T2646 Kyōgyōshinshō On Teaching, Practice, Faith, and Enlightenment

¸rava√a: One of the twenty-eight constellations; corresponds to three stars in Aries and three stars in Sagittarius. See also twenty-eight constellations. ¸råvast∆: A kingdom in central India (present-day Såhetmåhet in Gonda Province); the Buddha often stayed at the Jeta Grove monastery outside the capital of this kingdom.

stage of definite assurance: The bodhisattva stage in which one is assured of attaining enlightenment; corresponds to the rightly established stage. See also bodhisattva stages; rightly established stage; ten stages. stage of insight: The stage of having attained insight into the non-arising of all dharmas. See also insight into the non-arising of all dharmas. stage of joy: The forty-first stage in the fifty-two-stage scale, or the first of the ten bodhisattva stages. In this stage one partially awakens undefiled wisdom for the first time and becomes assured of reaching Buddhahood, and so is filled with joy. Also called the stage of non-retrogression. See also bodhisattva stages; fifty-two stages; stage of non-retrogression; ten stages. stage of learning: In the Hinayana, all the stages of spiritual attainment below that of arhat; in these stages one still has more to learn. See also arhat; Hinayana.

stage of no more learning: In the Hinayana, the stage of an arhat, attained by extinguishing all evil passions; at this stage one does not have anything more to learn. See also arhat; evil passions; Hinayana. 399

Glossary

stage of non-retrogression: The bodhisattva stage in which one realizes part of the undefiled wisdom and will advance to Buddhahood without regressing to lower stages. Until one reaches this stage, one is liable to fall back to lower stages. This stage is equated with the stage of joy, or the first of the ten bodhisattva stages. See also bodhisattva stages; fifty-two stages; stage of joy, ten stages.

stage of teaching others: Attained by bodhisattvas above the eighth stage, in which they can freely teach and guide sentient beings. See also bodhisattva stages; fifty-two stages; ten stages. stages of understanding and practice: The eleventh to the thirtieth stages in the system of the fifty-two stages leading to Buddhahood. See also bodhisattva stages; fifty-two stages.

stone-liquid: A material used for alchemy.

store of expediency: The expedient Pure Land teachings represented by the Nineteenth and the Twentieth Vows, meant to lead aspirants to the Other-Power teaching of the Eighteenth Vow. See also Eighteenth Vow; Nineteenth Vow; Other-Power; Pure Land; Twentieth Vow. store of merit: Refers to the teaching of the Nineteenth Vow, which provides the way of birth in the Pure Land through transference to it of the merit received from the practice of the meditative and non-meditative good; the Pure Land promised for such aspirants is the Transformed Land. See also meditative good; merit transference; Nineteenth Vow; non-meditative good; Pure Land; Transformed Land. store of merit and wisdom: Refers to the teaching of the Eighteenth Vow, which is consummated with merit and wisdom. See also Eighteenth Vow. store of virtue: Refers to the teaching of the Twentieth Vow, which provides the way of birth in the Pure Land through transference to it of the merit of recitation of the Nembutsu; in the explicit sense this is still a selfpower practice that promises attainment of birth in the Transformed Land. See also merit transference; Nembutsu; Pure Land; self-power; Transformed Land; Twentieth Vow.

stream-winner (srota-åpanna): The first of the four stages of spiritual attainment in the Hinayana; one who has entered the stream of the Dharma by destroying various wrong views. See also Hinayana.

Subh¥ti: One of the ten disciples of ¸åkyamuni renowned for his deep understanding of emptiness. See also emptiness. 400

Glossary

suchness: Things as they are; thus-ness; same as true suchness. See also true suchness.

sudarΩana: A medicinal tree that grows in the Himalayas, said to purify eyesight and the auditory organs. SudarΩana: Another name for AjåtaΩatru. See also AjåtaΩatru. sudden teaching: The teaching that leads one to the rapid attainment of enlightenment.

¸uddhodana ("Pure Rice"): The king of Kapilavastu and the father of Siddhår tha (¸åkyamuni). See also Kapilavastu; ¸åkyamuni; Siddhårtha. Sugata ("Well-gone"): One of the ten epithets of the Buddha. Sunak≈atra: A disciple of ¸åkyamuni who later disobeyed him; he gave rise to the wrong view of rejecting the law of causality and as a result fell into the Av∆ci hell while alive. See also Av∆ci hell; law of causality; ¸åkyamuni. sundry practices: Along with right practice, one of the two kinds of practice for birth in the Pure Land established by Shan-tao; sundry practices are those other than the five right practices centering on the Nembutsu. See also Nembutsu; Pure Land; right practice; Shan-tao.

supramundane path: The path leading to the undefiled wisdom of the Buddha and bodhisattvas.

Ω¥raçgama samådhi: The practice of concentration (samådhi) that is capable of extinguishing the three poisons, i.e., greed, hatred, and ignorance; it is explicated in the ¸¥raçgama Samådhi Sutra.

S¥rasena: One of the sixteen great kingdoms in India at the time of the Buddha. See also sixteen great kingdoms.

Sutra on Contemplation of the Buddha of Infinite Life. See Contemplation Sutra.

Sutra on the Buddha of Infinite Life. See Larger Sutra. Sutra on the Immeasurably Pure and Equal Enlightenment: The earliest of the five extant Chinese translations of the Larger Sutra, produced by Lokak≈ema (Chih Lou-chia-ch'en) during the Later Han dynasty, between 147-186. See also Larger Sutra.

401

Glossary

Sutra on the Ten Stages(DaΩabh¥mika-s¥tra): The name given to the "Chapter on the Ten Stages" of the Garland Sutra; Någårjuna's commentary on this, the Discourse on the Ten Stages,is an important Shin Buddhist scripture, quoted often by Shinran in the Kyøgyøshinshø. See also Discourse on the Ten Stages; Garland Sutra; Någårjuna; Shinran; Shin school. Sutra on the Way of the Salvation of Humans by Amida, the Perfectly Enlightened One, That Transcends All Buddhas: The second oldest Chinese translation of the Larger Sutra, produced by Chih Ch'ien during the Wu dynasty, between 223-228. See also Larger Sutra.

Svåt∆: One of the twenty-eight constellations; corresponds to four stars in Virgo. See also twenty-eight constellations.

Tamer of Beings: An epithet for the Buddha.

T'an-luan (476-542): The third of the Seven Patriarchs of Shin Buddhism; first studied the Buddhist philosophy of emptiness, and then sought the Taoist way of longevity. On meeting the monk Bodhiruci, he converted to Pure Land Buddhism. His Commentary on Vasubandhu's Discourse on the Pure Land is a classic text of the Pure Land school and provides a doctrinal basis for his successors, especially Shinran. See also Bodhi ruci; Commentary on Vasubandhu's Discourse on the Pure Land; emptiness; Pure Land school; Seven Patriarchs; Shinran; Shin school; Taoism; Vasubandhu.

Tao-ch'o (562-645): The fourth of the Seven Patriarchs of Shin Buddhism; he entered the priesthood at age fourteen and became well versed in the Nirvana Sutra; at age forty, during a visit to Hsüan-chung Temple, he read an inscription in praise of T'an-luan and became an aspirant for the Pure Land. He repeated the Nembutsu as many as seventy thousand times a day, and gave more than two hundred lectures on the Contemplation Sutra. His Pure Land thought is fully presented in the Collection of Passages on the Land of Peace and Bliss. See also Collection of Passages on the Land of Peace and Bliss; Contemplation Sutra;Nembutsu; Nirvana Sutra; Pure Land; Seven Patriarchs; Shin school; T'an-luan. Taoism: An indigenous Chinese religious philosophy based on the teachings of Lao-tzu collected in the Tao te ching. Taoism, which arose as a popular religion in the Later Han dynasty (25-220), is based on belief in the invisible, underlying principle of the universe called the "Tao" (Way), and the balance of yinand yang. In contrast to the more practical social philosophy of Confucianism, Taoism advocates withdrawal from secular engagements. Taoism spread throughout China, eventually becoming a dominant religion that coexisted with the Confucian sociopolitical structure of Chinese 402

Glossary

society. Along with Lao-tzu, the Yellow Emperor is believed to be one of the founders of Taoism. See also Confucianism; Lao-tzu; Yellow Emperor; yin and yang.

Tathågata ("Thus-come"): An epithet for a Buddha, popularly construed as meaning "one who has come from thusness.

" See also thusness.

Tathågata of Unhindered Light: Refers to Amida; "unhindered light" is one of the twelve kinds of light possessed by Amida. See also Amida; twelve kinds of light.

Tathågata of Unhindered Light Shining Throughout the Ten Directions: Vasubandhu refers to Amida by this name in his Discourse on the Pure Land. See also Amida; Discourse on the Pure Land; twelve kinds of light; Vasubandhu.

Teaching Assembly of the Tathågata of Infinite Life: One of the five extant Chinese translations of the Larger Sutra, produced by Bodhiruci during the T'ang dynasty, between 706-713. See also Bodhiruci; Larger Sutra. Tendai school: Japanese form of the T'ien-t'ai school, brought to Japan from China in the eighth century by the monk Saichø. See also T'ien-t'ai school.

ten directions: The eight directions, comprised of the four cardinal directions (north, east, south, and west), the four intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest), plus the zenith and nadir. As a general term, it refers to the entire sphere of reality; everywhere. ten equalities: The mind of equanimity does not discriminate in regard to any of the following ten things: 1) sentient beings, 2) dharmas, 3) purity, 4) generosity (dåna), 5) precepts (Ω∆la), 6) forbearance or patience (k≈ånti), 7) e›ort (v∆rya), 8) meditation (dhyåna), 9) wisdom (prajñå)—these last six are the six perfections; and 10) the purity of all dharmas. Those who have attained this mind will obtain superior rewards and enter the state of fearlessness. See also dharma; six perfections.

ten evil acts: The ten evil acts of body, speech, and mind: 1) killing living beings, 2) stealing, 3) committing adultery, 4) telling lies, 5) uttering harsh words, 6) uttering words that cause enmity between people, 7) engaging in idle talk, 8) greed, 9) anger, and 10) wrong views. ten powers: The powers attributed to a Buddha: 1) the ability to distinguish right and wrong, 2) knowing the karmas of all sentient beings of the past, present, and future, and their outcome, 3) knowing all forms of meditation, 4) knowing the superior and inferior capacities of sentient 403

Glossary

beings, 5) knowing what sentient beings desire and think, 6) knowing the di›erent levels of existence of sentient beings, 7) knowing the results of various methods of practice, 8) knowing the transmigratory states of all sentient beings and the courses of karma they follow, 9) knowing the past lives of all sentient beings and the nirvanic state of nondefilement, and 10) knowing how to destroy all evil passions. See also evil passions; karma; nirvana.

ten stages (bh¥mis): The final ten of the fifty-two stages attained by bodhisattvas on the path to Buddhahood. They are the stages of: 1) joy (pramu di tå-bh¥mi), 2) purity (vimalå-bh¥mi), 3) radiance (prabhåkar∆-bh¥mi), 4) blazing (arci≈mat∆-bh¥mi), 5) di›icult to conquer (su dur jayå-bh¥mi), 6) manifestation (abhimukh∆-bh¥mi), 7) far-reaching (d¥raµgamåbh¥mi), 8) immovable (acalå-bh¥mi), 9) wondrous wisdom (sådhumat∆bh¥mi), and 10) Dharma cloud (dharmameghå-bh¥mi). See also bodhisattva stages; fifty-two stages. third meditation heaven: The third of the four meditation heavens in the world of form. See also three worlds.

Thirteenth Vow: The thirteenth of the Forty-eight Vows made by Dharmåkara, who became Amida upon their fulfillment: "If, when I attain Buddhahood, my lifespan should be limited, even to the extent of a hundred thousand ko†is of nayutas of kalpas, may I not attain perfect enlightenment. " Also called "the vow of infinite life.

" As the result of this vow,

Amida became the Buddha of Infinite Life. See also Amida; Dharmåkara; Forty-eight Vows.

thirty-two physical marks of excellence: Buddhas and wheel-turning monarchs are said to possess thirty-two special physical characteristics, such as a protuberance on the top of the head, white curls of hair between the eyebrows, and so on. See also wheel-turning monarch. three ages of the Dharma: The three periods of the Dharma after the Buddha's nirvana: 1) the Age of the Right Dharma lasting for five hundred years after the Buddha's nirvana, in which his teaching is properly practiced and enlightenment can be attained; 2) the Age of the Semblance Dharma, the period of a thousand years following the Age of the Right Dharma, in which the Buddha's teaching is practiced but enlightenment is no longer possible; 3) the Age of the Decadent Dharma, the period of ten thousand years following the Age of the Semblance Dharma, in which only the teaching of the Buddha exists but correct practice is no longer possible. After the three ages of the Dharma comes the Age of the Extinct Dharma, in which the Dharma becomes totally extinct. See also Age of the Decadent Dharma; Age of the Extinct Dharma; Age of the Right Dharma; Age of the Semblance Dharma; five five hundred-year periods. 404

Glossary

three bodies of the Buddha (trikåya): The three bodies in which a Buddha may take form: the Dharma body (dharmakåya), the primordial body of a Buddha, which is identical with true suchness, nirvana; the recompensed body (saµbhogakåya), a body of enjoyment acquired by Buddhas upon the absolute perfection of their practice; and the accommodated body or transformed body (nirmå√akåya), an infinite number of forms in which Buddhas, out of their great compassion, reveal themselves to help living beings. See also accommodated body; recompensed body; true suchness; two kinds of Dharma bodies.

three calamities: According to Buddhist mythology, there are three minor calamities that will occur at the end of the world: cosmic fire, worldwide floods, and strong winds that destroy everything. The terms also refers to the three minor calamities that occur at a time of major cosmic changes: 1) killing with knives and swords, 2) prevalence of epidemics, and 3) famine.

Three Discourse school (Chinese, Sanlun; Japanese, Sanron): A school of Mahayana Buddhism founded in the fifth century in China, which drew its doctrinal basis from three Mådhyamika texts: Någårjuna's Discourse on the Middle (Madhyamaka-kårikå) and Twelve-gate Discourse (Dvåda -Ωadvåra-Ωåstra*) and the Hundred-verse Discourse (¸ata-Ωåstra*) by Åryadeva. The doctrine was systematized by Chi-tsang. See also Chitsang; Åryadeva; Mådhyamika school; Mahayana; Någårjuna. Three Emperors: The three legendary emperors of ancient China: 1) Fou Hsi, who is said to have invented the Chinese system of writing from mystic diagrams seen on the back of a tortoise, and also taught people how to cook the flesh of animals for food; 2) Shen Nung, the fabled teacher of animal husbandry, etc.; 3) and the Yellow Emperor. See alsoYellow Emperor. three evil realms: The three lower realms of rebirth in samsara: the realm of hell, the realm of hungry ghosts, and the realm of animals. See also four realms; hungry ghost; samsara; six realms; three realms of transmigration. three gates of liberation: Liberation attained through the realization of emptiness, formlessness, and desirelessness. three good realms: The three higher realms of rebirth in samsara—the realm of humans, the realm of asuras, and the realm of devas. See also asura; deva; samsara.

three grades of aspirants: The higher, middle, and lower grades of aspirants for birth in the Pure Land, as distinguished in the Larger Sutra. See also Larger Sutra; Pure Land.

405

Glossary

three insights: Insights into the nature of dharmas: 1) insight into reality through hearing the sacred sound, 2) insight into reality by coming into accord with it, and 3) insight into the non-arising of all dharmas. See also insight into the non-arising of all dharmas.

three KåΩyapa brothers: Three brothers of the KåΩyapa clan who became the Buddha's disciples: Uruvilvå KåΩyapa, Nad∆ KåΩyapa, and Gayå KåΩyapa; they formerly were Brahmanists.

three kinds of awe: According to Chinese notions of moral virtue, three things that people of virtue should respect: Heaven's mandate, the words (teachings) of great humans, and the words (teachings) of sages. three kinds of bodhi: The three distinct types of enlightenment achieved by those of the three vehicles: Ωråvakas, pratyekabuddhas, and bodhisattvas respectively. See also bodhi; bodhisattva; pratyekabuddha; Ωråvaka; three vehicles.

three kinds of compassion: 1) "Small compassion,

" the compassion that arises

from merely perceiving sentient beings; this is awakened in the minds of ordinary people or followers of the Hinayana; 2) "medium compassion, "

the compassion that arises from the observation of the component elements (aggregates) of sentient beings; this is awakened in the minds of arhats or bodhisattvas below the first stage; 3) "great compassion, " the

compassion that arises from the realization of emptiness; this is awakened in the minds of bodhisattvas of the first stage or higher. See also arhat; bodhisattva; bodhisattva stages; emptiness; first stage; five aggregates; Hinayana; ten stages.

three kinds of glorious accomplishment: The Pure Land, Amida, and the bodhisattvas in the Pure Land. See also Amida; bodhisattva; Pure Land. three kinds of illness di‡cult to cure: A reference to the three kinds of people di‡cult to save. See also three kinds of people who are di‡cult to save. three kinds of people who are di‡cult to save: 1) Those who have committed the five grave o›enses, 2) those who have abused the Dharma, and 3) those who have no stock of merit (icchantikas) and, hence, no possibility of becoming a Buddha. See also five grave o›enses; icchantika. three kinds of pleasure: According to T'an-luan, 1) external pleasure, or pleasure arising from the five sense perceptions, 2) internal pleasure, or pleasure arising from meditation in the world of form, and 3) the pleasure of the Dharma music, or bliss arising from wisdom, which arises from love of the Buddha's merit. See also sense perceptions; three worlds. 406

Glossary

three kinds of sensation: Painful, pleasant, and neutral (neither painful nor pleasant).

three kinds of vital energy: The vital energy of the earth, of sentient beings, and of the Right Dharma. See also Right Dharma.

three learnings: 1) Observance of the precepts (Ω∆la), 2) meditation (samådhi), and 3) cultivation of wisdom (prajñå).

three luminous bodies: The sun, moon, and stars.

three meritorious acts: According to the Contemplation Sutra these are: 1) caring for one's parents, attending to one's teachers and elders, compassionately refraining from killing, and doing the ten good deeds; 2) taking the three refuges, keeping the various precepts, and refraining from breaking the rules of conduct; and 3) awakening aspiration for enlightenment (bodhi-mind), believing deeply in the law of causality, chanting the Mahayana sutras, and encouraging people to follow the Mahayana teachings. See also bodhi-mind; Contemplation Sutra; law of causality; Mahayana.

three minds: In the Contemplation Sutra, the three minds are sincere mind, deep mind, and the mind aspiring for birth by merit transference. In the Eighteenth Vow in the Larger Sutra, they are sincere mind, joyful faith, and desire for birth. See also Contemplation Sutra; Eighteenth Vow; Larger Sutra.

three modes of action: The three types of action, of body (i.e., physical acts), of speech, and of mind (i.e., thoughts) done by human beings that produce karmic seeds.

three painful states of existence. See three realms of transmigration. three poisons: Greed, or craving; anger, or hatred; and ignorance, or delusion. three Pure Land sutras: The three main canonical texts of the Pure Land school—the Larger Sutra, the Contemplation Sutra, and the Amida Sutra (also known as the Smaller Sutra). (See the BDK edition, The Three Pure Land Sutras, Revised Second Edition, translated by INAGAKI Hisao, Numata Center, 2003.) See also Amida Sutra; Contemplation Sutra; Larger Sutra; Pure Land school.

three realms of transmigration: The three lowest of the six realms of rebirth in samsara, the realms of hell, hungry ghosts, and animals. Also called the three painful states of existence or the three realms of su›ering. See also four realms; samsara; six realms.

407

Glossary

three refuges: Taking refuge in the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha. three sages: Three famous sages of ancient China: Lao-tzu, Confucius, and Yen-hui, Confucius' chief disciple. See also Confucius; Lao-tzu. three stages of sagehood: Refers to thirty of the fifty-two stages leading to Buddhahood, that is, the ten stages of dwelling, those of practice, and those of merit transference. See also fifty-two stages. three supernatural faculties: The three special faculties attained by a Buddha, bodhisattva, or arhat: 1) the ability to know one's former lives and those of others, 2) the ability to know one's future destiny and that of others, and 3) the ability to know all the su›ering of the present life and of removing its root cause, i.e., the evil passions. See also arhat; bodhisattva; evil passions.

three thousand great thousand worlds (trisåhasra-mahåsåhasra-lokadhåtava˙): A unit of the world system containing a thousand million worlds. A thousand worlds, each having Mount Sumeru at its center, make a small one thousand world; a thousand of these worlds make a medium one thousand world; a thousand of these worlds make a great one thousand world; through triple multiplication, the term becomes "three thousand great thousand worlds. " It is said that a Buddha reigns over such

a world system of this dimension.

three thousand worlds. See three thousand great thousand worlds. Three Treasures: Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha.

three vehicles: The Buddhist teachings and practice for Ωråvakas, pratyekabuddhas, and bodhisattvas, respectively. See also bodhisattva; pratyekabuddha; Ωråvaka. three virtues: The three virtues of the Buddha—the Dharma body, prajñå, and liberation.

three worlds: The three classifications of samsaric states of existence: the world of desire (kåmadhåtu), this world of su›ering; the world of form (r¥padhåtu) inhabited by those who have severed all desires but still experience the world as form; and the world of non-form (år¥pyadhåtu), inhabited by those who have severed all desires and attachment to form but have not yet attained enlightenment. See also samsara. three times: Past, present, and future.

thusness (tathatå): The state of things as they are; ultimate reality; true suchness. See also true suchness; ultimate reality.

408

Glossary

T'ien-t'ai school (Japanese, Tendai): A school of Mahayana Buddhism based on the Lotus Sutra; also the popular name of the monk Chih-i who systematized T'ien-t'ai school teachings. See also Chih-i; Lotus Sutra; Tendai school.

tranquility and non-action: Descriptive term for the nirvana realm of the Pure Land. See also nirvana; Pure Land.

transformed body. See accommodated body; three bodies of the Buddha. Transformed Land: The land provisionally manifested by Amida to take in followers of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Vows, that is, practitioners of the Nembutsu and other meritorious acts with self-power; this land is manifested in di›erent forms according to the di›erent natures of the aspirants' devotional practices. See also Amida; Nembutsu; Nineteeth Vow; self-power; Twentieth Vow.

transmigration. See samsara; three realms of transmigration. Trapu≈a: With his younger brother Bhallika, one of the Buddha's first disciples. He and his brother met the Buddha four weeks after his enlightenment and o›ered him food; Trapu≈a became a lay Buddhist and Bhallika became a Buddhist monk. Treasure Land: Refers to the Pure Land.

Treasure-store (Ratnagarbha): The name of a Buddha. The son of the brahman Samudrare√u and King Ara√emi's minister, he renounced the world and became the Buddha of this name; under his guidance, Amida, ¸åkyamuni, and other Buddhas awakened aspiration for bodhi and became Buddhas. See also Amida; Ara√emi; bodhi; ¸åkyamuni; Samudrare√u. Tripi†aka ("three baskets"): The three divisions of the Buddhist canon. In the Pali Canon, the divisions are the Sutras (the Buddha's teachings), the Vinaya (the monastic code), and the Abhidharma (commentaries on the Buddha's teachings). See also Pali Canon.

Tripi†aka master: One who is well versed in all the three divisions of the Buddhist canon; a title of respect for a monk with an extensive knowledge of Buddhism. See also Tripi†aka.

true and provisional vows: The true vow is the Eighteenth Vow; the provisional vows are the Nineteenth and Twentieth Vows. See also Eighteenth Vow; Nineteenth Vow; Twentieth Vow.

true gate: Specifically, the teaching of the Twentieth Vow, or the explicit 409

Glossary

teaching of the Amida Sutra. See also Amida Sutra; essential gate; Twentieth Vow; Universal Vow.

true mind: True faith endowed by Amida; same as joyful faith. See also joyful faith.

true reality: 1) Ultimate reality, true suchness; 2) the conception of nirvana as complete extinction in the Hinayana. See also Hinayana; nirvana; true suchness; ultimate reality.

True Recompensed Land: Amida's land of infinite light and life where followers of the Eighteenth Vow are reborn and attain enlightenment. It is distinguished from the provisional Transformed Lands that are established for followers of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Vows. See also Amida; Eighteenth Vow; Nineteenth Vow; Pure Land; Recompensed Land; Transformed Land; Twentieth Vow.

true suchness: Ultimate reality; things as they are; thusness. See also thusness; ultimate reality. Tsung-hsiao (1151-1214): The compiler of the Collection of Passages on the Land of Bliss (Le-pang wen-lei).

Tulå: One of the twelve astrological houses; corresponds to Libra. Tu≈ita Heaven: The fourth of the six heavens in the world of desire, in which the future Buddha Maitreya now dwells preaching the Dharma to devas. See also deva; Maitreya; three worlds.

Twelfth Vow: The twelfth of the Forty-eight Vows made by Dharmåkara, who became Amida Buddha upon their fulfillment: "If, when I attain Buddhahood, my light should be limited, illuminating even a hundred thousand ko†is of nayutas of Buddha lands, may I not attain perfect enlightenment. "

This is called "the vow of infinite light,

" based on which Amida became a

Buddha of infinite light. See also Amida; Dharmåkara; Forty-eight Vows. twelve causations: The twelve links (nidåna) in the chain of the law of causality that explain the origin of the condition of birth and death (samsara) to which living beings are bound: 1) basic ignorance (avidyå), 2) blind volition (saµskåra), 3) consciousness (vijñåna), 4) name and form (nåmar¥pa), i.e., mental functions and the formation of physical elements, 5) the six sense bases (≈a∂åyatana), 6) contact with the external sense objects (sparΩa), 7) sensations (vedanå), 8) desire or craving (t®≈nå), 9) grasping or clinging (upådåna), 10) existence (bhåva), 11) birth (jåti), and 12) old age and death (jarå-mara√a). See also law of causality; samsara; sense bases; sense objects. 410

Glossary

twelve divisions of scriptures: The classical division of the Buddhist scriptures into twelve types according to their di›erent styles of exposition: 1) s¥tra, the Buddha's exposition of the Dharma in prose; 2) geya, verses that repeat ideas already expressed in prose; 3) gåthå, verses containing ideas not expressed in the prose section of a sutra; 4) nidåna, narratives of happenings in the past which explain a person's present state; 5) itiv®ttaka, narratives of past lives of the Buddha's disciples; 6) jåtaka, narratives of past lives of the Buddha; 7) adbhuta-dharma, accounts of miracles performed by the Buddha or deities; 8) avadåna, an exposition of the Dharma through allegories; 9) upadeΩa, discussions of doctrine, often in question-and-answer form; 10) udåna, an exposition of the Dharma by the Buddha without awaiting questions or requests from his disciples; 11) vaipulya, an extensive exposition of principles of truth; and 12) vyåkara√a, prophecies by the Buddha regarding his disciples' attainment of Buddhahood.

twelve kinds of light: According to the Larger Sutra, Amida possesses the following kinds of light: 1) infinite light, 2) boundless light, 3) unhindered light, 4) incomparable light, 5) light of the king of flame, 6) pure light, 7) light of joy, 8) light of wisdom, 9) unceasing light, 10) inconceivable light, 11) ine›able light, and 12) light outshining the sun and moon. See also Amida; Larger Sutra.

Twentieth Vow: The twentieth of the Forty-eight Vows, as explicated in the Larger Sutra, made by Dharmåkara, who became Amida Buddha upon their fulfillment: "If, when I attain Buddhahood, sentient beings in the lands of the ten directions who, having heard my Name, concentrate their thoughts on my land, plant roots of virtue, and sincerely transfer their merits toward my land with a desire to be born there should not eventually fulfill their aspiration, may I not attain perfect enlightenment. " Shinran calls this vow by various names: "the vow of planting roots of virtue,

" "the vow ensuring the birth of those who direct their thoughts [to the Pure Land],

" "the vow of unfailing accomplishment of

the ultimate salvation,

" "the vow of sincere mind and merit transference,

"

and "the vow of the true gate.

" Those who practice according to this vow

are to be born in the Transformed Lands. See also Amida; Dhar må kara; Forty-eight Vows; Larger Sutra; merit transference; Name; store of virtue; true gate.

twenty-eight constellations: The celestial sphere is divided into twenty-eight sections along the ecliptic, to which are allocated the twenty-eight constellations, from Spica to Corvus. twenty-five bodhisattvas: The bodhisattvas mentioned in the Sutra on the Ten Ways of Attaining Birth(Shih wang sheng ching), including Avalo kiteΩvara 411

Glossary

and Mahåsthåmapråpta; they accompany Amida to welcome aspirants to the Pure Land. See also Amida; AvalokiteΩvara; Mahåsthåmapråpta; Pure Land.

twenty-five states of existence: The three worlds are divided into twenty-five states of existence, which include the four great continents, the four evil realms, the six heavens in the world of desire, the Brahmå Heaven, the Heaven of No-thought, the Heaven of Pure Abode, the Four Meditation Heavens, and the Four Heavens of Space-abodes. See also four great continents; three worlds.

twenty-nine aspects: According to Vasubandhu, there are seventeen glorious aspects of the Pure Land, eight of Amida, and four of the bodhisattvas in the Pure Land; together these glorious aspects of the Pure Land number twenty-nine. See also Amida; Pure Land; Vasubandhu. twenty-ninth state of existence: On attaining the stage of stream-winner the practitioner will be subject to transmigration no more than twenty-eight more times before attaining nirvana, that is, seven times each in the human and heavenly realms and fourteen times in the intermediate states between death and rebirth. See also nirvana; stream-winner. Twenty-second Vow: The twenty-second of the Forty-eight Vows, as explicated in the Larger Sutra, made by Dharmåkara, who became Amida Buddha upon their fulfillment: "If, when I attain Buddhahood, bodhisattvas in the Buddha lands of the other directions who visit my land should not ultimately and unfailingly reach the stage of becoming a Buddha after one more life, may I not attain perfect enlightenment. Excepted are those who wish to teach and guide sentient beings in accordance with their original vows. For they will wear the armor of great vows, accumulate merit, deliver all beings from birth and death, visit Buddha lands to perform the bodhisattva practices, make o›erings to Buddha Tathågatas throughout the ten directions, enlighten countless sentient beings as numerous as the sands of the Ganges River, and establish them in highest, perfect enlightenment. Such bodhisattvas transcend the course of practice of ordinary bodhisattvas, manifest the practices of all the bodhisattva stages, and cultivate the virtues of Sa man tabhadra. " This vow is called "the vow of unfailing attainment of the rank next to Buddha, " "the vow of attainment of

Buddhahood after one lifetime,

" and also "the vow of the merit transference

for our return to this world.

" Based on the fulfillment of this vow, those

born in the Pure Land where they attain enlightenment can freely visit other worlds to save beings. See also Amida; Dharmåkara; Forty-eight Vows; Larger Sutra; merit transference; Pure Land.

twin Ωålatrees: Originally, the trees under which ¸åkyamuni entered complete 412

Glossary

nirvana; Shinran uses this term to refer to the Transformed Land where the followers of the Nineteenth Vow are to be born. See also birth beneath the twin Ωåla trees; Nineteeth Vow; nirvana; ¸åkyamuni; Shinran; Transformed Land. two emperors: Two legendary rulers of China, Fou Hsi and Nu Wa, his sister and successor.

two fruits of reward: The reward for one's past karma is of two kinds: one's physical existence and environment; the former is the principal reward, and the latter the dependent reward. In the case of Amida, the glorious physical features and mental activities of Amida himself and the bodhisattvas who attend him are the principal reward, and the Pure Land is the dependent reward. See also Amida; karma; Pure Land. two kinds of delusion: Delusion that arises from false discrimination and innate and more deeply rooted delusion.

two kinds of Dharma bodies: According to T'an-luan, Buddhas and bodhisattvas have two kinds of Dharma bodies: 1) the Dharma body of the Dharma-nature which is identical with ultimate reality; and 2) Dharma bodies of expediency, which are their manifestations as accommodated or transformed bodies. See also accommodated body; Dharma-nature; three bodies of the Buddha; ultimate reality.

two kinds of good acts: Practices of meditative good and non-meditative good as presented in the Contemplation Sutra. See also Contemplation Sutra; meditative good; non-meditative good.

two kinds of practice: Shan-tao distinguishes the Pure Land practices into two: 1) right practice that ensures birth in the Pure Land, which is further distinguished into five right acts; and 2) sundry practices. See also five right acts; Pure Land; Shan-tao; sundry practices. two kinds of seeing: 1) Seeing Buddha-nature with the eyes and 2) realizing it through hearing. See also Buddha-nature.

two kinds of recompensed glorious adornments: Amida's glorious physical manifestations and the Pure Land. See also Amida; Pure Land. two kinds of wisdom: 1) The wisdom of knowing ultimate reality; and 2) the wisdom of knowing the discriminative aspects of existence. See also ultimate reality. two sages: The two Buddhas Amida and ¸åkyamuni. See also Amida; ¸åkyamuni. 413

Glossary

two vehicles: The teachings and paths of practice for Ωråvakas and pratyekabuddhas. See also pratyekabuddha; Ωråvaka. Tzu and Seng: Two rivers in Shan-tung Province, China; the waters of each are di›erent but on entering the sea they are said to "become of one taste.

"

Tz'u-min (680-748): Founder of the Tz'u-min school of Pure Land Buddhism; he studied Buddhism in India for thirteen years and received the Nembutsu teaching; on returning to China, he continued to practice the Nembutsu and spread it widely. See also Nembutsu; Pure Land school. Tz'u-yun (964-1032): A T'ien-t'ai monk who built a hermitage near Mount T'ien-t'ai where he practiced the Nembutsu samådhi; he propagated both T'ien-t'ai and Nembutsu teachings. See also Nembutsu; Nembutsu samådhi; T'ien-t'ai school.

u∂umbara: A kind of fig tree that is said to bloom only once in three thousand years; used to describe the rare appearance of a Buddha. ultimate reality: Ultimate truth; things as they really are, true suchness; the state of enlightenment in which ultimate reality is apprehended. unconditioned dharma (asaµsk®ta): The state of existence beyond change; the noumenal world; ultimate reality; nirvana; true suchness. The term is contrasted with conditioned dharma (saµsk®ta), which refers to the phenomenal world or the world of transience. See also dharma; nirvana; true suchness.

Unhindered One: Refers to a Buddha.

Universal Vow: Refers to Amida's Primal Vow; also the Other-Power teaching of the Eighteenth Vow of the Larger Sutra. See also Amida; Eighteenth Vow; essential gate; Primal Vow; true gate.

universe of a thousand million worlds. See three thousand great thousand worlds.

Upasena: A brahman.

Uttara-a≈å∂hå: One of the twenty-eight constellations, corresponding to six stars in Sagittarius. See also twenty-eight constellations. Uttara-bhådrapadå: One of the twenty-eight constellations, corresponding to one star in Pegasus and one star in Andromeda. See also twenty-eight constellations.

414

Glossary

Uttarakuru: One of the four great continents surrounding Mount Sumeru; this continent lies to the north of it. See also four great continents. Uttara-phålgun∆: One of the twenty-eight constellations, corresponding to twenty-two stars in Crater and Hydra. See also twenty-eight constellations. Vaideh∆: King Bimbisåra's wife; imprisoned by her son, AjåtaΩatru, she requested the Buddha to teach her the way of liberation from su›ering. This led to the delivery of the Contemplation Sutra. See also AjåtaΩatru; Bimbisåra; Contemplation Sutra.

Vairocana: (Japanese, Dainichi and Birushana; literally, "illuminating"):

The principal Buddha in the Garland Sutra and in the Shingon school; in the Garland Sutra, he is a Recompensed Buddha dwelling in the Lotus-store World and emitting great floods of light to illumine countless worlds. See also Garland Sutra; Lotus-store World ; Shingon school. VaiΩrava√a: One of the four great heavenly kings, the guardian god of the North. See also four great heavenly kings.

Vajj∆: One of the sixteen great kingdoms in India at the time of the Buddha. See also sixteen great kingdoms.

vajra: Adamant; a very hard material that is identified with diamond or the essential substance of gold; often used as an analogy for something that is indestructible, e.g., the Buddha's wisdom or faith of the Other-Power. Vaµsa: One of the sixteen great kingdoms in India at the time of the Buddha. See also sixteen great kingdoms.

Vangåmagadha: One of the sixteen great kingdoms in India at the time of the Buddha. See also sixteen great kingdoms.

Var≈akåra: A minister of King Bimbisåra. See also Bimbisåra. vår≈ika: A fragrant tree that blooms during the rainy season. Vasubandhu (320-400): A great exponent of the Abhidharma and Yogåcåra philosophy, especially the Consciousness Only school; author of the Abhi dharma-koΩa, the Discourse on the Consciousness Only Doctrine, and the Discourse on the Pure Land. The second of the Seven Patriarchs of Shin Buddhism. See also Abhidharma; Consciousness Only school; Discourse on the Pure Land; Seven Patriarchs; Shin school; Yogåcåra. vertical going-out: Refers to the teachings of the path of sages for the gradual attainment of enlightenment (bodhi) requiring many kalpas of practice, 415

Glossary

such as is taught in the Hossø and Three Discourse schools. See also bodhi; crosswise going-out; crosswise transcendence; Hossø school; kalpa; path of sages; Three Discourse school; vertical transcendence. vertical transcendence: Refers to the Mahayana teachings for the rapid attainment of enlightenment (bodhi), such as is taught in the Kegon, Tendai, and Shingon schools. See also bodhi; crosswise going-out; crosswise transcendence; Kegon school; Mahayana; Shingon school; Tendai school; vertical going-out.

Vinaya: Precepts and rules of conduct for monastics; along with the Abhi dharma and the Sutras, one of the three divisions of the Buddhist Canon (Tripi†aka). See also Tripi†aka.

Vinaya school: Buddhist school based on the Vinaya texts. See also Vinaya. virtuous masters: Refers particularly to the Seven Patriarchs of Shin Buddhism. See also Seven Patriarchs; Shin school.

Vir¥∂haka: One of the four great heavenly kings; the guardian god of the south. See also four great heavenly kings.

Vir¥påk≈a: One of the four great heavenly kings; the guardian god of the west. See also four great heavenly kings.

ViΩåkhå: One of the twenty-eight constellations, corresponding to four stars in Libra. See also twenty-eight constellations.

vow-mind: Amida's wish to save all sentient beings. See also Amida. vow of great compassion: Amida's Vow of salvation, particularly the Seventeenth Vow and the Twelfth and Thirteenth Vows. See also Seventeenth Vow; Thirteenth Vow; Twelfth Vow.

vow of sincere mind and joyful faith: The Eighteenth Vow. See also Eighteenth Vow.

vow of unfailing attainment of nirvana: The Eleventh Vow. See also Eighteenth Vow. vows of light and life: The vow of infinite light (Twelfth Vow) and the Vow of infinite life (Thirteenth Vow). See also Thirteenth Vow; Twelfth Vow. Vow-Power: The power generated by Amida's Primal Vow to fulfill that vow. See also Amida; Primal Vow.

V®≈a: One of the twelve astrological houses, corresponding to Taurus. 416

Glossary

V®Ωcika: One of the twelve astrological houses, corresponding to Scorpio. Way: The ultimate state of enlightenment; bodhi; also refers to the Buddhist path. See also bodhi.

Western Land: Amida's Pure Land. See also Amida; Pure Land. wheel of the Dharma: The Buddha's teaching, which is taught interminably and without hindrance, like the precious wheel of the wheel-turning monarch. See also Dharma; wheel-turning monarch.

wheel-turning monarch (cakravartin): The ideal king, as conceived of in Indian philosophy, who rules the world with a special wheel (cakra) that flies through the air and destroys his enemies; said to possess seven treasures, including the wheel. See also seven treasures. White Lotus Society: Originally founded by Hui-yüan in 402 on Mount Lu in China, the objective of this sect was to practice meditation on Amida in accordance with the Pratyutpanna Samådhi Sutra, with a view to attaining rebirth in the Pure Land. This marked the beginning of Pure Land Buddhism in China. This type of Nembutsu samådhi flourished from the end of the T'ang dynasty through the Sung dynasty. In the twelfth century, Tzu-yüan became a Pure Land follower and built a hermitage called "White Lotus" in which to practice meditation and promulgate the teaching; his tradition was called the "White Lotus school. " This school introduced a new development in the fourteenth century by adopting the theory of the appearance of the future Buddha Maitreya in the world. A member of the sect, Han Shan-tong, formed a clandestine religious group that proposed to change the political regime and realize an ideal world through Maitreya's grace. In 1351, he staged an armed uprising against the government with three thousand followers but was captured and killed. This incident triggered prolonged social disturbance in China, leading to a number of uprisings. By the beginning of the Yüan dynasty, this and similar groups associated with the White Lotus school were banned by secular authorities. See also Amida; Maitreya; Nembutsu samådhi; Pratyutpanna Samådhi Sutra; Pure Land school.

wisdom-perfection: (prajñå-påramitå): One of the six perfections. See also six perfections.

womb palace: A figurative expression for the Transformed Land; though born in the Pure Land, aspirants who harbor doubt are enclosed in lotus buds, as in a mother's womb, and are unable to see the Buddha and bodhisattvas or hear the Dharma. See also Pure Land; Transformed Land. World Eye: An epithet for the Buddha.

417

Glossary

World Hero: An epithet for the Buddha.

World-honored One: One of the ten titles of the Buddha. worldly paths: The miscellaneous practices of ethical and religious good performed with relative thoughts and judgments; these practices end in repeating the cycle of birth and death (samsara) and do not lead to the transcendent wisdom of a Buddha or bodhisattva. See also bodhisattva; samsara.

World Valiant One: An epithet for the Buddha.

wrongly established stage: The stage attained by those who follow the Nineteenth Vow and practice the Nembutsu and other good acts with selfpower; they will be born in the Transformed Land. See also Nembutsu; Nineteenth Vow; not definitely established; rightly established stage; self-power; Transformed Land.

yak≈a: A kind of demon, fearsome in appearance; a type of demigod; one of the eight kinds of supernatural beings who protect Buddhism. Yao and Shun: Legendary emperors of China, renowned for their ideal rule of the country.

Yellow Emperor: A legendary monarch of China, said to have established the system of weights and measures, musical scales, standards of clothing, the monetary system, etc.; along with Lao-tzu, believed to be one of the founders of Taoism. See also Lao-tzu; Taoism.

yin and yang: In Taoism, the balance of the negative and positive principles, or energies, of the universe. See also Taoism.

Yogåcåra school: Along with the Mådhyamika school, one of the two major Mahayana schools of Indian Buddhism. According to tradition, it was founded by Maitreya; the original teachings advocated realization of ultimate reality through the meditative practice of unity (yoga). The fourth-century Indian masters Asaçga and Vasubandhu further developed Yogåcåra doctrines but as they devoted more attention to the systematization of the teaching of "consciousness only" (vijñapti-måtra) rather than the meditative practice itself, the name "Consciousness Only" came to be used for the Yogåcåra school. The monk-scholars Sthiramati, Dignåga, and Dharmapåla further developed the doctrines of this school and it was later transmitted to China where it was known as the Fa-hsiang school. See also Consciousness Only school; Mådhyamika school; Mahayana; Maitreya; Vasubandhu.

418

Glossary

yojana: An Indian unit of distance, roughly equivalent to seven to nine miles, based on the distance the royal army could march in one day; one yojana is equivalent to forty Chinese li. See also li.

Yüan-chao (1048-1116): First studied the T'ien-t'ai teachings and later became a master of the Vinaya school; when he became ill he realized his powerlessness and took refuge in Amida. See also Amida; T'ien-t'ai school; Vinaya school.

Yung-ch'in: A Vinaya master and Yüan-chao's disciple; he is said to have practiced the Nembutsu thirty thousand times a day. See also Nembutsu; Vinaya school; Yüan-chao.

419

Bibliography

Hirota, Dennis, et al., trans.

"The Teaching, Practice and Realization of the

Pure Land Way,

" in the Collected Works of Shinran. Kyoto: Jødo Shinsh¥ Hongwanji-ha, 1997. Translation of the entire text with notes and glossary. Inagaki, Hisao, et al., trans. The Kyø Gyø Shin Shø. Kyoto: Ryukoku Translation, Ryukoku University, 1966. Translation of Shinran's own comments and important quotations with the original text, romanized transcription, and notes.

Inagaki, Saizo, trans. Kyøgyøshinshø. Buddhist Publication Series No. 2. Kyoto: English Publication Bureau, Hompa Hongwanji, 1954. Introductory essay and translation of the General Preface, the Chapter on the True Teaching, and part of the Chapter on the True Practice. Sugihira, Shizutoshi, trans. Kyøgyøshinshø Monrui. The Eastern Buddhist, Vol. 8, nos. 3-4. Annotated translation of the General Preface, the Chapter on the True Teaching, and part of the Chapter on the True Practice. Suzuki, D. T., trans. The Kyøgyøshinshø. Kyoto: Shinsh¥ Otani-ha, 1973. Translation of the first four chapters.

Yamamoto, Kosho, trans. Kyøgyøshinshø. Tokyo: Karinbunko, 1958. Translation of the entire text with footnotes and glossary. 421

Index

A

Abhaya 142

Abhidharma-koΩa 167

abode(s) 6, 8, 16, 54, 175, 181, 263, 305, 326

accommodated body. Seebody of the Buddha

act of right assurance (see also right act) xviii, 57-8, 76, 93, 244, 245, 338

acts of body, speech, and mind (see alsothree modes of action) 90, 103, 143, 193, 245

agadamedicine 115

Ågamas 28

Age of the Decadent Dharma 79, 249, 250, 273, 274, 276-7, 278-9, 281-6, 288, 290, 314 Age of the Extinct Dharma 71, 79, 273, 289

Age of the Right Dharma 273, 274, 276, 278-9, 281-6, 290

Age of the Semblance Dharma 79, 221, 273, 274, 276, 278, 281-6, 287, 288

Aid to Bodhi(see also Provision for Bodhi) 14

AjåtaΩatru 3, 12, 136-55, 239, 325 Ajita 236

AjitakeΩakambala 141, 145 Ajitavat∆ River 322

Amida xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, xviii, xx, 4, 5, 9, 17, 21, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 50, 51, 52, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 63, 67, 68, 69, 71, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 83-4, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 105, 111, 112, 117, 119, 121, 124, 125, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 169, 171, 172, 173, 174, 177, 178, 180, 189, 194, 196, 197, 199-201, 217, 218, 219, 221, 222, 223-4, 226, 227, 228, 233-4, 238, 239, 243-5, 246, 248, 250, 254, 256, 258, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 269, 280, 271, 272, 276, 333, 343 Light of 3, 4, 34, 59, 80 Amida Sutra(see alsoSmaller Sutra) xix, 37, 42, 54, 70, 91, 92, 244, 259, 260, 261, 264 Amitåyurdhyåna-s¥tra. See Contemplation Sutra A mi t'o ching i shu. See Commentary on the Amida Sutra AmoghapåΩakalpa-råja. See Sutra on AmoghapåΩa's Divine Manifestation and Mantra anågamin. Seenon-returner Ånanda 5-6, 7, 8, 11, 102, 158, 197-9, 208, 235, 259, 262, 289 Açga-Magadha 301

An le chi. See Collection of Passages on the Land of Peace and Bliss 423

Index

Anurådhå 301

anuttara-samyak-saµbodhi(see alsohighest, perfect enlightenment) 14, 17, 62, 63, 64, 65 Aparagodån∆ya 299, 301 Årdrå 300

Are√emi, King 48

arhat(s), arhatship (see alsosage) 7, 167, 168, 179, 201, 210, 225, 283

ÅΩle≈å 300

aspirants 41, 72, 73, 80, 92, 95, 125, 160, 234, 237, 239, 241 nine grades, levels of 55, 91, 123, 234, 244, 253, 255

three classes, grades, groups, levels of 116, 188, 223, 234, 239, 240

aspiration(s) 14, 23, 26, 27, 28-9, 37, 38, 40, 52, 86, 88, 94, 97, 98, 101, 107, 112, 114, 117, 128-9, 152, 188, 193, 247, 250, 258, 296 for birth. Seebirth, aspiration for for Buddhahood 91, 116, 122, 128 for enlightenment, bodhi(see also bodhi-mind) 13, 18, 116-7, 122, 136, 139-40, 145, 152, 153, 155, 188, 217, 226, 234 Assaka 302

astrological, astrology xix, 146, 299-300, 303, 304, 306, 312 asura(s) 199, 200, 292, 293, 305, 306, 330, 335

asura's harp 61, 196 AΩvagho≈a 230, 279

AΩvin∆ 299

August Sound King 46 Auspicious. SeeNu Wa Auspicious Kalpa 289, 309, 311 Auspicious Kalpa Sutra 277, 278 Australia xxi

424

auxiliary acts xviii, 58, 93, 245, 250, 252, 253, 254, 257, 272 avaivartika. Seestage, of non-retro gression AvalokiteΩvara 36, 41, 132 AvalokiteΩvara-bodhisattva-vyå ka ra√a-s¥tra. See Sutra on the Pre diction of Avalo kiteΩ vara's Buddhahood

Avant∆ 301

Avataµsaka-s¥tra. See Garland Sutra

Av∆ci hell (see alsohell) 85, 112, 138, 140, 147, 152, 157, 160, 161, 165, 166, 167, 315

B

Bahujanadhåra 140

benefit for others (see alsoselfbenefit) 23, 62-3, 90, 103, 196, 218, 243, 246, 251

Benevolent King Sutra 277, 280, 290

Bhadrakalpika-s¥tra. See Auspicious Kalpa Sutra Bhadr∆ka 140

Bhagavån-bhai≈ajyaguru-vai∂¥rya pra bhasya-p¥rva- pra√idhånaviΩe≈a-vistara. See Sutra on the Vows of the Buddha Medicine Master

Bhallika 305

Bhara√∆ 292, 299

bhik≈u. Seemonk

Bimbisåra 136, 144, 148, 155, 158 Biographies of Eminent Hermits 323

Biographies of Monks 53 birth, in the Pure Land xiv, xv, xvi, 3, 24, 26-7, 30, 33, 34, 35, 37-41,

45-50, 53, 55-8, 63, 65, 72, 73-4, 77, 79, 80, 84, 85, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 105, 111, 113, 117, 119, 120, 125, 132, 134, 160-2, 165-7, 171, 173, 174, 177, 188-9, 191, 193, 194, 198, 201, 214, 221, 223, 226, 227, 231, 233, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 244, 245, 246, 247, 251, 255, 256, 257, 258, 260-1, 263, 264, 270, 271, 337, 338

aspiration for 26, 35, 36, 39, 47, 86, 88, 94, 97, 98, 114, 194, 222, 235, 236, 238, 241, 245, 257, 258, 264, 272, 338 in the borderland 237, 251, 254 in the castle of doubt 233, 255 cause for 30, 47, 49, 59-61, 73, 76, 79, 80, 89, 100, 105, 121, 170, 231, 239, 251, 253, 254, 264, 272 desire for 10, 37, 48, 100-1, 111, 115, 250, 255

in the embryonic state 235, 236, 237, 251

incomprehensible 255, 257, 272 inconceivable 74, 231, 272 in the realm of sloth and pride 123, 233, 238, 254

beneath the twinΩålatrees 251, 272

two kinds of 240, 251

through Vow-Power 34, 47, 64, 91

in the womb palace 233, 237, 254, 255

birth and death (see alsosamsara, transmigration) 3, 14, 30, 32, 35, 57, 63, 64, 67, 73, 79, 90, 98, 100, 105, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 117, 119, 124-5, 129, 140, 169, 176, 179, 195, 211, 246, 251, 267, Index

269, 276, 294, 303, 308, 326, 338 Bob-wi 55

bodhi xvii, 6, 62, 116-7, 122, 123, 128, 140, 154, 155, 170, 172, 188, 189, 190-1, 192, 201, 203, 204, 211, 212, 213, 217, 224, 226, 234, 259, 265, 269, 295, 297, 208, 328, 349

bodhicitta(see alsobodhi-mind) 13, 18, 116-7, 188

bodhi-mind (see alsoaspiration, for enlightenment) xvi, xvii, 31, 99-100, 109, 115-6, 122, 128, 155, 216, 217, 222, 294, 332 Bodhiruci 78, 85

Bodhi-saµbhåra. See Aid to Bodhi bodhisattva(s) xv, xvii, 12, 15-24, 28, 36, 46, 50, 52, 53, 61-2, 63, 64-5, 66, 68, 74, 78, 81, 92, 99-100, 106, 112, 113, 116, 126, 128, 130, 132, 133, 135, 136, 146, 159, 161, 163, 167, 170, 173, 176-7, 178, 179, 181-8, 189, 190-1, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 198, 200, 201, 203, 204, 206, 212, 213, 218, 225, 226, 229, 230, 236, 237, 243, 246, 252, 253, 265, 268-9, 275, 279, 305, 306, 309, 310, 317, 319, 338-9, 349

-pi†aka 69-70, 241

practices xv, 48, 64, 90, 101, 103, 105, 111, 179, 195, 223 stages. Seestage

Bodhisattva-bh¥mi. See Sutra on the Bodhisattva Precepts Bodhisattva Ornament Sutra 275 bodhitree 234-5, 305

body(ies) of the Buddha (see also Dharma body; three bodies) 5, 21, 22, 52, 67, 88, 91, 128, 130, 144, 163, 164, 167, 168, 180, 211, 425

Index

212, 233, 289, 295

body(ies) of the Buddha (continued) accommodated 41, 78, 113, 169, 176, 182, 195, 196, 182, 223 of recompense, recompensed 49, 169, 223-4, 226, 313

transformed 36, 78, 113, 169, 176, 181, 182, 195, 196, 223, 224 Book of Chou 320

Book of Chuang-tzu 319, 322 Book of Hidden Truth of the Great Heaven 330

Book of Rites 320, 323, 334 Book of Shih 335

Book of Supreme Truth 330 Brahmå(s) 102, 298, 302, 303, 304, 306, 307, 309, 310, 311, 312 brahman(s) 102, 210, 308, 316 Buddha (see alsoAmida; Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha; ¸åkyamuni; Tathågata) xv, xvii, xix, 7, 8, 10, 11-14, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 32-3, 34-5, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42-3, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 58, 62, 63, 64, 66, 68, 69, 71, 74, 75, 76, 79, 80, 83, 89, 91 -2, 93, 95, 98, 101-2, 103, 104, 108, 110, 111, 112, 117, 120, 121, 122, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 134, 135, 136, 138, 143-4, 161, 170, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182, 183, 186, 187, 188, 189, 191, 193, 194, 197, 199-201, 203, 206, 212, 215, 217, 218, 222, 223, 224, 227, 228, 230-1, 233, 237, 240, 241, 242, 244, 246, 247, 249, 254, 255, 256, 257, 259, 260, 261, 263, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 276, 282, 283, 285, 286, 288, 290, 291, 426

294, 295, 297, 298, 301, 302, 311, 312-3, 313-4, 328-9, 332-3, 334, 337, 338, 339

and AjåtaΩatru 12, 145-6, 147-55 and Ånanda 5-6, 7, 8, 11, 102-3, 197-9, 259, 262, 289-90 and Brahmå 306-9

and Devadatta 155-9

disciple(s) of 11, 12, 29, 36, 91, 126, 134-5, 137, 138, 149, 153, 159

enlightenment of 20, 122, 124, 217 and Jyot∆rasa 295

and KåΩyapa 127-8, 202, 206-7, 208-11, 286-7

and Maitreya 59, 132, 133, 235-6, 236-7 and Maudgalyåyana 32-3 merit(s) of 19, 22, 46, 55, 112, 180, 184, 193

and Moon Matrix 303-6

nirvana of (see also parinirvå√a) 71, 145-6, 158-9, 201, 224, 226, 273, 274, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 286, 287, 314 and Påp∆yas 296

and Subh¥ti 224-6

and ¸uddhodana 29-30

teaching(s) of xiii, xvi, 20, 80, 91, 92, 93, 108, 134, 153, 168, 247, 252, 260, 261, 263, 265, 274, 276, 280

vehicle 66, 229

wisdom 235, 236-7, 272, 290 Buddha-carita. See Sutra on the Life of the Buddha

Buddha-carita-saµgraha-s¥tra. See Sutra on the Buddha's Past Lives Buddha-Dharma 18, 19, 23, 27, 28,

29, 86, 95, 107, 114, 127, 161, 179, 183, 209, 217, 274, 283, 289, 306, 307, 313, 332

Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha (see alsoThree Treasures) xvi, 57, 146, 154, 183, 202, 266, 291, 295 Buddha-dhyåna-samådhi-s¥tra. See Sutra on the Buddha-Contemplation Samådhi Buddhahood xv, 9, 11, 12, 16, 37, 42, 51, 52, 54, 58, 59, 63, 64, 66-7, 84, 91, 94, 101, 109, 116, 117, 118, 119, 122, 126, 128, 129, 132, 133, 167, 169, 175, 178, 181, 189, 197, 198, 200, 219, 234, 246, 258, 259, 269, 337, 339

Buddha land(s) (see alsoPure Land) 11, 12, 14, 46, 64, 74, 75, 85, 91, 103, 105, 112, 117, 120, 126, 131, 132, 133, 161, 166, 170, 178, 179, 181, 184, 186, 188, 189, 194, 195, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 217, 222, 230, 231, 234, 240, 297, 305, 310 Buddha-nature xvi, xvii, 8, 67, 104, 105-6, 134, 145, 155, 202, 203, 206, 207, 209, 212, 213, 229-30 Buddha of Inconceivable Light (see alsoAmida) 75, 198, 229

Buddha of Infinite Life (see also Amida) 5, 10, 11, 21, 25, 32-3, 55, 162, 197-9, 234, 235, 237, 259 Buddha of Infinite Light (see also Amida) 22, 229

Buddhas (see alsoBuddha Tathågatas) xviii-xix, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 29, 32, 33-4, 37-8, 39, 43, 49, 54-5, 66, 67, 71, 73, 74, 75, 83, 86, 87, 91, 92, 93, 94, 108, 109, 110, 118, 121, 122, 126, 127, 128, 131, 132, 133, 143, 146, 148, 150-Index 1, 153, 155, 161, 166, 177, 178, 181, 183, 184, 189, 198, 199, 200, 201, 203, 204, 206, 211, 213, 220, 221, 224, 225, 226, 231, 233, 256, 258, 260, 261, 268, 289, 294, 296, 306, 313, 333

Buddha Tathågatas (see also Tathågatas) 10, 11, 16, 64, 179, 183, 205-6, 213, 240

Buddha wisdom 235, 236, 237, 272, 290

Buddhist(s), Buddhism (see also Shin Budddhism) xiii, xiv, xvi, xviii, xix, 28, 56, 80, 95, 112, 163, 176, 177, 178, 189, 203, 204, 216, 282, 285, 287, 315, 316, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 332, 337

burning house (see alsosamsara) 60, 97, 99, 250, 275

C

cakravartin.Seewheel-turning monarch

campakatree 57

Caöa 141

Candle of the Latter Dharma 277 Candraprabha 140

CandrayaΩas 136-8, 140

Capital of Great Profundity 330-1 Catalog of Literature of the Book of Han 330

Catalog of Scriptures 53 Catalog of Taoist Scriptures 331 causes and conditions 27, 34, 141, 147

celestial maidens 299-301, 303, 305 Central Platform 319

Cet∆ 301

Chang-i 323

Chang-ling 324

427

Index

Chang-lun 48, 49 Ch'ang-tzu 324

Ch'an school 133 Chao, Emperor 321, 327 Chaos 327

Chart of the Five Divine Peaks 330, 331

Che-kwan 334

Cheng hsin fa men. See Dharma Gate of True Faith Ch'eng shih lun. See Discourse on the Establishment of Truth Chen-yüan hsin ting shih chiao mu-lu. See Newly Compiled Catalog of Scriptures in the Chen-yüan Era

Chia-hsiang 55

Chi-ch'ang. SeeWen, Emperor Chi chu ching li tsan i. See Collection of Liturgical Passages from Various Scriptures Ch'i dynasty, kingdom 326, 328, 331 Chieh-tu 54, 344 Chih-che. SeeChih-i Chih-ch'ien 199, 345 Chih-chüeh 133, 134 Chih-i 134

Chih-sheng 38, 60, 99, 348 Chih-yüan 264

Chi-k'ang 324

Chi-lu 336

Ch'in 323

China xiii, 77, 123, 322, 323, 329, 334

Ching, Emperor 321 Ching-t'u wu hui nien fo lüeh-fa shih i tsan. See Shorter Pure Land Liturgy of the Nembutsu Chant in Five Stages Ch'ing-wen 50, 51 Ch'in-i 322, 323 428

Chin-kang pan-lo ching tsan-shu. See Commentary on the Diamond Sutra

Chi-pin. SeeKashmir Chou, Duke of 327, 332 Chou dynasty, kingdom 277, 281, 282, 320, 321, 322, 327 Chou Dynasty Record of Miraculous Events 281, 327 Chou Hung-cheng 319 Chou-shu. See Book of Chou Chou shu i chi. See Chou Dynasty Record of Miraculous Events Ch'u 323, 326

Chuang, Emperor 320, 321 Chuang-chou. SeeChuang-tzu Chuang-tzu 325, 329 Chüan-tzu 324

Ch'un ch'iu. See Spring and Autumn Annals

Chung-t'ai. See Central Platform Ch'u-sai-chi. See Record of Passing Through the Frontier Chu-t'ao-yü-cha. See Red-Sashed Jade Plate

Chu t'ien nei yin. See Inner Sound of the Heavans

Citrå 300

Collected Works of Shinran xx Collection of Essential Passages Concerning Birth 55, 99, 238, 349 "Chapter on Verification of the Nembutsu" 239

Collection of Liturgical Passages from Various Scriptures 38, 60, 98, 99, 348

Collection of Passages on the Nembutsu Chosen in the Original Vow 57, 337-8

Collection of Passages on the Land

of Bliss 48, 70, 119, 345, 348 Collection of Passages on the Land of Peace and Bliss 29, 61, 127, 173, 249, 341

Collection of Passages on the Pure Land Teaching 345

Commentary on the Amida Sutra 118, 264, 342, 344, 348 Commentary on the Contemplation Sutra 89, 342, 343

Commentary on the Diamond Sutra 281

Commentary on the Five Thousand Characters 319

Commentary on the Introductory Part 343, 344, 345, 346, 347 Commentary on the Larger Sutra 341, 342, 347

Commentary on the Meditative Good 342, 344, 346, 347, 348 Commentary on the Non-meditative Good 60, 104, 237, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348

Commentary on the Perfection of Great Wisdom Sutra 128, 273, 341

Commentary on T'ien-t'ai's Discourse on the Fourfold Teachings 349 Commentary on Vasubandhu's Discourse on the Pure Land 23, 58, 60, 68, 74, 87, 110, 112-3, 116, 122, 160, 171, 175, 176, 249, 342, 343

compassion xiii, xvi, xvii, 5, 6, 20, 33, 34, 36, 49, 51, 52, 56, 76, 80, 91, 98, 101, 103, 105, 111, 139, 159, 167, 188, 190, 191, 200, 216, 220, 222, 227, 268, 292, 324, 338 great xvii, 6, 7, 9, 14, 15, 18, 20, 24, 29, 30, 49, 50, 60, 68, 78, Index

80, 84, 92, 98, 100, 101, 104, 105-6, 110, 111, 112, 113, 121, 122, 128, 129, 130, 154, 159, 166, 174, 175, 176, 195, 196, 197, 215, 216, 227, 231, 239, 260, 270, 287, 296

concentration 19, 163, 164, 195, 243, 251, 266, 295

Confucian, Confucianism 134, 162, 336

Confucian Analects 320, 335 Confucius 321, 325, 326-7, 329, 332, 336

Consciousness Only school 55 constellation(s) xix, 291-3, 306, 310, 312

seven 299-301

twenty-eight 292, 303, 305 contemplation 33, 34, 75, 112, 115, 134, 164, 176, 181, 184, 187, 193, 194, 195, 233, 240, 245, 248, 254, 266, 280, 308

Contemplation Sutra xviii, xix, 34, 36, 45, 51, 53, 56, 70, 89, 91, 99, 114, 118, 122, 134, 160, 162, 165, 223, 227, 233, 234, 239-40, 241, 244, 246, 250, 251, 255, 259, 260, 262, 345

crosswise (see alsovertical) 70, 78, 123

going out 116, 123, 252, 253 teaching 115-6

transcendence 116, 121, 123, 133, 252, 253

D

dåna(see alsosix perfections) 106, 266, 308, 317

dåna-påramitå. Seeperfection, of generosity

Darkness-Free 294

429

Index

DaΩabh¥mika-s¥tra. See Sutra on the Ten Stages

DaΩabh¥mika-vibhå≈å. See Discourse on the Ten Stages DaΩacakra-k≈itigarbha-s¥tra. See Sutra on the Ten Wheels of K≈itigarbha deep mind (see alsothree minds) 60, 90-1, 94, 99, 122, 244-5, 251 delusion(s) xvii, 16, 65, 92, 101, 119, 200, 229, 319, 333 deva(s) (see alsogod) 64, 92, 126, 169, 235, 242, 253, 269, 287, 288 Devadatta 3, 138, 144, 155-9, 208, 239, 325

devil(s) xix, 7, 18, 31, 50, 51, 66, 73, 100, 102, 108, 159, 175, 228, 286, 287, 294, 295, 296, 311, 312, 314-7, 333, 335

hindrances 44, 49, 50, 51 Devil Heavens 305

Dhani≈†hå 299

Dhanus 301

dhåra√∆(s) 126, 317

dharma(s) (see alsoinsight into the non-arising of all dharmas) 15, 164, 201, 204, 206, 208, 211, 212, 216, 225-6, 242, 248, 294, 308 Dharma (see alsoBuddha-Dharma; Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha; Right Dharma) 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 16, 17, 18, 22, 26, 28, 41, 47, 53, 62, 65, 67, 68, 77, 86, 87, 88, 94, 97, 99, 102, 103, 105, 108, 110, 115, 117, 118, 119, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 130, 132, 136, 143, 144, 154, 159, 161, 174, 177, 181, 183, 184-5, 186, 193, 195, 202, 203, 215, 217, 220, 227, 236, 242, 247, 430

252, 259, 263, 265, 269, 270, 273, 274, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 286, 289, 290, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 304, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 312, 313, 314, 327, 333, 334, 336, 338 Dharma body(ies) 41, 45, 61, 62, 66, 67, 78, 128, 169, 176-7, 182, 183, 184-5, 186, 187, 188, 196, 211, 216, 219, 329

Dharma gate(s) 39, 40, 44, 49, 95, 193, 212, 233, 248, 265 Dharma Gate of True Faith 50 Dharmagupta-vinaya. See Four-Part Vinaya Dharmå kara xv, 69, 75, 102, 113, 123, 184, 215, 216, 217, 218, 223 dharmakåya. SeeDharma body Dharma King (see alsoAmida) 40, 57, 67, 128, 171, 277

Dharmak≈ema 14

Dharma-nature 28, 80, 169, 174, 176, 184, 185, 192, 215, 228, 249 Dharma Practice Sutra 290 Dharma realm 62, 129, 134, 174, 219, 227, 290

Dharma storehouse 5, 10, 107 Dh®tarå≈†ra 293, 299, 301, 312, 313

dhyåna(see alsomeditation; six perfections) 266, 317

D∆paçkara 17

Discourse Clearing Doubts about the Pure Land Teaching 238, 347 Discourse on Cessation and Contemplation 50, 123, 335 Discourse on the Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana 230, 317, 342 Discourse on the Establishment of Truth 332

Discourse on the Nembutsu Samå -

dhi, the King of Jewels 342, 347 Discourse on the Pure Land 23, 24, 25, 63, 79, 175, 178, 194, 196, 214, 218, 218, 231, 341

Discourse on the Ten Stages 14, 24, 88, 100, 101, 11, 115

"Chapter on Entry into the First Stage" 341

"Chapter on the Easy Practice" 341, 342

"Chapter on the Purification of the First Stage" 341

"Chapter on the Specific Features of the First Stage" 341

dragon(s) 16, 86, 199, 210, 217, 280, 287, 291, 292, 293, 299, 302, 305, 306, 309, 314

dragonflower tree 133

E

Eighteenth Vow xv, xvi, xviii, 63, 93, 121, 123, 239

Elder Yang. SeeLao-tzu

Eleventh Vow 64

emptiness 29, 151, 170, 173, 190, 201, 207, 216, 226, 231, 242, 324, 326

enlightenment (see alsoaspiration, for enlightenment; bodhi; highest, perfect enlightenment) xiv, xvi-xvii, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 13, 17, 18, 20, 33, 34, 50, 52, 54, 58, 65, 66, 79, 84, 85, 95, 107, 108, 122, 124, 132, 133, 135, 162, 172, 175, 182, 189, 202, 216, 217, 220, 222, 224, 225, 228, 230, 231, 234, 252, 257, 260, 266, 274, 275, 278, 282, 286, 305, 315, 321, 328, 335, 336 perfect 9, 37, 39, 43, 54, 56, 63, 64, 85, 124, 126, 169, 170, 179, Index

197, 223, 234, 258, 297, 337 supreme 8, 10, 107, 310, 314 true 83, 123, 135, 169

Enshø. SeeTsukinowa Kanezane entrusting heart xiv, 59, 60, 84, 99, 101, 105, 115, 122

Eradication 163

eraöatree(s) 30, 152

Eshin-ni xiv

esotericism xix

Essential Meaning of the Contemplation Sutra 342, 343, 344, 346, 347, 348

evil(s) 3, 12, 13, 30, 39, 50, 51, 52, 55, 72, 73, 77, 79, 90, 97, 101, 136, 141, 148, 149, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 168, 236, 241, 243, 252, 258, 261, 266, 267, 274, 276, 287, 295, 296, 298, 303, 304, 305, 307, 309, 310, 314, 325, 330, 332, 339

evil act(s) 85, 93, 114, 136, 138, 143, 144, 147, 152, 160, 243, 258, 265, 267, 297, 307, 309, 333 five (see alsoflve grave o›enses) 85, 112

ten 45, 53, 80, 94, 160, 162, 164, 192, 334

evil age of the five defilements 76, 93, 261, 310

evil beings, people 38, 77, 81, 93, 101, 119, 121, 135-6, 138, 174, 233, 240, 257, 259, 261, 273, 305, 307, 309

evil karma (see alsokarma; karmic, evil) 3, 34, 35, 36, 44, 70, 80, 94, 97, 102, 153, 239, 315

evil passions xvi, xvii, 31, 45, 60, 68, 73, 74, 78, 80, 91, 93, 95, 97, 431

Index

99, 100, 102, 108, 111, 113, 114, evil passions (continued) 117, 118, 139, 145, 152, 155, 163, 169, 173, 176, 181, 182, 187, 189, 195, 196, 204, 205, 206, 211, 212, 214, 225, 230, 246, 247, 248, 249, 261, 267, 304, 305, 335 evil realms 94, 128, 135, 162, 246, 297, 309, 334, 335

five 77, 121, 124

three 12, 16, 149, 162, 249, 304, 307, 314

evil spirit(s) xix, 31, 36, 291, 296, 297, 298, 314-5

evil world 81, 93, 118, 250, 261, 277, 305

F

Fa-chao 41, 42, 45, 59 Fa-chieh tz'u ti. See Steps to the Dharma Realm

Fa hsing ching. See Dharma Practice Sutra faith xiv, xvi, xvii, xviii, 3, 4, 5, 13, 19, 20, 24, 25, 26, 34, 37, 44, 49, 54, 58, 59, 60, 65, 74, 77, 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 93, 95, 100, 104, 105, 106, 107 -9, 111, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 126, 130, 131, 132, 133, 152, 153, 159, 169, 175, 196, 220, 231, 236, 237, 240, 250, 255, 256, 257, 259, 261, 262, 264, 265, 266, 267, 270, 271, 272, 275, 290, 298, 308, 333, 338 adamantine 72, 80, 83, 84, 113, 114, 115, 121, 122, 126, 133, 159, 240, 251, 257

deep 89, 90, 91, 92, 113, 122, 244, 245, 257, 264

great 9, 83-4, 105, 106, 114, 115, 256, 257, 272

432

imperfect 79, 116, 265, 266 joyful 3, 73, 74, 76, 77, 83, 84, 88, 100, 101, 104-5, 108, 109, 111, 115, 116, 119, 120, 251, 338 of Other-Power xiv, xvi, xviii, 159, 245

pure 4, 22, 84, 85, 105, 120, 298, 316, 332, 333

right 79, 297

single thought of 85, 99, 105, 119-20, 121

true xvi, 51, 74, 83, 114, 115, 121, 122, 133, 240, 245, 247, 251, 257, 264

two kinds of 106-7, 265-6 unsurpassed 98, 163

Fa-lin xx, 318

Fan-li 331

Fa-shang 281

Fa shih tsan. See Hymns of the Nem butsu Liturgy

Fei Ch'ang-fang 281

Fei-hsi 55, 230, 347

Fifth Patriarch. SeeShan-tao five aggregates 50, 97, 114 five defilements 24, 43, 76, 89, 93, 248, 250, 261, 262, 277, 310, 312 five grave o›enses 3, 14, 45, 53, 64, 68, 76, 80, 85, 86, 88, 94, 111, 135, 137, 144, 145, 159, 160, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 209, 333, 334

five inconceivables 179, 217 five mindful practices 23, 25, 27, 28, 62, 63

Five Thousand-character Discourse 329

Forty-eight Vows xv, 38, 40, 44, 55, 63, 69, 91, 113, 165, 167, 184, 215, 218, 223, 227, 260 Fou Hsi 326

Index

four elements 97, 114, 136 four fearlessnesses 67, 225 four (great) continents (see also Aparagodån∆ya; Jambudv∆pa; P¥rvavideha; Uttarakuru) 65, 298, 301-7, 309-12

four great heavenly kings 293, 301, 303, 304

four groups of Buddhists 53, 134, 285, 287, 328

four major prohibitions 94, 209 four modes of birth 124, 172, 302 Four Noble Truths 16, 211 Four-Part Vinaya 349 four reliances 273-4 Fourth Vow 11

four (violent) streams 114, 123, 124, 125

G

gandharva(s) 16, 293, 299, 301, 305, 306

Ganges River 10, 37, 38, 43, 64, 68, 91, 93, 179, 248, 256, 260, 261, 315, 333

Garland Sutra 31, 63, 67, 99, 107, 133, 269, 338, 344

"Chapter on BhadraΩr∆ Bodhisattva" 344 "Chapter on Entry into the Dharma Realm" 99, 343, 348 "Chapter on the Clarification of Di›iculties" 342

"Chapter on the Origination of the Tathågata from the Dharma-nature Just as Treas ure is Produced from Ma√i,the King of Gems" 215

"Chapter on the Ten Stages" 349 garu∂a(s) 306

gate(s) (see alsoDharma gate) 16, 25, 26, 39, 43, 62, 95, 119, 127, 134, 190-1, 194 -5, 225, 251, 252, 263

eighty-four thousand 39, 48, 60, 134, 252

essential 241, 245, 250 four, in the phase of "going in" 23, 61

fifth, in the phase of "going out" 23, 62, 113, 176, 194, 195-6 five 194-5

Pure Land 250, 277

teaching 39, 41, 48, 60, 135, 248, 252

temporary 253, 255, 272 true 256, 257, 263, 272 of wisdom 95, 189-90, 227 Gatenby, Jokyo G. xxi Gautama (see also¸åkyamuni) 143, 157, 294, 322

Genk¥ 57, 80, 254, 336, 338 Gennin xv, 277

Genshin (see alsoMaster of Shu ryø gon-in) 56, 80, 238, 254, 335 god(s) (see also deva) 6, 7, 11, 16, 36, 68, 75, 86, 102, 114, 126, 143, 146, 156, 167, 173, 180, 199, 201, 210, 211, 291, 292, 293, 297, 298, 299, 303, 304, 305, 309, 312, 315, 316, 317, 330, 331, 333, 335 Gotoba-in 336

Great Assembly Sutra xix, 127, 277, 280, 282, 283, 284, 285, 288, 291-3

Chapter Eight,

"Evil Spirits

Attain ing Reverential Faith, "

in the Moon Matrix section 296-8

Chapter Nine,

"Protection by the

Heavenly Kings,

" in the Moon

Matrix section 298-311 433

Index

Great Assembly Sutra(continued) "Chapter on Patience, " in the

Moon Matrix section 313-4 "Chapter on the Heavenly King Dh®tarå≈†ra" 312-3

Chapter Ten,

"Devils Attaining

Reverential Faith,

" in the

Moon Matrix section 311-12 Chapter Ten,

"Nembutsu

Samådhi,

"in the Sun Matrix

section 294-6

Chapter Thirteen,

"Protecting

Stupas,

" in the Sun Matrix section 296

Moon Matrix section of 249-50, 275-6, 296-7, 311, 313 Sun Matrix section of 294, 296 Great Brahmå Heaven(s) 305 Great Compassion Sutra 129, 289 Great Gossamer Net Heaven 330 Great Nirvana Sutra(see also Nirvana Sutra) 146, 203, 332 Great Sage 3, 5, 33, 75, 77, 83, 104, 159, 196, 273, 285, 326, 327, 334 Great Vehicle (see alsoMahayana; One Vehicle) 66

Great Way (see alsoWay) 328, 330, 331

Gutoku. SeeShinran

H

Han 323

Han dynasty 322, 328, 331 Han shui wen chih. See Catalog of Literature of the Book of Han Hastå 300

heaven(s) (see alsoheavenly realms) 144, 166, 278, 302, 310, 320, 322, 324, 330

434

heavenly beings 6, 28, 63, 69, 170, 187, 192, 249, 273, 291, 312, 313, 314

heavenly realms (see alsoheaven) 141, 297, 327

Heaven of Enjoying Self-created Pleasures 299, 302, 303, 304, 306, 307

Heaven of Free Enjoyment of Manifestations by Others 298-9, 302, 303, 304, 305-6, 310 Heaven of Restraining Well 299, 302, 303, 304, 306

Heaven of the Thirty-three Gods 156, 235, 305

hell(s) (see alsoAv∆ci hell) 118, 136, 137, 140, 141, 143, 148, 149, 155, 163, 200, 208, 211, 284, 314, 316, 335

Hermit Lady Profoundly Wonderful 319, 320

Higashiyama 336

highest, perfect enlightenment (see also anuttara-samyak-saµ bodhi; enlightenment) 14, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 64, 66, 85, 106, 112, 123, 133, 136, 143, 145, 147, 152-3, 155, 179, 194, 202, 209 hindrance(s) (see alsodevil, hindrances) 3, 30, 31-2, 33, 34, 35, 45, 49, 50, 51, 52, 65, 73, 74, 95, 119, 128, 129, 165, 189, 190, 192, 206, 219, 222, 226, 234, 247, 248, 249, 271, 308, 318

Himalayas 57, 327

Hinayana, Hinayanist 28, 53, 58, 65, 68, 74, 111, 116, 178, 189, 192, 241, 242, 252, 257, 272 Hitachi Province xiv Holy Ones 84, 86

Hønen xiv, xviii, xx Hongwanji, Hongwanji Translation Center xx, xxi

Hsiang fa chüeh i ching. See Sutra Clearing Doubts Concerning the Semblance Dharma

Hsiang-yang 264

Hsiao, Emperor 328

Hsien-jen yü lu. See Precious Record of Hermit Sages Hsien yü ching. See Sutra on the Wise and the Foolish Hsin ti kuan ching. See Sutra on Contemplation of the Mind-Base Hsi-shou 323

Hsüan-chung Temple 274 Hsüan i fen. See Essential Meaning of the Contemplation Sutra Hsüan-miao. See Profoundly Wonderful Hsüan Tu-kuan's Catalog 332 Hsüan tu lu. See Hsüan Tu-kuan's Catalog

Hsü fen i. See Commentary on the Introductory Part

Hsü mi ssu yü ching. See Sutra on the Four Continents Surrounding Sumeru Hua, Duke 326

Hua hu ching. See Scripture on Converting the Barbarians Huai-kan 238, 254

Huai-li 322

Huan, Emperor 321

Huang Fu-mi 323

hungry ghost(s) 141, 200, 211, 302, 306, 334-5

Hu-tu 328

hymn(s) xv, 41, 42, 43, 45, 54, 99, 173, 175

Hymn of the Nembutsu Liturgy Index

345, 346, 347, 348, 349 Hymn of True Faith and Nembutsu 75-81

Hymns in Praise of Amida Buddha 88, 219

Hymns of Birth in the Pure Land 38, 99, 341, 342, 343, 345, 347, 348

Hymns on the Pratyutpanna Samådhi 342, 343, 344, 345, 348 I

icchantika(s) 3, 136, 167, 207, 208, 209

ignorance 3, 14, 31, 39, 53, 60, 67, 73, 74, 76, 87, 88, 103, 104, 105, 114, 125, 136, 220, 229, 268, 326 impermanence 42, 49, 159, 205 INAGAKI Hisao xv, xviii India xiii, 4, 77, 322, 334 Indra (see alsoKauΩika Indra) 73, 306, 310-11, 312

Inner Sound of the Heavens 331 insight xiii, 6, 7, 8, 16, 63, 131, 134, 191, 201, 235

insight into the non-arising of all dharmas 14, 15, 18, 53, 126, 131, 135, 179, 215, 235, 248, 284 J

Jade Capital 331

Jambudv∆pa 179, 221, 238, 299, 300, 301, 302, 305, 306, 313, 321 Jamb¥nada gold 73

Japan xiii, xiv, xix, 77, 81 J∆vaka 142-4, 146-7, 153, 158 Jødo Shinsh¥ school (see alsoShin Buddhism) xiii

Jupiter 292, 299, 300, 301 Jye≈†hå 301

Jyot∆rasa 293, 295

435

Index

K

K'ai wu ch'ien wen. See Commentary on the Five Thousand Characters K'ai-yüan shih chiao lu. See Catalog of Scriptures Kakuda-kåtyåyana 142, 145 KålayaΩas 53

Kålika 293

Kåma 140

Kamboja 302

Kanakamuni 304, 307, 310, 312 Kanto area xv

Kanyå 300

Kao-seng ch'uan. See Biographies of Monks

Kao shih ch'uan. See Biographies of Eminent Hermits Kao-yü 134

Kapilavastu 143

karålaworm 138-9 Karka†aka 300

karma(s) (see alsoevil karma) 98, 100, 140, 155, 162, 164, 167, 180, 186, 206, 222, 297 black 137-8

-consciousness 59 -power xvii, 217 pure 28, 52, 206, 242 white 137-8

karmic xvii, 16-7, 49, 79, 114, 118, 136, 140, 141, 149, 165, 174, 206, 220, 240

bonds 173, 214, 220 cause(s) 30, 39, 156, 225, 231, 254 evil(s) (see alsoevil karma) 30, 38, 39, 41, 42, 45, 49, 52, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58, 60, 73, 84, 90, 93, 115, 121, 137, 138, 139, 140, 144, 146, 147, 148, 155, 159, 163, 436

166, 167, 169, 175, 252, 258, 264, 274, 276, 334 hindrances 45, 52, 165, 319 Karu√åpu√∂ar∆ka-s¥tra. See Sutra on the Lotus of Compassion Kåru√ikåråjaprajñåpåramitå-s¥tra. See Benevolent King Sutra Kashmir 320

KåΩ∆ 301

KåΩyapa (see alsoMahåkåΩyapa) 12, 127, 135, 202, 206, 208-9, 211, 286, 304, 307, 310, 312, 321, 326

KåΩyapa brothers 316-7 ka†ap¥tana(s) 302, 306, 314 Kathika 140

KauΩambi 280

KauΩika Indra 304, 306 Kharo≈†∆ 291-3, 299-301 kiµnara(s) 292, 293, 306 Køfukuji Temple 336 Kokålika 147

Kokubu xiv

Korea xiii

Koryo 334

Kosala 301

Kou-chien 331

Krakuccanda 303, 307, 309, 311 K®ttikå 57, 292, 300 k≈ånti(see alsosix perfections) 317 Kuan ching fou hsin lun. See Subsidiary Discourse on the Contemplation Sutra Kuan ching shu. See Commentary on the Contemplation Sutra Kuan nien fa men. See Method of Contemplation of Amida Buddha Kuan-ting shen chou ching. See Sutra of Ritual Sprinkling and Mantras

K'uei-chi 278, 281

Kumbha 299

kumbhå√∂a(s) 293, 299, 301, 305, 306

K'ung chi so wen ching. See Sutra on the Questions of Bodhisattva Emptiness-Tranquility Kuo-chuang 319

Kuo-hsiang 329

Kuru 301

Kyeong-heung 7, 45, 228, 237, 342, 347

Kyøgyøshinshø: On Teaching, Practice, Faith, and Enlightenment xiii, xiv, xv-xxi

Kyø Gyø Shin Shø xx

Kyoto xiv, xv, xxi, 336 L

Lai-hsiang 322

Land of Bliss (see alsoPure Land) 51, 78, 227, 257

Land of Immeasurable Light (see alsoPure Land) 197, 199 Land of Infinite Life (see alsoPure Land) 85, 112

Land of Infinite Light (see alsoPure Land) 13, 59, 60, 79, 105, 231 Land of Peace and Bliss (see also Pure Land) 13, 25, 29, 58, 77, 112, 117, 122, 127, 129, 162, 171, 172, 173, 177, 178, 181, 188, 189, 191, 194, 199, 214, 215, 216, 221, 222, 223, 227, 230, 241 Land of Peace and Provision (see alsoPure Land) 3, 53, 67, 79, 80, 124, 229, 252, 338 Land of Recompense (see alsoPure Land; Recompensed Land) xvii, 79, 80, 105, 121, 229, 238, 240, 272

Index

Land of Utmost Bliss (see alsoPure Land) 44, 56, 92, 228, 238, 240, 254, 259, 262

Lan-t'ai 322

Lao-tan. SeeLao-tzu

Lao-tzu (see alsoTaoism) 322, 323-4, 325, 326, 327, 329, 331, 332-3

Larger Sutra xv, xviii, 8, 9, 10, 35, 37, 38, 40, 46, 59, 60, 68, 74, 84, 85, 102, 111, 118, 120, 121, 123, 124, 126, 128, 132, 159, 160, 169, 170, 173, 174, 178, 197, 230-1, 233, 234, 237, 239, 241, 250, 251, 255, 258, 260, 265, 276, 342, 343, 344, 346, 347

layman, laymen xiv, 53, 287, 328, 336, 337

laypeople, layperson 49, 81, 83, 114, 115, 116, 239, 257, 263, 274, 277, 282, 338,

laywoman, laywomen 53, 287, 291, 328

Lei 134

Le-pang wen-lei. See Collection of Passages on the Land of Bliss Li 319-20

Liang, Emperor of 78

Liang dynasty 319, 328 liberation 6, 9, 18, 29, 41, 43, 48, 58, 70, 73, 95, 108, 128, 162, 189, 198, 200, 201-2, 204, 210, 211, 219, 220, 225, 247, 248, 251, 263, 267, 280, 303, 308, 329, 334 Li-chi. See Book of Rites Lien-p'o 323

Li-erh. SeeLao-tzu

Ling shu ching. See Scripture of Spirits

Lin Hsiang-ju 323

Lion's Roar 213

437

Index

Liu 134

Liu-hsiang 329

Liu-hsiang ku. See Two Records of Antiquity

Liu Tzu-hou 134

LokeΩvararåja 10, 21, 75, 102, 167, 215, 223

Lotus 144

lotus(es) 41, 43, 73, 77, 127, 131, 147, 166, 181, 182, 201, 236-7 lotus seat 43, 44, 50, 130 Lotus-store world 78 Lotus Sutra 132, 133, 196 Lu 281

Lü Ching-yu 319

Lu Hsiu-ching 331, 332 Lun shu ching t'u wen. See Collection of Passages on the Pure Land Teaching

Lun-yü. See Confucian Analects M

Magadha 152, 155

Maghå 300

Mahåkaru√å-s¥tra. See Great Compassion Sutra

MahåkåΩyapa (see alsoKåΩyapa) 279

Mahåmaudgalyåyana (see also Maudgalyåyana) 289 Mahåmåyå Sutra 279 mahåparinirvå√a(see alsopari nirvå√a) 205 Mahåparinirvå√a-s¥tra. See Great Nirvana Sutra

Mahåprajñåpåramitå-Ωåstra. See Commentary on the Perfection of Great Wisdom Sutra Mahåprajñåpåramitå-s¥tra. See Perfection of Great Wisdom Sutra mahåsattva(s) 99, 106, 146, 163 438

Mahåsatya-nirgrantha-nirdeΩa. See Sutra Expounded by Mahåsatyanirgrantha Mahåsthåmapråpta 36, 41, 132 Mahåvaipulyamahåsaµnipåtas¥tra. See Great Assembly Sutra Mahayana, Mahayanist xiii, xvii, 24, 26, 28, 31, 46, 49, 53, 58, 65, 69, 74, 77, 109, 110, 111, 116, 123, 127, 135, 159, 162, 169, 187, 191, 235, 241, 242, 252, 256, 257, 272, 278

Mahåyåna-samasvabhåva-s¥tra. See Mahayana Sutra on the Equal Nature

Mahåyåna-saµgraha. See Summary of the Great Vehicle Mahåyåna-Ωraddhotpåda-Ωåstra. See Discourse on the Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana Mahayana Sutra on the Equal Nature 223

mahoraga(s) 293, 306 Maitreya 17, 59, 60, 71, 132, 133, 255-6, 237-8, 289

Makara 301

Malla 301

Må√avaka 326

ma√∂a 57, 127, 159, 203, 307 måndåravaflowers 156 Maçgala 141, 145

ma√i-gem 87, 100

MañjuΩr∆ 67, 155

MañjuΩr∆-bhå≈ita-prajñåpåramitås¥tra. See Sutra on the Perfection of Wisdom Expounded by MañjuΩr∆

Mappø-tømyø-ki. See Candle of the Latter Dharma

Mars 292, 299, 301 Maskar∆-goΩål∆putra 139, 145

Master of Kuang-ming Temple (see alsoShan-tao) 33, 59, 69, 89, 103, 113, 120, 122, 125, 129, 134, 135, 165, 174, 223, 237, 241, 260, 269, 333

Master of Shuryøgon-in (see also Genshin) 238-9

Maudgalyåyana (see alsoMahåmaudgalyåyana) 32 Maudgalyåyana-parip®cchå. See Sutra on the Questions of Maudgalyåyana

Måyå, Queen 319

McRae, John 346

meditation(s) (see alsodhyåna; samå dhi) 42, 50, 65, 128, 134, 166, 167, 192, 204, 209, 217, 240, 248, 250, 264, 266, 276, 280, 281, 317

meditative good, practices (see also non-meditative good) xviii, 50, 71, 80, 83, 91, 98, 111, 115, 116, 123, 134, 234, 239, 240, 241, 242, 244, 245, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 260, 262, 272

meditative states 283, 284 Mercury 292, 300

merit(s) xvi, 3, 5, 9, 10, 13, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 28, 32, 35, 36, 47, 48, 52, 56, 60, 61, 64, 68, 69, 78, 88, 93, 102, 103, 112, 128, 131, 154, 156, 171, 172, 178, 179, 180-1, 183, 184, 188, 194, 200, 203, 214, 215, 217, 218, 222, 233, 234, 236, 241, 249, 255, 258, 260, 261, 264, 274, 276, 285, 287, 288, 292, 297, 313, 334

acts of; meritorious acts, deeds 23, 79, 80, 233, 237, 239, 242, 243, 244, 246, 248, 250, 264, 276, 290, 314

Index

field(s) of 167, 210, 283, 284, 288 five kinds of 193-6

immeasurable 19, 49, 54, 55, 159, 163

of the Nembutsu 29-30, 31, 131 of practice 29, 47, 241, 253 true 23, 27-8, 76

and wisdom 46-7, 74

merit transference xvi, 5, 9, 23, 29, 38, 40, 62, 78, 84, 85, 90, 94, 98, 103, 111, 112, 113, 117, 120, 154, 175-6, 188, 189, 193, 196, 230, 245, 246, 247, 253, 255, 258, 259 aspect of going forth 5, 9, 29, 59, 83-4, 112, 175-6

aspect of returning xvii, 5, 29, 175-6

Me≈a 299

Method of Contemplation of Amida Buddha 342, 345, 347

Mi leng shang sheng ching. See Sutra on Maitreya's Ascent to the Tu≈ita Heaven

M∆na 299

mindfulness (see alsofive mindful practices; right mindfulness) 55, 78, 98, 110, 122, 132, 162, 220, 245, 247, 253, 264, 295, 308, 333 four bases of 211, 225

Ming, Emperor 322, 328

Mithuna 300

Mo he chih kuan. See Discourse on Cessation and Contemplation Mo he mo i ching. See Mahåmåyå Sutra

monk(s) (see alsopriest) 7, 11, 12, 49, 53, 77, 83, 99, 102, 108, 114, 115, 116, 166, 168, 187, 239, 257, 263, 273, 274, 277, 278, 279, 280, 282-6, 287-90, 313, 314, 315, 317, 328, 336

439

Index

Moon Matrix 303, 309

Morinari. SeeSado-no-in, Emperor Mount Ch'ing-t'ai 328

Mount Hiei xiv

Mount Jade Capital 230 Mount Khalatiya 293

Mount Ku 264

Mount Laçkå 77

Mount Sumeru 181, 182, 218, 293, 305

Mount Vipula 148

Mount Wan 328

M®gåramåt® Sutra. See Sutra on M®gåra's Mother

M®ga-Ωiras 300

Mu, Emperor 277, 297, 281, 321, 326, 327

M¥la 301

M¥≈aka 141

Mu Wang-man. SeeMu, Emperor N

Någårjuna 24, 25, 40, 58, 77, 177, 217, 221, 256, 279, 341, 342 Nahu≈a 140

Name, of Amida xvi, 3, 5, 9, 10, 25, 26, 34, 35, 39, 40, 41, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54, 59, 63, 76, 80, 84, 87, 92, 93, 99, 102, 115, 130, 163, 165, 171, 180, 258, 262, 264, 344 calling, recitation of xv, xvi, 9, 14, 21, 26, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 43, 45, 52, 54, 55, 56, 58, 60, 64, 71, 78, 79, 80, 85, 87, 88, 89, 115, 130, 131, 132, 162-3, 194, 223, 239, 244, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 260, 261-2, 263, 264, 276, 337 hearing of 9, 10, 11-12, 14, 32, 35, 44, 56, 59, 75, 85, 88, 105, 440

111, 120, 124, 126, 132, 237, 258, 259, 271

holding fast to 37, 48, 55, 256, 264, 272, 259-60, 272

praise of 9, 74, 195, 222, 261 ten repetitions of 37, 38-9, 60, 64, 99, 162-3, 164-5

Namu amida butsu 14, 38, 57, 60, 219, 337

Nan-p'ing, Emperor 328 Nembutsu xiv, xvi, xviii, 9, 14, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 55, 56-7, 58-61, 70-2, 77, 80, 84, 91, 92, 94, 117, 119, 120, 121, 128, 129, 130, 131, 133, 164, 172, 231, 238, 239, 245, 246, 248, 255, 256, 260, 262, 263, 336, 337 Nembutsu samådhi 29, 31, 32, 40, 42, 50, 53, 55, 67, 127, 128, 131, 240, 241, 260

Newly Compiled Catalog of Scriptures in the Chen-yüan Era 98 New Notes to the Commentary on the Ullambana Sutra 349 Nien fo san mei pao wang lu. See Discourse on the Nembutsu Samådhi, the King of Jewels Nineteenth Vow xviii, 12, 233-4, 250, 254

ninety-five wrong paths 33, 135, 233, 279, 283, 332

Nirgrantha-jñåtiputra 142, 145 nirvana (see also mahåparinirvå√a; parinirvå√a) xv, xvii, 15, 16, 60, 63, 64, 66, 76, 79, 84, 86, 100, 107, 114, 125, 126, 137, 145-6, 147, 151-2, 154, 169, 170, 173, 175, 198, 202-6, 210, 211, 215, 224, 226, 228, 262, 267, 279, 289, 294, 295, 328, 329

of ¸åkyamuni 71, 158, 159, 201, 273, 274, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281-2, 286, 287, 314, 317 seal of 299, 313

unconditioned 170, 267 without remainder 174, 290 Nirvana Sutra 66, 104, 105, 120, 125, 127, 135, 160, 201, 230, 265, 277, 279, 280, 284, 285, 286, 287, 291, 333, 349

"Chapter on Actual Illnesses" 345

"Chapter on Expounding the Dharma Like a Lion" 343 "Chapter on KåΩyapa" 344, 345, 346, 347, 348

"Chapter on the Four Aspects" 346

"Chapter on the Four Dependables" 346 "Chapter on the Lion's Roar" 344, 345, 346

"Chapter on the Nature of the Tathågata" 349

"Chapter on the Sacred Practice" 343, 344, 345, 346

"Chapter on the Virtuous King" 343, 346, 348

"Chapter on What the Multitudes Heard" 345

Noble Eightfold Path 22, 225, 308 non-action 81, 114, 125, 145, 169, 174, 185, 201, 210, 216, 227, 228, 262, 295, 328

non-Buddhist(s) xiii, xiv, 42, 135, 203, 204, 274, 279, 291, 315-21, 323, 324, 332, 333, 334 nondual, nonduality 63, 66, 187, 210, 256

nonhindrance 18, 63, 193, 210 Index

non-meditative good, practices (see alsomeditative good) xviii, 71, 80, 83, 91, 111, 115, 116, 123, 134, 234, 239, 240, 241, 242, 244, 245, 249, 251, 253, 254, 255, 257, 260, 262, 272, 281

nonorigination 40, 41 non-returner 225

non-thought 41, 305

Notes for Memory 118, 344 Notes to the Commentary on the Amida Sutra 344

nun(s) 53, 139, 144, 167, 168, 277, 279-80, 285, 287, 289, 328 Nu Wa 326

O

Oceanlike Virtue 21

o›ering(s) 12, 13, 16, 22, 64, 108, 110, 128, 132, 148, 153, 154, 166, 168, 177, 179, 181, 183, 199, 243, 244, 284, 288, 293, 296 Øjøj¥in. See Ten Causes of Birth Øjøyøsh¥. See Collection of Essential Passages Concerning Birth once-returner 225

One Buddha Vehicle of the Vow 66 One Mind 78, 83, 84, 100-1, 115, 121, 122, 123, 124, 239, 255, 257 oneness 80, 327

Oneness xvii, 41, 169, 222, 277 One Vehicle xvi, 8, 51, 54, 60, 66-7, 70, 72, 104, 252, 253, 343 of the Primal Vow 72

teaching 8, 54

of the Universal Vow 72 Original Vow(s) (see alsoPrimal Vow; Universal Vow) 10, 120, 235

Ornament Sutra 70

441

Index

Øtani 336

Other-Power xiii, xiv, xvi, xviii, xix, 24, 58, 61-5, 71, 74, 79, 84, 104, 105, 116, 159, 169, 196, 239, 240, 245, 253

P

Padma 141

pagodas (see alsostupas) 168, 276, 328

Pamirs 327

Pañcåla 301

Pan chou tsan. See Hymns on the Pratyutpanna Samådhi

Påp∆yas 286-7, 291, 294-5, 296 parable of two rivers and a white path 95-8, 113-4

påramitås (see alsoperfections) 15, 215, 265

Paraskevopoulos, Nityaprabha J. xxi

pårijåtatree 57

parinirvå√a (see alsomahåpari nirvå√a) xv, 133 path(s) xvi, 12, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 56, 58, 63, 94, 96-8, 107, 108, 112, 113, 114, 122, 128, 137, 172, 176, 189, 195, 203-4, 211, 225, 227, 231, 249, 252, 262, 266, 278, 288, 291, 297, 303, 324, 332 of di›icult practice 20, 24, 33, 77, 252, 275

of easy practice 20, 24, 33, 77, 252

to enlightenment 3, 107, 216, 266, 274

Mahayana 24, 58, 162, 187 of nirvana 107, 114, 137, 147, 267, 294

Pure Land 57, 79, 252, 274 right 73, 74, 215, 216, 332, 336 442

of sages 57, 79, 134, 252, 273-4, 336

single 63, 104, 135, 332 white 84, 95-7, 113-4

wrong (see alsoninety-five wrong paths) 221, 332, 333, 336 perfection(s) (see alsosix perfections) 106, 109, 215, 265 of generosity 308

of wisdom 15, 308

Perfection of Great Wisdom Sutra 161, 224

Perfection of Wisdom sutras 203 Pien cheng lun. See Treatise Clarifying the True piΩåca(s) 302, 306

Po Lo-t'ien 134

power(s) (see alsoself-power; Other-Power; Vow-Power) 23, 30, 84, 95, 102, 108, 109, 110, 112, 129, 137, 157, 171, 174, 176, 178, 181, 191, 193, 198, 210, 217, 218, 220, 225, 236, 240, 263, 264, 268, 270, 288, 293, 308, 317, 318, 326, 330 of Amida, Buddha, Tathågata xvi, xix, 22, 24, 50-1, 63, 69, 84, 101, 134, 171, 172, 208, 209, 217, 235, 240, 257 of faith 19, 20, 108, 109, 264 supernatural 25, 42, 75, 78, 89, 170, 173, 174, 176, 177, 195, 196 ten 10, 67, 209, 225

transcendent 7, 54, 61, 65, 69, 113, 148, 149, 156, 214, 218, 343

of the Vow 10, 38, 78, 120, 130, 217, 256, 270

prajñå(see alsosix perfections; wisdom) 106, 128, 191, 204, 280, 317

prajñå-påramitå.Seeperfection, of

wisdom

Prajñåpåramitå sutras. See Perfection of Wisdom sutras Pråptagarbha 138, 144

pratyekabuddha(s) 16, 18, 135, 136, 168, 198, 201, 203, 206, 211, 225, 226, 283, 284, 349 pratyutpanna samådhi 14, 15 Pratyutpanna Samådhi Sutra 43, 291

precept(s) (see also Ω∆la) xiv, 13, 42, 44, 53, 65, 94, 149, 168, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 313, 314, 315, 317, 330

Precious Record of Hermit Sages 320

preta.Seehungry ghost

priest(s) (see alsomonk) xiv, 81, 336, 338

Primal Vow (see alsoOriginal Vow; Universal Vow) 5, 13, 21, 35, 40, 41, 58, 59, 61, 67, 68, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 83, 84, 85, 100, 105, 114, 130, 133, 159, 178, 217, 230, 239, 240, 247, 250, 252, 253, 262, 272, 337

Primal Vow-Power (see also Vow-Power) 22, 23, 47, 61, 63, 69, 113, 114, 117, 121, 176, 189, 198, 218, 230, 257

Profoundly Wonderful 319 Provision for Bodhi 341 Punar-vasu 300

pu√∂ar∆ka.Seelotus flower P¥ra√a-kåΩyapa 137, 145, 266 Pure Land xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, xix, 3, 24, 25-6, 27, 29, 30, 33, 34, 38, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 53, 63, 65, 67, 80, 83, 84, 90, 91, 94, 98, 103, 112, 113, 116, 117, 118, 121, 122, 124, 125, 128, 129, 132, Index

160, 162, 165, 166, 167, 171-2, 173, 177, 181, 182, 186, 187, 188, 189, 193, 194, 195, 214, 215-6, 217, 222, 223, 227, 229, 231, 233, 236, 238, 239, 240, 241, 244, 245, 246, 250, 252, 253, 254, 255, 258, 264, 269, 270, 274, 277, 337 Pure Land school, teachings xiii, xvii-xviii, 3, 39, 44, 49, 57, 78, 79, 81, 119, 123, 134, 254, 271, 275

Pure Land Way (see alsoWay) 3, 4, 5, 123, 134, 175, 231, 253, 256, 273, 336, 337, 338

Pure Light 326

P¥rvå≈å∂hå 301

P¥rva-bhådrapadå 299

P¥rva-phålgun∆ 300

P¥rvavideha 299, 300

P'u sa ch'u t'ai ching. See Sutra on the Bodhisattvas Dwelling in the Womb

P'u-sa ying-lo ching. See Ornament Sutra

P'u-sa ying-lo pan yeh. See Bodhisattva Ornament Sutra Pu≈ya 300

p¥tana(s) 302, 306

R

Råhula 208

Råjag®ha 25, 116, 136, 138, 139, 155, 156, 188

råk≈asa(s) 302, 303, 306 Råma 140

Ratnacandra-parip®cchå-s¥tra. See Sutra on the Questions of the Youth Treasure Moon

recompensed body. Seebody of the Buddha

Recompensed Buddha(s) 74, 197, 443

Index

223, 231

Recompensed Land(s) (see also Land of Recompense) 40, 59, 72, 73, 74, 123, 197, 201, 223, 231, 239, 251

Record of History 320, 321, 323 Record of Passing Through the Frontier 319

Record of the Creation of Heaven and Earth 331

Red-Sashed Jade Plate 319 Responding-to-Voice. SeeFou Hsi Revat∆ 299

right act(s) (see alsoact of right assurance; right practice) xviii, 14, 57, 60, 92, 123, 252, 253-4 five 253-4

Right Dharma 3, 4, 14, 42, 46, 61, 64, 76, 85, 86, 88, 111, 112, 138, 142, 159, 160-1, 162, 165, 166, 167, 259, 278, 279, 280, 282, 285, 286, 298, 303, 304, 307, 308, 309, 311, 312, 313

right mindfulness 14, 35, 52, 60, 96, 247, 261, 295, 318

right practice(s) 57, 60, 92, 93, 123, 181, 244, 271, 297, 334 Rocana 289

Rohi√∆ 300

roots of good, good roots 14, 22, 60, 68, 85, 112, 133, 148, 188, 207, 208

Ryukoku Translation Center, Ryukoku University xx

S

Saddharmapu√∂ar∆ka-s¥tra. See Lotus Sutra

Saddharma-sm®ty-upsthåna-s¥tra. See Sutra on Mindfulness of the Right Dharma

444

Sado-no-in, Emperor 336 sage(s) (see alsoarhat) 3, 25, 14, 37, 47, 50, 53, 57, 58, 68, 73, 74, 76, 85, 86, 91, 94, 95, 98, 111, 112, 118, 134, 160, 162, 166, 168, 172, 177, 178, 187, 215, 220, 224, 225, 226, 227, 229, 231, 234, 242, 243, 245, 252, 256, 257, 263, 272, 273-4, 279, 283, 286, 293, 307, 320, 326, 327, 329, 336 sagehood 58, 252, 280, 284, 327, 332 Sahå world 39, 42, 97, 114, 125, 129, 133, 196, 229, 241, 248, 270, 298, 303, 304, 305, 306, 309, 310, 311, 333

sak®dågåmin. Seeonce-returner ¸åkyamuni xiv, xv, 3, 4, 5, 12, 25, 29, 30, 34, 37, 39, 40, 41, 46, 61, 77, 79, 83, 91, 92, 93, 97, 98, 117, 118, 126, 173, 174, 179, 221, 228, 231, 233, 239, 244, 251, 258, 260, 261, 262, 263, 271, 272, 273, 274, 276, 278, 318-22, 324-5, 326, 327, 337

salvation xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, xviii, 56, 79, 135, 165, 249, 258, 272

samådhi(see alsoNembutsu samå dhi; pratyutpanna samå dhi; Ω¥raç gama samådhi) 7, 31, 33, 40, 50, 51, 55, 61, 102, 146, 177, 181, 195, 196, 204, 212, 230, 240, 241, 280, 291, 308, 318 Buddha-contemplation 241 of moonlight love 146, 147 Samantabhadra 61, 65, 86, 179 samsara (see alsobirth and death; burning house; transmigration) xvi, xvii, 3, 4, 15, 16, 36, 39, 43, 45, 78, 81, 84, 90, 105, 119, 124, 199, 202, 243, 244, 250, 275

Samudrare√u 48

samyaksaµbuddha 210 sandalwood 30, 152

sangha 139, 144, 156, 157, 167, 168, 208, 209, 278, 282, 285, 313 Sangha. SeeBuddha, Dharma, and Sangha

Sañjay∆-vaira†∆putra 140, 145 San shan i. See Commentary on the Non-meditative Good Sanskrit xx, 138, 328, 334 ¸åriputra 37, 156, 179, 289 Sarva-pu√ya-samuccaya-samådhis¥tra. See Sutra on the Samådhi of Collecting All Merits Sarvårthajña 140-1, 145 ¸ata-bhi≈å 299

Saturn 292, 299, 301 Scripture of Spirits 330 Scripture on Converting the Barbarians 331 self-benefit (see alsobenefit for others) 23, 24, 62-3, 90, 103, 218, 243, 246, 251, 255 self-power xvi, xviii, 24, 39, 50, 58, 65, 71, 79, 83, 111, 116, 239, 251, 252, 253, 258

Senchaku Hongon Nembutsu Sh¥. See Collection of Passages on the Nembutsu Chosen in the Original Vow sense bases 97

sense consciousnesses 97 sense organs 97, 108, 109 sense perceptions 192 Seven Patriarchs xiii, xix Seventeenth Vow 9, 12 Shakk¥. SeeShinran

Shan-tao (see alsoMaster of Kuang-ming Temple) xviii, 35, 38, 59, 60, 79, 98, 99, 104, 121, Index

238, 239, 251, 252, 254, 255, 271, 272, 342, 344

Shan-yin 50

Shen-chih 334

Shen-ch'üan wu yüeh t'u. See Chart of the Five Divine Peaks Sheng River 172

Shih-chi. See Record of History Shih ching t'u ch'ün i lun. See Discourse Clearing Doubts about the Pure Land Teaching Shih-tzu. See Book of Shih Shih wang sheng ching. See Sutra on the Ten Ways of Attaining Birth

Shikoku xiv

Shin Buddhism xiii, xv, xvi, xviii, xx, xxi

Shinran xiii, xiv-xv, xvi, xviii, xix, xx, 4, 135, 272, 337, 341 Shorter Pure Land Liturgy of the Nem butsu Chant in Five Stages 40, 343

Shøshin nembutsu ge. See Hymn of True Faith and Nembutsu Shun 319

Siddhårtha 143

Ω∆la(see alsoprecepts; six perfections) 204, 266, 280, 317 Siµha 300

sincere mind (see alsothree minds) xvi, 74, 76, 84, 89, 94, 100, 101, 102, 103-4, 113, 115, 116, 122, 234, 243-4, 246, 250, 251, 255, 258, 264

singlemindedness, singleness of mind 25, 60, 88, 111, 121-2, 214, 264

single practice 33, 60, 210, 251 Ωir∆≈atree 57

six perfections 15, 16, 52, 53, 67, 445

Index

297, 309, 317

six realms 35, 89, 124, 125, 175, 222, 228, 243, 248, 271, 324, 325 skillful means 15, 39, 41, 83, 109, 163, 166, 187, 188, 189, 191-2, 198, 211, 242-3, 248, 263, 308 Smaller Sutra(see also Amida Sutra) xviii, 250, 251, 255, 256, 257

Smaller Sutra on Amitåyus. See Smaller Sutra

Soma 302

Sorata 302

spirits (see alsoevil spirits) xix, 50, 154, 273, 291, 293, 302, 303, 306, 314-5, 316, 317, 333, 334, 335, 336

Spring and Autumn Annals 281, 323

Ωråvaka(s) 15, 16, 18, 24, 68, 135, 136, 170, 173, 192, 198, 203, 206, 211, 217, 225, 226, 236, 284, 285, 306, 309, 311, 314, 349 ¸rava√a 301

¸råvast∆ 25, 147

Ωrota-åpanna. Seestream-winner stage(s) xvi, 15, 17, 29, 62, 65, 71, 91, 106, 108, 123, 131, 132, 133, 145, 146, 168, 170, 174, 176, 177, 178, 179, 189, 213, 215, 225, 247, 249, 275, 284

of becoming a Buddha after one more life 64, 178-9

causal 44, 75, 128, 167 definitely assured, of definite assurance 18, 19, 22, 58, 64, 72, 78, 79, 169, 170

eighth 176, 181

first 15-7, 18, 19, 20, 177, 178 of joy 15, 17, 18, 58, 77, 221 of no more learning 167, 168 446

of non-retrogression 10, 13, 18, 20, 21, 24, 32, 40, 48, 53, 70, 85, 94, 111, 112, 120, 132, 133, 167, 255, 275

rightly established 24, 58, 64, 121, 135, 169, 170, 194 of teaching others 61, 62, 113, 175, 176, 194, 195-6, 252 ten 18, 130, 131, 174, 179, 230 tenth 212-3, 230

Steps to the Dharma Realm 333 Stewart, Harold xv, xviii stream-winner 158, 225 stupas (see alsopagodas) 168, 302, 328

Subsidiary Discourse on the Contemplation Sutra 349 SudarΩana 73, 155-6, 157-8 ¸uddhodana 29, 30, 143, 321 Sugata of Great Virtue 306, 307 Sukhåvat∆vy¥ha. See Sutra in Praise of the Pure Land; Teaching Assembly of the Tathågata of Infinite Life

Sukhåvat∆vy¥ha-s¥tra. See Larger Sutra; Smaller Sutra

Sukhåvat∆vy¥ha-upadeΩa. See Discourse on the Pure Land Sukhåvat∆vy¥ha-upadeΩa-kårikå. See Verses of Aspiration for Birth Summary of the Great Vehicle 223 Sunak≈atra 147, 208, 209 sundry acts, practices 57, 68, 93, 228, 238, 244, 245, 246, 248, 250, 252, 253, 254, 337

Sung, Emperor of 328

Sung dynasty 53, 331

Ω¥nyatå. Seeemptiness Ω¥raçgama samådhi 164, 212 ¸¥raçgama Samådhi Sutra 50,

163, 346

S¥rasena 301

S¥ryaprabha 140

Sutra Clearing Doubts Concerning the Semblance Dharma 290 Sutra Expounded by Mahåsatya nir gran tha 168 Sutra in Praise of the Pure Land 41

Sutra of Ritual Sprinkling and Mantras 315

Sutra of the Samådhi of Heroic Advance. See ¸¥raçgama Samå dhi Sutra Sutra on AmoghapåΩa's Divine Manifestation and Mantra 201 Sutra on Contemplation of Amitåyus. See Contemplation Sutra

Sutra on Contemplation of the Buddha of Infinite Life. See Contemplation Sutra

Sutra on Contemplation of the Mind-base 56

Sutra on Maitreya's Ascent to the Tu≈ita Heaven 278

Sutra on Mindfulness of the Right Dharma 275, 329

Sutra on M®gåra's Mother 290 Sutra on the Bodhisattva Precepts 316

Sutra on the Bodhisattvas Dwelling in the Womb 233, 238

Sutra on the Buddha-Contemplation Samådhi 29 Sutra on the Buddha of Infinite Life(see also Larger Sutra) 116, 132, 188, 223, 244

Sutra on the Buddha's Last Teaching 290 Sutra on the Buddha's Past Lives, Index

"Chapter on Upasena" 316 Sutra on the Four Continents Surrounding Sumeru 326 Sutra on the Immeasurably Pure and Equal Enlightenment 7, 11, 199, 259, 345, 347

Sutra on the Life of the Buddha 42 Sutra on the Lotus of Compassion "Chapter on Giving Predictions to Bodhisattvas" 46, 341, 347 "Chapter on Great Charity" 14, 234

Sutra on the Perfection of Wisdom Expounded by MañjuΩr∆ 33 Sutra on the Prediction of Avalo ki teΩ vara's Buddhahood 224 Sutra on the Questions of Bodhisattva Emptiness-Tranquility 326 Sutra on the Questions of Maudgal yåyana 32 Sutra on the Questions of the Youth Treasure Moon,

"Chapter on

Non-retrogression" 20 Sutra on the Samådhi of Collecting All Merits 315

Sutra on the Ten Stages 178 Sutra on the Ten Ways of Attaining Birth 36

Sutra on the Ten Wheels of K≈itigarbha 287, 315, 346 Sutra on the Twenty-four Vows. See Sutra on the Way of Salvation of Humans by Amida, the Perfectly Enlightened One, That Transcends All Buddhas Sutra on the Visualization of the Buddha of Infinite Life. See Contemplation Sutra

Sutra on the Vows of the Buddha Medicine Master 316

Sutra on the Way of Salvation of 447

Index

Humans by Amida, the Perfectly Enlightened One, That Transcends All Buddhas(see also Larger Sutra) 11, 199, 345, 347 Sutra on the Wise and the Foolish 288

Svåt∆ 399

T

Tai-chih 335

T'ai-hsüan-tu. SeeCapital of Great Profundity

Tai Shen 319

T'ai-shih-kung 324

Takanari. SeeGotoba-in Tamehito. SeeTsuchimikado-in, Emperor

T'ang dynasty 99, 344 T'an-luan 24, 27, 58, 63, 74, 78, 79, 88, 173, 196, 219

Tao chiao mu lu. See Catalog of Taoist Scriptures

Tao-ch'o 79, 254, 274-6 Taoism, Taoist xix, xx, 78, 319-20, 325-6, 330-1

T'ao-shu 331

Tao te ching. See Five Thousandcharacter Discourse Tathågata(s) (see alsoAmida; Buddha; Buddha Tathågatas) 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 25, 26, 40, 46, 49, 61, 64, 66, 68, 73, 75, 78, 83, 84, 86, 87, 89, 100, 101-2, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 115, 120, 130, 144, 146, 147, 152, 153, 154, 156, 158, 159, 163, 166, 172, 175, 180, 184, 194, 195, 201-3, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213-4, 215, 218, 227, 229, 230, 231, 239, 242, 248. 448

249, 251, 252, 256, 258, 262, 263, 264, 265, 267, 269, 277, 284-5, 289, 294, 296, 304, 307, 311, 315, 317, 332, 338

Tathågata of Inconceivable Light (see also Amida) 197

Tathågata of Infinite Life (see also Amida) 75, 85, 105, 120 Tathågata of Unhindered Light (see also Amida) 9, 25, 26, 78, 87, 214, 231, 240

Tattvalabdha 139-40, 144 Teaching Assembly of the Tathågata of Infinite Life 6, 10, 46, 85, 102, 126, 170, 199, 236, 259, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347 Ten Causes of Birth 346 Tendai school (see alsoT'ien-t'ai school) xiv

ten transgressions 167, 168 Thirty-third Vow 229

Thirty-two Heavens 330 three ages of the Dharma (see also Age of the Decadent Dharma; Age of the Right Dharma; Age of the Semblance Dharma) 275-90 three bodies (see alsobody of the Buddha) 34, 52, 224

Three Discourse school 55 Three Emperors 319

three KåΩyapa brothers 316-7 three minds (see alsodeep mind; sincere mind; true mind) 84, 89-90, 98, 100-1, 115, 123, 190, 191, 192, 239, 240, 241, 246, 251, 255, 257

three modes of action (see alsoacts of body, speech, and mind) 98, 102, 105, 111, 154, 243, 290, 311 three painful states of existence

65, 164, 222

three poisons 30, 103, 139, 164 three Pure Land sutras xviii, xix, 83, 238, 239, 244, 250, 256-7, 273

Three Pure Land Sutras xv, xviii Three Refuges (see alsoThree Treasures) 202, 315

Three Treasures (see alsoBuddha, Dharma, and Sangha) xvi, 35, 102, 152, 154, 168, 182, 183, 254, 266, 280, 295, 297, 307, 309, 311, 312, 314

three worlds 6, 15, 17, 60, 64, 74, 94, 99, 124, 162, 163, 171, 172, 173, 188, 193, 214-5, 221, 243-4, 266, 324, 325-6, 330 T'ien-t'ai's Discourse on the Fourfold Teachings 349 T'ien-t'ai school (see alsoTendai school) 49, 333

T'ien t'ai ssu chiao i. See T'ient'ai's Discourse on the Fourfold Teachings

T'ien t'ai ssu chiao i chih chieh. See Commentary on T'ien-t'ai's Discourse on the Fourfold Teachings Ting shan i. See Commentary on the Meditative Good

Tokyo xiv

Toribeno 336

transformed body. Seebody of the Buddha

Transformed Buddha(s) xix, 36, 181, 231, 233

Transformed Land(s) xix, 72, 80, 123, 223, 231, 233, 238 transmigration (see alsobirth and death; samsara) 52, 64, 81, 84, 99, 125, 166, 222, 272 Trapu≈a 305

Index

Treasure Country of Utmost Bliss 97

Treasure Land 129, 249, 270 Treasure Store 46

Treatise Clarifying the True 318 Treatise on the Mahayana 50 Tripi†aka 28, 99

Tripi†aka master 14, 78, 345 true body. Seebody of the Buddha true mind (see alsothree minds) xvi, 94, 101, 102, 103-4, 113, 116, 192, 193, 243-4, 246 true reality (see alsoultimate reality) 66, 104, 163, 169, 178, 185, 187, 188, 192, 206

true suchness xvii, 9, 29, 39, 65, 74, 78, 84, 169, 230

Tsan a mi t'o fo chieh. See Hymns in Praise of Amida Buddha Tsan a mi t'o fo chieh. See Verses on the Larger Sutra

Tsao li t'ien ti chi. See Record of the Creation of Heaven and Earth Tsuchimikado-in, Emperor 336 Tsukinowa Kanezane 337 Tsung-hsiao 70, 345

Tulå 300

Tung-fang Shuo 331

Tu-shun 134

Tu≈ita Heaven 298, 302, 303, 304, 306

twelve divisions of the Buddhist teachings, twelve-divisioned scriptures 28, 120, 203, 212, 267, 273

Twentieth Vow xviii, 255, 257-8, 272

twenty-five states of existence 74, 106

Twenty-four Vows 12

Twenty-second Vow 64

449

Index

twin Ωålatrees 251, 272, 322 Two-fascicle Sutra. See Larger Sutra

two kinds of good (see alsomeditative and non-meditative good, practices) 91, 239, 244 Two Records of Antiquity 329 Tzu-chou 167

Tzu-kung 325

Tz'u-min 43

Tzu River 172

Tzu-sang 325

Tzu-yu 329

Tz'u-yün 53, 54, 334 U

Udayana 140

u∂umbaraflower 6, 7, 43, 56 ultimate reality (see alsotrue reality) 8, 9, 29, 40, 41, 54, 84, 217 Universal Vow (see alsoOriginal Vow; Primal Vow) 3, 36, 38, 39, 44, 60, 72, 77, 79, 99, 119, 159, 174, 239, 241, 256, 263, 338 Upasena 316-7

upåya. See skillful means Uttarå≈å∂hå 301

Uttara-bhådrapadå 299 Uttarakuru 298, 299-300 Uttara-phålgun∆ 300 V

Vaideh∆ 3, 80, 131, 133, 136, 157, 158, 227, 239, 240, 241, 249 VaiΩrava√a 293, 299, 301, 313 Vajj∆ 301

vajra 100

Vaµsa 301

Vangåmagadha 301

Var≈akåra 157-8

450

vår≈ikatree 57

Vasu 141

Vasubandhu 25, 26, 27, 75, 78, 79, 83, 87, 100, 112, 115, 121, 176, 177, 180-96, 215, 218, 256, 272 Vedas 334

vehicle(s) (see alsoOne Vehicle) 69, 73, 227, 229

three xvi, 66, 67, 114, 123, 167, 168, 220, 224, 252, 334 two 66, 68, 69, 86, 114, 123, 129, 229, 252

Venus 292, 300

Verses of Aspiration for Birth 25 Verses on the Larger Sutra 32 vertical 70, 115-6 going out 116, 123, 252 transcendence 116, 123, 252 view(s) xvi, xix, xx, 42, 65, 94, 95, 97, 113, 119, 151, 158, 161, 167, 192, 244, 291, 292, 297 perverted 167, 168, 316 right 94, 297, 314 sixty-two 135

wrong xvii, xix, 52, 74, 77, 93, 97, 125, 144, 247, 262, 265, 279, 297, 308, 315, 318, 332 Vimalak∆rtinirdeΩa-s¥tra 182, 327 Vinaya school, texts 49, 54, 118, 133, 134, 282, 287, 290 VipaΩyin 155

virtue(s) xv, xvi, xvii, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 19, 23, 25, 29, 35, 48, 51, 52, 54-7, 59, 60, 61, 65, 67, 68, 71, 73, 79, 84, 86, 97, 102, 103, 105, 107, 108, 109, 121, 123, 127, 133, 152, 162, 179, 180, 181, 183, 193, 198, 221, 222, 236, 255, 257, 258, 264, 272, 277, 293, 317, 319, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330

four 15, 16

roots of 9, 255, 257, 258, 272 Vir¥chin 140

Vir¥∂haka 140, 147, 293, 299, 301, 313

Vir¥påk≈a 293, 299, 302, 313 v∆rya(see alsosix perfections) 317 ViΩåkha 140

ViΩåkhå 300

vow(s) xv, xviii, 9, 10, 11, 13, 21, 34, 46, 47, 52, 54, 55, 60, 63, 64, 69, 74, 75, 76, 79, 84, 91, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 111, 121, 123, 124, 128, 129, 130, 169, 170, 175, 179, 193, 195, 197, 200, 217, 218, 221, 223, 229, 233-4, 235, 239, 244, 250, 251, 255, 256, 258, 270, 272, 292, 332

great 10, 38, 41, 46, 50, 54, 64, 75, 78, 84, 102, 103, 123, 174, 179, 217

oceanlike 49, 104, 122, 230, 231 weighty 25, 34, 37, 75, 337 Vow, of Amida (see alsoOriginal Vow; Primal Vow; Universal Vow) xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, 5, 35, 40, 66, 68, 70, 72, 73-4, 76, 78, 94, 98, 113, 114, 115, 227, 233, 258, 261, 270, 271

vow-mind 100, 112-3, 175, 184 Vow-Power (see alsoPrimal Vow-Power) xvii, xx, 24, 34, 39, 40, 47, 64, 65, 91, 98, 115, 116, 167, 196, 272, 338

V®≈a 300

V®Ωcika 301

W

Wang Jih-hsiu 132

Wang sheng li tsan chieh. See Index

Hymns of Birth in the Pure Land Wang sheng lun chu. See Commentary on Vasubandhu's Discourse on the Pure Land

Way (see alsoGreat Way; Pure Land Way) 3, 4, 5, 6, 42, 59, 62, 63, 81, 87, 123, 124, 148, 178, 200, 209, 250, 266, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 286, 307, 325, 326, 331 Wei 323

Wei chiao fa lü. See Sutra on the Buddha's Last Teaching

Wei Ch'u-hsüan 319

Wen, Emperor 53, 320, 321 Wen ch'ih chi. See Notes for Memory Wen-hsüan, Emperor 328

West Ch'ung-fu Temple 99 Western Land (see alsoPure Land) 41, 42, 43, 173, 174, 223, 227, 256, 262, 263

wheel of the Dharma 181-2, 269, 303

wheel-turning monarch 19, 46, 65, 187, 236

wisdom(s) (see alsoBuddha wisdom; prajñå) xiii, xvi, xvii, 3, 6, 8, 15, 21, 26, 28, 34, 35, 47, 49, 51, 52, 62, 67, 68, 69, 73, 74, 76, 84, 87, 91, 101, 102, 104, 106, 108, 115, 118, 122, 127, 128, 138, 144, 167, 170, 173, 174, 185, 189, 191, 192, 193, 195, 198, 202, 204, 206, 210, 214, 219, 222, 224, 227, 235-6, 237, 248, 258, 273, 274, 275, 276, 278, 280, 281, 286, 292, 294, 297, 308, 317, 318, 328, 329 all-knowing 18, 225, 309 eye of 204, 326

wisdom (continued)

451

Index

of faith 13, 87, 130, 259, 270 four 8, 225

great 50, 80, 104, 156 liberation 29, 95 right 62, 92, 123 supreme 86, 87, 108, 235, 236 wisdom-perfection 15 Wo River 324

World-honored One(s) 5, 6, 7, 13, 14, 17, 21, 34, 86, 89, 125, 128, 135, 143, 144, 146, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 159, 202, 206, 207, 208, 209-10, 211, 213, 214, 224, 225, 226, 235, 259, 268, 286, 296, 298-302, 306-7, 309, 311, 313, 319

World Valiant One 6, 8 Wu, Emperor 332 Wu, kingdom of 331 Wu liang shou ching lien i shu wen tsan. See Commentary on the Larger Sutra

Wu shang chen shu. See Book of Supreme Truth

452

Y

yak≈a(s) 16, 86, 199, 287, 291, 293, 299, 301, 302, 305, 306 Yamamoto, Kosho xx Yao 319

Yellow Emperor 327 Yen-hui 326

Yin dynasty 327 Yin shu. See Book of Hidden Truth of the Great Heaven Yu, Emperor 331 Yüan, Emperor 319 Yüan-chao 49, 65, 117, 118, 134, 264, 342

Yüan-jang 325

Yüeh, kingdom of 331 Yü lan p'en ching shu hsin chi. See New Notes to the Commentary on the Ullambana Sutra Yung-ch'in 54, 118, 133 Yung-men gate 328 Z

Zenshin. SeeShinran Zen school 55