T418 The Pratyutpanna Samādhi Sutra and The Śūraṅgama Samādhi Sutra

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Glossary

Akaniṣṭha: The fourth and highest heaven in the realm of form. Ānanda: The Buddha's cousin, close disciple, and personal attendant, renowned for his ability to recite all of the Buddha's sermons from memory. arhat ("one who is worthy"): One who has attained a spiritual goal, usually the eradication of all passions, the culmination of the path of the śrāvaka.Arhatship is not considered the ultimate goal in the Mahayana, which aims at the attainment of buddhahood. asura: A class of demonic beings, often translated as "titan" or "demigod, " that is in

constant conflict with the gods.

āyatana ("entrance"): The six āyatanas are the six sense organs: (1) eyes, (2) ears, (3) nose, (4) tongue, (5) body, and (6) mind, which comprise the human sensory apparatus. The twelve āyatanas are the sense organs and their respective objects: (1) form, (2) sound, (3) odor, (4) flavor, (5) tactile sensation, and (6) concepts. These comprise the entire epistemological world.

bhadrakalpa:Auspicious eon, the name of the present age. bodhicitta:The initial desire, intent, or aspiration to attain enlightenment. bodhisattva: In the Mahayana, a selfless being with universal compassion who sees the universal emptiness of phenomena and is destined to become a buddha. brahman: A member of the priestly class in Indian society. buddha field, land, or realm: A world in which a buddha lives and teaches. dhāraṇī:A mystic phrase, spell, or incantation.

dharma(s): (1) the natural law that enables all existence and creation; (2) the truth; (3) the principles, factors of existence, or realities in terms of which human experience can be analyzed; (4) the teachings (of a buddha), which taken together constitute the Dharma; (5) the qualities or attainments of a buddha; (6) the quality or nature of all phenomena; and (7) the essential quality of empical things. 199

Glossary

dhātu ("element" or "realm/world"): The three dhātus are the three realms of samsara, namely the desire, form, and formless realms. The eighteen dhātus are the twelve āyatanas plus their respective consciousnesses. See also āyatana; samsara; three realms.

devaputra:The son of a god, a heavenly being.

dragon: (Skt. nāga): A type of serpent deity often believed to live in bodies of water. eight advantages: Possibly the eight spheres of sovereignty, or eight ways in which one masters one's perceptions of external forms.

eightfold fast: A special observance for lay practitioners, often involving temporary residence at a monastery and undertaking additional precepts along with the five basic precepts, making a total of eight. See also five precepts.

eightfold noble path: The eight aspects of practice that lead to the attainment of nirvana: (1) right view, (2) right thought, (3) right speech, (4) right action, (5) right livelihood, (6) right effort, (7) right mindfulness or recollection, and (8) right meditation. See also Four Noble Truths.

eight forms of energy: The opposite of the eight forms of sloth; see below. eight forms of sloth: Eight occasions when a person does not exert him- or herself, i.e., (1-2) when one does not wish to become fatigued or already feels fatigued from engagement in physical work or (3-4) travel; (5-6) when one is fatigued from not having enough or after having enough food; and (7-8),when one is fatigued from from being ill or after recovering from an illness.

eight places of hardship: Eight situations in which one cannot achieve liberation, i.e., (1-4) when reborn as an animal, a hungry ghost, a hell being, or a god; and (5-8) when reborn in an uncivilized border region, with inadequate faculties, with a perversely heretical outlook, or at a time when there is no buddha in the world. eight thoughts of a person of the Way: The reflection that the Dharma is for those who have few desires, know contentment, are secluded from society, and are energetic, mindful, composed, wise, and mentally focused.

five aggregates: (Skt. skandhas): The five components of the human psychophysical personality, consisting of form (or matter), feelings, conceptions (or thoughts), karmic formations (Lokakṣema glosses this as birth and death), and consciousness. five desires: Desire for the objects of the five senses.

five destinies: The five realms of existence into which beings may be reborn, those of gods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. The last three are regarded 200

Glossary

as evil destinies or the three lower modes of existence. The realm of asuras is sometimes added as a sixth. five major transgressions: Violations of the five precepts. See five precepts. five modes of existence (gatis): Sometimes translated as the five destinies of sentient beings. According to their own past karma, a sentient being is reborn as a (1) god, (2) human being, (3) a hungry ghost, (4) an animal, or (5) a hell being. All five kinds of beings, including gods, are within the samsaric world characterized by suffering. Only human beings have a chance to attain liberation from samsara; gods do not know that they are suffering, and for beings in the other three states their suffering is too severe to allow for spiritual development. See also samsara. five obscurations: Five hindrances or obstacles to spiritual development: sensual desire, malice, slothfulness, mental agitation, and doubt.

five practices: Possibly the five spheres of liberation, according to which a person achieves liberation while being taught the Dharma, while teaching it to others, while repeating it alone, while reflecting on it, or while meditating on some other meditative object. five precepts: The basic set of ethical behaviors undertaken by Buddhist practitioners: not to kill, not to steal, not to engage in sexual misconduct, not to speak falsehoods, and not to ingest intoxicants.

four classes: The four types of Buddhist practitioners: monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen. See also sangha. four elements: Earth, water, fire, and wind. The element of space is sometimes added to make five elements. The four elements are sometimes referred to as the four great ones.

Four Noble Truths: (1) Existence is characterized by dissatisfactoriness or suffering; (2) the cause of suffering is desire; (3) there is a way beyond suffering, called nirvana; (4) the path to nirvana is practice of the eightfold noble path. See also eightfold noble path; nirvana.

four stoppings of thought: The four foundations or applications of mindfulness. gandharva:A class of mythical beings, celestial musicians.

garuḍa:A class of mythical beings that are half bird and half human. happiness in dharmas that do not come into existence or are not produced: Also translated as patient acceptance of the dharmas or of nonorigination, the decisive realization by a bodhisattva of the emptiness (absence of inherent existence) of all dharmas (Skt. anutpattika-dharma-kṣānti).

201

Glossary

infinites (Skt. apramāṇaor brahmavihāra): The meditative cultivation of four attitudes, limitless friendliness or love, compassion, sympathetic joy, and equanimity (Lokakṣema gives the last as circumspection).

Jambudvīpa: the southern continent of the Buddhist cosmos. karma ("action"): Three kinds of activity of body, speech, and mind. Karma is the cause of samsara and its cessation is the way to liberation from karmic existence. Avoiding the nihilistic extreme, Buddhist moralists maintain that the essence of action is volition (cetanā) and that the cause of suffering are the afflictive passions (kleśas). kiṃnara:A class of mythical beings, either half human and half bird or half human and half horse, who make celestial music.

kṣatriya:A member of the warrior or ruler class in Indian society. kumbhāṇḍa:A class of malevolent mythical beings.

Mahayana: ("Great Vehicle"): A term denoting the Buddhist tradition that emphasizes the bodhisattva path leading to the attainment of buddhahood, often contrasted with the so-called "lesser" vehicle (Hinayana) of arhats and pratyekabuddhas. mahoraga:A class of snake-like mythical beings.

Maitreya: The next buddha who will appear in the world.

Mañjuśrī: A celestial bodhisattva who represents the wisdom and realization of all buddhas.

Māra: A demon who hinders Buddhist practice, the personification of death; the plural of this term refers to a class of such beings.

Mount Sumeru: A mythical mountain that sits at the center of the Buddhist cosmos. nine reflections: Possibly the ninefold meditation on the repulsive, in which one contemplates the various stages of decomposition of a corpse. nine vexations: Nine situations for ill-will, i.e., the thought that another person has done, is doing, or will do (1-3) either harm to oneself, (4-6) harm to a loved one, or (7-9) good for an enemy.

nirvana: The final goal of Buddhists; the extinction of all passions and attainment of the state of liberation.

nonaction (Ch. wuwei): A Daoist term for liberation or nirvana. nonregression: A stage in the career of a bodhisattva from which there will be no turning back from the attainment of buddhahood.

202

Glossary

nonreturner (anāgāmin): One who will not be reborn in the samsaric world but will appear in the realm of the gods and from there will attain nirvana. once-returner (sakṛdāgāmin): One who will be reborn once more in the samsaric world, and who will come to the end of suffering.

original nonbeing: (Skt. tathatā): reality or actuality, expressed by the Chinese notion of primal undifferentiated being.

parinirvāṇa: The passing into final liberation (nirvana) of a buddha. See also nirvana. pratyekabuddha ("solitary buddha"): One who attains awakening by his or her own efforts, but does not subsequently teach others so as to bring them to liberation. samādhi:A meditative mental state in which the mind is focused on one point and which aims at the cessation of karma. Nine kinds are often recognized: the four meditations (dhyāna) in the realm of form, the four attainments (samāpatti) in the formless realm, and the attainment of cessation (nirodhasamāpatti), which is beyond the three realms of samsara and is nirvana.

samsara: The world of suffering, consisting of the three dhātus. The cause of samsara is karma. The Four Noble Truths teach that there is a world beyond samsara called nirvana. See also dhātu; karma; Four Noble Truths; nirvana.

sangha: The Buddhist order, the monastic community. The fourfold sangha consists of monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen.

Śāriputra: A disciple of Śākyamuni, known as the foremost of those possessed of great wisdom. In the Mahayana Prajñāpāramitā ("Perfection of Wisdom") literature Śāriputra is often criticized as an example of the lesser attainment of the śrāvaka. See also śrāvaka.

six tastes: Six ways of being considerate or sociable, i.e., friendliness toward one's fellow practitioners in actions of body, speech, and mind, sharing one's possessions with them, living virtuously, and holding to the truth.

six transcendences: The six perfections (Skt. pāramitās) practiced by bodhisattvas: giving or liberality (dāna), morality (or keeping the precepts) (śīla), patient acceptance or forbearance (kṣānti), energy or vigor (vīrya), meditation (Lokakṣema has "singlemindedness") (dhyāna), and wisdom (prajñā). skandha("aggregate"): The five aggregates that comprise all phenomenal existence: (1) matter, (2) perception, (3) conception, (4) volition, and (5) consciousness. śrāvaka("hearer"): Originally refrring to those who directly heard Śākyamuni's teaching, the term later came to refer generally to followers of the Hinayana. The śrāvakas preserved the Buddha's words, observed monastic rules, and organized the teachings 203

Glossary

into three collections called piṭakas. Mahayanists view the śrāvaka tradition as a lesser vehicle (Hinayana).

stream-enterer (srotāpanna): One who has entered the stream of noble disciples and who is sure to attain liberation, no longer subject to rebirth in the three lower modes of existence. See also three lower modes of existence.

stupa: A reliquary structure in which the relics of the Buddha or other figures, or copies of the Buddhist scriptures, are enshrined.

sutra: A canonical discourse or scripture delivered by the Buddha. sutra dharmas: A composite term often used by Lokakṣema to translate the Sanskrit term "dharma,

" indicating dharmas both as teachings or scriptures and as truths or principles of existence. Tathāgata: An epithet for the Buddha.

ten evils: Ten unwholesome actions, i.e., killing; stealing; engaging in sexual misconduct; using false speech, slander, or harsh speech; engaging in frivolous chatter; avarice; malice; and holding wrong views.

ten goods: Ten meritorious actions, which are avoidance of engaing in the ten evils. See alsoten evils.

ten powers: Ten special abilities possessed by a buddha.

ten quarters: The four cardinal directions (north, east, south, west), the four intermediate directions (northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest), and the zenith and nadir. thirty-two marks: Special physical characteristics of the body of a buddha or universal monarch, each of which is supposedly produced by one hundred meritorious acts. three ages: Past, present, and future.

three lower modes of existence: Hungry ghosts, animals, and hell beings. These beings cannot attain nirvana because their suffering is too severe to allow for spiritual development.

three realms: The realms of existence into which beings are reborn, the realm of desire (kāmadhātu), the realm of form (rūpadhātu), and the formless realm (arūpyadhātu). three thousand-great thousand realms or three thousand lands: Terms for a vast assembly of world-systems.

three vehicles: The śrāvaka vehicle, the pratyekabuddha vehicle, and the bodhisattva vehicle.

204

Glossary

Triple Jewel: Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha. The Buddha taught that the Dharma (truth) is the only light (dīpa), but his followers worshiped him and believed that the community of practitioners (Sangha) was of similar importance. See also sangha. triple world. Seethree realms.

twelve sense fields or twelve diminishers. Seeāyatana. Way: A Chinese term for awakening or enlightenment (Skt. bodhi). wearers of white: Lay practitioners, Buddhist followers not ordained into the monastic sangha or following any other ascetic path. yakṣa:A class of mythical beings; a kind of demigod, a spirit of the forest and earth, which can be either benevolent or malevolent. 205

Bibliography

Harrison, Paul.

"Buddhānusmṛtiin the Pratyutpanna-buddha-saṃmukhāvasthita-samādhisūtra, " Journal of Indian Philosophy6 (1978): 35-57. —

"Commemoration and Identification in Buddhānusmṛti, " in Janet Gyatso, ed., The —

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.

Mirror of Memory: Reflections on Mindfulness and Remembrance in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism, pp. 215-238. New York: State University of New York Press, 1992. "The Earliest Chinese Translations of Mahāyāna Sūtras: Some Notes on the Works of Lokakṣema,

" Buddhist Studies Review 10/2 (1993): 135-177. —

. The Samādhi of Direct Encounter with the Buddhas of the Present: An Annotated English Translation of the Tibetan Version of the Pratyutpanna-Buddha-Saṃmukhāvasthita-Samādhi-Sūtra with Several Appendices relating to the History of the Text. Studia Philologica Buddhica, Monograph Series V. Tokyo: The International Institute for Buddhist Studies, 1990. —

. The Tibetan Text of the Pratyutpanna-Buddha-Saṃmukhāvasthita-Samādhi-Sūtra. Studia Philologica Buddhica, Monograph Series I. Tokyo: The Reiyūkai Library, 1978. Kajiyama, Yūichi.

"Hanju-zanmai-kyō: amidabutsu-shinkō to kū no shisō" ("The Pratyutpanna-samādhi-sūtra:Faith in the Buddha Amitābha and the Philosophy of Emptiness"), in Jōdo-bukkyō no shisō(Pure Land Buddhist Thought), vol. 2, pp. 197-348. Sueki Fumihiko and Kajiyama Yūichi, trans. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992. An extensive study of the text with a partial Japanese translation of the Tibetan version. 207

207

207

207

Index

A

absolute, 177, 184, 185 adamantine, 17, 143, 175 age(s), 89

of disorder, 53-54 future, 55, 89 past, 89, 102 present, 56

three, 58

Āmrapālī, 22

Ānanda, 11, 30, 32, 54-55, 63, 105, 106, 112, 169, 170-171, 179-180, 189, 192, 194

Anāthapiṇḍada, 11 anger, 28, 44, 48, 49, 61, 84, 131, 158 See also greed, anger, and stupidity animal(s)/beast(s), 14, 20, 64, 67, 107n2, 136, 164, 166 apes, 64, 66

deer, 66

dogs, 64

elephants, 130 horses, 130

lion(s), 15, 64, 66, 82, 121 ox, 32

snakes/pythons, 64 tigers, 64, 66 wolves, 64

See alsobird(s) Aniruddha, 189 archery, simile of, 114, 138-139, 140 arhat(s), 14, 16, 46, 71, 72, 82, 105, 111, 112, 113, 176, 184, 185, 190 arhatship, 11, 112, 196 arrogance, 34, 49, 51, 61, 84, 86, 118, 178, 187

asura(s), 12, 64, 65, 67, 105, 106, 118, 147, 175, 180, 181, 197 attachment, 5, 15, 40, 41, 42, 43, 57, 61, 72, 79, 81-82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 90, 99, 105, 137

awakening, 8, 20-21, 71, 92, 96 aspiration for/thought of, 20-21, 72 full, 38, 91, 96 supreme and perfect, 39, 53, 86, 91, 96 See also enlightenment āyatana(s), 124, 188 B

bhadrakalpa, 58 See also eon(s) Bhadrapāla, 7, 11-13, 17-18, 19, 21-26, 29, 31-35, 39-40, 45-48, 50-51, 53, 57, 59, 63-65, 69-71, 75-78, 80-81, 85, 89-90, 91-92, 95-97, 105-106 bhikṣu(s), 111, 112, 117 See alsomonk(s) bhikṣuṇīs, 112 See alsonun(s) bird(s), 134, 136 geese, 82, 83, 183 See alsoanimal(s) birth, 16, 20, 128, 132, 134, 144, 151, 152-153, 172, 176, 177, 188 birth and death, 15, 20, 23, 39, 40, 41, 84, 86, 87, 99, 131, 133, 181, 182 See alsorebirth; samsara 209

209

Index

birthless/birthlessness, 105, 119 of dharmas, 114, 117, 121, 128, 139, 151, 156, 164, 167, 168, 196 blind/blindness, 81, 128, 144, 166, 176, 177

bodhi,8

See also awakening; enlightenment bodhitree(s), 190, 192, 193 bodhicitta, 112, 113, 118 See also awakening, aspiration for/thought of

bodhimaṇḍa, 120, 173, 180 See also enlightenment, place/seat; lion seat

bodhisattva(s), 11-15, 17-18, 19, 21-26, 27, 29-30, 31, 33, 35-37, 39-40, 41, 45-47, 53, 56, 63-65, 66, 70- 73, 77-78, 81-82, 85, 90, 91, 92, 96-97, 105, 106, 111-114, 117, 119-121, 128, 137-138, 140, 142-151, 154-156, 159, 161, 164-168, 170, 173-175, 177-181, 184-193, 196, 197 eight, 54, 57, 63, 76 mahasattvas, 22, 117-118 -monk(s), 45, 46, 174 nonregressing, 92, 93 path/vehicle/way, 16, 21, 33, 48, 91, 146, 164, 193

practice(s), 19, 128, 129, 140, 168, 177

residing in the śūraṅgama samādhi, 129-137, 138, 140-141, 175, 184-185 stage(s), 125, 166

eighth, 114, 125, 139 tenth, 125, 140, 188

ten powers of, 186

white-clothed, 50

bodhisattvas, named:

Autonomous King of Dhāraṇī, 118 Beneficial Mind, 168

210

Brilliance of Wisdom, 190 Characteristic of Refulgence, 118 Dharmākara, 4

Does Not Delude All Sentient Beings, 117

Generating the Intention [to Achieve Enlightenment] That Constitutes Turning the Wheel of the Dharma, 117

Great Characteristic, 118 Great Merit, 168

Greatly Dignified and Pure, 118 Guhagupta, 11, 53, 57, 63, 75, 77, 106 Indradatta, 11, 23, 53, 57, 75, 77, 106 Joyous King, 118

King of Mount Sumeru, 118 Lion King, 168

Mahāsusārthavāha, 11, 53, 57, 63, 75, 77, 106

Manifests Pure Deportment and Perceives All with Loving Joy, 117 Mind Like an Ocean of Unlimited Merit, 117

Mind of a Wondrous and Dignified King, 117

Mind of Name, 186-189 Naradatta, 11, 53, 57, 63, 75, 77, 106 Obstructions Eradicated, 117 Ornamented with Discernment, 118 Practicing Nondefilement in Māra's Realm, 159-162, 168, 170, 171 Praised by All the Gods, 118 Pure Mind, 118

Pure Mind of the Ocean of Virtues and Treasured Dignity, 118 Pure Moon Store, 179-181 Purity That Transcends Defilement, 117 Ratnākara, 11, 57, 63, 75, 77, 105 Resolute Energy, 118

Senses Always Composed and Not Disordered, 117

Serene Extinction, 168 Susīma, 11, 23, 53, 57, 63, 75, 77, 106 True Sound, 117

Turns the Wheel of the Dharma without Hindrance, 117 Turns the Wheel of the Dharma without Regressing, 117 Varuṇadeva, 12, 53, 57, 63, 75, 77, 106

Wise Valiance, 168

See also Bhadrapāla; Maitreya; Mañjuśrī; Resolute Mind bondage/bond(s), 57, 123, 159-160 fivefold, 159

Māra's release from, 161-163 to Māra, 160

twelve, of mistaken views, 158 body, speech, and mind, 127, 131 Brahmā/Brahmā Sahāṃpati, 12, 65, 76, 82, 83, 173

realms of, 187

palaces, 149

Brahmā gods, 82, 118, 121, 122, 123, 125, 143, 148, 149, 167, 180 See also god(s)

Brahmā king(s), 124-125, 138, 140, 146-147, 149, 172 Creating Sympathy, 138 Equivalent Practice, 124-125 Brahmadatta, 95-96 99 See alsoViśeṣagāmin, King brahmavihāras, four, 79, 149, 158 See alsofour pure practices/four unlimited states

brahman(s), 70, 135, 148, 167, 173 buddha(s), 4, 13, 14-17, 19, 20-21, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 41, 42, 43, 46, 48, 49, 56, 58, 59, 62, 64, 65, 67, 69-70, 72, 73, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 89, 90, 96, 98, 107n3, 111, 112, 113, 119, 120, 121, 125, 126, Index

128, 129, 138, 139, 140, 141, 150, 151, 152, 153, 155, 157, 159, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169, 171, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182, 184, 185, 186, 188, 189, 191-192, 193, 104, 195, 196

former/past, 17, 28, 33, 34, 43, 47, 58, 91, 113

future, 28, 47, 58, 73, 91, 113, 123, 171 of the present, 4¬-5, 17, 18, 28, 29, 47, 58

realm(s) of, 22, 127, 132, 141, 150, 169-170

buddhas, named:

Brilliance of Wisdom, 190 Dīpaṃkāra, 70

Dṛḍhaśūra, 99

Dṛḍhavīrya, 96, 99

Akṣobhya, 4, 113, 155 Amitābha/Amitāyus, 4-5, 21-22, 23, 30, 113

King of Autonomous Illumination and Ornamentation, 193-194 King of Brilliance That Autonomously Manifests All Merit, 174 King Praised for Pure Brilliance, 155-156 Kṣemarāja, 69

Paragon of the Dragons, 190 Puṣya, 182

Raśmirāja, 69-70

Satyanāma, 101, 102

Siṃhamati, 95, 98

Single Treasured Canopy, 181 Xubori, 24

Vidyuddeva, 69

Buddha, 11-12, 24, 27-28, 36-38, 40-43, 47-49, 52-54, 56, 63, 64, 66, 68, 70-72, 75-79, 81, 83, 84, 86, 89, 90, 92, 93, 97, 101-102, 105-106, 107n4, 111-115, 117, 121-124, 211

Index

Buddha (continued):

128, 138, 141, 142, 144, 148-153, 157-159, 162, 164, 166-169, 171, 175-176, 178-182, 184-185, 188, 189, 192, 193, 195, 197 and Ānanda, 54-62, 63, 169, 180-171, 192, 194

body/form, 23, 41, 143 and Bhadrapāla, 12-18, 19-26, 29-30, 31-36, 39-40, 45-52, 53, 63-66, 69-72, 75-78, 85-86, 89-90, 91-92, 95-97, 105 calling to mind/recollection/remembrance of, 4, 19, 23, 71, 129 and Devendra, 142-144 Dharma, 27-28, 34, 38, 52, 61, 62, 150, 151, 163, 169

disciples, 77, 93, 111, 149, 179 divine/numinous power(s), 11, 16, 25, 29, 32, 53, 76, 77, 105, 123, 129, 167, 174, 192, 194

and Equivalent Practice, 124-125 image(s), 27, 28

knowledge/wisdom, 17, 55, 79, 89 line/lineage, 16, 17

and Mahākāśyapa, 165-167, 176-177, 189-191

and Mañjuśri, 174-175, 181 marks, 20, 23, 28

and Mind of Name, 186-189 parinirvāṇa, 3, 53, 54, 89 path, 133, 144

and Resolute Mind, 119-121, 125-141, 147-148, 155-156, 163-165, 167-168, 171-174, 186, 193-196 and Śāriputra, 157-158, 182 seal, 105

seed, 118, 123

speech/voice/word, 16, 54, 78, 99 sutras/sutra dharmas, 15, 16, 32, 53, 79 teaching(s), 48, 53, 98, 166, 177, 179 212

Way, 15, 27, 30, 38, 41, 42, 43, 54, 56, 58, 59, 70, 80, 81, 96, 97, 99, 107 See also Śākyamuni; Tathāgata buddhahood, 14, 14, 22, 33, 34, 39, 41, 59, 70, 80, 81, 86, 87, 89, 96, 97, 99, 106, 111, 112, 113, 114, 119, 122, 129, 144, 146, 150, 155, 156, 163, 166, 167, 169, 171, 173, 181, 185, 188, 196

Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha, 51, 52, 118 See alsoTriple Jewel

buddha fields/lands/realms/worlds, 4, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 30, 35, 36, 37, 54, 102, 113, 117, 121, 127, 132, 140, 141, 150, 153, 155, 156, 157, 165, 169-170, 174-175, 181, 188, 190, 193 buddha lands, named:

Abhirati, 4

Brilliance of a Single Lamp, 174 Ornamentation, 193, 194 Ornamented with All the Treasures, 181 Pure Vision, 155

Sukhāvatī, 4, 5, 21, 113 Universal Equivalence, 190 Wondrous Joy, 113, 155 buddhānusmṛti. Seecalling the buddhas/ Buddha to mind

C

calling the buddhas/Buddha to mind, 4, 16, 21, 22, 23, 29, 39, 83, 84 charity, 130, 136, 150, 166, 186 perfection of, 130, 137, 172 See alsogiving

cities/city-states/towns/villages, 19, 132, 133, 175, 178, 183, 189, 195 cities, named:

Bhadraṃkara, 95

Campā, 11

Kapilavastu, 11

Kauśāmbī, 12

Rājagṛha, 11, 12, 76, 77, 117 Sāketa, 12

Śrāvastī, 11

Vārāṇasī, 11

Vaiśālī, 11, 22

compassion/compassionate, 4, 13, 18, 19, 28, 30, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 73, 75, 79, 120, 132, 133, 139, 156, 161, 171 great, 17, 114, 117, 119, 139, 165, 186 See also four pure practices/four unlimited states

concentration(s), 13, 19, 20, 23, 42, 80, 84, 90, 102, 111, 114

See also samādhi(s

concept/conception(s)/conceptual, 7, 20, 26, 30, 39, 40, 41, 42, 85, 86, 89, 105, 107n7, 114, 124

contemplation, 72, 137, 140 of the bones of the dead, 24-25 craving(s), 30, 50, 52, 86, 105 See also greed

D

dāna. Seecharity; giving deaf/deafness, 81, 128, 135, 166 desire(s), 20, 43, 45, 46, 47, 49, 51, 60, 61, 63, 65, 72, 78, 82, 84, 105, 123, 126, 128, 133, 146, 163, 178, 186-187 for birth/rebirth, 63, 173 carnal/lustful/sensual, 49, 146, 162 five, 78, 130

realm of, 26, 121, 130, 131, 134, 135 dhāraṇī(s), 15, 117, 129, 187, 195 See alsoholding spell(s) dharma(s), 15, 18, 20, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 30, 40-42, 48, 51, 55, 59, 70-72, 77, 81-83, 89, 90, 105, 117, 120, 121, 124-128, 130-135, 140-142, 145, 148, 150-154, 156, 158, 160, 161, 169-171, 177, 180, 181, 186, 187, 190, 191, 195, 196 Index

birthlessness of, 114, 117, 121, 128, 139, 156, 164, 167, 168, 196 good, 131, 132, 134, 156, 166 ten, 90

See also dharma-nature(s); eight dharmas/things; eighteen exclusive dharmas/things; sutra dharma(s) Dharma, 5, 16, 19, 20, 31, 41-43, 46, 47-52, 55-58, 60, 61-63, 67, 68, 71-73, 78, 80, 83-87, 90, 93, 97-99, 103, 107n4, 111, 117, 119-121, 125-127, 135-137, 144, 145, 148, 150, 154, 156-160, 162, 165, 166, 171, 173-187, 189-191, 193-196 Buddha's/Buddhist, 27, 28, 34, 38, 52, 61, 62, 140, 158, 163, 169 -eye, 196

great/profound, 37, 81, 118, 164, 165, 176, 177, 192

master/teacher, 48, 86, 102, 103, 171, 195

practice(s), 17, 18, 20, 21, 184 stores/treasure, 120, 128, 147, 150, 192 true, 59, 63, 73, 122

wheel, 120, 122, 123, 128, 129, 146, 148, 170, 171, 173, 174, 175, 184, 189, 190, 191, 193

See alsoBuddha, Dharma, and Sangha dharma-nature(s), 126, 127, 131, 132, 189 See alsodharma(s)

dhātus, 124

dhyāna(s), 137

four, 158, 166

See alsomeditation

disciple(s), 6, 29, 77, 93, 111, 175, 177, 179

four classes/types, 77, 95 great, 149, 174, 178, 197 See alsolayman/laymen; laywoman/ laywomen; monk(s); nun(s); śrāvaka(s) 213

Index

discriminate/discriminative, 121, 125, 148, 151, 154, 160

thinking/thought, 15, 159 discrimination, 117, 121, 124, 126, 129, 131, 145, 158, 181, 186, 187, 195 unhindered, 132, 178, 179, 184 dragon(s), 12, 56, 64, 65, 66, 67, 105, 106, 118, 120, 147, 149, 157, 158, 166, 174, 175, 180, 181, 192, 193, 197 dragon king(s):

Anavatapta, 12

Nanda, 12

Sāgara, 12

Manasvin, 12

Upananda, 12

dream(s), 5, 13, 15, 20, 21, 22, 24, 59, 65, 101, 102, 176

drum(s), 28, 136

of the Dharma, 83

E

eight dharmas/things, 85-86, 87, 89 eighteen exclusive dharmas/things, 89, 90 eighteen types of supernormal transformations, 171 eightfold fast, 50, 51 eightfold noble path, 184 eight places of hardship/situations in which it is difficult [to encounter the Buddha's teaching], 58, 62, 166 emancipation(s), 90, 129, 136, 158, 160, 161, 163, 165, 177, 182, 196 eight, 149, 177

three, 117

emptiness, 5, 13, 19, 20, 23, 24, 26, 28, 32, 42, 57, 68, 72, 78, 81, 83, 85, 86, 114, 145, 151, 167, 177 Enjoys Desires (layman), 168 enlightenment, 111, 113, 122, 129, 130, 133, 144, 145, 152, 153, 161, 163, 164, 166, 168, 170, 177, 180, 182, 183, 184, 186, 187

214

of buddhahood, 111, 122, 129, 134, 144, 146, 150, 155, 156, 163, 166, 171, 181, 196

of buddhas, 111, 129, 176 place/seat, 120, 173, 180, 189, 190 prediction of, 139, 156, 164-169, 181, 190

unsurpassable and perfect, 11, 112, 118, 119, 123, 124, 144, 146, 155, 156, 159, 161-168, 170, 177, 181, 185, 186, 188, 190, 192, 196 See also awakening

eon(s), 36, 59, 60, 64, 66, 69, 70, 80, 95, 101, 102, 103, 106, 113, 117, 127, 128, 129, 155, 156, 164-165, 167, 169, 174, 179, 180, 181, 183, 184, 190, 193, 194, 195, 196 Luminous Brilliance, 181-182 Wisdom, 168

See also bhadrakalpa

equanimity, 17, 19, 20, 61, 79, 137, 139, 186

See also four pure practices/four unlimited states

existence, 24, 67, 72, 77, 81, 96, 120, 121, 130, 132, 134, 182 four constituents of, 107n4 evil modes of, 173, 176 five modes of, 164

three lower modes of, 156 expedient means/expedients, 79, 117, 120, 127, 128, 139, 146, 161, 195 extinction, 111, 113, 129, 134, 144, 152, 153, 155, 156, 157, 163, 165, 174, 182, 183, 185, 186

birth/generation and, 152, 153 of the Dharma, 173, 182 final/permanent/ultimate, 119, 120, 121, 173, 183, 184, 191 of impurities/outflows, 126, 196 See alsonirvana

Index

F

faith, 13, 14, 20, 27, 30, 32, 33, 34, 37, 46, 63, 78, 86, 90, 175, 176, 184, 186, 196

profound/resolute/sincere, 87, 135, 186

pure, 84, 86, 103, 156 field(s) of blessings, 177-178 forbearance, 29, 130-131, 150, 161, 166, 186

of the birthlessness of dharmas, 114, 117, 121, 125, 128, 139, 156, 164, 167, 168, 196

third pliant, 139 of adamantine indestructibility/ultimate/ of wisdom, 117, 130, 175 See also perfection(s,) six, of forbearance/patience four cessations of thought, 70-71 four continents, 141 See also Jambudvīpa; Uttarakuru four embrasures, 136 four heretical ways, 68 See also non-Buddhist Four Noble Truths, 177, 191 four pure practices/four unlimited states, 139, 149

See alsobrahmavihāras, four; compassion; joy; equanimity; sympathy G

gandharva(s), 56, 65, 67, 118, 120, 147, 149, 157, 166, 174, 175, 180, 181, 192, 193, 197

garuḍa(s), 12, 64, 65, 118, 147, 175, 180, 181

Gautama, 3

See alsoBuddha

giving, 28, 50, 51, 52, 60, 72, 78, 79, 93 See alsocharity

god(s), 12, 31, 45, 51, 52, 56, 64-67, 72, 82, 105, 106, 111, 112, 118, 120-124, 132, 135, 143-145, 147, 149, 155-158, 162, 164, 166, 167, 172-175, 179-182, 184-187, 190, 192, 193, 196, 197

gods, named:

Gopā/Gopaka, 144, 145-147 Maheśvara, 12

Manifest Mind, 147-155 Pure Moon, 180-181 See also Brahmā; Indra; Śakra goddess(es), 111, 113, 149, 160-162, 168-169, 171

good teacher(s), 27, 28, 29, 33, 34, 46, 49, 50, 52, 62, 85, 101, 102 Great Vehicle, 119, 189 See also Mahayana; vehicle(s), bodhisattva/of the buddhas greed, 178

See also craving(s); greed, anger, and stupidity

greed, anger, and stupidity, 48, 136, 138, 156

H

heaven(s), 17, 23, 56, 69, 70, 82, 95, 99, 122, 130, 136, 170, 173, 175, 188 fourfold, 172, 173 heavens, named:

Akaniṣṭha, 12

Autonomous Transformation of Others' [Pleasures], 172

Brahmā/Mahābrahmā, 23 Joyous, 172

Teaching Others Autonomy, 172 of the Thirty-three Gods, 69, 82, 144, 172

Tuṣita, 119, 169, 172, 173, 188 Ultimate in Materiality, 172 Yāma, 172

See alsoBrahmā/Brahmā Sahāṃpati, realm of

215

Index

heavenly, 28, 173 eye, 177, 189

flowers, 160, 168, 184 heavenly kings:

four, 12, 65, 76, 172 world-protecting, 118, 121-123, 143, 149, 180

hell(s), 67, 156, 164, 166, 185 heterodox(ies), 157, 160 eight, 184

paths/ways, 42, 178 view(s), 133, 156, 158 Hinayana, 11, 112, 113, 118, 119, 127, 129

holding spell(s), 15, 38 See also dhāraṇī honesty, 80, 187 hungry ghost(s), 64, 67, 164, 166 I

incense, 28, 31, 76, 122, 137, 160, 175, 183

Indra, 173

Indra gods, 111, 118, 121, 122, 123, 143, 147, 148, 149, 180 Indra king(s), 112, 141, 142, 144, 149, 172

Devendra/Kauśika [Devendra], 142-144, 149 Holding Mount Sumeru, 141-143, 192-193

J

Jambudvīpa, 31, 53, 95, 172, 173, 180, 188

See alsofour continents joy, 57, 59, 68, 79, 89, 97, 118, 119, 121, 123, 135, 139, 142, 165, 166, 175, 186, 187, 189, 194, 195 See alsofour pure practices/four unlimited states 216

K

karma(s), 126, 128, 131, 134, 135, 164, 191

karmic:

bonds/retribution, 123, 126, 134 conditions/connections/dispositions, 162, 182, 183

Kāśyapa, 165, 177, 190-191 See also Mahākāśyapa kiṃnaras, 12, 64, 65, 66, 67, 118, 147, 175, 180, 181

king(s), 12, 83, 97, 101, 102, 112, 137, 143, 172-173, 178, 183 See also Brahmā king(s), dragon king(s); heavenly king(s); Indra king(s), wheel-turning sage king(s) kings, named:

Ajātaśatru, 12

Suddhodana, 146

Viśeṣagāmin, 95

kṣatriya(s), 69, 101, 135, 148, 173 Kumārajīva, 4, 115 L

laypeople/layperson, 21, 50, 112, 135, 148 layman/laymen, 12, 21, 46, 54, 59, 76, 77, 95, 101, 163, 172, 196 See alsodisciple(s), four classes/types laywoman/laywomen, 12, 21, 46, 54, 76, 77, 95, 101, 163, 196 See alsodisciple(s), four classes/types lion seat(s), 122, 123 See alsobodhimaṇḍa;enlightenment, place/seat

Lokakṣema, 3, 6-8, 9, 107nn2, 5, 7 M

magic, 68, 132, 134 magical creations/transformation, 15, 16, 54

magician(s), 15, 134

Mahākāśyapa, 23, 149, 165, 176-177, 189, 191

See also Kāśyapa

Mahāprajāpatī, 11, 75 mahoragas, 12, 64, 65, 67, 118, 147, 175, 180, 181

Maitreya, 58, 113, 118, 168, 169, 188-189 Mañjuśrī, 112, 118, 168, 174-175, 177, 179, 1812-182, 184, 186, 189, 190-191, 197 Māra, 111, 113, 150, 156, 157-164, 169-170, 171, 173 acts/deeds, 67, 101, 103 net, 48, 49, 61

realm(s)/palace(s) of, 111, 159-161, 162, 169-170, 171

Mahāmaudgalyāyana/Maudgalyāyana, 105, 106

Mahayana, 3, 5, 16, 40, 48, 51, 111, 112, 114, 118, 119, 123, 145, 156, 176, 180, 189

sutras/texts, 3, 6, 7, 107n4, 111 See also Great Vehicle marks, of enlightened beings, buddhas/ Buddha, wheel-turning sage kings, 20, 28, 30, 39, 83, 117, 147, 148 thirty-two, 23, 28, 148 medicine tree, 136-137 medicine tree kings: Eradication, 136

Joyous Vision, 136 meditation(s), 4, 13, 22, 23, 39, 64, 89, 114, 121, 129, 130, 131, 132-133, 134-135, 149, 150, 178, 187, 189 of emptiness, 23

of extinction, 183 of the form and formless reams, 134-135 in which the buddhas of the present all stand before one, 4, 17, 18, 21, 23-26, 27-30, 31-38, 39-44, 45-52, Index

53-54, 60-62, 63-67, 69-73, 77-84, 85-87, 89-90, 91-92, 95-99, 101-103, 105-106

perfection of, 134, 137, 172 sutra, 29, 31, 53, 99 See also samādhi(s) mind(s), 14, 15, 22, 25, 26, 31, 39, 40, 41, 48, 51, 52, 54, 56, 57, 58, 60, 63, 64, 67, 77, 84, 86, 89, 125, 126, 128, 129, 131, 132, 137-138, 141, 145, 150, 156, 157, 161, 164, 166, 183, 187, 188

buddha/sagely, 17, 28 of compassion, 165 confused/deluded, 71, 132 of ecstasy, 114, 139 of omniscience, 145 profound, 114, 139 pure, 42, 63, 72, 80, 83, 158, 163, 164 mindfulness, 46, 64, 107n3, 126, 166, 187

mirror, 21, 25, 40 monk(s), 11, 12, 16, 21, 23, 32, 37, 45, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, 54, 57, 60, 64, 77, 84, 86, 95, 96, 98, 99, 101, 103, 112, 133, 135, 147, 149, 163, 167, 172, 188, 190, 196 bodhisattva-, 45, 46, 175 community/order of, 19, 24, 51, 75, 76, 77

See alsobhikṣu(s); disciple(s), four groups/types; śrāvaka(s) morality, 39, 150, 186 perfection of, 130, 137, 172 See alsoprecepts

mountain(s), 14, 22, 56, 82, 83, 129, 143, 149, 190

mountains/peaks, named: Adamantine Mountains, 82 Mount Gṛdhrakūta (Vulture Peak), 111, 117, 191, 192 217

Index

mountains/peaks, named (continued): Mount Sumeru(s), 13, 14, 22, 82, 141, 143, 172, 175

Hall of Good Wonders, 143 N

nāga. Seedragons(s) nirodha-samāpatti. Seemeditation, of extinction

nirvana, 8, 20, 26, 30, 36, 40, 41, 71, 72, 86, 102, 111, 113, 117, 120, 131, 134, 150, 152, 153, 173, 178, 180, 181-182, 183, 184, 185, 190, 193, 194, 195

See also nonaction; parinirvāṇa nonaction (wuwei), 8, 20 See also nirvana

nonattachment, 13, 39-40 nonbeing, 8, 14, 15, 32, 158, 160 non-Buddhist, 133

See also four heretical ways nonexistence/nonexistent, 26, 40, 41, 71, 105

nonregression, 22, 24, 35, 166, 168, 196 novices, 147

nun(s), 11, 12, 21, 46, 48, 49, 52, 54, 57, 61, 75, 76, 77, 84, 95, 101, 103, 105, 112, 147, 163, 196 See alsobhikṣuṇīs; disciple(s), four groups/types;

O

ocean(s), 13, 31, 38, 129, 130, 135, 147, 172

omniscience, 16, 145, 177, 178 once-returner, 184 See alsoseldom-returner P

parinirvāṇa,3, 53, 54, 89, 95, 101, 121, 129, 189, 191

See alsonirvana

218

pearl(s), 32, 83

-flowers, 175

maṇi,143-144, 147

moon-, 82

śakrābhilagna, 143 penetration(s), 51, 139, 153 five highest/supernatural, 114, 139 powers of, 54, 83

perfection(s), 32, 87, 126, 136, 137, 180, 196

six, 114, 130-135, 137-138, 139, 166, 196

of charity, 130, 137, 172 of energy, 132, 137, 172 of forbearance/patience, 131, 137, 172 of meditation, 134, 137, 172 of morality, 130, 137, 172 of wisdom, 135, 138, 172 power(s), 13, 15, 111, 119-120, 121, 148, 166, 169, 171, 174, 186, 190, 191, 194

autonomous/of autonomy, 129, 156, 159, 172, 194

divine/spiritual, 54, 111, 114, 123, 125, 130, 146, 149, 153, 158, 159, 167, 168, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 180, 188, 192, 194, 195 of divine/magical transformations, 16, 54, 147

of expedient means, 120, 161 of meditation/samādhi,25, 119, 120, 130, 184

of merit, 13, 25

numinous, 11, 14, 15, 25, 29, 32, 53, 59, 65, 66, 76, 77, 82, 83, 98, 105 supernormal, 22, 119, 123, 127, 129, 150, 153, 161, 189, 191, 192, 194, 195

five, 172

ten, 16, 30, 89, 90, 186

of vows, 13, 120, 136 of wisdom, 120, 180 See also samādhi(s), power of; śūraṅgama samādhi, power of pratyekabuddha(s), 14, 16, 82, 105, 111, 112, 113, 119, 120, 133, 141, 148, 155, 164, 168, 175, 176, 177, 178, 180, 181, 182

precepts, 17, 19, 21, 28, 29, 32, 33, 34, 45, 46, 50, 60, 72, 79, 80, 82, 85, 87, 130, 132, 166, 189 five, 11, 50, 51, 52 See also morality prostitute, 22, 107n5 Pūrṇa, 189

Q

quiescence, 58, 66, 80, 83, 96 R

Rāhula, 189

Ratna, 95, 98

Ratnarakṣita, 6 realm(s), 23, 36, 82, 92, 130, 137, 142, 173, 182, 188

See also buddha(s), realms of; Māra, realm(s)/palace(s) of; three realms/triple realm rebirth(s), 4, 5, 16, 45, 63, 67, 78, 81, 86, 105, 119, 121, 166, 186, 187 relics (śarīra), 56, 83, 120, 173, 190, 191 Resolute Mind, 111, 112, 118-121, 129-142, 144-145, 147-156, 162-165, 167-168, 171-173, 177-179, 186, 192, 193-197

Revata, 189

S

sahā world, 155, 194 See alsosamsara Śakra, 12, 65, 76, 82 sakṛdāgāmin.Seeonce-returner Index

Śākyamuni, 111-112, 146, 149, 174, 191-192, 194

See also Buddha; Tathāgata Śākyaprabha, 6

samādhi(s), 4, 111, 112, 117, 119, 120, 121, 126, 129, 140, 141, 142, 146, 148, 150, 151, 157, 162, 163, 171, 175, 176, 177, 184, 185, 187-188, 192-193, 195, 196 adamantine mind, 126 bodhisattva, 140 flower sound, 126 power of, 119, 120, 184 of presence before the buddhas, 139 pratyutpanna-buddha-saṃmukhāvasthita-samādhi, 4 of remembrance of the Buddha, 129 See also meditation; śūraṅgama samādhi

samsara, 132, 134, 144, 178, 180, 184, 186 See also sahā world Śāriputra, 92, 105, 106, 157-158, 182-183 sarvajñā. Seeomniscience signlessness, 86 schools:

Cittamātra/Yogā cāra, 5 Madhyamaka, 5

Perfection of Wisdom (Prajñāpāramitā), 5

Pure Land, 4

scripture(s), 111, 112, 113, 135, 171, 179 See alsosutra(s) seldom-returner, 184 See alsoonce-returner sense(s)/sensory, 132, 133, 134, 137, 164, 165, 188

sense fields, 32 twelve, 19, 20

śīla.Seemorality; precept(s) skandhas, 107n4, 124 219

Index

śrāvaka(s), 111, 112, 119, 120, 133, 134, 141, 143, 144, 146, 148, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 180, 181, 184, 185, 189, 190, 192, 193, 197

See also disciple(s); monk(s) srotāpanna. Seestream-enterer stage:

bodhisattva, 125, 166, 185 eighth, 114, 125, 139 tenth, 114, 125, 140, 188, 192 of a buddha/tathāgata, 20, 128 of nonregression, 22, 166, 168, 196 stream-enterer, 105, 184 stupid/stupidity, 13, 26, 31, 32, 33, 44, 49, 82, 84, 147, 160

See also greed, anger, and stupidity Subūhti, 178

suchlike/suchness, 8, 124, 125, 144, 145, 148, 152, 169

Sudatta, 69-70

Sumanā, 22

śūnyatā/śūnyavāda. Seeemptiness śūraṅgama samādhi, 121-122, 124, 125-126, 129-151, 153-156, 157-159, 162-169, 170-178, 184-196 power of, 123, 125, 130, 134, 146, 147, 148, 149, 157, 163, 173, 174, 190, 193, 194

sutra(s), 3-7, 13-17, 19-23, 25, 27-30, 31-35, 36, 39, 40, 42, 43, 46-47, 48-49, 51, 53-57, 60, 62, 65, 67, 68, 69-73, 77, 78, 80-82, 86, 91, 92, 96-99, 102, 103, 106, 111-113, 165, 180, 197

dharma(s), 28, 36, 42, 48, 51, 56, 57, 58, 60, 79, 103

Mahayana, 3, 6, 7, 107n4 meditation, 29, 31, 53, 99 Perfection of Wisdom (Prajñāpāramitā), 5

profound, 32, 54, 55, 77 Pure Land, 4-5

sutras/scriptures/texts, named: Amitāyurdhyāna-sūtra, 4 Aṣṭasāhasrikā-prajñāpāramitā-sūtra (Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines), 3

Banzhou sanmei jing/Pratyutpannabuddha-saṃmukhāvasthita-samādhisūtra/Pratyutpanna-samādhi-sūtra, 3-8, 9-106

Bapo pusa jing, 6

Dafangdeng daji jing xianhu fen, 7 Dao de jing,107n6

Daśabhūmika-sūtra, 5

'Phags-pa da-ltar-gyi sangs-rgyas mngon-sum-du bzhugs-pa 'i tingnge-'dzin ces-bya-ba theg-pa-chenpo 'i md,6

Mahāsaṃnipāta/Mahāvaipulya-mahā saṃnipāta-sūtra,7 Sukhāvatīvyūha-sūtras, 4 Śūraṅgama-samādhi-sūtra, 109-197 sympathy, 114, 139

See also four pure practices/four unlimited states

T

three realms/triple realm, 5, 26, 121, 145, 177

of desire, 26, 12, 130, 131, 134, 135 of form, 26, 121, 134, 135 formless/of formlessness, 26, 121, 134 transcendence(s), 14, 32, 131, 187 six, 79

transgression(s), 130, 185 five major, 185

tree(s), 122, 136, 173, 192-193 tāla, 167, 191

See alsobodhitree(s), medicine tree Triple Jewel, 126

See alsoBuddha, Dharma, and Sangha 220

U

Upāli, 189

Utpalavarṇā, 22

Uttarakuru, 156, 166 See also four continents V

vajra,133, 175

warriors, 128

Vajrayana, 5

Varuṇa, 101, 102 vehicle(s), 126

bodhisattva/of buddhas, 146, 180, 193 three, 156

two Hinayana, 127, 129 pratyekabuddha, 119, 180, 183-184, 189

śrāvaka, 119, 146, 180, 189, 193 See also Great Vehicle view(s), 84, 87, 118, 158, 160 heterodox, 133, 156, 158 mistaken/wrong, 84, 136, 160 twelve bonds of, 158 sixty-two, 160

visualization, 4, 13 vow(s), 13, 16, 17, 56, 80, 145, 176 meritorious/preceptual, 98, 136 original, 120, 183 W

wearers of white/white-clothed. See laypeople/layperson wheel-turning sage king(s), 129, 130, 148, 149, 172, 178 White Lotus Society, 4 wisdom(s), 5, 13, 14, 16, 19, 21, 22, 27, 29, 34, 36, 38, 39, 40, 54, 56, 60, 67, 69, 70, 79, 80, 83, 85, 86, 87, 89, 96, 117, 119, 126, 127, 128, 134, 135, 146, 148, 150, 165, 166, 167, 177, 179, 186, 187, 189, 192 Index

all-embracing, 37, 72, 98 autonomous/birthless, 119, 150 brilliance(s) of, 150, 192 of buddha(s)/Buddha/Tathāgata, 17, 21, 36, 55, 147, 180 of emptiness, 57 of equivalent entry into both form and the formless, 126 eye of, 20

great/inconceivable/immeasurable, 127, 144, 148, 179, 195 mastery of, 119, 120 penetrating/profound, 33, 120, 135, 177

perfection of, 135, 138, 172 power of, 180, 186 three, 177

unhindered, 117, 129, 134 four, 127

worldly, 166

woman/women, 22, 33, 40-41, 50, 92, 113, 122, 135, 145, 196 body of, 144-145, 147 of pure faith, 84, 103 world(s), 15, 16, 17, 20, 23, 30, 32, 36, 41, 42, 43, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 69, 73, 85, 94, 95, 99, 104, 113, 120, 125, 126, 127, 128, 131, 141, 142, 151, 152, 153, 155, 156, 157, 158, 168, 169, 172-173, 174, 175, 180, 182, 184, 188, 190, 191, 192, 193, 195, 197

See alsobuddha fields/lands/realms/ worlds; sahā world worldly, 20, 27, 30, 58, 107n2, 112, 128, 131, 166

Y

yakṣa(s), 12, 64, 65, 118, 120, 147, 149, 157, 166, 174, 175, 180, 181, 192, 193

221

BDK English Tripiṭaka (First Series)

BDK English Tripiṭaka (First Series) Abbreviations Ch.: Chinese Skt.: Sanskrit Jp.: Japanese Eng.: Published title Title Taishō No. Ch. Chang ahan jing (長阿含經) 1 Skt. Dīrghāgama Ch. Zhong ahan jing (中阿含經) 26 Skt. Madhyamāgama Ch. Dasheng bensheng xindi guan jing (大乘本生心地觀經) Ch. Fo suoxing zan (佛所行讃) 159 192

Skt. Buddhacarita Ch. Zabao zang jing (雜寶藏經) Eng. The Storehouse of Sundry Valuables (1994) Ch. Faju piyu jing (法句譬喩經) Ch. Xiaopin banruo boluomi jing (小品般若波羅蜜經) Skt. Aṣṭasāhasrikā-prajñāpāramitā-sūtra Ch. Jingang banruo boluomi jing (金剛般若波羅蜜經) Skt. Vajracchedikā-prajñāpāramitā-sūtra Ch. Daluo jingang bukong zhenshi sanmoye jing (大樂金剛不空眞實三麼耶經) Skt. Adhyardhaśatikā-prajñāpāramitā-sūtra Ch. Renwang banruo boluomi jing (仁王般若波羅蜜經) Skt. *Kāruṇikārājā-prajñāpāramitā-sūtra 203

211

227

235

243

245

223

BDK English Tripiṭaka Title Taishō No.

Ch. Banruo boluomiduo xin jing (般若波羅蜜多心經) 251 Skt. Prajñāpāramitāhṛdaya-sūtra Ch. Miaofa lianhua jing (妙法蓮華經) 262 Skt. Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-sūtra Ch. Wuliangyi jing (無量義經) 276 Ch. Guan Puxian pusa xingfa jing (觀普賢菩薩行法經) Ch. Dafangguang fo huayan jing (大方廣佛華嚴經) 277 279

Skt. Avataṃsaka-sūtra Ch. Shengman shizihou yisheng defang bianfang guang jing 353 (勝鬘師子吼一乘大方便方廣經)

Skt. Śrīmālādevīsiṃhanāda-sūtra Ch. Wuliangshou jing (無量壽經) 360 Skt. Sukhāvatīvyūha

Ch. Guan wuliangshou fo jing (觀無量壽佛經) 365 Skt.

*Amitāyurdhyāna-sūtra Ch. Amituo jing (阿彌陀經) 366 Skt. Sukhāvatīvyūha

Ch. Da banniepan jing (大般涅槃經) 374 Skt. Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra Ch. Fochuibo niepan lüeshuo jiaojie jing (佛垂般涅槃略説教誡經) 389 Ch. Dizang pusa benyuan jing (地藏菩薩本願經) 412 Skt.

*Kṣitigarbhapraṇidhāna-sūtra Ch. Banzhou sanmei jing (般舟三昧經) 418 Skt. Pratyutpanna-buddhasammukhāvasthita-samādhi-sūtra Eng. The Pratyutpanna Samādhi Sutra(1998) Ch. Yaoshi liuli guang rulai benyuan gongde jing 450 (藥師琉璃光如來本願功徳經)

Skt. Bhaiṣajyaguru-vaiḍūrya-prabhāsa-pūrvapraṇidhāna-viśeṣavistara Ch. Mile xiasheng chengfo jing (彌勒下生成佛經) 454 Skt.

*Maitreyavyākaraṇa

Ch. Wenshushili wen jing (文殊師利問經) 468 Skt.

*Mañjuśrīparipṛcchā

224

BDK English Tripiṭaka

Title Taishō No.

Ch. Weimojie suoshuo jing (維摩詰所説經) Skt. Vimalakīrtinirdeśa-sūtra 475

Ch. Yueshangnü jing (月上女經) 480 Skt. Candrottarādārikā-paripṛcchā Ch. Zuochan sanmei jing (坐禪三昧經) Ch. Damoduoluo chan jing (達磨多羅禪經) Ch. Yuedeng sanmei jing (月燈三昧經) 614 618

639

Skt. Samādhirāja-candrapradīpa-sūtra Ch. Shoulengyan sanmei jing (首楞嚴三昧經) 642 Skt. Śūraṅgamasamādhi-sūtra Eng. The Śūraṅgama Samādhi Sutra(1998) Ch. Jinguang ming zuishengwang jing (金光明最勝王經) 665 Skt. Suvarṇaprabhāsa-sūtra Ch. Dasheng rulengqie jing (入楞伽經) 672 Skt. Laṅkāvatāra-sūtra

Ch. Jie shenmi jing (解深密經) 676 Skt. Saṃdhinirmocana-sūtra Ch. Yulanpen jing (盂蘭盆經) 685 Skt.

*Ullambana-sūtra

Ch. Sishierzhang jing (四十二章經) 784 Ch. Dafangguang yuanjue xiuduoluo liaoyi jing (大方廣圓覺修多羅了義經) 842

Ch. Da Biluzhena chengfo shenbian jiachi jing 848 (大毘盧遮那成佛神變加持經)

Skt. Mahāvairocanābhisambodhi-vikurvitādhiṣṭhāna-vaipulyasūtrendrarājanāma-dharmaparyāya Ch. Jinggangding yiqie rulai zhenshi she dasheng xianzheng dajiao wang jing (金剛頂一切如來眞實攝大乘現證大教王經) 865 Skt. Sarvatathāgata-tattvasaṃgraha-mahāyānā-bhisamaya-mahākalparāja Ch. Suxidi jieluo jing (蘇悉地羯囉經) 893 Skt. Susiddhikara-mahātantra-sādhanopāyika-paṭala 225

BDK English Tripiṭaka Title Taishō No. Ch. Modengqie jing (摩登伽經) 1300 Skt.

*Mātaṅgī-sūtra

Ch. Mohe sengqi lü (摩訶僧祇律) 1425 Skt.

*Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya Ch. Sifen lü (四分律) 1428 Skt.

*Dharmaguptaka-vinaya Ch. Shanjianlü piposha (善見律毘婆沙) 1462 Pāli Samantapāsādikā Ch. Fanwang jing (梵網經) 1484 Skt.

*Brahmājāla-sūtra Ch. Youposaijie jing (優婆塞戒經) 1488 Skt. Upāsakaśīla-sūtra Eng. The Sutra on Upāsaka Precepts (1994) Ch. Miaofa lianhua jing youbotishe (妙法蓮華經憂波提舍) 1519 Skt. Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-upadeśa Ch. Shizha biposha lun (十住毘婆沙論) 1521 Skt.

*Daśabhūmika-vibhāṣā Ch. Fodijing lun (佛地經論) 1530 Skt.

*Buddhabhūmisūtra-śāstra Ch. Apidamojushe lun (阿毘達磨倶舍論) 1558 Skt. Abhidharmakośa-bhāṣya Ch. Zhonglun (中論) 1564 Skt. Madhyamaka-śāstra Ch. Yüqie shidilun (瑜伽師地論) 1579 Skt. Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra Ch. Cheng weishi lun (成唯識論) Ch. Weishi sanshilun song (唯識三十論頌) 1585 1586

Skt. Triṃśikā

Ch. Weishi ershi lun (唯識二十論) Skt. Viṃśatikā 1590

Ch. She dasheng lun (攝大乘論) Skt. Mahāyānasaṃgraha Eng. The Summary of the Great Vehicle(Revised Second Edition, 2003) 1593

226

BDK English Tripiṭaka Title Taishō No.

Ch. Bian zhongbian lun (辯中邊論) 1600 Skt. Madhyāntavibhāga Ch. Dasheng zhuangyanjing lun (大乘莊嚴經論) 1604 Skt. Mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāra Ch. Dasheng chengye lun (大乘成業論) 1609 Skt. Karmasiddhiprakaraṇa Ch. Jiujing yisheng baoxing lun (究竟一乘寳性論) 1611 Skt. Ratnagotravibhāga-mahāyānottaratantra-śāstra Ch. Yinming ruzheng li lun (因明入正理論) 1630 Skt. Nyāyapraveśa

Ch. Dasheng ji pusa xue lun (大乘集菩薩學論) 1636 Skt. Śikṣāsamuccaya

Ch. Jingangzhen lun (金剛針論) 1642 Skt. Vajrasūcī

Ch. Zhang suozhi lun (彰所知論) 1645 Ch. Putixing jing (菩提行經) 1662 Skt. Bodhicaryāvatāra Ch. Jingangding yuqie zhongfa anouduoluo sanmiao sanputi xin lun 1665 (金剛頂瑜伽中發阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心論)

Ch. Dasheng qixin lun (大乘起信論) 1666 Skt.

*Mahāyānaśraddhotpāda-śāstra Ch. Shimoheyan lun (釋摩訶衍論) 1668 Ch. Naxian biqiu jing (那先比丘經) 1670 Pāli Milindapañhā

Ch. Banruo boluomiduo xin jing yuzan (般若波羅蜜多心經幽賛) 1710 Ch. Miaofalianhua jing xuanyi (妙法蓮華經玄義) Ch. Guan wuliangshou fo jing shu (觀無量壽佛經疏) Ch. Sanlun xuanyi (三論玄義) 1852 Ch. Dasheng xuan lun (大乘玄論) 1716 1753

1853

Ch. Zhao lun (肇論) 1858 Ch. Huayan yisheng jiaoyi fenqi zhang (華嚴一乘教義分齊章) 1866 227

227

BDK English Tripiṭaka Title Taishō No.

Ch. Yuanren lun (原人論) 1886 Ch. Mohe zhiguan (摩訶止觀) 1911 Ch. Xiuxi zhiguan zuochan fayao (修習止觀坐禪法要) Ch. Tiantai sijiao yi (天台四教儀) Ch. Guoqing bai lu (國清百録) Ch. Zhenzhou Linji Huizhao chanshi wulu (鎭州臨濟慧照禪師語録) 1985 Ch. Foguo Yuanwu chanshi biyan lu (佛果圜悟禪師碧巖録) Ch. Wumen guan (無門關) 2005 Ch. Liuzu dashi fabao tan jing (六祖大師法寶壇經) 1915 1931

1934

2003

2008

Ch. Xinxin ming (信心銘) 2010 Ch. Huangboshan Duanji chanshi chuanxin fayao 2012A (黄檗山斷際禪師傳心法要)

Ch. Yongjia Zhengdao ge (永嘉證道歌) Ch. Chixiu Baizhang qinggui (勅修百丈清規) 2014 2025

Ch. Yibuzonglun lun (異部宗輪論) 2031 Skt. Samayabhedoparacanacakra Ch. Ayuwang jing (阿育王經) 2043 Skt. Aśokāvadāna

Eng. The Biographical Scripture of King Aśoka(1993) Ch. Maming pusa zhuan (馬鳴菩薩傳) 2046 Ch. Longshu pusa zhuan (龍樹菩薩傳) 2047 Ch. Posoupandou fashi zhuan (婆藪槃豆法師傳) 2049 Ch. Datang Daciensi Zanzang fashi zhuan (大唐大慈恩寺三藏法師傳) 2053 Ch. Gaoseng zhuan (高僧傳) 2059 Ch. Biqiuni zhuan (比丘尼傳) 2063 Ch. Gaosengfaxianchuan (高僧法顯傳) 2085 Ch. Datang xiyu ji (大唐西域記) 2087 Eng. The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions (1996) 228

BDK English Tripiṭaka Title Taishō No.

Ch. Youfangjichao: Tangdaheshangdongzheng zhuan 2089-(7) (遊方記抄: 唐大和上東征傳)

Ch. Hongming ji (弘明集) 2102 Ch. Fayuan zhulin (法苑珠林) 2122 Ch. Nanhai jigui neifa zhuan (南海寄歸内法傳) 2125 Ch. Fanyu zaming (梵語雑名) 2135 Jp. Shōmangyō gisho (勝鬘經義疏) 2185 Jp. Yuimakyō gisho (維摩經義疏) 2186 Jp. Hokke gisho (法華義疏) 2187 Jp. Hannya shingyō hiken (般若心經秘鍵) 2203 Jp. Daijō hossō kenjin shō (大乘法相研神章) 2309 Jp. Kanjin kakumu shō (觀心覺夢鈔) 2312 Jp. Risshū kōyō (律宗綱要) 2348 Eng. The Essentials of the Vinaya Tradition (1995) Jp. Tendai hokke shūgi shū (天台法華宗義集) 2366 Eng. The Collected Teachings of the Tendai Lotus School(1995) Jp. Kenkairon (顯戒論) 2376 Jp. Sange gakushō shiki (山家學生式) Jp. Hizōhōyaku (秘藏寶鑰) 2426 Jp. Benkenmitsu nikyō ron (辨顯密二教論) Jp. Sokushin jōbutsu gi (即身成佛義) Jp. Shōji jissōgi (聲字實相義) 2429 Jp. Unjigi (吽字義) 2430 Jp. Gorin kuji myōhimitsu shaku (五輪九字明秘密釋) Jp. Mitsugonin hotsuro sange mon (密嚴院發露懺悔文) Jp. Kōzen gokoku ron (興禪護國論) 2377 2427

2428

2514

2527

2543

Jp. Fukan zazengi (普勧坐禪儀) 2580 229

229

BDK English Tripiṭaka

Title Taishō No.

Jp. Shōbōgenzō (正法眼藏) 2582

Jp. Zazen yōjinki (坐禪用心記) 2586 Jp. Senchaku hongan nenbutsu shū (選擇本願念佛集) 2608 Eng. Senchaku Hongan Nembutsu Shū: A Collection of Passages on the Nembutsu Chosen in the Original Vow(1997) Jp. Kenjōdo shinjitsu kyōgyō shōmon rui (顯淨土眞實教行証文類) 2646 Jp. Tannishō (歎異抄) 2661

Eng. Tannishō: Passages Deploring Deviations of Faith(1996) Jp. Rennyo shōnin ofumi (蓮如上人御文) 2668 Eng. Rennyo Shōnin Ofumi: The Letters of Rennyo(1996) Jp. Ōjōyōshū (往生要集) 2682

Jp. Risshō ankoku ron (立正安國論) Jp. Kaimokushō (開目抄) 2689 Jp. Kanjin honzon shō (觀心本尊抄) Ch. Fumu enzhong jing (父母恩重經) 2688 2692

2887

Jp. Hasshūkōyō (八宗綱要) extracanonical Eng. The Essentials of the Eight Traditions (1994) Jp. Sangō shīki (三教指帰) extracanonical Jp. Mappō tōmyō ki (末法燈明記) extracanonical Eng. The Candle of the Latter Dharma(1994) Jp. Jūshichijō kenpō (十七條憲法) extracanonical 230