “Worldly life is enveloped in the net of views” …

… “Worldly life is carried away by the stream of views” …

… “Worldly life is fettered by the fetter of views” …

… “Worldly life is underlain by the underlying tendency to views” …

… “Worldly life is tormented by the torment of views” …

… “Worldly life is anguished with the anguish of views” …

… “Worldly life is committed by birth” …

… “Worldly life is underlain by ageing” …

… “Worldly life is haunted by affliction” …

… “Worldly life is struck down by death” …

… “Worldly life is based on suffering” …

… “Worldly life is caught up by craving” …

… “Worldly life is hemmed in by the wall of ageing” …

… “Worldly life is hemmed in by the snare of death” …

… “Worldly life is bound by great bonds: by the bond of greed, by the bond of hate, by the bond of delusion, by the bond of conceit (pride), by the bond of views, by the bond of defilement, by the bond of misconduct. There is none other than myself to free it from the bonds” …

… “Worldly life has entered a great crowded tunnel; there is none other than myself to show the wide open space” …

… “Worldly life is impeded by a great impediment; there is none other than myself to sever its impediment” …

… “Worldly life has fallen into a great chasm; there is none other than myself to lift it out of the chasm” …

… “Worldly life has entered a great wilderness, there is none other than myself to get it across the wilderness” …

… “Worldly life has entered upon a great roundabout; there is none other than myself to free it from the roundabout” …

… “Worldly life is blocked up in a great ravine; there is none other than myself to lift it out of the ravine” …

… “Worldly life founders in a great slough, there is none other than myself to lift it out of the slough” …

… “Worldly life is vulnerable” …

… “Worldly life is burning with the fire of greed, the fire of hate, the fire of delusion, the fires of birth, ageing and death, sorrow and lamentation, pain, grief and despair; there is none other than myself to extinguish the fires” …

… “Worldly life, like one led off [to execution] is punished with never any shelter, like a malefactor whose sentence is carried out upon him” …

… “Worldly life is bound together by vile things and is founded upon hurtfulness; there is none other than myself to free it” …

… “Worldly life has no helper and has reached a state of utter wretchedness; there is none other than myself to shield it” …

… “Worldly life is overwhelmed by suffering, and has long been oppressed by it” …

… “Worldly life is ever hungry, ever thirsty” …

… “Worldly life is blind and sightless” …

… “Worldly life has lost its leader and has no guide” …

… “Worldly life has got lost on the wrong way and missed the straight road; there is none other than myself to lead it to the noble way” …

… “Worldly life has gone adrift on the great flood; there is none other than myself to rescue it from the flood” …

… “Worldly life is obsessed by two kinds of views” …

… “Worldly life goes wrong with three kinds of misconduct” …

… “Worldly life is yoked by four yokes” …

… “Worldly life is knotted with four knots” …

… “Worldly life clings with four kinds of clinging” …

… “Worldly life has embarked upon five destinations” …

… “Worldly life is dyed with greed for the five dimensions of sensual-desire” …

… “Worldly life is blocked by five hindrances” …

… “Worldly life is disputed with six roots of dispute” …

… “Worldly life is dyed with greed by six classes of craving” …

… “Worldly life is obsessed by six kinds of view” …

… “Worldly life is underlain by seven underlying tendencies” …

… “Worldly life is fettered by seven fetters” …

… “Worldly life is proud with seven conceits” …

… “Worldly life is attended by eight worldly ideas” …

… “Worldly life is fixed by eight wrongnesses” …

… “Worldly life is corrupted by eight corruptions of man” …

… “Worldly life is annoyed by the nine grounds for annoyance” …

… “Worldly life is haughty by means of the ninefold conceit (pride)” …

… “Worldly life is dyed with greed by means of the nine ideas rooted in craving” …

… “Worldly life is defiled by the ten grounds for defilement” …

… “Worldly life is annoyed by the ten grounds for annoyance” …

… “Worldly life is possessed of the ten wrong courses of action” …

… “Worldly life is fettered by ten fetters” …

… “Worldly life is fixed in ten wrongnesses” …

… “Worldly life is possessed of the ten-based wrong view” …

… “Worldly life is possessed of the ten-based view assuming finiteness” …

… “Worldly life is diversified by the one hundred and eight varieties of diversification by craving” …

Upon the Enlightened Ones, the Blessed Ones, who see thus “Worldly life is obsessed by sixty-two classes of view”, there descends the Great Compassion for beings.

Upon the Enlightened Ones, the Blessed Ones, who see thus “I have crossed over and the world has not crossed over, I am liberated and the world is not liberated; I am controlled and the world is uncontrolled; I am at peace and the world is not at peace; I am comforted and the world is comfortless; I am extinguished and the world is unextinguished; I, having crossed over, can bring across; I, being liberated, can liberate; I, being controlled, can teach control; I, being at peace, can pacify; I, being comforted, can comfort; I, being extinguished, can teach extinguishment”, there descends the Great Compassion. This is the Perfect One's knowledge of the attainment of the Great Compassion.

LXXII–LXXIII. Omniscient and Unobstructed Knowledge

598. What is the Perfect One's omniscient knowledge?

599. It knows without exception all that is formed and unformed, thus it is omniscient knowledge: it is without obstruction there, thus it is unobstructed knowledge.

All that is past it knows, thus it is omniscient knowledge: it is without obstruction there, thus it is unobstructed knowledge.

All that is future it knows, …

All that is presently-arisen it knows, …

Eye and visible objects: all that it knows, …

Ear and sounds: all that it knows, …

Nose and odours: all that it knows, …

Tongue and flavours: all that it knows, …

Body and tangible objects: all that it knows, …

Mind and ideas: all that it knows, …

600. The extent of the meaning of impermanence, the meaning of pain, the meaning of not self: all that it knows, thus it is omniscient knowledge: it is without obstruction there, thus it is unobstructed knowledge.

The extent of materiality's meaning of impermanence, meaning of pain, meaning of not self: all that it knows, … [and so on with the rest of the 201 ideas listed in § 5 up to] … The extent of ageing-and-death's meaning of impermanence, meaning of pain, meaning of not self: all that it knows, …

601. The extent of the meaning of direct knowledge in direct knowledge: all that it knows, …

The extent of the meaning of full understanding in full understanding: all that it knows, …

The extent of the meaning of abandoning in abandoning: all that it knows, …

The extent of the meaning of developing in developing: all that it knows, …

The extent of the meaning of realizing in realizing: all that it knows, …

The extent of the meaning of aggregate in the aggregates: all that it knows, …

The extent of the meaning of principle in the principles: all that it knows, …

The extent of the meaning of base in the bases: all that it knows, …

The extent of the meaning of formed in what is formed: all that it knows, …

The extent of the meaning of unformed in the unformed: all that it knows, …

602. To the extent that ideas are profitable: all that it knows, …

To the extent that ideas are unprofitable: …

To the extent that ideas are indeterminate: …

To the extent that ideas are of the sensual-desire sphere: …

To the extent that ideas are of the material sphere: …

To the extent that ideas are of the immaterial sphere: …

To the extent that ideas are unincluded: all that it knows, …

603. To the extent of the meaning of suffering in suffering: all that it knows, …

To the extent of the meaning of origin in origin: …

To the extent of the meaning of cessation in cessation: …

To the extent of the meaning of path in the path: all that it knows, …

604. To the extent of the meaning of discrimination of meaning in the discrimination of meaning: all that it knows, …

To the extent of the meaning of discrimination of ideas in the discrimination of ideas: all that it knows, …

To the extent of the meaning of discrimination of language in the discrimination of language: all that it knows, …

To the extent of the meaning of discrimination of perspicuity in the discrimination of perspicuity: all that it knows, …

605. To the extent of knowledge of penetration of others' faculties: all that it knows, …

To the extent of knowledge of beings' biasses and underlying tendencies: all that it knows, …

To the extent of knowledge of the Twin Metamorphosis: all that it knows, …

To the extent of knowledge of the attainment of the Great Compassion: all that it knows, thus it is omniscient knowledge: it is without obstruction there, thus it is unobstructed knowledge.

606. To the extent of what is seen, heard, sensed, cognized, encountered, sought, considered by the mind, in the world with its deities, its Māras and its Brahmā Gods, in this generation with its ascetics and brahmans, with its princes and men: all that it knows, thus it is omniscient knowledge: it is without obstruction there, thus it is unobstructed knowledge.

607. Here in this world is naught unseen by him,
Naught uncognized, and naught unknowable;
He has experienced all that can be known:
Therefore the Perfect One is called All-seer.

608. All-seer. In what sense All-seer?

There are fourteen kinds of an Enlightened One's knowledge:

Knowledge of suffering is an Enlightened One's knowledge.

Knowledge of the origin of suffering …

Knowledge of the cessation of suffering …

Knowledge of the way leading to the cessation of suffering …

Knowledge of the discrimination of meanings …

Knowledge of the discrimination of ideas …

Knowledge of the discrimination of language …

Knowledge of the discrimination of perspicuity …

Knowledge of the penetration of others' faculties …

Knowledge of beings' biasses and underlying tendencies …

Knowledge of the Twin Metamorphosis …

Knowledge of the attainment of the Great Compassion …

Omniscient knowledge is an Enlightened One's knowledge.

Unobstructed knowledge is an Enlightened One's knowledge.

These are the fourteen kinds of an Enlightened One's knowledge. Of these fourteen kinds of an Enlightened One's knowledge, eight are shared by disciples and six are not shared by disciples.

609. To the extent of the meaning of suffering in suffering all is known, there is no meaning of suffering unknown, thus it is omniscient knowledge: it is without obstruction there, thus it is unobstructed knowledge.

To the extent of the meaning of suffering in suffering all is seen, all is recognized, all is realized, all is sounded by understanding, there is no meaning of suffering unsounded by understanding, thus it is omniscient knowledge: it is without obstruction there, thus it is unobstructed knowledge.

To the extent of the meaning of origin in origin … [and so on with each of the rest of the four actualities.]

610. To the extent of the meaning of discrimination-of-meanings in the discrimination-of-meanings … [and so on with the rest of the four discriminations up to] …

To the extent of the meaning of discrimination-of-perspicuity in the discrimination-of-perspicuity all is known, there is no meaning of discrimination-of-perspicuity unknown, thus it is omniscient knowledge: it is without obstruction there, thus it is unobstructed knowledge.

To the extent of the meaning of discrimination of perspicuity in the discrimination-of-perspicuity all is seen, all is recognized, all is realized, all is sounded by understanding, there is no meaning of discrimination-of-perspicuity unsounded by understanding, thus it is omniscient knowledge: it is without obstruction there, thus it is unobstructed knowledge.

611. To the extent of knowledge of others' faculties …

To the extent of knowledge of beings' biasses and underlying tendencies …

To the extent of knowledge of the Twin Metamorphosis …

To the extent of knowledge of the attainment of the Great Compassion …

To the extent of what is seen, heard, sensed, cognized, encountered, sought, considered by the mind, in the world with its deities, its Māras and its Brahmā Gods, in this generation with its ascetics and brahmans, with its princes and men, all is known, all is seen, … omniscient knowledge: it is without obstruction there, thus it is unobstructed knowledge.

612. Here in this world is naught unseen by him,
Naught uncognized, and naught unknowable;
He has experienced all that can be known:
Therefore the Perfect One is called All-seer.

End of Treatise on Knowledge

Translated from the Pāḷi by Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli, 1982.

The errata were found by Roynon Collings and Ngan van Nguyen.

Published by The Pali Text Society, Oxford.

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Prepared in laTex by Manfred Wierich, proofread by Peter Jackson and prepared for SuttaCentral by Ven. Vimala.