Tam tạng Pāli · Tam tạng Pāli — bản tiếng Anh · Luật tạng › Cūḷavagga
The chapter on proper conduct (PLI-TV-KD18)
- Dịch giả
- brahmali
- Thông tin
- Mã SuttaCentral: PLI-TV-KD18
Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law
The Small Division
The chapter on proper conduct
1. Discussion of the proper conduct for newly-arrived monks
At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery.
At that time newly-arrived monks entered the monastery wearing sandals, holding sunshades, with their heads covered, with their robes on their heads; and they washed their feet with drinking water, did not bow down to the resident monks who were senior to them, and did not ask about dwellings.
A certain newly-arrived monk lifted the latch of an unoccupied dwelling, opened the door, and entered hastily.
A snake fell from above the door frame onto his shoulders.
Terrified, he screamed.
The monks came running
and asked him why he was screaming.
And he told them what had happened.
The monks of few desires complained and criticized them,
“How can the newly-arrived monks enter the monastery wearing sandals, holding sunshades, with their heads covered, with their robe on their head; and wash their feet with drinking water, not bow down to the resident monks who are senior to them, and not ask about dwellings?”
They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks:
“Is it true, monks, that the newly-arrived monks are acting like this?”
“It’s true, sir.”
The Buddha rebuked them …
“How can the newly-arrived monks act like this? This will affect people’s confidence …”
After rebuking them …
the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct for newly-arrived monks.
When a newly-arrived monk enters a monastery, he should remove his sandals, hold them low, knock them together, and carry them along; he should lower his sunshade, uncover his head, and put his robe over his shoulders; he should then enter the monastery carefully and without hurry.
As he enters the monastery,
he should look out for where the resident monks gather—1
whether in the assembly hall, under a roof cover, or at the foot of a tree—
and he should go there.
He should then put down his bowl and robe,
find a suitable seat, and sit down.
He should ask
which is the water for drinking and which the water for washing.
If he needs water to drink, he may take some and drink.
If he needs water to wash, he may take some and wash his feet.
When he washes his feet, he should pour the water with one hand and wash with the other.
He shouldn’t pour the water and wash his feet with the same hand.
He should ask for a sandal-wiping cloth, and then wipe them.
When he wipes his sandals, he should first wipe them with a dry cloth, then with a wet one.
He should wash the cloth and spread it out.2
If a resident monk is senior to him, the newly-arrived monk should bow down to him.
If a resident monk is junior, he should bow down to the newly-arrived monk.
The newly-arrived monk should ask which dwelling he may stay in
and whether it’s occupied or not. He should ask about where to go for alms and where not to go, about any families designated as “in training”, about the place for defecating and the place for urinating, about the water for drinking and the water for washing, about walking sticks, and about the Sangha’s agreements3
concerning the right time to enter and the right time to leave.
If the dwelling is unoccupied, he should knock on the door, wait for a moment, then lift the latch, open the door, and look inside while standing outside.
If the dwelling is dirty, and if the beds or benches are stacked on top of one another with furniture piled on top, he should clean it if he’s able.4
When he’s cleaning the dwelling, he should first take out the floor cover and put it aside.
He should take out the bed supports and put them aside.
He should take out the mattress and the pillow and put them aside.
He should take out the sitting mat and the sheet and put them aside.5
Holding the bed low, he should carefully take it out without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it aside.
Holding the bench low, he should carefully take it out without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it aside.
He should take out the spittoon and put it aside.
He should take out the leaning board and put it aside.
If the dwelling has cobwebs, he should first remove them from the ceiling cloth, and he should then wipe the windows and the corners of the room.
If the walls have been treated with red ocher and they’re moldy, he should moisten a cloth, wring it out, and wipe the walls.
If the floor has been treated with a black finish and it’s moldy, he should moisten a cloth, wring it out, and wipe the floor.
If the floor is untreated, he should sprinkle it with water and then sweep it,
trying to avoid stirring up dust.
He should look out for any trash and discard it.
He should sun the floor cover, clean it, beat it, bring it back inside, and put it back as before.
He should sun the bed supports, wipe them, bring them back inside, and put them back where they were.
He should sun the bed, clean it, and beat it. Holding it low, he should carefully bring it back inside without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it back as before.
He should sun the bench, clean it, and beat it. Holding it low, he should carefully bring it back inside without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it back as before.
He should sun the mattress and the pillow, clean them, beat them, bring them back inside, and put them back as before.
He should sun the sitting mat and the sheet, clean them, beat them, bring them back inside, and put them back as before.
He should sun the spittoon, wipe it, bring it back inside, and put it back where it was.
He should sun the leaning board, wipe it, bring it back inside, and put it back where it was.
He should put away the bowl and robe.
When putting away the bowl, he should hold the bowl in one hand, feel under the bed or the bench with the other, and then put it away.
He shouldn’t put the bowl away on the bare floor.
When putting away the robe, he should hold the robe in one hand, wipe the bamboo robe rack or the clothesline with the other, and then put it away by folding the robe over it, making the ends face the wall and the fold face out.
If dusty winds are blowing from the east, he should close the windows on the eastern side.
If dusty winds are blowing from the west, he should close the windows on the western side.
If dusty winds are blowing from the north, he should close the windows on the northern side.
If dusty winds are blowing from the south, he should close the windows on the southern side.
If the weather is cold, he should open the windows during the day and close them at night.
If the weather is hot, he should close the windows during the day and open them at night.
If the yard is dirty, he should sweep it.6
If the gatehouse is dirty, he should sweep it.7
If the assembly hall is dirty, he should sweep it.
If the water-boiling shed is dirty, he should sweep it.8
If the restroom is dirty, he should sweep it.
If there’s no water for drinking, he should get some.
If there’s no water for washing, he should get some.
If there’s no water in the restroom ablutions pot, he should fill it.
This is the proper conduct for newly-arrived monks.”
2. Discussion of the proper conduct for resident monks
At that time, when they saw newly-arrived monks, the resident monks did not prepare seats, or put out foot stools, foot scrapers, or water for washing the feet. They did not go out to meet them to receive their bowls and robes, or ask if they wanted water to drink. They did not bow down to newly-arrived monks who were senior to them or assign dwellings to them.
The monks of few desires complained and criticized them,
“How can the resident monks act like this?”
They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks:
“Is it true, monks, that the resident monks are acting like this?”
“It’s true, sir.” …
After rebuking them …
the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct for resident monks.
When a resident monk sees a newly-arrived monk who is senior to him, he should prepare a seat, and put out a foot stool, a foot scraper, and water for washing the feet. He should go out to meet him to receive his bowl and robe, and ask if he wants water to drink.
If he’s able, he should wipe his sandals,
first with a dry cloth and then with a wet one.
He should wash the cloth and spread it out.
If the newly-arrived monk is senior to him, the resident monk should bow down to him.
He should assign him a dwelling,
tell him where it is,
and inform him whether it’s occupied or not.
He should tell him where to go for alms
and where not to go,
and about any families designated as ‘in training’.
He should point out the place for defecating
and the place for urinating,
the water for drinking
and the water for washing,
and the walking sticks.
He should tell him about the Sangha’s agreements
concerning the right time to enter and the right time to leave.
If the newly-arrived monk is junior to him, the resident monk should remain seated
while telling him where to put his bowl and robe, and which seat to sit on.
He should point out the water for drinking
and the water for washing,
as well as a sandal-wiping cloth.
If the newly-arrived monk is junior to the resident monk, he should bow down to him.
The resident monk should tell him
which dwelling he may stay in
and whether it’s occupied or not.
He should tell him where to go for alms
and where not to go,
and about any families designated as ‘in training’.
He should point out the place for defecating
and the place for urinating,
the water for drinking
and the water for washing,
and the walking sticks.
He should tell him about the Sangha’s agreements
concerning the right time to enter and the right time to leave.
This is the proper conduct for resident monks.”
3. Discussion of the proper conduct for departing monks
At that time there were monks who departed without putting the wooden and ceramic goods in order, without closing the door and the windows, and without informing anyone.
The wooden and ceramic goods were lost
and the dwelling was unprotected.
The monks of few desires complained and criticized them,
“How can the departing monks act like this?”
They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks:
“Is it true, monks, that the departing monks are acting like this?”
“It’s true, sir.” …
After rebuking them …
the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct for departing monks.
Before a monk departs, he should put the wooden and ceramic goods in order, close the door and the windows, and inform someone.
If there are no monks, he should inform a novice monk;
if there are no novice monks, he should inform a monastery worker;
if there are no monastery workers, he should inform a lay follower.
If there are no monks, novice monks, monastery workers, or lay followers, he should place the bed on four rocks. He should then stack the beds and benches on top of one another, with the other furniture piled on top, and put away the wooden and ceramic goods. He should close the door and the windows, and then depart.
If rain enters the dwelling, he should cover it if he’s able, or he should make an effort
to have it covered.
If this works out, all is well.
If not, he should place the bed on four rocks in a dry spot. He should then stack the beds and benches on top of one another, with the other furniture piled on top, and put away the wooden and ceramic goods. He should close the door and the windows, and then depart.
If the whole dwelling is getting wet, he should carry the furniture to the village if he’s able, or he should make an effort
to have it carried to the village.
If this works out, all is well.
If not, he should place the bed on four rocks outside. He should then stack the beds and benches on top of one another, with the other furniture piled on top, and he should put away the wooden and ceramic goods. He should cover it all with grass and leaves and then depart,
thinking, ‘Hopefully the requisites will be okay.’
This is the proper conduct for departing monks.”
4. Discussion of the proper conduct in connection with the expression of appreciation
At that time there were monks who did not express their appreciation in the dining hall.9
People complained and criticized them,
“How can the Sakyan monastics not express their appreciation in the dining hall?”
The monks heard the complaints of those people
and they told the Buddha.
The Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“You should express your appreciation in the dining hall.”
The monks thought,
“Who should give the expression of appreciation?”
They told the Buddha.
He gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“The most senior monk should give the expression of appreciation in the dining hall.”
Soon afterwards a certain association was offering a meal to the Sangha.
Venerable Sāriputta was the most senior monk.
Because the Buddha had said the most senior monk should give the expression of appreciation,
the other monks left, leaving Sāriputta behind by himself.
After giving the expression of appreciation, he left by himself.
The Buddha saw him coming
and asked,
“Did the meal go well?”
“The meal went well, sir,
but the monks all left, leaving me behind by myself.”
Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“The four or five most senior monks should wait in the dining hall.”
On one occasion a senior monk who needed to defecate was waiting in the dining hall.
Being unable to hold out, he fainted and fell over.
They told the Buddha.
“When there’s something to be done, I allow you to go after informing the monk next to you.”
5. Discussion of the proper conduct in relation to dining halls
At that time the monks from the group of six walked to the dining hall shabbily dressed and improper in appearance. Taking a short cut, they walked in front of the senior monks. They sat down encroaching on the senior monks and blocked the junior monks from getting a seat. And they spread out their upper robes and sat on them in inhabited areas.10
The monks of few desires complained and criticized them,
“How can the monks from the group of six act like this?”
They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks:
“Is it true, monks, that the monks from the group of six are acting like this?”
“It’s true, sir.” …
After rebuking them …
the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct in relation to dining halls.
In a monastery where the time for departure gets announced, a monk should put on his sarong evenly all around, covering the navel and the knees. He should put on a belt. Putting the upper robes together, overlapping each other edge-to-edge, he should put them on and fasten the toggle. He should rinse his bowl, bring it along, and enter the village carefully and without hurry.11
He shouldn’t take a short cut and walk in front of the senior monks.
He should be well-covered while walking in inhabited areas;12
he should be well-restrained while walking in inhabited areas;13
he should lower his eyes while walking in inhabited areas;14
he shouldn’t lift his robe while walking in inhabited areas;15
he shouldn’t laugh loudly while walking in inhabited areas;16
he shouldn’t be noisy while walking in inhabited areas;17
he shouldn’t sway his body while walking in inhabited areas;18
he shouldn’t swing his arms while walking in inhabited areas;19
he shouldn’t sway his head while walking in inhabited areas;20
he shouldn’t have his hands on his hips while walking in inhabited areas;21
he shouldn’t cover his head while walking in inhabited areas;22
he shouldn’t move about while squatting on his heels in inhabited areas.23
He should be well-covered while sitting in inhabited areas;24
he should be well-restrained while sitting in inhabited areas;25
he should lower his eyes while sitting in inhabited areas;26
he shouldn’t lift his robe while sitting in inhabited areas;27
he shouldn’t laugh loudly while sitting in inhabited areas;28
he shouldn’t be noisy while sitting in inhabited areas;29
he shouldn’t sway his body while sitting in inhabited areas;30
he shouldn’t swing his arms while sitting in inhabited areas;31
he shouldn’t sway his head while sitting in inhabited areas;32
he shouldn’t have his hands on his hips while sitting in inhabited areas;33
he shouldn’t cover his head while sitting in inhabited areas;34
he shouldn’t clasp his knees while sitting in inhabited areas.35
He shouldn’t sit encroaching on the senior monks
or block the junior monks from getting a seat.
He shouldn’t spread out his upper robe and sit on it in inhabited areas.
When given water, he should receive it while holding his bowl with both hands.
Holding the bowl low, he should rinse it carefully without scratching it.
If there’s someone to receive the water, he should hold his bowl low and pour the water into the container,
trying to avoid splashing the person receiving the water, the monks sitting nearby, and his upper robe.
If there’s no one to receive the water, he should hold his bowl low and pour the water on the ground,
trying to avoid splashing the monks sitting nearby and his upper robe.
When given rice, he should receive it while holding his bowl with both hands, leaving room for the curry.
If there’s ghee, oil, or special curry, the senior monk should say,
‘Everyone gets an equal share.’
He should receive the almsfood respectfully;36
he should receive the almsfood with attention on the bowl;37
he should receive the almsfood with the right proportion of bean curry;38
he should receive an even level of almsfood.39
The senior monk shouldn’t start eating until everyone has received rice.
A monk should eat almsfood respectfully;40
he should eat almsfood with attention on the bowl;41
he should eat almsfood in order;42
he should eat almsfood with the right proportion of bean curry;43
he shouldn’t eat almsfood after making a heap;44
he shouldn’t cover his curries with rice because he wants more;45
when not sick, he shouldn’t request bean curry and rice for himself and then eat it;46
he shouldn’t look at another’s almsbowl finding fault;47
he shouldn’t make mouthfuls that are too large;48
he should make rounded mouthfuls;49
he shouldn’t open his mouth without bringing a mouthful to it;50
he shouldn’t put his whole hand in his mouth while eating;51
he shouldn’t speak with food in his mouth;52
he shouldn’t eat from a lifted ball of food;53
he shouldn’t eat breaking up mouthfuls;54
he shouldn’t eat stuffing his cheeks;55
he shouldn’t eat shaking his hand;56
he shouldn’t eat scattering rice;57
he shouldn’t eat sticking out his tongue;58
he shouldn’t make a chomping sound while eating;59
he shouldn’t slurp while eating;60
he shouldn’t lick his hand while eating;61
he shouldn’t lick his almsbowl while eating;62
he shouldn’t lick his lips while eating;63
he shouldn’t receive the drinking-water vessel with a hand soiled with food.64
The senior monk shouldn’t receive water for washing until all the monks are finished eating.
When given water, a monk should receive it while holding his bowl with both hands.
Holding the bowl low, he should rinse it carefully without scratching it.
If there’s someone to receive the water, he should hold his bowl low and pour the water into the container,
trying to avoid splashing the person receiving the water, the monks sitting nearby, and his upper robe.
If there’s no one to receive the water, he should hold his bowl low and pour the water on the ground,
trying to avoid splashing the monks sitting nearby and his upper robe.
He shouldn’t discard bowl-washing water containing rice in inhabited areas.65
When returning, the junior monks should go first and then the senior monks.
A monk should be well-covered while walking in inhabited areas;66
he should be well-restrained while walking in inhabited areas;67
he should lower his eyes while walking in inhabited areas;68
he shouldn’t lift his robe while walking in inhabited areas;69
he shouldn’t laugh loudly while walking in inhabited areas;70
he shouldn’t be noisy while walking in inhabited areas;71
he shouldn’t sway his body while walking in inhabited areas;72
he shouldn’t swing his arms while walking in inhabited areas;73
he shouldn’t sway his head while walking in inhabited areas;74
he shouldn’t have his hands on his hips while walking in inhabited areas;75
he shouldn’t cover his head while walking in inhabited areas;76
he shouldn’t move about while squatting on his heels in inhabited areas.77
This is the proper conduct in relation to dining halls.”
The first section for recitation is finished.
6. Discussion of the proper conduct for alms collectors
At that time there were alms-collecting monks who were shabbily dressed and improper in appearance. They entered and left houses without being attentive, entered and left too hastily, stood too far away or too close, and waited too long or left too soon.
On one occasion a certain monk entered a house without being attentive.
Thinking it was the main door, he entered a room
where a woman was lying naked.
When he saw her,
he left the room.
But when her husband saw her there,
he thought, “My wife has been raped by this monk,” and he took hold of that monk and gave him a beating.
The woman woke up from the commotion and asked her husband,
“Why are you beating this monk?”
“Didn’t he rape you?”
“No he didn’t.
He’s innocent.” And she had him release that monk.
The monk then returned to the monastery and told the monks what had happened.
The monks of few desires complained and criticized him,
“How can the alms-collecting monks act like this?”
They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks:
“Is it true, monks, that the alms-collecting monks are acting like this?”
“It’s true, sir.” …
After rebuking them …
the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct for alms-collecting monks.
When an alms-collecting monk is about to enter the village,
he should put on his sarong evenly all around, covering the navel and the knees. He should put on a belt. Putting the upper robes together, overlapping each other edge-to-edge, he should put them on and fasten the toggle. He should rinse his bowl, bring it along, and enter the village carefully and without hurry.
He should be well-covered while walking in an inhabited areas;78
he should be well-restrained while walking in inhabited areas;79
he should lower his eyes while walking in inhabited areas;80
he shouldn’t lift his robe while walking in inhabited areas;81
he shouldn’t laugh loudly while walking in inhabited areas;82
he shouldn’t be noisy while walking in inhabited areas;83
he shouldn’t sway his body while walking in inhabited areas;84
he shouldn’t swing his arms while walking in inhabited areas;85
he shouldn’t sway his head while walking in inhabited areas;86
he shouldn’t have his hands on his hips while walking in inhabited areas;87
he shouldn’t cover his head while walking in inhabited areas;88
he shouldn’t move about while squatting on his heels in inhabited areas.89
When entering a house,
he should be attentive to where to enter and where to leave.
He shouldn’t enter
or leave too hastily,
stand too far away
or too close,
or wait too long
or leave too soon.
While waiting,
he should be attentive to whether they wish to give alms or not.
If they put down their work, get up from their seat, take hold of a serving spoon or a vessel, or they tell him to wait, then he should assume they wish to give, and he should wait.90
When they give him almsfood, he should lift his upper robe with his left hand, stretch out his bowl with his right hand, and receive the alms while holding the bowl with both hands.
He shouldn’t look the donor in the face.
He should be attentive
to whether they wish to give curry or not.
If they take hold of a serving spoon or a vessel, or they tell him to wait,
then he should assume they wish to give, and he should wait.
When they have given alms, he should cover the bowl with his upper robe, and leave carefully and without hurry.
He should be well-covered while walking in inhabited areas;91
he should be well-restrained while walking in inhabited areas;92
he should lower his eyes while walking in inhabited areas;93
he shouldn’t lift his robe while walking in inhabited areas;94
he shouldn’t laugh loudly while walking in inhabited areas;95
he shouldn’t be noisy while walking in inhabited areas;96
he shouldn’t sway his body while walking in inhabited areas;97
he shouldn’t swing his arms while walking in inhabited areas;98
he shouldn’t sway his head while walking in inhabited areas;99
he shouldn’t have his hands on his hips while walking in inhabited areas;100
he shouldn’t cover his head while walking in inhabited areas;101
he shouldn’t move about while squatting on his heels in inhabited areas.102
Whoever returns first from almsround in the village should prepare the seats and set out a foot stool, a foot scraper, and water for washing the feet. He should wash the bowl for leftovers and put it back out, and set out water for drinking and water for washing.
Whoever returns last from almsround may eat whatever is left over,
or he should discard it where there are no cultivated plants or in water without life.103
He should put away the seats and also the foot stool, the foot scraper, and the water for washing the feet. He should wash the bowl for leftovers and put it away, put away the water for drinking and the water for washing, and sweep the dining hall.
Whoever sees that the pot for drinking water, the pot for washing water, or the restroom pot is empty should fill it.
If he can’t do it by himself, he should call someone over by hand signal and they should fill it together. He shouldn’t speak because of that.
This is the proper conduct for alms collectors.”
7. Discussion of the proper conduct for those staying in the wilderness
At that time there was a number of monks staying in the wilderness.
They did not set out water for drinking or water for washing, did not light fires or provide fire-making implements, and did not know the constellations or the regions.104
Criminals went to that place and asked the monks,
“Sir, is there any water for drinking?” —
“No, there isn’t.” —
“Is there any water for washing?” —
“No.” —
“Is there any fire?” —
“No.” —
“Are there any fire-making implements?” —
“No.” —
“Which constellation is the moon in today?” —105
“We don’t know.” —
“Which region is this?” —106
“We don’t know.”
Thinking,
“They’re not monks; they’re criminals,”
they beat them up and left.
The monks told other monks what had happened
and they in turn told the Buddha.
Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct for monks staying in the wilderness.
After getting up early in the morning, a monk who is staying in the wilderness should put his bowl in its bag, hang it from his shoulder, put his robe over his shoulders, put on his sandals, put the wooden and ceramic goods in order, close the door and windows, and come down from his dwelling.
When he’s about to enter the village,
he should remove his sandals, hold them low and knock them together. He should put them in a bag, which he should hang from his shoulder. He should put on his sarong evenly all around, covering the navel and the knees, and he should put on a belt. Putting the upper robes together, overlapping each other edge-to-edge, he should put them on and fasten the toggle. He should rinse his bowl, bring it along, and enter the village carefully and without hurry.
He should be well-covered while walking in inhabited areas; he should be well-restrained while walking in inhabited areas; he should lower his eyes while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t lift his robe while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t laugh loudly while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t be noisy while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t sway his body while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t swing his arms while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t sway his head while walking in inhabited areas;
he shouldn’t have his hands on his hips while walking in inhabited areas;
he shouldn’t cover his head while walking in inhabited areas;
he shouldn’t move about while squatting on his heels in inhabited areas.
When entering a house,
he should be attentive to where to enter and where to leave.
He shouldn’t enter
or leave too hastily,
stand too far away
or too close,
or wait too long
or leave too soon.
While waiting,
he should be attentive to whether they wish to give alms or not.
If they put down their work, get up from their seat, take hold of a serving spoon or a vessel, or they tell him to wait,
then he should assume they wish to give, and he should wait.
When they give him almsfood, he should lift his upper robe with his left hand, stretch out his bowl with his right hand, and receive the alms while holding the bowl with both hands.
He shouldn’t look the donor in the face.
He should be attentive
to whether they wish to give curry or not.
If they take hold of a serving spoon or a vessel, or they tell him to wait,
then he should assume they wish to give, and he should wait.
When they have given alms, he should cover the bowl with his upper robe, and return carefully and without hurry.
He should be well-covered while walking in inhabited areas; he should be well-restrained while walking in inhabited areas; he should lower his eyes while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t lift his robe while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t laugh loudly while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t be noisy while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t sway his body while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t swing his arms while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t sway his head while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t have his hands on his hips while walking in inhabited areas; he shouldn’t cover his head while walking in inhabited areas;
he shouldn’t move about while squatting on his heels in inhabited areas.
When he has left the village, he should put his bowl in its bag and hang it from his shoulder, fold up his robe and put it on his head, and put on his sandals and go.
A monk who is staying in the wilderness should set out water for drinking and water for washing, should light a fire and provide fire-making implements, should provide a walking stick, and should learn the constellations—
either all of them or a portion—and become skilled in the regions.
This is the proper conduct for those staying in the wilderness.”
8. Discussion of the proper conduct in regard to dwellings
On one occasion when a number of monks were making robes outside,
the monks from the group of six were beating furniture in an open space upwind from them.
The robe-making monks became dusty.
The monks of few desires complained and criticized them,
“How can the monks from the group of six do this?”
They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks:
“Is it true, monks, that the monks from the group of six did this?”
“It’s true, sir.” …
After rebuking them …
the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct in regard to dwellings.
If the dwelling he’s staying in is dirty, a monk should clean it if he’s able.
When he’s cleaning the dwelling, he should first take out the bowl and robe and put them aside.
He should take out the sitting mat and the sheet and put them aside.
He should take out the mattress and the pillow and put them aside.
Holding the bed low, he should carefully take it out without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it aside.
Holding the bench low, he should carefully take it out without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it aside.
He should take out the bed supports and put them aside.
He should take out the spittoon and put it aside.
He should take out the leaning board and put it aside.
After taking note of its position, he should take out the floor cover and put it aside.
If the dwelling has cobwebs, he should first remove them from the ceiling cloth, and he should then wipe the windows and the corners of the room.
If the walls have been treated with red ocher and they’re moldy, he should moisten a cloth, wring it out, and wipe the walls.
If the floor has been treated with a black finish and it’s moldy, he should moisten a cloth, wring it out, and wipe the floor.
If the floor is untreated, he should sprinkle it with water and then sweep it,
trying to avoid stirring up dust.
He should look out for any trash and discard it.
He shouldn’t beat the furniture near other monks,
near other dwellings,
near water for drinking,
or near water for washing.
He shouldn’t beat the furniture in an open area upwind from these things,
but downwind from them.
He should sun the floor cover, clean it, beat it, bring it back inside, and put it back as before.
He should sun the bed supports, wipe them, bring them back inside, and put them back where they were.
He should sun the bed, clean it, and beat it. Holding it low, he should carefully bring it back inside without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it back as before.
He should sun the bench, clean it, and beat it. Holding it low, he should carefully bring it back inside without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it back as before.
He should sun the mattress and the pillow, clean them, beat them, bring them back inside, and put them back as before.
He should sun the sitting mat and the sheet, clean them, beat them, bring them back inside, and put them back as before.
He should sun the spittoon, wipe it, bring it back inside, and put it back where it was.
He should sun the leaning board, wipe it, bring it back inside, and put it back where it was.
He should put away the bowl and robe.
When putting away the bowl, he should hold the bowl in one hand, feel under the bed or the bench with the other, and then put it away.
He shouldn’t put the bowl away on the bare floor.
When putting away the robe, he should hold the robe in one hand, wipe the bamboo robe rack or the clothesline with the other, and then put it away by folding the robe over it, making the ends face the wall and the fold face out.
If dusty winds are blowing from the east, he should close the windows on the eastern side.
If dusty winds are blowing from the west, he should close the windows on the western side.
If dusty winds are blowing from the north, he should close the windows on the northern side.
If dusty winds are blowing from the south, he should close the windows on the southern side.
If the weather is cold, he should open the windows during the day and close them at night.
If the weather is hot, he should close the windows during the day and open them at night.
If the yard is dirty, he should sweep it.
If the gatehouse is dirty, he should sweep it.
If the assembly hall is dirty, he should sweep it.
If the water-boiling shed is dirty, he should sweep it.
If the restroom is dirty, he should sweep it.
If there’s no water for drinking, he should get some.
If there’s no water for washing, he should get some.
If there’s no water in the restroom ablutions pot, he should fill it.
If he’s staying in the same dwelling as a more senior monk, he shouldn’t do any of the following without asking him for permission: recite, question, rehearse, teach, turn a lamp on or off, or open or close a window.
If he’s doing walking meditation on the same walking path as a more senior monk, they should turn around according to seniority, but he shouldn’t touch the senior monk with the corner of his robe.
This is the proper conduct in regard to dwellings.”
9. Discussion of the proper conduct in regard to saunas
On one occasion the monks from the group of six were kept out of the sauna by the senior monks. Then, out of disrespect, they stacked up much firewood, lit it, closed the door, and sat down against it.
The monks overheated, but being unable to open the door, they fainted and collapsed.
The monks of few desires complained and criticized them,
“How can the monks from the group of six do this?”
They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks:
“Is it true, monks, that the monks from the group of six did this?”
“It’s true, sir.” …
After rebuking them …
the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“If you’re kept out of the sauna by senior monks, you shouldn’t, out of disrespect, stack up much firewood and light it.
If you do, you commit an offense of wrong conduct.
And you shouldn’t close the door and sit down against it.
If you do, you commit an offense of wrong conduct.
Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct in regard to saunas.107
The monk who goes first to the sauna should discard any ashes that are building up.
If the sauna is dirty, he should sweep it.
If the area surrounding the sauna is dirty, he should sweep it.108
If the yard is dirty, he should sweep it.
If the gatehouse is dirty, he should sweep it.
If the sauna shed is dirty, he should sweep it.
He should knead bath powder, moisten the clay, and fill the water trough with water.
When entering the sauna, he should smear his face with clay, cover himself front and back, and then enter.
He shouldn’t sit encroaching on the senior monks,
or block the junior monks from getting a seat.
If he’s able, he should provide assistance to the senior monks in the sauna.
When leaving the sauna, he should take the sauna bench, cover himself front and back, and then leave.
If he’s able, he should also provide assistance to the senior monks in the water.
He shouldn’t bathe in front of the senior monks or upstream from them.
When he’s coming out of the water after bathing, he should give way to those who are entering the water.
If the sauna is muddy, the last monk to leave it should clean it.
He should wash the clay trough, put away the sauna bench, extinguish the fire, close the door, and then leave.
This is the proper conduct in regard to saunas.”
10. Discussion of the proper conduct in regard to restrooms
At that time a monk who had been born as a brahmin did not want to wash after defecating, thinking,
“Who would touch this foul, stinking stuff?”
As a result, a worm settled in his rectum.
He told the monks, who said,
“So you don’t wash after defecating?”
“That’s right.”
The monks of few desires complained and criticized him,
“How can a monk not wash after defecating?”
They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks:
“Is it true, monk, that you don’t wash after defecating?”
“It’s true, sir.” …
After rebuking them …
the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“When there’s water available, you should wash after defecating.
If you don’t, you commit an offense of wrong conduct.”
At that time the monks used the restrooms according to seniority.
Junior monks who had arrived first had to wait to defecate.
Unable to hold out, they fainted and collapsed.
They told the Buddha. …
“Is it true, monks, that this is happening?”
“It’s true, sir.” …
“The restrooms shouldn’t be used according to seniority.
If you do, you commit an offense of wrong conduct.
You should use the restroom according to the order of arrival.”
At that time the monks from the group of six entered the restrooms too hastily, pulled up their robes before entering, groaned while defecating, cleaned their teeth while defecating, defecated outside the toilet, urinated outside the urinal, spat in the urinal, used coarse wiping sticks, threw the wiping sticks in the cesspit, left the restroom too hastily, came out with their robes still pulled up, made a chomping sound while washing, and they left water in the ablutions scoop.
The monks of few desires complained and criticized them,
“How can the monks from the group of six act like this?”
They told the Buddha. …
“Is it true, monks, that the monks from the group of six are acting like this?”
“It’s true, sir.” …
After rebuking them …
the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct in regard to restrooms.
When a monk goes to the restroom, he should stand outside and clear his throat.
Anyone sitting inside should also clear his throat.
After hanging his robe on a bamboo robe rack or a clothesline, he should enter the restroom carefully and without hurry.
He shouldn’t enter the restroom too hastily;
he shouldn’t pull up his robe before he has entered;
he should pull up his robe when he’s standing on the foot stands for defecating;
he shouldn’t groan while defecating;
he shouldn’t clean his teeth while defecating;
he shouldn’t defecate outside the toilet;
he shouldn’t urinate outside the urinal;
he shouldn’t spit in the urinal;
he shouldn’t use coarse wiping sticks;
he shouldn’t throw the wiping sticks in the cesspit;
he should cover himself while still standing on the foot stands for defecating;
he shouldn’t leave the restroom too hastily;
he shouldn’t come out with his robe still pulled up;
he should pull up his robe when standing on the ablutions foot stands;
he shouldn’t make a chomping sound while washing;
he shouldn’t leave water in the ablutions scoop;
he should cover himself while still standing on the ablutions foot stands.
If the restroom is dirty, he should clean it.
If the wiping-stick container is full, he should discard the wiping sticks.
If the restroom is dirty, he should sweep it.
If the area surrounding the restroom is dirty, he should sweep it.109
If the yard is dirty, he should sweep it.
If the gatehouse is dirty, he should sweep it.
If there’s no water in the restroom ablutions pot, he should fill it.
This is the proper conduct in regard to restrooms.”
11. Discussion of the proper conduct toward a preceptor
At that time the students were not conducting themselves properly toward their preceptors.
The monks of few desires complained and criticized them,
“How can the students not conduct themselves properly toward their preceptors?”
They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks:
“Is it true, monks, that the students are not conducting themselves properly toward their preceptors?”
“It’s true, sir.” …
The Buddha rebuked them …
“How can they act like this?
This will affect people’s confidence …”
After rebuking them …
the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“Well then, I’ll lay down the proper conduct for a student toward his preceptor.
A student should conduct himself properly toward his preceptor.
This is the proper conduct:
Nguồn: Bản tiếng Anh từ SuttaCentral, nhiều dịch giả (tên dịch giả ghi ở từng bài). Nguyên bản Pāli và bản dịch trên Bilara: CC0 1.0. Các bản dịch khác: dùng theo sự đồng ý của SuttaCentral và các bên giữ bản quyền.