13. Accumulation (Samuccaya) (PLI-TV-KD13)

Four hundred on concurrent probation and beginning

“This is a case, monks, where a monk, while doing probation, having fallen into several offences entailing a formal meeting of the Order, leaves the Order not having concealed them. On being ordained again, he does not conceal these offences. That monk should be sent back to the beginning.

“This is a case, monks … not having concealed them. On being ordained again, he conceals these offences. That monk should be sent back to the beginning and concurrent probation should be granted him on account on the earlier offences among the offences thus concealed.

“This is a case, monks … having concealed them. On being ordained again, he does not conceal these offences. That monk should be sent back to the beginning … thus concealed.

“This is a case, monks, … having concealed them. On being ordained again, he conceals these offences. That monk should be sent back to the beginning … thus concealed.

“This is a case, monks, where a monk, while doing probation, falls into several offences entailing a formal meeting of the Order. His offences are both concealed and not concealed. Having left the Order, he, on being ordained again, does not afterwards conceal those offences which formerly he concealed, does not afterwards conceal those offences which formerly he did not conceal. That monk should be sent back to the beginning and concurrent probation should be granted him on account of the earlier offences of the offences thus concealed.

“This is a case, monks … His offences are both concealed and not concealed. Having left the Order, he, on being ordained again, does not afterwards conceal those offences which formerly be concealed, afterwards conceals those offences which formerly he did not conceal. That monk should be sent back to the beginning … thus concealed.

“This is a case, monks, … on being ordained again, afterwards conceals those offences which formerly he concealed, afterwards does not conceal those offences which formerly he did not conceal. That monk should be sent back to the beginning … thus concealed.

“This is a case, monks, … on being ordained again, afterwards conceals those offences which formerly he concealed, afterwards conceals those offences which formerly he did not conceal. That monk should be sent back to the beginning … thus concealed.

“This is a case, monks, where a monk, while doing probation, falls into several offences entailing a formal meeting of the Order. He knows some are offences, he does not know that others are offences … = Kd.13.29.3, Kd.13.29.4, Kd.13.30. The penalty is always the same: that monk should be sent back to the beginning and concurrent probation granted him on account of the earlier offences of the offences thus concealed. …

“This is a case, monks, where a monk deserving mānatta (discipline) … undergoing mānatta (discipline) … deserving rehabilitation, having meantime fallen into several offences entailing a formal meeting of the Order, leaves the Order, not having concealed them … The one deserving mānatta (discipline) and the one undergoing mānatta (discipline) and the one deserving rehabilitation should be explained in detail similarly to the one doing probation.

“This is a case, monks, where a monk deserving rehabilitation, having meantime fallen into several offences entailing a formal meeting of the Order, and not having concealed them, becomes a novice … becomes mad … becomes unhinged in mind …becomes afflicted by pain. His offences are both concealed and not concealed … = Kd.13.30 … he afterwards conceals, being in no doubt. That monk should be sent back to the beginning and concurrent probation granted him on account of the earlier offences of the offences thus concealed.

The portion with eighteen cases measured, etc.

kinds, not having concealed those of a like division, not having concealed those of the other division, not having concealed separate ones, not having concealed connected ones, leaves the Order.

The portion with eleven cases on two monks

“Two monks come to have fallen into an offence entailing a formal meeting of the Order. They come to be of the opinion that the offence is one entailing a formal meeting of the Order. One conceals it, the other does not conceal it. Whoever conceals it should be made to confess an offence of wrong-doing, and having granted him probation for as long as it was concealed, mānatta (discipline) should be imposed on both.

“Two monks come to have fallen into an offence entailing a formal meeting of the Order. They are doubtful whether the offence is one entailing a formal meeting of the Order. One conceals it … as above … should be imposed on both.

“Two monks come to have fallen into an offence entailing a formal meeting of the Order. In regard to this offence they are of the opinion that it is a mixed offence. One conceals it … as above … should be imposed on both.

“Two monks come to have fallen into a mixed offence. In regard to this mixed offence they are of the opinion that it is an offence entailing a formal meeting of the Order. One conceals it … should be imposed on both.

“Two monks come to have fallen into a mixed offence. In regard to that mixed offence they are of the opinion that it is a mixed offence. One conceals it … should be imposed on both.

“Two monks come to have fallen into a slighter offence. In regard to this slighter offence they are of the opinion that it is an offence entailing a formal meeting of the Order. One conceals it, the other does not conceal it. Whoever conceals it should be made to confess an offence of wrong-doing and both should be dealt with according to the rule.

“Two monks come to have fallen into a slighter offence. In regard to this slighter offence they are of the opinion that it is a slighter offence. One conceals it … according to the rule.

“Two monks come to have fallen into an offence entailing a formal meeting of the Order. In regard to this offence entailing a formal meeting of the Order they are of the opinion that it is an offence entailing a formal meeting of the Order. It occurs to one, ‘I will tell about it,’ it occurs to the other, ‘I will not tell about it’. He conceals it during the first watch and he conceals it during the second watch and he conceals it during the third watch. If the offence is (still) concealed after the sun has risen, whoever conceals it should be made to confess an offence of wrong-doing, and having granted him probation for as long as it was concealed, mānatta (discipline) should be imposed on both.

“Two monks come to have fallen into an offence entailing a formal meeting of the Order. In regard to this offence entailing a formal meeting of the Order they are of the opinion that it is an offence entailing a formal meeting of the Order. They go away, thinking, ‘We will tell about it.’ On the way, backsliding arises in one and he thinks, ‘I will not tell about it.’ He conceals it during the first watch and … he conceals it during the third watch. If the offence is (still) concealed after the sun has risen, … should be imposed on both.

“Two monks … They become mad, and later they, having become sane again, one conceals it the other does not conceal it. Whoever conceals it should be made to confess an offence of wrong-doing and, having granted him probation for as long as it was concealed, mānatta (discipline) should be imposed on both.

“Two monks come to have fallen into an offence entailing a formal meeting of the Order. As the Pātimokkha is being recited, these speak thus: ‘Only now do we understand that the rule, as is said, is handed down in a clause, contained in a clause (and) comes up for recitation every half-month.’ In regard to that offence entailing a formal meeting of the Order they are of the opinion that it is an offence entailing a formal meeting of the Order. One conceals it, the other does not conceal it. Whoever conceals it should be made to confess an offence of wrong-doing, and having granted him probation for as long as it was concealed, mānatta (discipline) should be imposed on both.

Nine cases on impure beginning

“This is a case, monks, where a monk falls into several offences entailing a formal meeting of the Order: many and not many and of one kind and of different kinds and of a like division and of a different division and separate and connected. He asks the Order for concurrent probation on account of these offences. The Order grants him concurrent probation on account of these offences. While he is doing probation he falls into several intervening offences entailing a formal meeting of the Order, many, not concealed. On account of the intervening offences, he asks the Order for sending back to the beginning. On account of the intervening offences the Order sends him back to the beginning by a (formal) act that is legally valid, irreversible, fit to stand, (but) it imposes mānatta (discipline) not by rule, it rehabilitates him not by rule. Monks, that monk is not pure in regard to those offences.

“This is a case, monks, where a monk falls into several offences entailing a formal meeting of the Order: not many and many and of one kind and of different kinds and of a like division and of a different division connected ones. He asks the Order for concurrent probation on account of these offences. The Order grants him concurrent probation on account of these offences. While he is under probation, he meantime falls into several offences entailing a formal meeting of the Order, not many, concealed … On account of the offences (fallen into) meantime, the Order sends him back to the beginning by a (formal) act that is legally valid, irreversible, fit to stand. It grants concurrent probation by rule, it imposes mānatta (discipline) not by rule, it rehabilitates him not by rule. Monks, that monk is not pure in regard to those offences.

“This is a case, monks, where a monk falls into several offences entailing a formal meeting of the Order: not many … and connected ones. He asks the Order … While he is under probation, he meantime falls into several offences entailing a formal meeting of the Order: many, not concealed … many, concealed … many, concealed and not concealed I … not many and many, not concealed. On account of the offences (fallen into) meantime, he asks the Order for sending back to the beginning. On account of the offences (fallen into) meantime, the Order sends him back to the beginning by a (formal) act that is legally valid, irreversible, fit to stand. It grants concurrent probation by rule, it imposes mānatta (discipline) not by rule, it rehabilitates him not by rule. Monks, that monk is not pure in regard to those offences.

“This is a case, monks, where a monk … and connected ones. He asks the Order for concurrent probation on account of these offences. The Order grants him concurrent probation on account of these offences. While he is under probation, he meantime falls into several offences entailing a formal meeting of the Order: not many and many and concealed. On account of these offences (fallen into) meantime he asks the Order for sending back to the beginning. On account of these offences (fallen into) meantime the Order sends him back to the beginning by a (formal) act that is legally valid, irreversible, fit to stand. It grants him concurrent probation by rule, it imposes mānatta (discipline) not by rule, it rehabilitates him not by rule. Monks, that monk is not pure in regard to those offences.

“This is a case, monks, … and connected ones. On account of these offences, he asks the Order for concurrent probation. On account of these offences, the Order grants him concurrent probation. While he is under probation, he meantime falls into several offences entailing a formal meeting of the Order: not many and many and concealed and not concealed. On account of these offences (fallen into) meantime, he asks the Order for sending back to the beginning. On account of these offences (fallen into) meantime, the Order sends him back to the beginning by a (formal) act that is legally valid, irreversible, fit to stand. It grants concurrent probation by rule, it imposes mānatta (discipline) not by rule, it rehabilitates him not by rule. Monks, that monk is not pure in regard to those offences.

Told are the Nine Cases where (a Monk on being sent back to) the Beginning is Not Pure.

Second set of nine cases

“This is a case, monks, where a monk falls into several offences entailing a formal meeting of the Order: not many and many … and separate ones and connected ones. On account of these offences he asks the Order for concurrent probation. On account of these offences, the Order grants him concurrent probation. While he is under probation, he meantime falls into several offences entailing a formal meeting of the Order: not many, not concealed. On account of these offences (fallen into) meantime he asks the Order for sending back to the beginning. On account of these offences (fallen into) meantime the Order sends him back to the beginning by a (formal) act that is not legally valid, reversible, not fit to stand, it imposes mānatta (discipline) by rule, it rehabilitates him by rule. Monks, that monk is not pure in regard to those offences.

“This is a case, monks, … While he is under probation he meantime falls into several offences entailing a formal meeting of the Order: not many and concealed and not concealed … not many, concealed … On account of these offences (fallen into) meantime the Order sends him back to the beginning by a (formal) act that is not legally valid, reversible, not fit to stand, it grants concurrent probation not by rule, imposes mānatta (discipline) by rule, it rehabilitates him by rule. Monks, that monk is not pure in regard to those offences.

“This is a case, monks, … While he is under probation he meantime falls into several offences entailing a formal meeting of the Order: not many, concealed. On account of these offences (fallen into) meantime he asks the Order for sending back to the beginning. On account of these offences (fallen into) meantime the Order sends him back to the beginning by a (formal) act that is not legally valid, reversible, not fit to stand. It grants him concurrent probation not by rule. those offences among the subsequent offences, sends him back to the beginning by a (formal) act that is legally valid, irreversible, fit to stand, it grants concurrent probation by rule, it imposes mānatta (discipline) by rule, it rehabilitates him by rule. Monks, that monk is pure in regard to those offences.

“This is a case, monks, … This case is identical with the preceding, but instead of concealed read concealed and not concealed …

“This is a case, monks … While he is under probation, he meantime falls into several offences entailing a formal meeting of the Order, many, not concealed, many, concealed … not many and many, not concealed. On account of the offences (fallen into) meantime he asks the Order for sending back to the beginning. On account of the offences (fallen into) meantime, the Order sends him back to the beginning by a (formal) act that is not legally valid, reversible, not fit to stand. It imposes mānatta (discipline) by rule, rehabilitates by rule. Monks, that monk is not pure in regard to those offences.

Third set of nine cases

“This is a case, monks, … While he is under probation, he meantime falls into several offences entailing a formal meeting of the Order, not many and many, and concealed … not many and many and concealed and not concealed … On account of these offences (fallen into) meantime, the Order sends him back to the beginning by a (formal) act that is not legally valid, reversible, not fit to stand, it grants him concurrent probation not by rule, it imposes mānatta (discipline) by rule, it rehabilitates him by rule. Monks, that monk is not pure in regard to those offences.

“This is a case, monks … The two cases given here are identical with those specified in Kd.13.36.2; instead of not many read many … Monks, that monk is pure in regard to those offences.”

Told is the Third Section: that on Accumulation (of Offences).

This is its key:

Not concealed, and one day, two days, three days, four days and five days,
and for a fortnight, ten days: the Great Sage speaks of an offence, /
And slighter ones, leaving the Order, about ‘not many’, two monks there agree,
two are doubtful, are of the opinion that it is a mixed offence, /
They are of the opinion that it is a heavier offence when it is a slighter one,
likewise of the opinion that it is a slighter one. /
One conceals, and then about backsliding,and confessing for one who was mad, (sending back) to the beginning, he is pure. /
The recitation is for the maintenance of true dhamma
among the teachers of the Vibhajja doctrines,
and who, dwellers in the Mahāvihāra, illuminate Tambapaṇṇidīpa.

The Book of the Discipline was translated by I.B. Horner.

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Originally published by the Pali Text Society in the following years:

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