T848 The Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi Sutra

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The Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi Sutra

55a

And experiencing and practicing on the basis of this expedient means, he will always gain supramundane accomplishments. As is said in an udānaverse that has been taught: The Dharma without [differentiating] characteristics, most profound, is unsuitable for those of inferior intelligence. In order to cater for them there also exists the teaching of that which has [differentiating] characteristics. The above ritual of worship from the Scripture of the Enlightenment, Supernatural Transformations, and Empowerment of Mahāvairocana,collected by the ācārya,ends herewith. The transmitter is quite satisfied with it. Moreover, out of a desire to reduce its volume, duplicated mantras have been deleted; they are to be transposed and used [as appropriate]. The practitioner should simply combine the meaning of the passages before and after [to determine the omitted mantras].

169

[End of]Fascicle Seven of the Scripture of the Enlightenment, Supernatural Transformations, and Empowerment of Mahāvairocana

250

Notes

1 Although the Tibetan translation of this final phrase is of similar import to the Chinese, and both the Chinese and Tibetan commentaries support this reading, it is to be surmised that the intended meaning of the original was that the Bhagavān sat on a lion throne in the guise of a bodhisattva even though he was a Tathāgata. 2 Strictly speaking, the Sanskrit equivalent of "Lord of Mysteries" (guhya kā dhi pati) means "Lord (or Master) of Secret Ones,

" the "secret ones" (guhyaka) being a class

of demigods whose leader is Vajrapāṇi. But because in the Chinese commentary this designation is interpreted in connection with the three mysteries of body, speech, and mind and Vajrapāṇi is said to bear this title because "he is lord of the mystery of the mind,

" the translation "Lord of Mysteries" has been adopted. In addition, it should be noted that the reconstructions of the Sanskrit names of the vajradharas are for the most part tentative, and they have been variously reconstructed by different scholars. 3 Among the twenty-nine erroneous views of the self listed here, "the measure of man"

corresponds to puruṣa("[primeval] man" or "spirit"),

"the completely adorned" to

either prabhuor vibhu("lord"), and "life-force" to jīva("life [principle]" or "soul"); "mind-born" (manoja) is a common mistranslation of manuja("born from Manu"), while "youngster" (māṇava) is a mistranslation of mānava("descended from Manu"); and jñatvamshould possibly read jñātavya("that which is to be known"). 4 The six days of abstinence are the eighth, fourteenth, fifteenth, twenty-third, twentyninth, and thirtieth days of each month. 5 Many of the names of gods both here and elsewhere in the text are accompanied by the word "god" (deva), but hereafter this has generally been omitted in the translation. 6 In the Tibetan translation the eighth stage is called "that which has become strength, "

presumably meaning that the fruit of the previous stage, which, according to the Tibetan translation, was ingested to provide nourishment, has been converted into physical strength. This sits better with the extended analogy of a seed, and it would suggest that there was some scribal confusion between bala("strength") and bāla ("[male] child").

7 Added on the basis of the Tibetan translation and Chinese commentary. 8 Added on the basis of the Tibetan translation and Chinese commentary. After this "mind of mud,

" the Tibetan translation adds "mind of mire.

"

9 Because the Chinese text lists only fifty-nine minds (having omitted the "mind of mire" mentioned in the Tibetan translation), the Chinese commentary adds a sixtieth, "mind of the monkey.

"

251

Notes

10 According to the Chinese commentary, it is the five basic mental afflictions—greed, anger, stupidity, pride, and doubt—that are doubled five times to give a total of one hundred and sixty minds (5 x 2 = 10, 10 x 2 = 20, 20 x 2 = 40, 40 x 2 = 80, and 80 x 2 = 160). Buddhaguhya, on the other hand, presents a complicated system of calculation to derive the one hundred and sixty minds from the sixty minds that have just been described.

11 In the Chinese translation kalpa("eon") has been interpreted as vikalpa("[false] discrimination"), and according to the Chinese commentary, "transcending the mundane

three false attachments" means to eradicate three levels of attachment (gross, subtle, and very subtle). According to the Tibetan translation, on the other hand, "the one

hundred and sixty mundane minds are transcended in three eons. "

12 According to the Chinese commentary, the "eight minds compatible [with the world]" are the eight stages through which an ordinary person passes, described earlier, while the "eight minds incompatible [with the world]" are eight further stages leading up to the pulling out of the stumps of karma and mental afflictions and the seeds of ignorance mentioned just above. 13 According to the Chinese commentary, the "three minds" correspond to the minds of the cause (hetu), root (mūla), and culmination (paryavasāna). 14 The Chinese commentary explains the "ten minds" with reference to ten minds mentioned in the Avataṃsaka-sūtraand also in terms of the eight stages mentioned earlier. 15 16 17 I.e., one further quarter of an eon is needed to reach full enlightenment. Or possibly "rapids" or "the confluence of a river.

"

Other versions of this mantra have samantānugate("all-pervading one!") for samatā nugate,while the Tibetan has gaganasamatānugate("attained equality with the sky!") for gaganasame samatānugate.Throughout the text there are many discrepancies, usually minor, between the mantras given in the Chinese and Tibetan translations, but these differences have generally not been noted.

18 The Tibetan translation and Buddhaguhya's commentary imply that Vairocana wears a crown on top of his topknot, but according to the Chinese commentary his topknot resembles a crown, and the corresponding phrase (jaṭā-mukuṭa) has been translated in this latter sense throughout. Iconographical evidence suggests that both interpretations were current in India. 19 According to the Chinese commentary, this refers to an area between Acalanātha and Trailokyavijaya (to the west of the central deity).

20 "Most excellent vow" corresponds to Sanskrit vara,which can mean either "(most) excellent" or "request, gift,

" and here means simply "excellent" and qualifies "path.

"

In the Chinese translation its two meanings are often conflated as "(most) excellent vow,

" but hereafter when the Sanskrit or the Tibetan indicates that the sense of "vow" is out of place, it has usually been translated simply as "(most) excellent. "

21 The designations "initial quarter,

" etc., for the four directions are literal translations

of the Sanskrit equivalents.

252

Notes

22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 This possibly refers to a path for circumambulation. Also aṅgula.A unit of measurement equal to a finger's breadth and sometimes rendered in the Chinese as "finger" or "phalanx.

"

Or possibly, following the Tibetan "sign of the buddhas, " "seal of all omniscient

"

ones.

Or possibly an ear of millet (priyaṅgu).

Or, judging from the Tibetan translation and according to Buddhaguhya, Pāṇḍara vāsinī. The text has vidyādhararāja("king of spell-holders"). Following the Chinese commentary, this could also be taken to mean that it is the vajrathat "gives out blazing light all around. "

The Tibetan translation and extant exemplars of the maṇḍalawould suggest that "initial quarter" here refers to the northern quarter rather than to the eastern quarter. The Chinese has "Gemmed Palm,

" which suggests Ratnakara (cf. note 99).

According to the Chinese commentary, Indra composed a grammatical treatise in which he incorporated multiple meanings into a single syllable. Presumably phaṭ+ aka,with -akabeing a common suffix. "Phaṭaka

"

would then

mean something like "[a mantra] with [the word] phaṭ. "

The Chinese equivalent musuusually refers to Medicago sativa(lucerne), but it is also used as a translation of Sanskrit spṛkkā(Trigonella corni cu lata). Sanskrit anusvāra:a small circle or dot that is placed over a letter to indicate nasalization of the vowel. Because it symbolizes emptiness, in Chinese it is usually rendered as "(great) dot of emptiness.

"

Sanskrit hasta:a unit of measurement equal to the distance from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger, and corresponding to a cubit. The text reads ºvigatebhyaḥ.Hereafter irregularities regarding sandhi, etc., in the Chinese transcriptions of mantras have been emended without further comment. The text has vidyādhara,which the Chinese commentary here equates with dhāraṇī. Or possibly tathāgatacakṣu[r]vyavalokāya("for the sake of beholding with the Tathāgata's eye"). Or possibly ararakararabaliṃ.The meaning of araraand kalala/kararais unclear. Added on the basis of the Tibetan translation and Chinese commentary. Here and below there are discrepancies between the Chinese and Tibetan translations regarding the vowel length of seed-syllables, with the Tibetan here having trāṃand rāṃfor traṃand raṃ.Since the Chinese transcriptions do not always indicate vowel length, it is possible that in the present instance these two seed-syllables should be read with long vowels. But in doubtful cases such as these I have generally followed the Chinese transcription as it stands unless the lengthening of the vowel is specifically mentioned in the Chinese commentary.

Or possibly "you who are gazed upon by all Tathāgatas. "

253

Notes

43 So interpreted in the Chinese commentary, with aśanibeing taken as a derivative of the verb ṇaś("to eat") rather than in its usual sense of "thun der bolt" or "lightning. "

44 In the Tibetan translation it is called the mantra of "all bodhisattvas, " as it is also in

Chapter IV of Fascicle Seven (p. 262). 45 "Jewel-in-Palm.

" This could be either an error for Ratnākara (cf. note 30) or an alternative translation for Ratnapāṇi (Jewel-in-Hand); the Tibetan translation has Ratna pāṇi. 46 The Tibetan translation has bha,but here and elsewhere I have followed the Chinese commentary in adding the visargato Śākyamuni's seed-syllable. 47 The text reads ṭraṃ,but the Chinese commentary suggests ṭruṃ,and this is indirectly supported by the Tibetan translation, which reads hāṃ ṭyaṃ ruṃ. 48 According to the Tibetan translation (which gives the seed-syllable as Aṃ), this is the mantra of Dhāraṇīpratilabdha.

49 Or possibly vaṃsane.

50 The rites described below are explained in greater detail in the next chapter (p. 89 ff). The "letter,

" "sound,

" and two "bases" mentioned in the first section constitute what is known as "four-limbed" (or "four-branched") recitation, consisting of the visualization of 1) oneself as a deity (the first "base"), 2) a deity in front (the second "base"), 3) a lunar disc ("letter,

" representing the bodhi-mind) either in the heart of the deity in front or in one's own heart, and 4) the letters of the mantra ("sound") arranged around the edge of the lunar disc. 51 Cf. note 16.

52 Or, according to a variant reading, "

. . . the article of siddhiwill be as he wishes" (which accords better with the Tibetan translation). 53 54 Existence in the three realms of desire, form, and non-form. The Sanskrit probably read dṛṣṭa eva dharmeor dṛṣṭe dharme,which the Chinese translator has taken literally, but which usually means "in the present life (or world). "

There are several further occurrences of this expression (or variations of it), and they have been rendered literally into English because the Chinese commentary indicates that this is how they were interpreted. 55 Or, following the Tibetan translation, "

. . . is certified by a venerable [teacher] to accomplish mantras. . . .

"

56 The text reads "because it does nottranscend the three ages. . . , " but I have followed

the Tibetan translation in omitting "not. "

57 The Tibetan transcription has gaganakhaṃ,but the Chinese transcription clearly indicates gaganakaṃ(although the word gaganakais not found in the standard dictionaries). 58 This would seem to contradict the above reference to "one entrance, " which has been

interpreted by some to mean "one entrance in each of the four quarters, " although in

the Chinese commentary it is stated only that the position of the entrance depends on the type of rite to be performed, and there is no mention of four entrances. 59 Some variants and the Tibetan translation have "cause" for "result. "

254

Notes

60 Some versions of this mantra have vīra("hero") for vi ra,and it has been suggested that this is a reference to Vairocana.

61 Mahendrarefers to the square shape, yellow in color, that is associated with the letter Aand with the earth element. It is also referred to below as the "vajra maṇḍala/circle, "

although it is not circular in shape.

62 According to the Chinese commentary,

"crown" refers to the tip of the vajra,but I

have followed Buddhaguhya's interpretation.

63 The text has "according to yoga,

" but this is a literal translation of yathā yogam/yathāyogena,meaning "as is fit, according to circumstances. "

64 The Sanskrit equivalent of "cause" is hetu,the word most commonly associated with the letter Ha.Cf. pp. 51 and 204.

65 The Tibetan translation has "snow" for "lightning, " and "lightning" (dian) may

possibly be a scribal error for "snow" (xue).

66 The base text has "King of Nectar,

" but the variant reading "Born of Nectar" is supported by the Tibetan translation and Chinese commentary. 67 Seenote 22.

68 69 Added from the Tibetan translation.

The Chinese transliteration suggests ba(or possibly ma), but because vaand baare easily confused in Sanskrit, it should in this instance probably be interpreted as va. 70 Variants and the Chinese commentary have Pa(ḥ), while the Tibetan translation has Ga.The seed-syllables in this section as given in the Tibetan translation differ from those given in the Chinese translation.

71 Initiation rites similar to the following are described in greater detail in Chapter II (p. 53 ff).

72 73 That is, he gives them each a flower to cast onto the maṇḍala. According to the Chinese commentary, the "three dharmas" are a deity's body, mantra, and seal; according to Buddhaguhya, on the other hand, they are the body, speech, and mind of the Tathāgata, or the three bodies.

74 In the Chinese translation the left and right hands are usually referred to as "samādhi/meditation (hand)" and "prajñā/wisdom (hand)" respectively, while the five fingers are associated with the five elements and called "earth (circle)" (little finger),

"water (circle)" (ring finger),

"fire (circle)" (middle finger),

"wind (circle)"

(forefinger), and "(empty) space (circle)" (thumb). 75 According to the Tibetan translation and Chinese commentary, the forefingers press down on top of the thumbs, which are bent slightly forward: the positions of the thumbs and forefingers are thus the opposite of those suggested by the text. With regard to other seals too described in this chapter, there are discrepancies between the Chinese and Tibetan translations and the Chinese commentary (Buddhaguhya generally does not comment on the seals themselves), but these have not been noted. 76 The text has "lotus flower of the auspicious vow" (or "auspicious lotus flower of the vow"), but it is evident from the Tibetan translation that "vow" is an abbreviation of 255

Notes

77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 "excellent vow,

" corresponding to vara,and it has therefore been translated as "excellent. " Cf. note 20.

Ūrṇākośarefers to the circle of hair between the eyebrows of a buddha and is counted as one of the thirty-two chief distinguishing marks of a buddha. The mantra for this seal is missing in the Chinese translation, but it is given in the Tibetan translation: Namaḥ samantabuddhānāṃ, pracaṇḍa vajrajvāla visphura hūṃ (cf. mantra 18).

Or possibly "great source of manifold knowledge!"

ºvācaṃ samatāprāptawould seem to be corrupt and differs considerably from the Tibetan transcription (which is also problematic).

In light of the Tibetan transcription and also the following mantra, dayā jñānaṃshould perhaps be regarded as a corruption of chedayājñānaṃ("sever ignorance!"). The text has ratnanirjita("O you who have been conquered by a jewel!") for ratna nirjāta,but the Chinese commentary interprets it in the sense of ratnanirjāta,and the Tibetan transcription has ratnanirjāte.

There appears to be some confusion in the Chinese translation regarding the following group of seals and mantras for the attendants of Ākāśa garbha. According to the Tibetan translation, this first seal and mantra are for Ākāśagarbha, which would seem logical, since the other groups of seals and mantras are headed by the seal and mantra of the chief deity of the group. Meanwhile, the seal and mantra assigned below to Sthiramati are, according to the Tibetan translation, those of Gaganāmala, and these are in the Tibetan translation followed by a seal and mantra for Sthiramati not given in the Chinese translation; the mantra is: Namaḥ samantabuddhānāṃ, vajrakāra svāhā. According to the Tibetan translation and Chinese commentary, this is the seal of Durdharṣa, which is also corroborated by the mantra. The subject of the initial verb "produce" is not specified in the text, but according to the Chinese commentary it is the letter A.

According to the Chinese commentary, the vajracircle is square and yellow (cf. note 61), the water circle circular and white, the fire circle triangular and red, and the wind circle semilunar and black, and they are associated with the letters A, Va, Ra,and Ha respectively.

The text has vidyādhararāja(cf. note 27). The vidyārājahere alluded to corresponds to mantra 247.

The "three actions" are the three rites (śāntika, pauṣṭika,and ā bhicāruka) and also, according to the Chinese commentary, the actions of body, speech, and mind. According to the Chinese commentary, the "three loci" are one's own person, the object of contemplation, and the time of accomplishment (or the connection between subject and object).

Usually, passion (rāga), hatred (dveṣa), and bewilderment (moha), but according to the Chinese commentary the "three faults" correspond to the faults committed by body, speech, and mind.

256

Notes

91 Although the Chinese commentary interprets "mystic seals" in the sense of hand gestures (mudrās), in light of the description of the maṇḍala given below and Buddha guhya's comments it should probably be taken in the sense of symbolic objects. 92 Mantra 247.

93 The text reads "

. . . attendants who have entered the maṇḍala, " but I have adopted

the variant reading ba("eight") for ru("enter"), which is also supported by the Tibetan translation.

94 95 The text has vidyādhararāja(s). Cf. note 27. The text has dafen(*Mahākrodha), but judging from the Chinese commentary and Tibetan translation (skal chen), the character fen("anger") is probably an error for the homophonous fen("portion").

96 According to the Chinese commentary, his physical form, his symbolic seal, and his seed-syllable.

97 Lit.,

"with four exits,

" but judging from the Chinese commentary this seems to refer to a crossed vajra.

98 99 Eight uṣṇīṣas are actually listed. The Chinese has "Gemmed Doer,

" which suggests Ratnakara. For Ratna pāṇi, who follows, the Chinese has "Gemmed Palm, " which again suggests Ratnakara but elsewhere refers to Ratnākara (cf. note 30). 100 The "twelve component syllables" refers to mantra 247, and according to the Chinese commentary the syllables are visualized by the ācāryaon the person of the disciple. 101 "Equality" is one of the four meanings ascribed to the word samayain the Chinese commentary, presumably because of a supposed link with the word sama("equal"), to which it is not, however, directly connected etymologically. 102 The "eight special qualities" are the qualities that make water pure, cool, good-tasting or sweet, soft or smooth, moistening, comforting, thirst-quenching, and nourishing. 103 On these terms see note 3.

104 According to the Chinese commentary, the maṇḍalais blue and surrounded by white dots; that it is the maṇḍala,rather than the dots, that should be blue is also indicated by the Tibetan translation.

105 Although the text reads "

. . . the mantra teachings explained, " both the Chinese commentary and the Tibetan translation would suggest that "teaching" (jiao)may be a scribal error for "number" (shu).

106 Or, if one takes jinas an abbreviation of jingang, "vajra/adamantine circle,

" which

in the Chinese commentary is explained as a square maṇḍala yellow in color. 107 The text has saṃbodhi,but the context as well as the Tibetan translation and Chinese commentary would suggest that saṃbuddhais meant. 108 According to the Chinese commentary, "limbs" refers to the various parts of the body, while according to the Tibetan commentary it refers to the letters of the Sanskrit alphabet starting with Ka.

257

Notes

109 According to the Chinese commentary,

"augmented letters" refers to the twelve vowel signs for i, ī, u, ū, ṛ, ṝ, ḷ, ḹ, e, ai, o,and au.The Tibetan translation has simply "letters, "

and according to the Tibetan commentary these are again the letters starting with Ka. 110 Here and below "limbs" clearly refers to the various parts of the body. The actual allocation of the letters is explained in the next chapter. 111 Lit.,

"always bathing" (= snātaka).

112 "Wealthy" possibly corresponds toprabhu,which means "mighty, rich" or "master, lord" and is also applied to various gods.

113 According to the Chinese commentary, this corresponds to the top of the cranium. 114 According to the Chinese commentary, this pervades all parts of the body. 115 The text has "precept of meaningless speech, " but the word "precept" is out of place.

116 Although this line might also be translated as " . . . other bases of training which are

divorced from expedient means and knowledge,

" it has been translated in light of the

original Sanskrit of this verse as quoted in the Tattvasiddhi. 117 According to the Chinese commentary, the hundred letters consist of the twenty-five letters making up the five members of each of the five series of consonants in the Sanskrit alphabet, each of which takes four forms, thus resulting in one hundred letters. The five series of consonants are the gutturals or velars (ka, kha, ga, gha,and ṅa), the palatals (ca, cha, ja, jha,and ña), the cerebrals or retroflexes (ṭa, ṭha, ḍa, ḍha,and ṇa), the dentals (ta, tha, da, dha,and na), and the labials (pa, pha, ba, bha, and ma), and each of these twenty-five letters takes the following four forms: short (-a), long (-ā), aspirated (-aḥ), and nasalized (-aṃ). These hundred letters are all said to be encapsulated in the letter Aṃ,which is the actual focus of this and the following four chapters.

118 According to the Chinese commentary, the "three dharmas" are principle, practice, and result. The "three samayas" can refer to the equality of body, speech, and mind, but see alsoChapter XXV.

119 Or possibly "All these states of the Unsurpassedly Awakened One of (i.e., realized by) the Striving Hero(es).

"

120 The text has saṃbodhi;cf. note 107.

121 According to the Chinese commentary, this is an allusion to the different kinds of emptiness, given variously as sixteen or eighteen in number. 122 The Tibetan translation has "ineffability, " which better fits the standard association

of the letter Vawith vāc("speech").

123 Seenote 101.

124 The text has saṃbodhi;cf. note 107.

125 Tibetan: Bharata.

"Pitara" may possibly be related to pitaraḥ("[fore]fathers"). 126 According to the Tibetan translation, Atharvaṇa was "famed (*prathita) in the ocean (uda), " which, according to Buddhaguhya, was called Puṣkara (Puṣkaroda), and therefore the reference to Prathita and Puṣkaroda in the Chinese translation as the names of two of Agni's descendants is possibly the result of a misreading of the original Sanskrit. 258

Notes

127 Tibetan: Pavamāna.

128 Probably a corruption of Sabhya.

129 For Āhavanīya?

130 For Vivici?

131 Only forty fires are actually mentioned.

132 In the Tibetan translation Kravyāda is the eleventh fire (although not explicitly identified as such), while the tenth fire is called World-supporter, and this would suggest that it may possibly have been the tenth fire that was actually missing in the Sanskrit text on which the Chinese translation is based.

133 According to the Chinese commentary, the "three places,

" or three principal agents

of the homaritual, are the deity, the fire, and the officiant, which together form a single entity; Buddhaguhya interprets them as the officiant, the fire, and the materials. 134 There follows a passage in prose, which is however clearly redundant since its content is repeated at the start of the following verses: "Then Vajrapāṇi said to the Buddha, 'World-honored One, what is the samādhi for the fire hearth? How does one employ sprinkling? How does one spread the auspicious grass properly? How does one provide the associated materials? When he had finished speaking thus. . . . "

135 Here and below the equivalent of both "characteristic" and "concept[ualized]" in the original Sanskrit of this passage (preserved in the Pradī poddyotana) is nimitta.Judging from the Tibetan translation, this was probably also the case in the following chapter. 136 A reference to four-limbed recitation (see note 50).

137 Lakṣameans "one hundred thousand" and refers to the number of recitations, but in the Chinese commentary it is taken in the sense of lakṣaṇa("mark, characteristic") and said to refer to the attributes of body, speech, and mind which, once purified, lead to the removal of sins.

138 The Tibetan transliteration has traṃand dharaṃfor triṃand dhariṃ, and it also has buddhasatyavāg dharmasatyavāk saṅghasatyavāg("true speech of the Buddha, true speech of the Dharma, [and] true speech of the Sangha") for buddhasatya vā dharmasatya vā saṅghasatya vā. 139 As was noted in the Introduction, Fascicle Seven is a ritual manual which was not originally part of the Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi-sūtra,and this is why the chapter numbers in this last fascicle start again from "I.

" Strictly speaking,

"Procedural Rules for Worship" is the title of this entire final section, while "The Code of Training for Mantra Practice" is the title of the first chapter.

140 In what appears to be a dittographic error, the passage "the exposition of their teachings . . with respect" is repeated in the Chinese translation.

141 Giving, kind speech, beneficial action, and cooperation (elsewhere referred to as the "four means of conversion").

142 The Tibetan translation would suggest that wangnian("delusion") is a scribal error for the homophonous wangnian("forgetfulness").

259

Notes

143 According to the Chinese commentary, this means lying down on one's right side with one's right arm for a pillow and one's left arm stretched out on top of one's thigh (cf. p. 273).

144 The original Sanskrit (with which the Chinese translation does not tally exactly) is preserved in transliteration in the Tibetan translation. 145 Several variants have "trees" for "pillars, " but the latter reading is supported by both the Chinese commentary and the Tibetan translation. 146 Variants have trakafor traṭ,but the Tibetan translation has traṭ. 147 Paramavajrajvālānala? The Tibetan translation has Paramāśva. 148 Samantabuddhānāṃshould probably be emended to samantavajrāṇāṃ, as in the Tibetan translation.

149 The Tibetan translation adds the proviso "if he does not have incense and so on. "

150 The subject of these verses, while not clear, would seem to be the Dharma. In the Sanskrit versions (see note 151), on the other hand, the subject, though unspecified, is plural, and it may be assumed that the verses are a eulogy to the buddhas, etc. 151 Slightly differing versions of the original Sanskrit are preserved in the Sarvadurgatipariśodhana-tantra,Sādhanamālā,Taishō no. 852 (Chinese transcription), and Peking no. 134 (Tibetan transliteration).

152 I.e., four-limbed recitation (see note 50). 153 I.e., the hundred letters alluded to in Chapter XIX infra. 154 Some variants have "harm" for "caves,

" and the Tibetan translation has "city.

"

155 Cf. Chapter V (pp. 81-2) and Chapter VI (pp. 89-90). 156 Chapter III of Fascicle Seven gives the mantras for Vaṃ, Haṃ,and A.In the Tibetan translation, the mantras are inserted in the appropriate places in the foregoing verses. 157 Seenote 21.

158 Svastikāsana,which, according to the Chinese commentary, refers to the half-lotus posture with the right leg placed on the left thigh. 159 Bhadrāsana,which, according to the Chinese commentary, means to sit on one's haunches (with the legs drawn up in front of one's body). 160 According to the Chinese commentary, the "three situations" are pacifying calamities, increasing benefits, and subjugation.

161 Vajrabodhi's translation and the Tibetan translation give the mantra as follows: Namaḥ samantabuddhānāṃ, oṃ vaṃ/vi svāhā.The Tibetan translation has "Action (Karma)-Vajrasattva" for "action-vajra, " and this too is supported by Vajrabodhi's translation. 162 Or possibly balaṃ dade("I give power"). Alternatively, juding from the Tibetan transliteration, it should possibly read baliṃ dade("I give a food offering"). 163 For trapaya trapaya?

164 Seenote 161.

165 The Chinese commentary interprets mingin the sense of vidyā,but both the Tibetan translation and Vajrabodhi's translation indicate that it here means "brightness" or "light.

"

260

Notes

166 The seal described after mantra 284 (p. 251). 167 Judging from Vajrabodhi's translation, this seems to refer to recitation performed in water.

168 According to the Chinese commentary, the "three equals" are the "three mysteries, "

but the Tibetan translation has "neck, chest, navel, and waist, " while Vajrabodhi's

translation states that when performing recitation in water, higher, middling, and lower success depend on whether the water reaches the top of one's head, one's waist, or one's knees.

169 Several manuscripts, including the base text, follow with five characters representing transcriptions of Sanskrit sounds and brief comments on the pronunciation of Chinese transcriptions of Sanskrit, but they do not belong to the text. 261

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—

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"Razyasneniya k Sutre Makhavayrochany o stanovlenii Buddoy chudesnymi izmeneniyami privnosimogo i imeyushchegosya. " Svitok 1 (sostavil I-Sin).Moscow: Serebryanye Niti, 2003.

Gibson, Morgan, and Hiroshi Murakami. Tantric Poetry of Kūkai (Kōbō Daishi), Japan '

s

Buddhist Saint, with Excerpts from The Mahāvairocana Sūtra and I-Hsing '

s Commentary.Bangkok: Mahachulalongkorn University, 1982. Hodge, Stephen, trans. The Mahā-Vairocana-Abhisaṃbodhi Tantra with Buddhaguhya Commentary.London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003. '

s

Hopkins, Jeffrey, trans. and ed. The Yoga of Tibet—The Great Exposition of Secret Mantra: 2 and 3.London: George Allen & Unwin, 1981. Kiyota, Minoru. Tantric Concept of Bodhicitta: A Buddhist Experiential Philosophy. Madison, WI: South Asian Area Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1982. Müller, Wilhelm Kuno. Shingon-Mysticism: Śubhākarasiṁha and I-hsing '

s Commentary

to the Mahāvairocana-sūtra, Chapter One—An Annotated Translation.Ph.D. dissertation, University of California Los Angeles, 1976. Tajima, R. Étude sur le Mahāvairocana-sūtra (Dainichikyō).Paris: Adrien Maisonneuve, 1936.

Wayman, Alex, and R. Tajima. The Enlightenment of Vairocana.Buddhist Tradition Series, Vol. 18. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1992. Yamamoto, Chikyo, trans. Mahāvairocana-sūtra.Śata-piṭaka Series, Vol. 359. New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture and Aditya Prakashan, 1990. 263

Glossary

ācārya:A teacher or master, especially one versed in Tantric Buddhism. argha:The act of respectfully receiving a guest (or deity) with various offerings; it can also refer to the offerings themselves, especially water (arghya). asura:A demigod, in perpetual conflict with gods (deva). bhūta:A spirit or demon.

bodhi:Spiritual awakening or enlightenment.

bodhi-mind (bodhicitta): Aspiration for enlightenment; also, the mind (citta) identical with enlightenment (bodhi).

bodhisattva ("enlightenment being"): One who has engendered the aspiration to achieve enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. The spiritual ideal of the Mahayana. See alsobodhi-mind; Mahayana.

ḍākinī:A type of female demon said to feed on human flesh. dhāraṇī:Originally, the ability to comprehend and retain the Buddhist teachings. It also came to refer to special verbal formulae believed to encapsulate the essence of the teachings and have great power. See alsomantra; vidyā. dharma:Element of existence in a broad sense, including material/physical and immaterial/mental phenomena; (good) quality. Dharma: The teaching or doctrine; ultimate truth or reality. Dharma body (dharmakāya): One of the three bodies of a buddha, equated with ultimate reality. See alsothree bodies.

Dharma realm (dharmadhātu): Literally, the objects (dharmas) of the mind in general. It also refers to the entire universe, or the fundamental reality underlying the phenomenal world. dhyāna:Meditation or contemplation.

265

Glossary

eighteen elements (aṣṭādaśa dhātavaḥ): The twelve sense fields and six consciousnesses, which together represent the constituent elements of existence. See also six consciousnesses; twelve sense fields. faith-and-understanding (adhimukti): The standard Chinese rendition of adhimukti,referring to religious conviction. five aggregates (pañcaskandha): The five constituent elements of individual existence— 1) form (rūpa), 2) perception (vedanā), 3) ideation (samjñā), 4) volition (saṃskāra), and 5) consciousness (vijñāna).

five desires (pañcakāma): The five desires that arise through contact with the five sense objects (form, sound, smell, taste, and tangible objects). See alsosix sense objects. five supernatural faculties (pañcābhijñā): Five supernatural powers—1) supernatural vision, 2) supernatural hearing, 3) the ability to know others' thoughts, 4) the ability to know former lives, and 5) the ability to perform miracles such as appearing anywhere at will. four Brahmic abodes (catvāro brahmavihārāḥ): Four states of meditation, also known as the "four immeasurables" (catvāry apramāṇāni) and characterized by 1) kindness (maitrī), 2) compassion (karuṇā), 3) sympathetic joy (muditā), and 4) equanimity (upekṣā).

four demons (caturmāra): Four causes of suffering and obstacles to practice—1) mental afflictions, 2) five aggregates, 3) death, and 4) the king of demons (Pāpīyas) in the Paranirmitavaśavartin Heaven.

four means of conversion (catvāri saṃgrahavastūni): 1) giving, 2) kind speech, 3) beneficial action, and 4) cooperation. gandharva:A class of heavenly beings, famed for their musical skills. garuḍa:A type of mythical bird.

homa:A burnt offering; the act of making oblations to a deity by casting offerings of grain, etc., into a fire. The actual performance of such a ritual is called "external homa,

" while the accompanying meditation to extinguish mental afflictions, etc., is called "internal homa.

"

Jina: Literally,

"victor"; a designation for a Buddha.

kiṃnara:A class of heavenly beings, often associated with music. koṭi:A large number, a crore.

lakṣa:One hundred thousand.

266

Glossary

Lord of Mysteries (guhyakādhipati): An epithet of Vajrapāṇi. The Sanskrit might be more literally rendered as "Lord (or Master) of Secret Ones, " the "secret ones"

(guhyaka) being a class of demigods whose leader is Vajrapāṇi. See alsoVajrapāṇi. Mahāvairocana: A designation of the chief deity in Tantric Buddhism, corresponding to the Dharma body and to be distinguished from Vairocana (although the two are sometimes used interchangeably). When the Chinese translation of the Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi-sūtrahas "Dari, " which can be taken in either sense, it has generally been rendered in light of the Tibetan translation. See alsoDharma body; Tantric Buddhism; Vairocana.

Mahayana ("Great Vehicle"): A form of Buddhism that developed in India around 100 B.C.E.and which exalts as its religious ideal the bodhisattva. See alsobodhisattva. mahoraga:A type of mythical snake.

maṇḍala("circle"): In Tantric Buddhism, a square or circular site in which deity images, etc., are installed for the performance of rituals. In the Chinese translation of the Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi-sūtrathe word maṇḍalais either transliterated or variously rendered as "circle,

" "altar,

" or "circular altar.

" See also Tantric Buddhism.

mantra: A mystic or incantatory formula used in the rituals of Tantric Buddhism. See alsodhāraṇī; Tantric Buddhism; vidyā.

mantrin:A person who recites mantras and engages in the associated practices. Māra: The original meaning of the word mārais "death, " and it also came to signify the

personification of death or the Evil One (Māra). In Buddhism four types of māras, or demons, are distinguished. See alsofour demons. mind-king (cittarāja): The mind as opposed to mental functions, which are likened to retainers attending upon a king.

mudrā("seal"): Generally, a ritual hand gesture used in the rituals of Tantric Buddhism; usually rendered in Chinese as "seal.

" It can also refer to a symbolic object representing a deity. See alsoseal; Tantric Buddhism. nāga: A class of serpentlike beings; usually rendered in Chinese as "dragon. "

nayuta:A high number.

nirvana: The final goal of Buddhist aspiration and practice, a state in which mental afflictions have been extinguished and the highest wisdom has been attained but the physical body still remains. See also parinirvāṇa. parinirvāṇa:Complete nirvana, or the state which a fully enlightened person enters at death.See alsonirvana.

267

Glossary

piśāca:A class of flesh-eating demons.

piśācī:The female counterpart of a piśāca.

pratyekabuddha("individually enlightened one"): A sage who has attained enlightenment without the guidance of a teacher and who intends neither to guide nor to teach others. rākṣasa:A class of malignant demons.

samādhi:A state of focused concentration or mental composure. samaya:In Tantric Buddhism, the "pledge" of the "coming together" of a deity with the practitioner, or a symbolic representation of this pledge. See alsoTantric Buddhism. seal: In Chinese Buddhist Tantric texts, either a ritual hand gesture (mudrā) or a symbolic object or insignia (mudrā, cihna) representing a deity. See also mudrā; Tantric Buddhism.

seed-syllable (bīja): A Sanskrit syllable believed to encapsulate the essence of a deity, element, etc.

siddhi:"Accomplishment" or "success,

" of which many different varieties are enumerated

in Tantric scriptures. See alsoTantric Buddhism.

six consciousnesses (ṣaḍvijñāna): The consciousnesses that arise from the contact of each of the six sense organs with their respective objects—1) eye (visual) consciousness, 2) ear (auditory) consciousness, 3) nose (olfactory) consciousness, 4) tongue (gustatory) consciousness, 5) body (tactile) consciousness, and 6) mind (mental) consciousness. See alsosix sense objects; six sense organs. six destinies (ṣaḍgati): Six states of transmigratory existence—1) hell, 2) hungry ghosts (preta), 3) animals, 4) demigods (asura), 5) humans, and 6) gods (deva); the first three are referred to as "evil destinies.

"

six pāramitās (ṣaṭpāramitā): Six "perfections" or basic practices of the bodhisattva— 1) giving (dāna), 2) morality or keeping the precepts (śīla), 3) forbearance or patience (kṣānti), 4) energy or effort (vīrya), 5) meditation (dhyāna), and 6) wisdom (prajñā). See alsobodhisattva.

six sense objects (ṣaḍviṣaya): The objects of perception associated with each of the six sense organs—1) form (or matter), 2) sound, 3) smell, 4) taste, 5) tangible objects, and 6) mental objects. See alsosix consciousnesses; six sense organs. six sense organs (ṣaḍindriya): 1) eyes, 2) ears, 3) nose, 4) tongue, 5) body, and 6) mind. See alsosix consciousnesses; six sense objects.

268

Glossary

śrāvaka("listener"): Originally, a disciple of the historical Buddha, one who directly heard his teachings. Later used as a general term for followers of early Buddhism, to distinguish them from adherents of Mahayana and Tantric Buddhism. See also Mahayana; Tantric Buddhism.

Sugata: Literally,

ignation for a Buddha.

"he who has attained happiness" (or "he who has gone well"); a des-Tantric Buddhism: A form of Buddhism that evolved through the blending of the teachings of Mahayana Buddhism with the techniques for realization described in texts called tantras, involving the extensive use of mantras, mudrās, maṇḍalas, and ritual. In its form as it developed in East Asia in particular, it is often referred to as Esoteric Buddhism. See alsoMahayana; maṇḍala;mantra; mudrā.

Tathāgata: Literally,

"he who has thus gone (or come)"; a designation for a Buddha. ten directions (daśadiś): The four cardinal points, the four intermediate directions, the zenith, and the nadir; a term used to mean "in all directions, " "everywhere.

"

tenfold freedom (daśavaśitā): Ten kinds of supernatural power with which a person seeking enlightenment is said to be endowed—freedom in 1) longevity, 2) mind, 3) adornments (or possessions), 4) action, 5) birth, 6) liberation (or conviction), 7) vow, 8) supernatural faculties, 9) the Dharma, and 10) knowledge. ten powers [of wisdom] (daśa balāni): The ten powers of a Buddha; the powers to 1) distinguish right and wrong in every situation; 2) recognize the karmic relationships between all actions in the past, present, and future; 3) understand all stages of meditation, liberation, and concentration; 4) judge the superiority or inferiority of the mental capabilities of sentient beings; 5) know the inclinations and motivations of all sentient beings; 6) know the differences in the dispositions of sentient beings; 7) know all the destinies that sentient beings will follow; 8) know the former existences of oneself and others; 9) know the future existences of sentient beings; and 10) know one's own eradication of all defilements.

ten stages (daśabhūmi): The ten stages in the career of a bodhisattva. See alsobodhisattva. three ages (tryadhvan): Past, present, and future.

three bodies (trikāya): The three bodies, or manifestations, of a Buddha—1) the Dharma body (dharmakāya), or ultimate truth; 2) the enjoyment body (saṃ bho gakāya), a symbolic personification of the Dharma body assumed by a Buddha both as a reward for eons of practice and in order to teach bodhisattvas and others; and 3) the transformation body (nirmāṇakāya), an "incarnate" or "historically manifested" body of a buddha, such as Śākyamuni, that appears in the world to guide sentient beings in a manner adapted to their situations and capacities. See alsoDharma body. 269

Glossary

three mysteries: 1) the mystery of the body, 2) the mystery of speech, and 3) the mystery of the mind. In a narrow sense they refer to the hand gestures (mudrās), mantras, and visualizations employed in the meditative practices of Tantric Buddhism, whereby the practitioner seeks to attune his physical, verbal, and mental activities to those of a particular deity, but on a universal plane everything is regarded as a manifestation of the three mysteries of Mahāvairocana. See alsoMahāvairocana; mantra; mudrā;Tantric Buddhism.

three poisons (tridoṣa): The three basic mental afflictions—1) desire or greed, 2) hatred or anger, and 3) ignorance or delusion.

three realms (tridhātu): The three spheres of transmigratory existence—1) the realm of desire (kāmadhātu), i.e., the world of everyday consciousness accompanied by desires; 2) the realm of form (rūpadhātu), in which desires have been eliminated but the physical body remains; and 3) the realm of non-form (ārūpyadhātu), in which the physical body no longer exists.

twelve sense fields (dvādaśa āyatanāni): The six sense organs and their corresponding six sense objects. See alsosix sense objects; six sense organs. udāna:A joyous or inspired utterance, generally in verse. uṣṇīṣa:The swelling of flesh or topknot of hair on the head of a buddha; also personified as a class of deities rendered in Chinese as "Buddha-Crown" (or sometimes "Tathāgata-Crown"). Vairocana: A buddha and the expositor of the Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi-sūtra; he corresponds to the enjoyment body (saṃbhogakāya), as opposed to Mahāvairocana, who represents the Dharma body. See alsoMahāvairocana; three bodies. vajra:A diamond and, by extension, anything hard and indestructible; a ritual implement shaped like a bolt and having one, three, or five prongs at each end. vajradhara:Literally,

"vajra-holder.

" A designation given to beings who engage in

Tantric practices and often used in contrast to "bodhisattva. " It is also used as an

alternative name for Vajrapāṇi. See alsoTantric Buddhism; Vajrapāṇi. Vajrapāṇi ("Vajra-in-Hand"): A bodhisattva who is in Tantric Buddhism generally equated with Vajrasattva. See alsoTantric Buddhism; Vajrasattva.

Vajrasattva ("Adamantine Being"): A bodhisattva associated with the awakening of the aspiration for enlightenment (bodhicitta,or bodhi-mind). In the Vairocanābhi saṃbodhi-sūtrahe is usually referred to as "Lord of Mysteries" and serves as Vairocana's interlocutor. See also bodhi-mind; Lord of Mysteries. vidyā:The primary meaning of this term is "knowledge" or "science, " but it also came

to mean "magical power" or "spell.

" See also dhāraṇī; mantra.

270

Glossary

vidyādhara:Literally,

"knowledge/spell-holder"; beings either human or supernatural who possess magical powers (vidyā) due to their mastery of spells (vidyā). vidyārāja:Literally,

"spell-king"; the male personification of an especially potent spell (vidyā), who usually assumes a fearsome appearance in order to subjugate and convert obdurate nonbelievers. See also vidyā. vidyārājñī:Literally,

"spell-consort"; the female counterpart of a vidyārāja. yakṣa:A class of semidivine beings originally regarded as possessing a generally benevolent disposition, although they are sometimes classed with more malignant spirits. yakṣiṇī:The female counterpart of a yakṣa. yoga:Literally,

"yoking"; any practice or path that leads to a mystical experience or spiritual union. In Tantric Buddhism it refers to meditative or visualization practices, such as deityyoga. See also Tantric Buddhism. yogin:A practitioner of yoga.

yoginī: The female counterpart of a yogin. 271

Index

A

A 42, 55, 56, 64, 68, 73, 74, 78, 79, 81, 82, 85, 86, 89, 94, 95, 97, 100, 145, 149, 159, 160, 180, 183, 220, 221, 236, 237, 238, 255, 256, 260 Ā 64, 74, 152

Abhaya 97

Abhayaṃdada (see alsoSarva sattvā bha yaṃ dada) 110, 142 ābhicāruka 256

Abhimānin 191

Abhimukha 64, 76, 113 Abhyudgata (see alsoAbhyud ga toṣṇīṣa) 139

Abhyudgatoṣṇīṣa (see alsoAbhyudgata) 32, 114

Acala 22, 31, 55, 56, 138, 219, 223, 225, 228, 246, 248

Acalanātha 22, 63, 65, 97, 114, 129, 219, 223, 224, 227, 228, 248, 252 ācārya 17, 18, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 95, 96, 97, 98, 126, 128, 129, 131, 132, 159, 160, 161, 240, 250, 257

accomplishment(s) (see also siddhi) 7, 16, 69, 72, 74, 78, 91, 120, 127, 173, 175, 179, 205, 211, 230, 249, 250, 256 rite(s) of 18, 70, 72, 77, 82, 83, 87, 188, 209, 237

of siddhi 78, 94, 156, 229 Acintyamati 35, 67, 111, 142 action-vajra(see also karma-vajra) 246, 247, 260

adamantine 54, 56, 76, 80, 81, 82, 151, 157, 216, 220, 224, 234, 243, 257 armor 58, 217, 226, 244 fist(s) 130, 215, 223, 226, 238 hand-clasp 221, 235

light 151, 226

palace 3, 70

seat 76, 93, 103

wisdom 76, 81, 82, 97, 98, 99, 103, 114, 136

Adamantine Dharma 213 Adamantine Needle (see alsoVajrasūcī) 61

Adamantine Pinnacle Sutra(see also Sarva tathāgata tattva saṃ graha) xiii, 245

Ādideva 9

Āditya 9, 33, 63, 116, 141, 160 Agni 9, 19, 27, 33, 47, 97, 115, 140, 193, 258

Aḥ 65, 74, 164

Āḥ 48, 60, 98, 103, 105, 110 Āhavanīya (see alsoAvahanika) 259 Ai 163

Ākarṣaṇī 34, 110, 141 Ākāśagarbha 35, 59, 99, 108, 143, 256 Akṣobhya 21

ālaya(see also consciousness, store-) 8, 13, 148

almsbowl 98, 104, 113, 139, 239 Aṃ 56, 65, 74, 79, 90, 97, 100, 149, 164, 173, 175, 179, 236, 239, 254, 258 Amitāyus 21, 29, 148

273

Index

Amṛta 192

Anantasattvadhātuparitrāṇa 3 Anantasvaraghoṣa (see alsoAnantasvara ghoṣoṣṇīṣa) 32, 139 Anantasvaraghoṣoṣṇīṣa (see alsoAnanta svaraghoṣa) 114 Aṅgiras 140

aṅkuśi 141

anuttarā samyaksaṃbodhi 5, 23, 169, 245 Anuttarayoga Tantras xiii Aparājita 33, 62, 66, 113, 114, 139 Aparājitā 33, 62, 114, 139 Apāyaṃjaha (see alsoSarvā pāyaṃ jaha) 110

Aprapañcavihārin 3, 26, 49, 138 araṇya(s) 19, 210

arara 53, 228, 253

argha 49, 54, 79, 219, 221, 223, 224, 227, 244

arhat 4

Asakta 49

Āśāparipūraka 49

asura(s) 5, 6, 10, 11, 64, 68, 73, 81, 101 Atharvaṇa 116, 191, 258 Au 163

Avahanika 192

Avalokiteśvara 29, 30, 60, 65, 97, 108, 131, 136, 148, 157, 222, 245 Avataṃsaka-sūtra 252

awakening (see also bodhi;enlightenment) 5, 6, 8, 16, 20, 23, 42, 70, 105, 120, 129, 131, 164, 169, 174, 176, 183, 187, 213

B

Ba 43, 163, 180, 181

Bha 43, 163, 180, 181

Bhadracaryāpraṇidhāna. See Sam anta bhadra '

s Vow of Practice

bhadrāsana 260

274

Bhagavān 3, 17, 20, 27, 53, 57, 63, 72, 74, 75, 100, 101, 119, 123, 124, 135, 155, 159, 165, 173, 175, 189, 199, 251 Bhaḥ 66, 98, 222, 239

Bhakṣa 192

Bharata. SeePitara

bhāsas (vulture) 140

Bhogavatī 137

bhṛkuṭi 98, 104, 226

Bhṛkuṭī 29, 60, 65, 109, 137, 222 bhūtas 68

birth (see alsobirth-and-death) 4, 16, 25, 40, 43, 46, 53, 79, 97, 100, 130, 134, 135, 145, 151, 152, 173, 180, 181, 185, 186, 191, 213, 215, 222 birth-and-death (see alsorebirth; transmigration) 8, 9, 11, 77, 96, 101, 127, 165, 168, 212, 214, 243 bodhi(see alsoawakening; enlightenment) 5, 6, 7, 8, 18, 24, 39, 42, 64, 65, 70, 72, 85, 99, 101, 103, 125, 135, 164, 167, 171, 173, 175, 185, 187, 188, 189, 192, 214, 221, 225, 243 mind of (see also bodhi-mind) 36, 105, 212

place, site of (see also bodhimaṇḍa) 84, 174, 213

bodhicitta. See bodhi-mind bodhimaṇḍa(see also bodhi,place, site of) 39, 84

bodhi-mind xv, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 17, 18, 22, 46, 51, 55, 69, 72, 74, 79, 80, 93, 94, 98, 99, 118, 120, 128, 129, 130, 133, 156, 160, 169, 180, 187, 195, 197, 207, 208, 211, 213, 234, 244, 254 bodhisattva(s) 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 15, 18, 24, 25, 26, 28, 34, 35, 39, 40, 49, 51, 52, 53, 57, 59, 60, 63, 64, 68, 72, 74, 77, 78, 79, 80, 85, 86, 93, 94, 97, 98, 99, 101, 102, 109, 111, 112, 114, 117, 118, 119, 120, 123, 125, 127, 133, 134, 135,

138, 139, 142, 147, 148, 149, 151, 155, 160, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 173, 176, 188, 189, 191, 195, 197, 199, 200, 204, 210, 213, 222, 224, 229, 234, 235, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 251, 254 great 3, 100, 247

of great renown 22, 35, 84, 93, 189 practices 14, 15, 57, 77, 78, 79, 85, 86, 93, 94, 118, 120, 135, 151, 155, 165, 176, 191, 197, 199, 200, 247 world-saving 41, 80, 91, 145, 244 bodhi-seat 81, 94, 96, 125 Bodhivajra. SeeVajrabodhi body, speech, and mind 26, 124, 125, 148, 156, 207, 211, 212, 215, 255, 256, 259 equality of 3, 125, 258

three mysteries of 251

Brahmā 5, 9, 33, 39, 56, 62, 114, 116, 129, 140, 157, 160, 191, 192 Brahmaloka 191

brahman(s) 160, 192

Brahmāṇī 9, 114, 140

Brahmodana 191

Broad Vehicle (see alsoVaipulya) 205, 206

Buddha (see alsoŚākyamuni; Tathā gata) xv, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 14, 17, 19, 23, 25, 26, 38, 39, 41, 44, 50, 51, 52, 57, 72, 74, 78, 80, 83, 91, 93, 94, 104, 123, 128, 132, 133, 134, 143, 145, 152, 155, 156, 159, 160, 161, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 173, 174, 175, 177, 187, 194, 197, 203, 204, 207, 208, 221, 222, 224, 231, 239, 259 Dharma (see alsoDharma) 20, 168 Family 46

son(s) 18, 22, 26, 33, 34, 42, 50, 51, 52, 53, 82, 103, 125, 127, 132, 135, 136, 138, 140, 141, 151, 160, 163, 203, 214, 220

Index

buddha(s) 4, 7, 8, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 37, 39, 40, 42, 44, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 74, 76, 77, 80, 82, 85, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 97, 99, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 123, 124, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 148, 149, 151, 152, 155, 163, 167, 174, 175, 176, 180, 188, 189, 203, 210, 211, 212, 213, 219, 220, 222, 224, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 233, 235, 237, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 253, 256, 260

attributes of (see alsothirty-two attributes of a buddha, great person, Guiding Teacher) 7, 14 -bodies (see alsothree bodies) 205 deeds 52, 93, 94, 173, 174, 176, 188, 229

fields, lands 3, 52, 53, 89, 91, 120, 147, 173, 213, 221

mother of (see alsoBuddha-Mother) 28, 63, 114, 138

stage. Seestage(s)

Buddha-Crown(s) (see alsoFive Crowns; Tathāgata-Crown) 41, 61, 114 Three 32, 66

Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha (see also Three Jewels) 168, 188, 203, 259 Buddhaguhya xiv, xv, 252, 253, 255, 257, 258, 259

Buddhalocanā 32, 114, 139, 222 Buddha-Mother (see alsobuddha[s], mother of) 22

Buddhism (see alsoEsoteric Buddhism; Tantric Buddhism) xiii, xvi Bukesiyi xiv

burnt offerings (see also homa) 194 275

Index

C

Ca 43, 163, 180, 181 caitya(s) 19, 40, 245 cakravartin 216, 222 Cāmuṇḍā 116

Candra 9, 33, 63, 116, 141, 160 Candratilaka 30

Cāritramati 35, 67, 112, 143 Caryā Tantra xiii cause(s) xv, 5, 8, 9, 14, 40, 44, 55, 78, 83, 84, 129, 166, 167, 181, 209, 252, 254, 255

and action 50, 78, 83, 199 and conditions 13, 24, 39, 63, 80, 168, 207, 247

and result 40, 41, 78, 83, 135 twelve, of dependent arising 13 celibate(s) 160, 207 Cha 48, 163, 180, 181 China xiv, xvi

Chinese xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261

cintāmaṇi(see also maṇi, maṇi-gem) 29, 77, 82, 97, 111, 114, 142, 179, 235 Citrā 34, 66, 141 compassion xv, 5, 6, 18, 22, 46, 48, 50, 60, 72, 75, 85, 99, 105, 109, 110, 111, 125, 130, 142, 180, 187, 193, 206, 208, 211, 230

great 23, 24, 29, 93, 127, 135, 166, 238, 243, 244

consciousness(es) 6, 8, 133 six 13

store- (see also ālaya) 8 "Continuation Tantra. " See Uttara-tantra culmination xv, 5, 252 D

Da 43, 163, 180, 181 Ḍa 43, 163, 180, 181 276

ḍākinīs 68, 117

dāna. Seegiving

dānapati 246

daṇḍa 33, 97, 98, 115, 140 Dāruṇa 192

deity(ies) (see alsodivinity) xvi, 24, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 44, 45, 46, 57, 69, 74, 98, 131, 132, 134, 135, 136, 138, 143, 151, 176, 183, 194, 197, 201, 207, 211, 222, 223, 228, 233, 234, 236, 238, 239, 240, 244, 246, 248, 252, 254, 255, 256, 259 maṇḍala 26, 57, 240 mantra 200, 219, 224, 255 physical form(s) of xvi, 131, 151, 197, 234

seed-syllables of xvi, 124 symbolic objects of xvi wrathful 31, 222

demon(s) 33, 125, 216, 217, 226, 239 four 39, 80, 125, 174 dependent arising 13, 15, 73, 176, 249 destiny(ies) 4, 6, 39, 42, 71, 101, 189, 229, 230

evil 36, 118, 167 six 80, 206

deva. Seegod

Dha 43, 163, 180, 181 Ḍha 43, 163, 180, 181 dhāraṇīs 7, 152, 173, 221, 253 Dharaṇiṃdhara 35, 67, 111, 142 Dharaṇiṃdharā 33

Dhāraṇīpratilabdha 254 Dhāraṇīśvararāja 49 dharma(s) 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11-12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 26, 37, 40, 42-43, 44, 48, 50, 51, 53, 57, 59, 61, 72, 89, 108, 113, 123, 124, 125, 126, 133, 148, 156, 160, 166, 167, 168, 171, 175, 180-81, 182, 183, 185, 187, 189, 207, 208, 213, 219, 221, 225, 226, 235, 236, 237, 243, 245

-marks 123, 148

three 101, 171, 187, 215, 255, 258 Dharma (see alsoBuddha, Dharma, and Sangha; Right Dharma) 3, 4, 7, 12, 16, 17, 18, 20, 23, 24, 25, 27, 31, 40, 44, 51, 54, 57, 59, 64, 68, 71, 77, 78, 81, 87, 93, 94, 95, 102, 107, 112, 123, 125, 131, 152, 153, 169, 177, 187, 203, 208, 210, 211, 214, 221, 227, 230, 238, 245, 250, 259, 260 Adamantine 212

Buddha's 20, 168

conch 50, 102

gateway 3, 17, 51, 59, 119, 120, 166, 167, 203

-phrases 41, 59, 71, 74

-thusness 20, 42

wheel 46, 50, 84, 99, 102, 121, 157, 216

Dharma body (see alsothree bodies) 90, 148, 214, 216

Dharma-Buddha 40

dharmadhātu.See Dharma realm dharmakāya.See Dharma body Dharma King, Lord 72, 94

Dharma-nature 13, 73

Dharma realm 3, 7, 17, 21, 37, 42, 43, 46, 49, 52, 53, 59, 64, 65, 71, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 95, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 123, 124, 125, 130, 132, 135, 147, 148, 165, 173, 179, 214, 215, 216, 217, 221, 228, 229, 231, 243, 244, 245, 246, 248

dhyāna(see alsomeditation) 233, 240 divinity(ies) (see alsodeity) 28, 79, 95, 126, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 134, 135, 151, 157, 192, 233, 234, 244, 245, 249

dPal-brtsegs xiv

Dṛḍhādhyāśaya 35, 67, 112, 143 Dundubhisvara 148

Index

Durdharṣa 64, 76, 97, 113, 256 E

E 163

Earth-bearing God. SeeDharaṇiṃ dharā Earth Goddess. SeePṛthivī East Asia xiii, xvi

eighteen elements 6, 13, 15, 213 empowerment 4, 22, 40, 42, 46, 48, 53, 73, 75, 93, 94, 148, 203, 219, 221, 229, 231, 233, 238, 244, 245 emptiness 9, 10, 14, 15, 38, 39, 41, 84, 91, 94, 95, 133, 161, 180, 183, 213, 238, 253, 258

dot(s) of 46, 55, 56, 79, 81, 83, 84, 90, 95, 97, 100, 136, 137, 149, 152, 217, 235, 236, 238, 253

empty (see alsoemptiness) 15, 38, 57, 71, 77, 78, 176, 177, 180, 183, 189, 199 empty space (see alsospace) 5, 6, 8, 14, 15, 16, 20, 25, 39, 43, 44, 70, 71, 73, 75, 79, 84, 94, 123, 125, 129, 134, 135, 140, 152, 161, 176, 179, 180, 185, 189, 216, 220, 226, 229, 230, 236, 255 realm(s) of 6, 173, 174, 179 enlightenment (see also awakening; bodhi) xv, 25, 247, 252

equality 21, 59, 93, 107, 108, 125, 145, 206, 208, 236, 252, 257

of all dharmas 15, 108, 166 of body, speech, and mind 3, 4, 125, 258

Esoteric Buddhism (see alsoTantric Buddhism) xiii

expedient(s), expedient means xv, 5, 6, 14, 18, 20, 40, 57, 70, 72, 77, 78, 81, 123, 125, 132, 133, 148, 161, 165, 166, 167, 169, 205, 208, 212, 213, 214, 221, 224, 233, 237, 239, 240, 244, 245, 247, 249, 250, 258 277

Index

F

faith 18, 23, 24, 57, 72, 73, 169, 188, 205, 206, 231

faith-and-understanding 3, 7, 14, 17, 18, 57, 73, 117, 147, 194, 205, 210, 231, 249

fearlessness 9, 14, 15, 98, 104, 110, 115, 142, 234

Fire God. SeeAgni

Fire of Wisdom. SeeMahendra five aggregates 13, 15, 213 Five Crowns (see alsoBuddha-Crown; Tathāgata-Crown) 32 five desires 77, 210 five supernatural faculties (see also supernatural, faculties) 4, 7, 91, 133 four Brahmic abodes 42 four demons. Seedemons, four four means of conversion (see alsogateways, four, to deliverance) 14, 169, 259

Fullness of Action 193 G

Ga 43, 97, 163, 180, 255 Gaganagañja 75, 221, 229, 231 Gaganalocanā 22, 28, 63, 65, 97 Gaganāmala 3, 35, 49, 67, 112, 138, 143, 256

Gaganamati 35, 67, 112, 143 Gaganānantavikrama 138 Gaganasaṃbhava 3

Gaganavikrama 3

gandha 55

gandharva(s) 4, 6, 64, 101, 116 city 13, 15, 16, 133 Garga 140

garuḍa(s) 6, 10, 11, 64, 101 Garuḍa 9

gateway(s) 7, 24, 71, 75, 173, 179, 188, 237

278

Dharma, to the Dharma, Dharma realm 3, 17, 51, 69, 74, 119, 120, 166, 167, 203

four, to deliverance (see alsofour means of conversion) 208 four-limbed dhyāna 233, 240 letter-, of letters 42-43, 46, 55, 56, 68, 78, 79, 82, 84, 85, 89, 90, 94, 95, 96, 97, 100, 119, 120, 163, 217, 222, 226, 228, 234, 235, 236, 237, 239, 245, 248

mantra, of mantras 3, 14, 15, 57, 72, 77, 78, 79, 85, 86, 93, 94, 118, 120, 123, 135, 151, 155, 176, 188, 197, 199, 200, 209, 244, 247 to omniscience 95, 168 samādhi, to samādhi 44, 182, 183 to the three mysteries 235, 237 vocal 74, 123

gāthā(s) 49, 50, 94 Gautama 140

Gha 43, 163, 180

ghaṇṭā 103, 115

giving 43, 147, 166, 167, 181, 208, 259 god(s) 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 19, 39, 64, 70, 72, 73, 81, 83, 101, 103, 130, 133, 157, 199, 207, 210, 251, 258 earth-dwelling 149 fire 191, 193, 194 moon 192

mundane 41, 64, 130, 134, 145, 207 Paranirmitavaśavartin 73 of Pure Abode 68, 73, 140 sun 192

Golden Wheel (see also cakra vartin) 222 Great Awakened One 173, 220, 243 Great Being (see also mahāsattva, Mahāsattva) 38, 45, 56 Greater Tang dynasty 1 Great Muni (see also mahāmuni, Mahāmuni; Muni) 7, 126, 171, 175, 189

Great Seer 135

Great Self(ves) 24, 32, 35, 141, 149, 175 Great Striving Hero (see also mahā vīra; Striving Hero) 7, 36, 39, 127, 169, 175

Great Vehicle (see alsoMahayana) 4, 8, 13, 16, 18, 23, 24, 25, 37, 81, 165, 166, 167, 175, 208, 211, 243, 244, 245, 247

Great Wish-fulfilling Jewel 139 Guide 207, 220

Guiding Teacher(s) 98, 126, 127, 136, 148, 185, 188, 189, 230, 231, 245 H

Ha 43, 55, 79, 83, 84, 86, 96, 180, 181, 220, 248, 255, 256 Haṃ 83, 238, 260 hand-clasp (see also saṃpuṭa) 111, 116 adamantine 221, 235 hollow 101, 102, 106, 107, 108, 109, 151, 152, 235

of homage 102, 224, 244 Havana 191

Haviṣya 192

Havyavāhana 191 Hayagrīva 30, 60, 65, 109, 137, 222 hetu. See cause Hitādhyāśayin 49 Holder of Adamantine Wisdom (see also Vajrapāṇi) 27, 30, 37 homa(see alsoburnt offering) 37, 47, 48, 126, 127, 130, 131, 134, 191, 192, 194, 259

external 130, 193, 194 internal 130, 131, 193, 194, 195 householder(s) 160, 169, 210 Hūṃ 70, 97, 137, 160 human(s) 4, 5, 6, 14, 68, 72, 83, 100, 101, 103, 123, 130, 133, 155, 157, 169, 179, 189, 246 Index

I

I 99, 120, 163

Ī 99, 163

India, Indian xiii, xiv, xvi, 1, 252 Indo-Tibetan xvii indra(see also mahendra) 81, 82, 86, 139, 141, 142, 156, 220 Indra 41, 253

Indra's net 133 initiation xvi, 23, 173, 175 rites xvi, 255

insignia 30, 86, 101, 117, 124, 132, 137, 140, 141, 142, 147, 152, 215, 226, 234, 240

Īśvara 8, 9, 10, 11, 32, 72, 115, 134 J

Ja 43, 163, 180, 181 Jalendra 65

Jālinīprabha 34, 66, 98, 109, 141 Jāṃ 98

Jambū River 221 Japan, Japanese xv, xvi Jaṭhara 192, 193 Jayā 33, 116, 141 Jayoṣṇīṣa 32, 66, 114, 139 Jha 43, 163, 180, 181 jihva 117

jina 21, 100, 104 Jina 205, 219, 249 Jueyuan xv

K

Ka 43, 95, 97, 163, 180, 235, 236, 258 kalala(see also karara) 53, 253 Kālarātri 33, 62, 115, 140, 160 kalaśa(s) 45, 137, 140, 141, 152 Kāmada 192

kapāla 116, 140 karara(see also kalala) 228, 253 Karkoṭaka 9

279

Index

karma 4, 13, 14, 42, 94, 123, 125, 127, 131, 134, 135, 194, 252 karma-vajra(see also action-vajra) 136, 143

Karma-Vajrasattva 96, 99, 148, 260 Karuṇāmṛḍita (see alsoMahā karuṇā mṛḍita) 35, 111, 142 Kāruṇya 49

kāṣāya 31, 98, 139, 222 Kāśyapa 140

Kauberī 140

Kaumārī 115, 140

Kautūhala 34, 66, 110, 142 Keśinī 34, 66, 110, 141 ketu 77, 140

Kha 43, 84, 161, 163, 180, 226, 235, 238 khaḍga 56, 77, 84, 97, 99, 102, 116 Khaṃ 84, 161, 226, 235, 238 khaṅgari 142

kīlakam 56

kiṃnara(s) 6, 64, 68, 101 King of Gods (see alsoŚakra, Śakra Devendra) 14, 33

Korean xiv

kośa(see alsotreasury) 123 Kravyāda 193, 259

Krodhacandratilaka 61, 113 Kṛtānta 192

Kṣaṃ 98

Kṣaya 193

Kṣitigarbha 35, 60, 99, 109, 111, 142, 222

Kubera 9, 140

Kūkai xvi

Kulika 9

Kumāra 140

L

La 43, 90, 163, 180, 181 lakṣa(s) 69, 75, 77, 78, 156, 201, 237, 259 lakṣaṇa(see alsomark) 43, 181, 259 280

Laṃ 90

letter(s) 33, 42, 46, 49, 55, 56, 69, 73, 78, 79, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 90, 94, 95, 97-99, 100, 120, 137, 145, 149, 151, 159-60, 163-64, 173, 180-81, 183, 193, 216, 217, 219, 220, 221, 222, 226, 233, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 244, 246, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258 -gateway, gateway of 42-43, 46, 55, 56, 68, 78, 79, 82, 84, 85, 89, 90, 94, 95, 96, 97, 100, 119, 120, 163, 217, 222, 226, 228, 234, 235, 236, 239, 245, 248

heart- 245, 246

hundred (see also vidyā,hundred-lettered) 171, 173, 175, 179, 183, 235, 258, 260

wheel of 93, 119-121, 160 Liao dynasty xv

lion 10, 12, 174

throne 3, 220, 251

Lion of the Śākyas (see alsoŚākya siṃha) 18, 19, 32 Lokanātha 9

Lokavidyārājñī 66

Lord. SeeBhagavan

Lord of Creatures. SeeBrahmā Lord of Goblins. SeeNairṛti Lord of Mysteries (see alsoVajra pāṇi) 3-16, 17-18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 26, 36, 40-41, 42, 44, 49, 51-52, 55, 57, 59, 68, 69, 72, 77-78, 79, 80, 84, 86, 89, 94, 97, 101, 117, 119, 120, 124, 126, 128, 135, 136, 137, 138, 148, 151, 152, 159, 163, 165-69, 173, 174, 175, 176-77, 179, 180, 182, 183, 187, 188, 189, 191, 192, 193, 194, 197, 199-200, 201, 251

Lord of the World. SeePrajāpati Lord of Vajradharas. SeeVajrapāṇi Lord of Water. SeeVaruṇa

lunar

disc 69, 84, 131, 151, 176, 236, 254 mansion(s) 19, 117, 127. 203 M

Ma 44, 163, 180, 182

Mahābhāga 138

Mahābrahmā 191

Mahākaruṇāmṛḍita (see alsoKaruṇā mṛḍita) 67 Mahākrodha 257

Mahāmaitryabhyudgata 35, 67, 111, 142 mahāmuni,Mahāmuni (see alsoGreat Muni) 96, 175

Mahānārāyaṇabalin 3

Mahāpadma 9

Mahāphaṇi 9

mahāsattva(s), Mahāsattva (see also Great Being) 23, 26, 35, 49, 55, 89, 159,165, 175

mahāseal. Seeseal, great Mahāsthāmaprāpta 29, 60, 65, 108, 137 Mahāvaipulya-sūtrendrarāja xiii Mahāvairocana (see alsoVairocana) 7, 14, 55, 96, 97, 147, 159, 237 Mahāvairocana-sūtra (see also Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi-sūtra) xiv Mahāvairocana Sutra King(see also Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi-sūtra) 205 Mahāvajra 138

mahāvīra, Mahāvīra (see alsoGreat Striving Hero) 7, 21, 65 Mahayana (see alsoGreat Vehicle) xiv, xv, 4, 25, 127, 189

mahendra(see also indra) 81, 139, 220, 255

Mahendra 192

Maheśvara 73, 160

Mahodgata (see alsoMahod ga toṣ ṇīṣa) 139

Mahodgatoṣṇīṣa (see alsoMahod gata) 32 Index

mahoraga(s) 4, 5, 6, 64, 68, 101 Maitreya 3, 49, 59, 108, 148, 222 Māmakī 30, 61, 112, 137, 222 manas(see also mind) 194 maṇḍala(s) xvi, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 36, 37, 39, 44, 46, 47, 49, 51, 56, 59, 64, 70, 72, 74, 76, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 89, 95, 96, 98, 100, 118, 124, 126, 127, 128, 129, 132, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 145, 148, 149, 151, 152, 159, 177, 206, 240, 246, 253, 255, 257 "Born of Compassion,

" "Born of the

Matrix of Great Compassion, "

"Matrix of Great Compassion" xvi, 17, 19, 23, 28, 35, 51, 59, 95, 96, 126, 136, 175, 206, 240 deities, divinities 26, 57, 124, 151, 240 "Great King of Lotus Flowers" 100 practices 17, 93

secret 123, 127, 136, 145, 147 stations 57, 151

vajra 81, 255

"Which Generates the Buddhas" 23 wind 140, 143

Maṅgala 191

maṇi, maṇi-gem(s) (see also cintā maṇi) 25, 52, 139, 247, 221

Mañjughoṣa 141

Mañjuśrī 3, 34, 60, 65, 78, 96, 109, 110, 141, 222, 235

Mañjuśrīkumārabhūta 148 Manojava 32, 115

mantra(s) xvii, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 24, 34, 36, 39, 41, 42, 44, 47, 48, 49, 52, 53-54, 55, 56, 57, 59-68, 69, 72, 73, 74, 77, 78, 82, 89, 90, 91, 94, 98, 99, 102-117, 128, 130, 131, 132, 134, 135, 141, 145, 148, 151-52, 159, 160, 171, 175, 176, 183, 194, 200, 201, 203, 205, 206, 207, 211, 212-17, 219, 220, 281

Index

mantra(s) (continued)

223-28, 230, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 241, 244, 245, 246, 248, 250, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 260, 261 "birth in the Dharma realm" 53, 215 characteristics of 37, 40, 41, 42, 44, 78, 241

essence of 68, 159

gateway, gateway of 3, 14, 15, 57, 72, 77, 78, 79, 85, 86, 93, 94, 118, 120, 123, 135, 151, 155, 176, 188, 197, 199, 200, 209, 244, 247

heart- 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 74, 222, 225, 227, 234, 235, 237, 238, 245, 246, 248

instructions for, rules 46, 75, 121, 188 king of, sovereign 124, 125, 171, 175, 223

method 36, 41, 186, 183, 205 path 4, 18, 36, 37, 42, 44, 50, 73, 120, 125, 151

practice(s), practice of 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 36, 41, 70, 72, 74, 77, 81, 87, 89, 90, 95, 123, 125, 127, 134, 205, 206, 209, 244

practitioner (see also mantrin) 22, 24, 27, 31, 33, 34, 44, 45, 50, 55, 70, 95, 237, 243

reciting, recitation(s) xvi, 22, 24, 26, 27, 31, 33, 34, 44, 45, 50, 55, 69, 75, 80, 156, 201, 215, 228, 229, 233, 237, 239

samaya 57, 206, 224, 244

siddhi 16, 72, 90, 233

teachings 42, 69, 257

twelve-limbed 136

world-savior 171, 175, 176, 179, 185 mantra-lord 31, 136, 219

Mantra Vehicle 23, 24, 210, 231, 249 mantrin(see alsomantra, practitioner) 16, 20, 27, 32, 34, 69, 77, 78, 79, 86, 282

90, 91, 95, 98, 99, 105, 121, 124, 127, 132, 133, 134, 145, 149, 157, 160, 176, 201, 215, 222, 228, 229, 247 Māra 18, 19, 20, 84, 96, 104 mark(s) (see also lakṣaṇa) 33, 41, 52, 114, 234, 259

dharma- 123, 148

eighty minor, of a samyak saṃ buddha 182

seal- 140, 143

thirty-two, of a buddha (see alsothirtytwo attributes of a buddha, great person, Guiding Teacher) 256 Mārkaṇḍa 140

Māruta 191, 193

Mātṛs (see alsoMothers) 73, 76 meditation (see also dhyāna; samādhi; samāhita) 21, 52, 53, 72, 79, 94, 96, 101, 147, 148, 156, 157, 194, 215, 219, 238, 239, 248, 249, 255 Messenger 192

mind(s) (see alsobodhi-mind; body, speech, and mind) xv, 3, 4, 5 6, 7, 8, 9, 10-13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 27, 28, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 44, 45, 46, 52, 55, 56, 68, 70, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 85, 86, 89, 90, 93, 95, 98, 111, 120, 123, 124, 125, 129, 131, 132, 133, 135, 143, 148, 149, 168, 174, 176, 177, 179, 180, 187, 194, 197, 199, 201, 205, 206, 208, 209, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 223, 224, 226, 231, 233, 240, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 251, 252

-born 8, 148, 251

of bodhi(see also bodhi-mind) 36, 105, 212

Buddha's, of the Buddha, Perfectly Awakened One, Tathāgata 50, 51, 79, 187, 206, 221

characteristics of 6, 7, 10, 14

concentrated 21, 75, 95, 157 eight 13, 252

great 25, 36, 105, 212, 213 -ground 17, 128, 148, 220 -king 79, 194

-lord 13

mundane 13, 252 nature(s) of xv, 6, 13, 90, 215 one hundred and sixty 8, 10-13, 252 resolute 85, 206, 233 supramundane 13, 201 ten 14, 252

three 6, 14, 252 Mind-born 193

mindful, mindfulness 23, 45, 107, 199, 203, 211

four stations of 42 Mohana 193

Moon. SeeCandra Mother(s) (see alsoBuddha-Mother; Mātṛs; Seven Mothers) 62, 73, 148 Mother of Śākyamuni. SeeBuddhalocanā Mount Meru 56, 82 Mount Sumeru 10, 12, 33, 133 Mṛḍa 193, 194

Mṛtyu 62, 140

mudgara 84, 140 mudrā(s) (see alsoseal) xvi, 142, 197, 257

mūla. Seeroot

Muni (see alsoGreat Muni) 37, 85, 89, 96, 98, 171, 175, 221 N

Na 44, 180, 182 Ña 44, 180, 182 Ṅa 44, 180, 182 Ṇa 44, 180, 182 nāga(s) 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 33, 34, 35, 46, 62, 63, 64, 97, 99, 101, 116 Nairṛti 31, 33, 62, 97, 116, 138, 140 Index

Nanda 34, 46, 63, 116, 140 Nandopananda (see alsoNanda; Upa nanda) 116 Nārāyaṇa 9, 115, 116 Nārāyaṇabalin 3 Nārāyāṇī 115

Nidhi 192

Nīlavajra 138

nirvana (see also parinirvāṇa) 10, 65, 102, 125

non-birth 39, 93, 100, 236 non-Buddhist(s) 8, 13, 57, 165, 175 non-human(s) 5, 6, 101 no-self 13, 15, 22, 222 O

O 163

offering(s) (see alsoburnt offering) 9, 14, 20, 37, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 53, 77, 78, 94, 99, 126, 130, 134, 149, 194, 203, 214, 219, 221, 225, 227, 228, 229, 237, 243, 246, 247, 260 Oṃ 33, 193

omniscience, omniscient 14, 28, 57, 87, 95, 125, 127, 129, 164, 168, 243, 247, 249

omniscient one(s), Omniscient One 25, 36, 40, 64, 74, 80, 155, 164, 175, 186, 253

knowledge of xv, 4, 5, 6, 17, 18, 42, 80, 94, 167, 169, 179 ordinary beings, people, person (see also worldling) 8, 15, 20, 179, 199, 214, 252

own-nature 8, 13, 15, 71, 125, 148, 176, 180, 190, 199, 245, 248 of dharmas 15, 133, 221 of mind 14, 135, 199, 213 P

Pa 43, 163, 180, 181, 255 283

Index

padma 29, 32, 44, 79, 129, 136, 137, 139, 151

Padma 9

Padmapāṇi 4, 22, 160 Pāṇḍaravāsinī 29, 60, 65, 109, 137, 222, 253

Pāpīyas 125

Paramāśva (see also Supreme Adamantine Flame) 260 Paramavajrajvālānala (see alsoSu preme Adamantine Flame) 260 Paramavegha 3

pāramitā(s) 14, 19, 94, 221 of expedient means 6, 77 six 42, 101, 149, 215 Paranirmitavaśavartin 73 parinirvāṇa (see also nirvana) 120, 164, 188

Paritrāṇāśayamati 35, 67, 110, 142 Pārśvasaṃvīta 191 Pārthiva 191

paryavasāna. Seeculmination pauṣṭika(see alsorite, for increasing benefits) 192, 256 Pāvaka 191, 192 Pavamāna (see alsoVahamāna) 259 Pha 43, 163, 180, 181 piśāca(s) 68, 117, 157 piśācīs 117

Pitara 191, 258 "Practice Tantra. " SeeCaryā Tantra Pradīpoddyotana 259 Pragalbha 191

Prajāpati 160

prajñā 255

prajñāpāramitā 18 Prajñāpāramitā 96 Prathita 191, 258 pratyekabuddha(s) 4, 5, 14, 19, 25, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 63, 79, 80, 94, 123, 129, 133, 134, 205 precept(s) 9, 24, 25, 26, 51, 99, 133, 155, 156, 165, 166-68, 169, 209, 258 prohibitory 72, 155, 156, 191 ten xvi, 165, 166-68 unconditioned 7, 169 priyaṅgu 29, 30, 99, 253 Pṛthivī 19, 33, 62, 66, 115, 140, 160 Puṣkara. SeePuṣkaroda Puṣkaroda 191, 258 Q

quiescence, quiescent 8, 13, 41, 43, 75, 94, 95, 133, 181, 221 R

Ra 43, 46, 56, 83, 85, 86, 90, 95, 100, 145, 149, 160, 163, 180, 181, 216, 217, 219, 256

rākṣasa(s) 10, 12, 52, 68, 117, 157, 217 Raṃ 46, 49, 83, 228, 236, 238, 244, 245 Raśmimālin 32, 115 Ratnakara 66, 253, 257 Ratnākara 35, 67, 111, 142, 254, 257 Ratnaketu 21, 148 Ratnamudrāhasta 35, 67, 112, 143 Ratnamukuṭa 141 Ratnapāṇi 35, 67, 111, 142, 254, 257 realm(s) (see alsoDharma realm) 6, 13, 14, 73, 75, 78, 125, 127, 129, 214, 221 of beings 4, 17, 23, 24, 37, 52, 59, 75, 93, 98, 105, 110, 123, 135, 166, 179, 187, 211, 221, 230, 243 of desire 6, 72, 254 of empty space 6, 173, 174, 179 of form 6, 194, 254 of non-form 6, 254 objective 20, 86, 140, 194 three 230, 254

rebirth (see alsobirth-and-death; transmigration) 10, 12, 42, 123, 125, 127, 131, 134, 135, 167, 194 284

recitation(s) xvi, 15, 70, 76, 81, 156, 179, 201, 215, 233, 236, 237, 247, 249, 259, 260, 261 four-limbed 237, 254, 259, 260 preliminary 69, 70, 237 Right Dharma 212

rite(s) 27, 83, 85, 87, 99, 120, 126, 137, 206, 223, 226, 233, 235, 237, 249, 254, 256

of accomplishment 18, 70, 72, 77, 82, 83, 188, 209, 237 concentration 100 external 229, 248 food 126, 246

for increasing benefits (see also pauṣṭika) 192, 193, 194 for quelling calamities (see also śāntika) 192, 193

four-limbed 237

initiation xvi, 255 internal 248

mental 201, 237

of recitation 69, 247 yoga 249

ritual 20, 28, 47, 57, 79, 95, 126, 131, 132, 136, 138, 145, 206, 209, 219, 226, 228, 240, 243, 248, 250 hand gestures (see alsoseal) xvi homa 191, 259

instructions 45, 46, 47, 95, 100, 121, 125, 129, 143, 248 manual(s) xiv-xv, xvi, 259 rules 205, 233, 235, 240 site 55, 129, 132, 206, 220 teachings 145, 151, 155, 157 Rohita 193

root(s) xv, 5, 6, 128, 168, 207, 208, 252 of goodness 133, 168, 237 Rudra 9, 62, 115, 140 Rudrāṇī 115

Index

S

Sa 43, 97, 160, 180 Śa 43, 180, 181

Ṣa 43, 180, 181

Sabhya (see alsoŚadbhi) 259 Sadānanta 9

Śadbhi 191

Sādhanamālā 260

Saḥ 98

Sāhasa 192

Śakra, Śakra Devendra 14, 33, 56 62, 97, 98, 99, 157, 160 śakti 115, 140

Śākya lineage 9, 98 Śākyamuni (see alsoŚākyasiṃha) 31, 32, 33, 34, 61, 66, 98, 104, 113, 114, 139, 173, 222, 238, 239, 254 Śākyasiṃha (see alsoLion of the Śākyas; Śākyamuni) 32, 139, 140, 141 samādhi(s) 7, 21, 28, 30, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 44, 74, 82, 95, 96, 123, 127, 128, 130, 135, 149, 176, 179, 183, 193, 207, 221, 233, 255, 259 "Adamantine Play Which Vanquishes the Four Demons" 80 "Adornment of the Buddha's Sphere" 59

"Birth of Knowledge" 171 "Born of Fire" 63 "Born of Nectar" 93 deity 197, 234

of emptiness 41

gateway(s) 44, 182, 183 "Generation of the Matrix of Great Compassion" 17

"Generation of Universal Great Benevolence" 59 "Great Adamantine Invincibility" 60 "Immeasurable Victory" 96 "Inviolable Strength of the Body" 101 285

Index

samādhi(s) (continued) "Matrix-Treasury of the Dharma Realm" 53

of mental attainment (see also samā patti) 147 of not forgetting the bodhi-mind 79 "Observation from the High Peak of the Pure Dharma Banner" 52 path(s) 39, 40, 41, 180 "Place of Jewels" 61 "Power of Compassion" 60 "Sphere of Adamantine Indestruc tible Conduct" 60

"Sphere of Purity" 59 "Supernatural Power of the Buddha's Empowerment" 60

"Swift Power of the Single Essence of All Tathāgatas" 39 that removes all obscurations 7 "Treasury of the Adornments of Equality" 123

"Treasury of the Purity of Adornments" 73

"Universal Gaze" 60 of the utter extinction of speech 41 without characteristics 78, 199-200 samāhita(see alsomeditation) 238 Samantabhadra 3, 4, 49, 51, 59, 78, 80, 108, 148, 173, 204, 222, 231 Samantabhadra

'

s Vow of Practice 243 Samantakusuma 32, 115 samāpatti 73, 147

samaya(s) 46, 51, 99, 101, 102, 118, 127, 132-33, 145, 149, 206, 208, 209, 219, 224, 257

mantra 57, 206, 224, 244 seal(s) 99, 215, 248 three 171, 173, 187-89, 258 saṃbodhi(see also bodhi) 17, 128, 257, 258

saṃbuddha 157, 176, 189, 257 286

Śaṃkara 9, 33, 116, 141, 222 Śaṃkarī 116

Saṃkusumitarāja 148 Saṃkusumitarājendra 21 saṃpuṭa(see alsohand-clasp) 101, 217, 225, 227

samsara. Seebirth-and-death Samudbhava 191

samyaksaṃbodhi 174 samyaksaṃbuddha 4, 182, 188 sangha 48, 246

śaṅkha 29, 32, 79, 82, 95, 102, 136, 139, 143

seal 112, 114

Śaṅkha 9

Sanskrit xiii, xiv, xvii, 151, 193, 213, 230, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 257, 258, 259, 260, 266 śānta 42

Śānta 192

śānti. See quiescence, quiescent śāntika(see alsorite, for quelling calamities) 192, 256 Sarasvatī 33, 62, 116, 141, 160 Sarvabhayavināśin 97 Sarvadāhapraśāmin 35, 67, 111, 142 Sarvadharmasamatāvihārin 3 Sarvadurgatipariśodhana-tantra 260 sarvajña. Seeomniscient one sarvajñajnāna. Seeomniscient one, knowledge of

sarvajñāna. See omniscience, omniscient Sarvanīvaraṇaviṣkambhin 3, 34, 49, 60, 65, 98, 108, 142, 222 Sarvāpāyaṃjaha (see alsoApāyaṃjaha) 35, 49, 67, 142

Sarvāśāparipūraka 29 Sarvasattvābhayaṃdada (see also Abhayaṃdada) 34, 67 Sarvatathāgatatattvasaṃgraha(see also Adamantine Pinnacle Sutra) xiii

scripture(s) (see alsosutra) 204, 206, 207, 208, 226, 234, 235, 245, 247 extensive (see also vaipulya-sūtra) xiii Scripture of the Enlightenment, Supernatural Transformations, and Em power ment of Mahāvairocana(see also Vairo cana bhi saṃbodhi-sūtra) xiii, 38, 68, 100, 118, 164, 204, 250 seal(s) (see also mudrā) xvi, 28, 33, 34, 46, 95, 96, 97-98, 99, 102, 103, 104, 106-117, 127, 128, 131, 132, 134, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 151, 152, 156, 157, 160, 197, 205, 206, 207, 215, 216, 219, 221, 223, 224, 225, 226, 234, 235, 237, 244, 248, 255, 256, 257, 261 adamantine fist 130 "adamantine indestructibility of the Word-honored One" 151 adamantine knowledge, wisdom 81, 82, 97, 99, 103, 114, 216 "adornment with the Tathā gata's myriad virtues" 152 of all omnisceince, omniscient ones 28, 253

almsbowl 98, 113

auspicious 130, 216 banner 110, 116, 140, 141 bell 116, 140

"birth from all the Tathāgata's limbs" 100, 130, 152

"birth of the World-honored One's great majesty" 151 "born of the Dharma realm" 46 carriage 116

cloud 116

daṇḍa(staff) 33, 115, 140, 141 Dharma-wheel, of the Dharma wheel 46, 99, 102, 216

disc 139, 140, 143 eight secret 151-53 Index

flag 111

great 102, 103, 104, 226 of a great lotus 136 hammer 115

hook 105, 106, 114, 139, 141, 224 jewel 141

kagāla(skull) 140

kāṣāya 98

khaḍga 116

khaṅgari(knife) 142 lance 110, 115

lotus-flower, of a lotus flower 97, 112, 114, 130, 141, 156, 225, 245 "lotus-flower matrix" 151 -mark(s) 140, 143

mudgara(mallet) 140 mystic 55, 98, 100, 101, 117, 126, 132, 135, 141, 142, 143, 148, 211, 215, 217, 223, 225, 226, 227, 228, 231, 235, 238, 239, 244, 245, 248, 257 noose 38, 105, 116, 138 offering 228, 229

parasol 139

paṭtiśa(spear) 141 śakti(lance) 115, 140 samaya 99, 215, 248 "samayaof the buddhas" 46 śaṅkha(conch) 102, 112, 114 secret 132, 152, 215, 233 śūla(trident) 76, 116, 141 sword 110, 112, 114, 116, 141, 248 "of the Tathāgata's abiding state of the Dharma" 152

vajra 31, 33, 34, 47, 82, 89, 110, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 156, 194, 226, 248

vīṇā(lute) 116, 141 wheel 112, 114, 115, 116 wisdom, wisdom-sword 28, 56, 76, 84, 102, 143, 219, 225, 228 wish-granting 104, 234 287

Index

seal(s) (continued)

"World-honored One's dhāraṇī" 152 "of the World-honored One's swift support" 152

seed-syllable(s) xvi, 124, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 143, 159, 201, 223, 225, 234, 239, 246, 253, 254, 255, 257 self 8, 12, 15, 74, 79, 80, 148, 156, 166, 167, 199, 201, 205, 210, 213, 215, 251 self-attachment, self-benefit, self-conceit 18, 207, 208

self-discipline (see also vinaya,Vinaya) 206

self-nature 13

self-realized 17, 190 sense field(s) 89

twelve 6, 13, 15, 213 sense object(s) 13, 14 sense organ(s) 14, 56, 211, 249 six 13, 208

sentient beings 4, 8, 11, 24, 48, 75, 160, 173, 205, 208, 213, 230 servant(s) 31, 34, 41, 49, 61, 68, 110, 137, 142, 222

Seven Mothers (see alsoMothers) 33, 62, 115, 157

siddhi(s) (see alsoaccomplishment) 16, 44, 63, 70, 71, 72, 77, 78, 82, 83, 86, 87, 89, 90, 94, 104, 127, 133, 135, 136, 140, 151, 155, 156, 169, 193, 197, 205, 209, 210, 224, 229, 230, 233, 236, 237, 239, 240, 243, 247, 249, 254

śīla 23, 72, 155

Śīlendrabodhi xiv

Sitātapatra (see alsoSitā ta pa troṣṇīṣa) 32, 139

Sitātapatroṣṇīṣa (see alsoSitātapatra) 66, 114

Śivavajra 138

288

Skanda 9, 33

Smṛtisaṃprajanyin 49 space (see alsoempty space) 16, 59, 76, 84, 93, 180, 185

śrāvaka(s) 4, 14, 19, 25, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 63, 78, 80, 91, 94, 123, 129, 134, 145, 169, 207

vehicle 4, 165, 166

stage(s) 7, 9, 14, 40, 44, 79, 94, 124, 125, 133, 173, 217, 244, 251 of a buddha, Tathāgata(s) 40, 101, 118, 215

eight, eighth 9, 40, 251, 252 ten, tenth 4, 17, 19, 101, 105, 189, 215, 221, 224

Sthiramati 35, 67, 112, 143, 256 Striving Hero(es) (see alsoGreat Striving Hero) 18, 41, 137, 155, 171, 174, 180, 258

stupa(s) 25, 210, 237 Śubhākarasiṃha xiv, xv. xvi, 1 Śuci 191

Śuddhāvāsa 32, 68, 73, 140 Sugata(s) 52, 206, 224, 230 śūla 76, 140, 141

Sun. SeeĀditya

supernatural

faculties 4, 7, 42, 81, 85, 86, 95, 133 power(s) 71, 84, 120, 231 transformation(s) 3, 12, 127 Supreme Adamantine Flame 225 Sūrata 138

Sūrya 191

sutra(s) (see alsoscripture) xiv, xv, xvi, 25, 208, 210, 215, 227, 233, 235, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 243, 249 sūtra(s) (cord) 24, 27, 95, 126, 129 Suvajradhara 3, 138

Svaraviśruti 32, 115 svastikāsana 260

T

Ta 43, 163, 180, 181

Ṭa 43, 163, 180, 181

Takṣaka 9

tantra(s) xiii, xiv

Tantric Buddhism (see alsoEsoteric Buddhism) xiii, xv, xvi Tārā 29, 60, 65, 108-109, 137, 222 Tathāgata(s) 3, 4, 5, 6, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 27, 31, 38, 39, 42, 44, 46, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 57, 60, 63, 64, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 100, 101, 105, 106, 107, 108, 113, 117, 120, 123, 124, 129, 130, 132, 136, 145, 147, 148, 149, 152, 160, 166, 169, 176, 189-90, 200, 205, 209, 212, 213, 214, 215, 225, 227, 229, 238, 239, 240, 243, 245, 249, 251, 253 body, form 93, 95, 124, 147, 148, 239 body, speech, and mind, three mysteries 212, 237, 255 conviction 102, 105

Crown (see alsoFive Crowns; Tathāgata-Crown) 32, 96, 103, 114 empowerment 22, 73, 75, 221, 231 eye(s) 53, 105, 123, 165 limbs 100, 130, 147, 152 merit(s) 42, 214, 243

seal(s) 106-107, 114, 117, 152 sphere 60, 63, 96, 107 stage 101, 118, 215

state 25, 90, 152

supernatural power 120, 231 ten powers 42, 107

tongue 52, 54, 107

vow(s) 23, 42, 147, 231 Tathāgata-Crown(s) (see alsoBuddha-Crown) 32, 138, 139 Tathāgatadaśabalasaṃbhava 3 Tathāgata Family 131

Index

Tathāgatalocanā. SeeBuddhalocanā Tathāgatapadodbhava 3

Tathāgatavarman 3

Tattvasiddhi 258

Tejorāśi (see alsoTejorāśyuṣṇīṣa) 32, 139 Tejorāśyuṣṇīṣa (see alsoTejorāśi) 66, 114 tenfold freedom 189, 221 ten powers 42, 105, 107, 147, 174, 189, 246

Tha 43, 163, 180, 181

Ṭha 43, 163, 180, 181

thirty-two attributes of a buddha, great person, Guiding Teacher (see also marks, thirty-two, of a buddha) 31, 98, 182, 222

three actions (see alsobody, speech, and mind) 131, 215, 256

three ages 24, 26, 44, 52, 71, 73, 134, 185, 199, 211, 212, 213, 227, 230, 254 three bodies 188, 197, 211, 212, 255 Three Buddha-Crowns (see alsoBuddha Crown) 32, 66

three dharmas 101, 171, 187, 215, 255, 258

three equals 53, 215, 249, 261 three existences (see alsorealms, three) 71, 80

three false attachments 13, 252 three faults 134, 256

Three Jewels (see alsoBuddha, Dharma, and Sangha; Three Refuges) 23 three loci 133, 256

three minds 6, 14, 252 three mysteries (see alsobody, speech, and mind) 235, 237, 251, 261 three places 125, 138, 193, 259 three poisons 219, 222, 249 three positions 97, 131 three realms. Seerealm(s), three Three Refuges (see alsoBuddha, Dharma, and Sangha;Three Jewels) 24, 99 289

Index

three samayas 171, 173, 187-88, 258 three situations 241, 260 Tibet xiii, xvi

Tibetan xii, xiv, xv, xvii, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261 Trailokyavijaya 22, 26, 31, 63, 65, 97, 114, 129, 138, 223, 248, 252 transmigration (see alsobirth-and-death; rebirth) 40, 165, 168, 206, 212 treasury(ies) 4, 59, 80, 91, 106, 123, 143, 207, 212, 231

Two Esoteric Sutras xiii U

U 163

Ū 163

udāna 126, 145, 149, 250 uḍumbara 24, 36

Umā 116

unguent(s) 20, 22, 24, 45, 46, 49, 50, 53, 55, 70, 75, 130, 149, 194, 199, 219, 223, 227, 228, 229, 237, 240 Upakeśinī 34, 66, 110, 141 Upananda 34, 46, 63, 116, 140 Upanāyika 214

upāya. See expedient(s), expedient means

Ūrṇā 32, 61, 114, 139, 238 ūrṇā, ūrṇākośa 104, 114, 238, 256 uṣṇīṣa(s) 32, 257

Uttara-tantra xiv

V

Va 43, 82, 83, 85, 86, 95, 96, 97, 145, 151, 160, 180, 220, 256, 258 Vaḍabāmukha 192

Vahamāna 191

Vaipulya, vaipulya-sūtra xiii, 205, 245 Vairocana (see alsoMahā vairo cana) xv, 4, 5, 17, 20, 21, 22, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 36, 39, 40, 49, 52, 55, 59, 63, 71, 72, 290

79, 80, 81, 84, 86, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 101, 119, 121, 123, 124, 125, 138, 145, 151, 155, 165, 171, 173, 175, 189, 199, 205, 221, 222, 237, 238, 245, 252, 255

Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi-sūtra xiii-xvi, 259

Chinese translation xiii, xiv, xvi commentary(ies) on xiii, xiv-xv, xvi Sanskrit text, title of xiii Tibetan translation xiii, xiv, xvi Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi-tantra(see also Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi-sūtra) xiv Vaiṣṇavī 140

Vaiśravaṇa 5, 9

Vaiśvānara 191

vajra(s) 28, 30, 31, 53, 61, 76, 80, 82, 93, 97, 98, 103, 104, 112, 113, 114, 136, 138, 139, 140, 143, 152, 199, 212, 220, 234, 236, 239, 245, 253, 255 action-, karma- 136, 143, 246, 247, 260 -banner 152

circle, maṇḍala 81, 124, 141, 220, 238, 255, 256, 257

crossed 136, 257

double-headed 142

five-pronged 112, 143 seal(s) 31, 33, 34, 47, 89, 110, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 156, 194, 226, 248

single-pronged 142

three-pronged 111, 142 Vajra(s) 53, 61, 63, 65, 103, 113, 119, 120, 138, 160, 217, 223, 246, 248 Vajra-Action. SeeKarma-Vajrasattva Vajrabodhi xv, 260, 261 Vajracakra 138

Vajracandratilaka. SeeKrodhacandratilaka Vajradaṃṣṭra 138

vajradhara(s) 3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 17, 20, 22, 26, 31, 36, 40, 41, 44, 49, 50, 51, 52,

59, 61, 69, 71, 72, 78, 79, 80, 84, 89, 93, 94, 97, 101, 119, 124, 126, 138, 148, 151, 159, 165, 166, 168, 169, 173, 175, 179, 187, 189, 194, 197, 199, 204, 251

Vajradhara (see alsoVajrapāṇi) 30, 39, 40, 78, 89, 93, 95, 97, 100, 112, 127, 155, 157, 160, 216, 222, 225, 229, 230 Vajra Family 137

Vajragarbha (see alsoVajrapāṇi) 30 Vajrāgra 3, 138

Vajramuṣṭi 113

Vajrāṅkuśī 137

Vajrapadma 138

Vajrapāṇi (see alsoLord of Mysteries; Vajrasattva) xv, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 14, 17, 20, 22, 23, 30, 36, 39, 41, 44, 51, 52, 55, 57, 60, 65, 71, 76, 78, 79, 80, 93, 100, 101, 112, 124, 125, 127, 131, 135, 149, 155, 159, 160, 163, 165, 166, 171, 175, 177, 187, 189, 194, 197, 251, 259

Vajrāparājita 98

Vajrasattva (see alsoKarma-Vajra sattva; Vajrapāṇi) 24, 26, 46, 53, 95, 216, 222, 225, 226, 243, 244 Vajraśṛṅkhalā 30, 61, 113, 137 Vajrasūcī 30, 61, 113, 137 Vaṃ 83, 238, 246, 260 Varadavajra (see alsoMañjuśrī) 34, 96, 98, 141

Varuṇa 33, 62, 141, 160 Vasiṣṭha 140

Vāsuki 9

Vasumatī 34, 66, 110, 141 Vāyu 27, 31, 33, 55, 62, 97, 116, 141 Vedas 9, 140, 192

vehicle(s) (see alsoBroad Vehicle; Great Vehicle; Mantra Vehicle) 13, 26, 43, 181, 207

pratyekabuddha 4

Index

śrāvaka 4, 165, 166

three 18, 188

Vicitracārin 3

Vicitrāmbara 49

Vicitrāmbaradhara 3, 49 vidyā(s) 52, 96, 155, 157, 206, 209, 211, 224, 228, 229, 234, 239, 240, 244, 246, 260

"Born from the Excellent Mind" 73 "Delighting and Satisfying the Mind" 72

"Entry into the Buddhas' Samaya" 53, 215

hundred-lettered 236

"Proceeding from the Treasury of Empty Space" 231

"Unendurable Great Protection" 217 "Very Powerful Protection" 52 vidyādhara(s) 16, 33, 91, 149, 157, 222, 253

vidyādhararāja 253, 256, 257 vidyārāja(s) 29, 128, 137, 256 vidyārājñī(s) 29, 32, 63, 93, 96, 101, 137 "Equal to Empty Space in Power" 75 "Power Unimpeded throughout All Three Ages" 93

"Proceeding from the Treasury of Empty Space" 75, 221

"Universally Inviolable Strength" 96 "Very Powerful Great Protection" 52 view(s) 8

innate, of the reality of the body 102 right 7, 168

twenty-nine erroneous, of the self 251 wrong 7, 102, 165, 167, 168, 169 Vijayā 33, 116, 141

Vijayoṣṇīṣa 32, 66, 114, 139 Vikhyāta 138

Vikiraṇoṣṇīṣa 32, 66, 114, 139 Vimalanetra 3, 49

Vimalaprabha 109, 141 291