T262 The Lotus Sutra, Revised Second Edition

Chapter 26: Dhāraṇī

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All enemies will flee away.

He has a wondrous voice,

The voice of one who perceives the world, A voice like Brahma's, a voice like the rolling tide, A voice unsurpassed in this world; For this reason you should always contemplate him. You should have no doubt, even for a moment. The pure seer Avalokiteśvara will be a refuge When suffering distress or the misery of death. He is endowed with every quality, Sees the sentient beings with his benevolent eyes, And his ocean of merit is immeasurable; For this reason you should pay him homage. At that time Bodhisattva Dharaṇiṃdhara arose from his seat, went before the Buddha and said to him: "O Bhagavat! If there are any sentient beings who hear of this chapter,

'Bodhisattva Avalo kiteś vara, ' and these effortless

deeds, the manifestation of the gateway to all directions, and the transcendent powers, know that their merit will not be little!" When the Buddha taught the chapter, "The Gateway to Every Direction, "

the thought of incomparable highest, complete enlightenment awoke in eighty-four thousand sentient beings in the assembly. 302

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Dhāraṇī

Thereupon, rising from his seat with his right shoulder bared, Bodhisattva Bhaiṣajyarāja faced the Buddha with his palms pressed together, and spoke to him, saying: "O Bhagavat! If there is any son or daughter of a virtuous family who preserves the Lotus Sutraand recites it, is versed in it, and copies it, how much merit will he or she attain?"

Then the Buddha addressed Bhaiṣajyarāja, saying: "If there is any son or daughter of a virtuous family who pays homage to buddhas numbering as many as the sands of eight hundred myriads of koṭis of nayutas of Ganges Rivers, what do you think? Will the merit he or she attains be great or not?" He answered: "It will be great, O Bhagavat!"

The Buddha said: "If any son or daughter of a virtuous family preserves a verse of four lines of this sutra, recites it, understands the meaning, or practices what it teaches, his or her merit will be very great. "

Thereupon, Bodhisattva Bhaiṣajyarāja addressed the Buddha, saying: "O Bhagavat! I will now give the dhāraṇīs to the expounders of the Dharma and protect them.

"

He then recited a dhāraṇī:

Anye manye mane mamane citte carite same samitā viśānte mukte mukta tame same avisame samasame jaye kṣaye akṣaye akṣiṇe śānte samite dhāraṇi ālokabhāṣe pratyavekṣaṇi ni dhiru abhyantaranirviṣte abhyantara pāriśuddhi mutkule araḍe paraḍe sukāṇkṣi asamasame buddha vilokite dharmaparikśite saṃgha-nirghoṣanirghoṇi bhayā bhaya viśodhani mantre mantrākṣayate rute rutakauśalye akṣaye ak ṣa ya vanatāyevakkule valoḍa amanyanatāye. "O Bhagavat! This mantra-dhāraṇī was spoken by buddhas equal in number to the sands of sixty-two koṭis of Ganges Rivers. Anyone who attacks or slanders an expounder of the Dharma also attacks or slanders these buddhas.

"

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Thereupon, the Buddha Śākyamuni praised Bodhisattva Bhaiṣajyarāja, saying: "Splendid! Splendid! O Bhaiṣajyarāja! Out of compassion you have taught this dhāraṇīin order to protect the expounders of the Dharma. It will greatly benefit all sentient beings.

"

Then Bodhisattva Pradānaśūra addressed the Buddha, saying: "O Bhagavat! I also will teach a dhāraṇīin order to protect anyone who recites and preserves the Lotus Sutra.If ex pounders of the Dharma attain this dhāraṇī, no yakṣa, rākṣasa, pūtana, kṛtya,kumbhāṇḍa,or hungry ghost will ever have a chance to strike at their weaknesses even if they try to do so. "

In the presence of the Buddha he taught a dhāraṇī,saying: Jvale mahājvale ukke mukke aḍe aḍāvati nṛtye nṛtyāvati iṭṭini viṭṭini ciṭṭini nṛtyani nṛtyāvati.

"O Bhagavat! This mantra-dhāraṇīhas been spoken by buddhas equal in number to the sands of the Ganges River and everyone has rejoiced in it. Anyone who attacks or slanders an expounder of the Dharma also attacks or slanders these buddhas.

"

Thereupon, the devarājaVaiśravaṇa, a world-protector, addressed the Buddha, saying: "O Bhagavat! I will also teach a dhāraṇīout of pity for sentient beings and in order to protect ex pounders of the Dharma. "

He then recited a dhāraṇī,saying:

Aṭṭe naṭṭe vanaṭṭe anaḍe nāḍi kunaḍi.

"O Bhagavat! With this mantra-dhāraṇīI protect the ex pounders of the Dharma; I will also protect those who hold to this sutra. All heavy cares shall be banished for a hundred yojanas around.

"

At that time the devarājaDhṛtarāṣṭra was present in the assembly, respectfully surrounded by thousands of myriads of koṭis of nayutas of gandharvas. He came before the Buddha together with them and addressed the Buddha with his palms pressed together, saying: "O Bhagavat! With a mantra-dhāraṇī I will also protect those who hold to the Lotus Sutra. "

He then recited the dhāraṇī,saying:

Agaṇe gaṇe gauri gandhāri caṇḍāli mātaṅgi jaṅguli vrūsaṇi agasti. "O Bhagavat! This mantra-dhāraṇī was spoken by forty-two koṭis of 304

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buddhas. Anyone who attacks or slanders an expounder of the Dharma also attacks or slanders these buddhas. "At that time there were ten rākṣasīs. Their names were Lambā, Vi lam bā, Kūṭadantī, Puṣpadantī, Makuṭadantī, Keśinī, Acalā, Mālādhāri, Kuntī, and Sarvasattvojohārī. These ten rākṣasīs, together with Hārītī and their children and retinues, came before the Buddha and addressed him in unison, saying: "O Bhagavat! We also want to protect those who recite and preserve the Lotus Sutraand rid them of their heavy cares. Those who try to strike at the expounders of the Dharma through their weaknesses shall never be able to do so.

"

They then recited a dhāraṇī in the presence of the Buddha, saying: Iti me iti me iti me iti me iti me nime nime nime nime nime ruhe ruhe ruhe ruhe stuhe stuhe stuhe stuhe stuhe. "Let troubles come upon our heads rather than distress the ex pounders of the Dharma. No yakṣa, no rākṣasa, no hungry ghost, no pūtana, no kṛtya, no vetāla, no skanda, no omāraka, no apa s mā raka, no yakṣakṛtya, no manuṣyakṛtya,no fever; no fever for one day, for two days, for three days, for four days or even up to seven days or at any time; no one in the form of a man, no one in the form of a woman, no one in the form of a boy, no one in the form of a maiden, no one who may appear even in a dream, in any of these forms shall cause them distress. "

They then spoke to the Buddha in verse, saying: If anyone does not accept my dhāraṇī, And troubles one who expounds the Dharma, His head will be split into seven pieces Just like a branch of the arjakatree. Consider the transgression of parricide, Of pressing sesame mixed with impurities, Of cheating people with scales;

Consider the transgression committed by Devadatta Who divided the sangha.

Those who slander this expounder of the Dharma Shall suffer consequences such as these. 305

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After having spoken these verses the rākṣasīs addressed the Buddha, saying: "O Bhagavat! We also want to protect those who preserve, recite, and practice this sutra, and cause them to live at ease, rid them of their weighty cares, and drive out various poisons.

"

The Buddha said to the rākṣasīs: "Splendid! Splendid! You protect those who preserve the name of the Lotus Sutra. Your merit is immeasurable. How much more merit is there in protecting those who perfectly preserve and revere the sutra in various ways; such as by offering flowers, perfumes, necklaces, fragrant ointments, scented powders, burning incense, banners, canopies, and music, or by lighting ghee lamps, oil lamps, fragrant oil lamps, lamps of oil made from sumanas, campaka, vārṣika,and utpalaflowers! How much more merit is there in offering such things in hundreds to thousands of ways! O Kuntī! You and your retinues should protect the expounders of the Dharma in this way.

"

When this chapter,

"Dhāraṇī,

"

was taught, sixty-eight thousand people

attained the acceptance of the nonorigination of all dharmas. 306

Chapter 27: Ancient Accounts of King Śubhavyūha

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Ancient Accounts of

King Śubhavyūha

Thereupon, the Buddha addressed the great assembly, saying: "Once upon a time, immeasurable, limitless, inconceivable, and incalculable kalpas ago, there was a buddha named Jaladhara gar jita ghoṣa susvarana kṣatrarā ja saṃ ku su mitābhijña, a Tathāgata, Arhat, Completely Enlightened. His land was called Vairo cana raśmi pratimaṇḍitā and the kalpawas named Priyadarśana. There was a king practicing the teaching of the Buddha. He was called Śubha vyūha, and his consort was named Vimaladatta. They had two sons. One was named Vimalagarbha, and the other Vimala netra. These two sons were endowed with great transcendent power, merit, and wisdom, and practiced the bodhisattva path for a long time. They were versed in the perfections of giving (dāna), good conduct (śīla), perseverance (kṣānti), effort (vīrya), meditation (dhyāna), wisdom (prajñā), and skillful means and compassion, benevolence, joy, and generosity; as well as the thirty-seven helpful ways to attain the Dharma. Furthermore, they were also versed in the bodhisattva samā dhis of vimala, nakṣatrarājā ditya, vimala nirbhāsa, vimala rūpa, vimala bhāsa, alaṃkāra śubha,and mahātejogarbha.

"Then the Buddha, wanting to guide King Śubhavyūha, and out of compassion for sentient beings, taught this Lotus Sutra.At that time Prince Vimalagarbha and Prince Vimalanetra approached their mother and addressed her with their palms and ten fingers pressed together, saying: We entreat you, O mother, to go before the Buddha Jaladhara garjita ghoṣasusvaranakṣatrarājasaṃkusumitābhijña. We shall also go before him together with you, attend him, make offerings to him, and pay him homage. Why is this? Because this buddha teaches the Lotus Sutra amid the assembly of all the devas and humans. Thus we should all listen to him.

"Their mother answered the sons, saying:

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Your father follows heresies and is deeply attached to the teachings of the brahmans. You should go to your father to ask him to come with us. "Vimalagarbha and Vimalanetra said to their mother with their palms and ten fingers pressed together:

We are the children of the King of the Dharma, although we were born in this house of wrong views.

"The mother replied to her sons, saying:

You should have compassion for your father and show him great miracles. If he sees them, his mind will certainly be purified. He will then allow us to go before the Buddha.

"Thereafter the two sons jumped up into the air as high as seven tāla trees and, out of their love for their father, showed him various miracles. They walked, stood, sat, and slept in the air, causing water to flow from their upper bodies and blowing fire out of their lower bodies, causing water to flow from their lower bodies, and blowing fire out of their upper bodies; enlarging their bodies so that they filled the air, making them small and then enlarging them again; disappearing in midair and instantly reappearing on the earth; entering the earth as if it were water and walking on the water as though on the earth. By showing various marvels like these, they purified their father's mind and caused him to believe them. When their father saw the transcendent powers of his sons, he rejoiced a great deal at his unprecedented experience and addressed his sons with his palms pressed together, saying: Who is your teacher? Whose pupils are you?

"The two sons said:

O great king! The Buddha Jaladharagarjitaghoṣa susvarana kṣatrarāja saṃ kusumitābhijña is now sitting on the seat of the Dharma under the seven-jeweled bodhitree and teaching the Lotus Sutraextensively to the assembly of all the devas and humans in this world. He is our teacher. We are his pupils.

"The father said to his sons:

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I now also wish to see your teacher. Let me go with you! "Thereupon, the two sons descended from the air, approached their mother, and addressed her with their palms pressed together, saying: Our father believed us and the thought of highest, complete enlightenment can now awaken in him. We have done the Buddha's work for the sake of our father. We entreat you, O mother, to allow us to renounce household life and practice the bodhisattva path under the guidance of that buddha.

"At that time the two sons addressed the mother in verse, wanting to elaborate on this meaning further, saying: We entreat you, O mother, to allow us To renounce household life

And to become śrāmaṇas!

It is extremely difficult to meet buddhas. We will learn by following this buddha. It is more difficult to meet a buddha Than to see uḍumbaraflowers.

It is also difficult to escape from adversity. We entreat you to allow us

To renounce household life.

"Their mother addressed them immediately, saying: I give my consent for you to renounce household life. What is the reason for this? It is because it is difficult to meet a buddha. "Then the two sons addressed their parents, saying: Splendid! O father and mother! We entreat you now to approach and meet the Buddha Jaladharagar jita ghoṣa su svara na kṣatrarāja saṃ kusu mitā bhijña and pay homage to him. Why is this? Because it is difficult to meet a buddha, just as it is to see uḍumbara flowers or for a oneeyed turtle to find the hole in a floating piece of wood. Because of our profound merits accumulated in the past, we were born to meet the Buddha-Dharma. For this reason our father and mother should allow 309

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us to renounce household life. Why is this? Because it is difficult to meet buddhas and it is also difficult to obtain an opportunity for meeting them.

"At that time eighty-four thousand women in the palace of King Śubha vyūha all became capable of preserving this Lotus Sutra.Bodhisattva Vimala netra had already been versed in the saddharmapuṇḍarīka samādhifor a long time and Bodhisattva Vimalagarbha had also been versed in the sarvasattva pāpa jahana samādhifor immeasurable hundreds of thousands of myriads of koṭis of kalpas, for he wanted all sentient beings to be separated from evil states of being. The consort of that king attained the sarva buddha saṃgīti samādhiand the secret treasure house of the buddhas was revealed to her. In this way the two sons inspired their father through the power of their skillful means and caused him to have faith and pleasure in the Buddha-Dharma. "Then King Śubhavyūha together with his subjects and retinue, Queen Vimaladatta together with her servants and retinue, and the two princes together with forty-two thousand people came before the Buddha at the same time. Having approached the Buddha, they bowed until their foreheads touched his feet, then circled around him three times and sat to one side. "At that time the Buddha expounded and taught the Buddha-Dharma for the king's sake, greatly benefiting and rejoicing him. Then King Śubhavyūha and his queen took off their pearl necklaces worth hundreds of thousands and scattered them over the Buddha. In the air they transformed into a four-pillared jeweled platform. On the platform was a great jeweled bed, spread with hundreds of thousands of myriads of heavenly clothes. The Buddha sat crosslegged upon it, emitting great rays of light. Then King Śubhavyūha thought: The Buddha's form is marvelous, most superior in dignity, and given perfection by the most delicate countenance.

"Thereupon the Buddha Jaladharagar jita ghoṣa susvarana kṣatrarāja saṃ kusu mitābhijña addressed the fourfold assembly, saying: Do you see King Śubhavyūha standing with his palms pressed together in my presence? This king has become a monk in my Dharma. He will diligently practice the Dharma that aids those on the buddha path, and will become a buddha. He will be called Śālendrarāja. His land will 310

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be called Vistīrṇavatī and the kalpaAbhyudgatarāja. With this buddha Śālendra rāja will be innumerable bodhisattvas and śrāvakas. His land will be level. Such will be his merits.

"That king immediately gave his kingdom to his younger brother. He renounced household life and practiced the Buddha-Dharma together with his queen, two sons, and their retinue. For a period of eighty-four thousand years after their renunciation the king continued to make diligent efforts and practiced the Lotus Sutra.After this he attained the sarvaguṇālaṃkāravyūha samā dhi. He ascended instantly into the air to a height of seven tāla trees and addressed the Buddha, saying:

O Bhagavat! My two sons have done the Buddha's work. Through their miracles they have reformed my erring mind so that I dwell in the Buddha-Dharma. These two sons are my good friends; they enabled me to see the Bhagavat. It was because they wanted to nurture the roots of good merit accumulated in my past and benefit me that they were born in my house.

"Then the Buddha Jaladharagar jita ghoṣa susvarana kṣatra rāja saṃkusu mitābhijña addressed King Śubhavyūha, saying: Exactly! Exactly! It is exactly as you have said. If the sons and daughters of a virtuous family make good friends throughout many lives, after having planted roots of good merit, those good friends will perform the Buddha's work, illuminating, teaching, benefiting, and gladdening them, and will cause them to enter highest, complete enlightenment. O great king! You should know that a good friend is indeed the great spur that brings inspiration to others, causing them to meet a buddha and the thought of highest, complete enlightenment to awaken in them. O great king! Do you see these two sons? These two sons have already paid homage to buddhas equal in number to the sands of sixty-five hundred thousands of myriads of koṭis of nayutas of Ganges Rivers, closely attended the buddhas with respect, accepted the Lotus Sutrain their presence, and, in their compassion, caused sentient beings with false views to dwell in right views.

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Chapter 28: Encouragement of Bodhisattva Samantabhadra

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"Immediately after that, King Śubhavyūha descended from the air and addressed the Buddha, saying:

O Bhagavat! The Tathāgata is extraordinary. Because he is endowed with merits and wisdom, his topknot is brilliantly illuminated, his deep blue eyes are long and wide, the tuft of hair between his eyebrows is white like the bright moon, his white teeth are even and always shining, and his scarlet lips are like the bimbafruit in their beauty. "At that time King Śubhavyūha praised immeasurable hundreds of thousands of myriads of koṭis of qualities of the Buddha like these and, again, wholeheartedly addressed the Buddha with his palms pressed together, in the presence of the Tathāgata, saying:

O Bhagavat! This is unprecedented. The Tathāgata's Dharma is endowed and perfected with inconceivable subtle qualities. His teaching, integrity, and deeds are serene and comfortable. From today on we shall never act selfishly and the wrongful thoughts of false views, pride and anger shall never awaken in us.

"Having spoken these words he bowed to the Buddha and went away. "

The Buddha addressed the great assembly, saying: "What do you think about this? Is King Śubhavyūha someone unknown? He is none other than this Bodhisattva Padmaśrī. His Queen Vimala datta is none other than this Vairocanaraśmipratimaṇḍitādhvaja rāja now in the presence of the Buddha. Because she had compassion for King Śubhavyūha and his retinue, she was born here. These two sons are none other than Bodhisattva Bhaiṣajyarāja and Bodhisattva Bhaiṣajyasamudgata. These bodhisattvas Bhaiṣa jyarāja and Bhaiṣajyasamudgata perfected great qualities such as these and, having planted many roots of good merit under the guidance of innumerable hundreds of thousands of myriads of koṭis of buddhas, perfected inconceivable good merit. If anyone holds the names of these two bodhisattvas in memory, the devas and humans in this entire world will certainly pay homage to those bodhisattvas. "

When the Buddha taught this chapter,

"Ancient Accounts of King Śubha vyūha,

" eighty-four thousand people removed themselves from impurity, rid themselves of defilement, and attained pure Dharma-eyes with which to see the teachings.

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Encouragement of

Bodhisattva Samantabhadra

Thereupon Bodhisattva Samantabhadra, through his effortless transcendent power, dignity, and fame, arrived from the east together with innumerable, limitless, and incalculable numbers of great bodhisattvas. All the lands quaked universally wherever he passed. Jeweled lotus flowers rained down and immeasurable hundreds of thousands of myriads of koṭis of kinds of music were heard. He was surrounded by a great assembly of innumerable beings: humans and such nonhumans as devas, nāgas, yakṣas, gandharvas, asuras, garuḍas, kiṃnaras, and mahoragas, each manifesting dignity and transcendent powers. He then arrived at Mount Gṛdhra kūṭa in the sahāworld. He prostrated himself before Śākyamuni Buddha and circled around him to the right. He then addressed him, saying: "O Bhagavat! Afar in the land of the Buddha Ratna tejo'bhyudgatarāja I heard you expound the Lotus Sutrain this sahā world. I have come here to listen to you, together with the assembly of immeasurable and limitless hundreds of thousands of myriads of koṭis of bodhisattvas. I entreat you, O Bhagavat, to teach us how the sons and daughters of a virtuous family may attain the Lotus Sutraafter the parinirvāṇaof the Tathāgata.

"

The Buddha said to Bodhisattva Samantabhadra: "After the parinirvāṇa of the Tathāgata the sons and daughters of a virtuous family will attain the Lotus Sutraif they achieve the four necessary accomplishments: the first is to be protected by the buddhas; the second is to plant roots of good merit; the third is to enter a group of those who are rightly resolute; and the fourth is to awaken the thought of saving all sentient beings. Those sons and daughters of a virtuous family will definitely attain this sutra after the parinirvāṇa of the Tathāgata if they perfect these four accomplishments. "

Then Bodhisattva Samantabhadra addressed the Buddha, saying: "O Bhagavat! If there are those who preserve this sutra in the troubled world of five hundred years after, I will protect them and rid them of their heavy cares, cause 313

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them to attain happiness, and allow no one to strike at them through their weaknesses. I will not give Māra any chance to afflict them, nor the sons of Māra, daughters of Māra, minions of Māra, those possessed by Māra, yakṣas, rākṣasas, kumbhāṇḍas, piśācas, kṛtyas, pūtanas, or vetālas. If they recite this sutra, whether walking or standing, I will then come before them on a white elephant king with six tusks, together with the assembly of great bodhisattvas, manifest myself, pay homage and protect them, and console their minds for the sake of revering the Lotus Sutra.If they sit contemplating upon this sutra, I will then manifest myself before them on a white elephant king. If they forget a single line or a verse in the Lotus Sutra,I will teach and recite it with them and cause them to become proficient in it. At that time those who accept and recite the Lotus Sutra will be able to see me and, greatly rejoicing, will thus make further efforts. As a result of seeing me they will attain the samādhiand dhāraṇīs named āvartā dhāraṇī, koṭīśatasahasrāvartā dhāraṇī, and sarva ruta kauśalyāvartā dhāraṇī. They will attain dhāraṇīs like these. O Bhagavat! In the troubled world of five hundred years after those monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen who seek, preserve, recite, copy, and wish to practice this Lotus Sutrashould persevere singlemindedly for twenty-one days. After a full twenty-one days I will appear on a white elephant with six tusks, accompanied by innumerable bodhisattvas who themselves will also be surrounded by their retinues, and manifest myself before sentient beings in whatever form they wish to see. Then I will expound and teach the Dharma to them and gladden them. I will also give them a dhāraṇīspell. When they attain this dhāraṇī,nonhumans will have no power to destroy them and women no power to trouble them. I myself will also protect these people. I entreat you, O Bhagavat, to allow me to teach this dhāraṇī. "

Thus he taught the spell in the presence of the Buddha, saying: Adaṇḍe daṇḍapati daṇḍāvartani daṇḍakuśale daṇḍa sudhāri sudhāri sudhārapati buddhapaśyane sarvadhāraṇī āvartani sarvabhāṣyā vartane su-āvartane saṃghaparīkṣani saṃ gha nirghātani asaṃge saṃgāpa-gate tṛ-adhvasaṃgatulya prāpte sarvasaṃgasamatikrānte sarvadharma suparīkṣite sarva sattvarutakauśalyānugate siṃhavikrīḍite. "O Bhagavat! If there is any bodhisattva who hears this dhāraṇī, he should know it is because of the transcendent power of Samantabhadra. If there is anyone who accepts the Lotus Sutra practiced in Jambudvīpa, he 314

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should think: 'This is nothing but Samantabhadra's virtuous power. ' If there

is anyone who preserves, recites, correctly remembers, understands this meaning, and practices in accordance with the teaching, know that they are practicing the practice of Samantabhadra. They plant deep roots of good merit in the presence of innumerable and limitless buddhas. The Tathāgatas will caress their heads. If they copy this sutra, after their death they will be born in the Trāyastriṃśa Heaven. At that time eighty-four thousand heavenly maidens will welcome them, performing various kinds of music. They will wear seven-jeweled coronets and be happy among their female servants. How much more for those who preserve, recite, remember correctly, understand the meaning, and practice in accordance with the teaching! If there is anyone who preserves, recites, and understands this meaning, at the end of their life a thousand buddhas will offer their hands, so that they will neither be afraid nor fall into the troubled states of being. They will thus arrive in the Tuṣita Heaven of Bodhisattva Maitreya, who is endowed with the thirtytwo marks and surrounded by an assembly of great bodhisattvas and a retinue of hundreds of thousands of myriads of koṭis of heavenly maidens. There they will be born and such will be their merit and benefits. For this reason the wise should wholeheartedly copy, move others to copy, preserve, recite, and remember it correctly and practice in accordance with the teaching. O Bhagavat! Through my transcendent powers I will now protect, extensively distribute and keep this sutra from extermination in Jambudvīpa after the pari nirvāṇaof the Tathāgata.

"

Thereupon the Buddha Śākyamuni praised him, saying: "Splendid! Splendid! O Samantabhadra! You will protect this sutra and bring benefit and happiness to sentient beings in many places. You have already accomplished inconceivable merits and profound compassion. Long, long ago the thought of highest, complete enlightenment awakened in you, and you made this vow of transcendent power: 'I will protect this sutra. Through my transcendent powers I will protect the one who holds to the name of Bodhisattva Samanta bhadra.

' O Samantabhadra! If there is anyone who preserves, recites, correctly remembers, practices, and copies this Lotus Sutra, they should know that they will meet the Buddha Śākya muni and hear this sutra from the mouth of the Buddha. By this they should know that they are paying homage to the Buddha Śākyamuni. They should know that they will be 315

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praised by the Śākyamuni Buddha with the word 'Splendid!' They should know that the hand of the Buddha Śākyamuni will caress their heads. They should know that they will be clad in the robe of the Buddha Śākyamuni. Such people are not attached to worldly pleasures. They dislike heretical scriptures and writings. They are not pleased to consort with heretics, wicked people, butchers, those who keep boars, sheep, chickens, or dogs, hunters, or those who make a living by pandering. They will be honest in mind, and will have correct recollection and the power of merit. They will not be troubled by the three kinds of poison. Nor will they be confused by jealousy, selfishness, false pride, or arrogance. Having little desire they can know satisfaction and practice the practice of Samantabhadra. O Samantabhadra! If you meet anyone who preserves and recites the Lotus Sutra five hundred years after the parinirvāṇaof the Tathāgata, you should think like this: This man will before long approach the terrace of enlightenment, destroy the hosts of Māra, attain highest, complete enlightenment, turn the wheel of the Dharma, beat the drum of the Dharma, blow the conch of the Dharma, pour down the rain of the Dharma, and will sit on the lion seat of the Dharma in the great assembly of devas and humans. "O Samantabhadra! Those who preserve and recite this sutra in the future world will not be greedy for clothes, bedding, food and drink, and the necessities of life. Their aspirations will not be unrewarded, and their happy reward will be attained in this world. If there is anyone who despises them, saying: 'You are mad. This practice of yours is in vain and will attain nothing at the end,

' they will have no eyes lifetime after lifetime as a retribution for this wrongdoing. If there is anyone who pays them homage and praises them, he will attain tangible rewards in this world. If anyone sees those who preserve this sutra and speaks maliciously about their faults, whether true or not, such a person will suffer from leprosy in this life. If anyone scorns them, that person's teeth will be either loose or missing; their lips will be ugly, their nose will be flat, their limbs will be crooked; they will squint; their body will stink and be dirty, suffering from evil tumors, oozing pus; their belly will swell with water; and they will have tuberculosis and other evil and serious illnesses. For this reason, O Samantabhadra, if you see anyone who holds to this sutra, 316

Chapter XXVIII

you should stand up and show your respect even from afar, just as you would pay homage to the Buddha.

"

When this chapter,

"Encouragement of Bodhisattva Samantabhadra,

"

was being taught, innumerable and limitless bodhisattvas equal in number to the sands of Ganges Rivers attained hundreds of thousands of myriads of koṭis of dhāraṇīs named āvartā, and bodhisattvas equal to the number of atoms in the manifold cosmos mastered the path of Samantabhadra. When the Buddha had taught this sutra, the entire great assembly of bodhisattvas including Samantabhadra, the śrāvakas including Śāriputra, devas, nāgas, humans, and nonhumans rejoiced greatly, accepted the Buddha's words, bowed to him and departed.

317

Back Matters

Glossary

anuttarā samyaksaṃbodhi:Complete, perfect enlightenment.

apasmāraka:A class of demonic beings.

arhat ("one who is worthy"): A saint who has completely eradicated the passions and attained liberation from the cycle of birth and death (samsara); arhatship is the highest of the four stages of spiritual attainment in the Hinayana. Capitalized, the term is an epithet for a buddha. See alsobirth and death; Hinayana.

asura:A class of supernatural beings that are in constant conflict with the gods (devas). See also deva.

Avalokiteśvara: The name of a great bodhisattva who represents great compassion. Bhagavat ("Blessed One"): A venerable teacher; an epithet of a buddha. birth and death (samsara): The cycle of existence, the continuous round of birth and death through which beings transmigrate; the world of suffering, contrasted with the bliss of nirvana. See alsonirvana; sahā world; triple world. bodhisattva ("enlightenment being"): The spiritual ideal of the Mahayana, a selfless being with universal compassion who has generated the profound aspiration to achieve enlightenment in order to benefit sentient beings. In the course of their spiritual careers, bodhisattvas engage in the practice of the six perfections and pass through stages of increasingly higher levels of spiritual accomplishment. See also Mahayana; six perfections.

bodhitree: The tree under which a buddha attains enlightenment. buddhahood: The state of becoming or being a buddha; the goal of the bodhisattva path. buddha land: A cosmic world or realm in which a particular buddha dwells. Brahma: Lord of the sahāworld. See also sahāworld.

brahman: The priestly caste in the Indian caste system; in the Lotus Sutra the term also applies to a class of heavenly beings.

Decadent Dharma: The last of the three ages of the Dharma, following the age of the Semblance Dharma, in which only the teaching of the Buddha exists but correct practice is no longer possible. See alsoSemblance Dharma; True Dharma. 319

Glossary

dependent origination (pratītyasamutpāda): The Buddhist doctrine which holds that all phenomena (dharmas) arise in relation to causes and conditions and in turn are the causes and conditions for the arising of other phenomena. Nothing exists independently of its causes and conditions. See also dharma. deva:A class of supernatural beings; a god or divine being.

Devadatta ("God-given"): A cousin of the Buddha who became his disciple but later tried to murder him and assume leadership of the sangha.

dhāraṇī:A powerful verbal incantation or mantra.

dharma:Any phenomenon, thing, or element; the elements that make up the perceived phenomenal world.

Dharma: The truth, law; the teachings of the Buddha. See alsoDecadent Dharma; Semblance Dharma; True Dharma. Dharma body (dharmakāya): The manifestation of the Buddha as ultimate reality. emptiness (śūnyatā): The absence of substantiality or inherent existence of the self and all phenomena (dharmas); all dharmas arise only through the dependent origination of causes and conditions (pra tītya samutpāda). Direct insight into emptiness is the attainment of prajñā (transcendental wisdom). See also dependent origination; dharma; prajñā.

five skandhas: The five elements of form, feeling, conception, mental process, and consciousness which comprise the personality and give rise to the mistaken view of a permanent, inherent self.

four modes of birth: According to Buddhism, the four possible ways that a being may be born, i.e., 1) from a womb, 2) from an egg, 3) from moisture, or 4) through metamorphosis or spontaneous generation. Four Noble Truths: The basic doctrine of Buddhism: 1) the truth of suffering, 2) the truth regarding the cause of suffering, 3) the truth regarding the extinction of suffering, and 4) the truth regarding the path to nirvana.

gandharva:A heavenly musician.

garuḍa: A mythological being in the form of a giant bird.

Hinayana ("Lesser Vehicle"): A derogatory term applied by Mahayana Buddhists to early schools of Buddhism whose primary soteriological aim is individual salvation. Hinayana followers are grouped into the two categories of śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas and there are four stages of spiritual attainment, culminating in arhatship. See alsoarhat; Mahayana; non-returner; once-returner; pratyekabuddha; śrāvaka;stream-enterer. Jambudvīpa: A mythological continent, one of the four continents that surround Mount Sumeru; the world of human beings. See alsoMount Sumeru.

320

Glossary

kalpa:An eon, an immensely long period of time.

karma ("action"): Any action of body, speech, or mind (thought), which may be either morally good, bad, or neutral. The concept of karma is connected with the Buddhist theory of transmigration in the cycle of birth and death. See alsobirth and death. kiṃnara:A class of mythological beings, half bird and half human, that make celestial music.

koṭi:A large unit of measurement, said to equal ten million. kṛtya:A class of evil beings, sorcerers.

kṣatriya:The warrior caste in the Indian caste system; the politically governing or military. kumbhāṇḍa:A class of demonic beings.

lion's roar: A metaphor for great eloquence in teaching the Dharma. Mahayana: ("Great Vehicle"): A form of Buddhism that developed in India around 100 B.C.E. and which exalts as its religious ideal the bodhisattva, great beings who aspire to enlightenment on behalf of all sentient beings. See alsobodhisattva. mahoraga:A class of snake-like mythical beings.

Maitreya: The future Buddha, currently still a bodhisattva. See also bodhisattva. Mañjuśrī: The bodhisattva who represents great wisdom. See alsobodhisattva. manuṣyakṛtya:A class of human sorcerers. See also kṛtya; yakṣakṛtya. Māra: The Evil One, the personification of death. The lower-case term māra refers to the afflictions that hinder progress on the path to buddhahood. Mount Sumeru: In Buddhist cosmology, the highest mountain rising from the center of the world, surrounded by an ocean in which the four continents that comprise the world of human beings are situated.

nayuta:A large unit of numerical measurement, said to be equal to ten million or one hundred billion.

nirvana: Liberation from the cycle of birth and death, a state in which all passions are extinguished and the highest wisdom (prajñā) attained; bodhi,enlightenment. See alsobirth and death; prajñā.

non-returner (anāgāmin): The third of the four stages of spiritual attainment in the Hinayana; one who has attained this stage is no longer subject to rebirth in the realm of desire. See alsoHinayana; triple world.

once-returner (sakṛdāgāmin): The second of the four stages of spiritual attainment in the Hinayana; one who has attained this state is subject to rebirth only once in each of the three realms of the triple world before attaining nirvana. See also Hinayana; nirvana; triple world.

321

Glossary

parinirvāṇa:Complete nirvana See alsonirvana.

prajñā:Transcendental, liberative wisdom; one of the six perfections. See alsosix perfections. pratyekabuddha("solitary enlightened one"): One of the two kinds of Hinayana followers, along with śrāvakas, who seek to reach the stage of arhat and attain nirvana. A pratyekabuddhaattains liberation through direct observation and understanding of the principle of dependent origination without the guidance of a teacher, and does not teach others. See alsoarhat; dependent origination; Hinayana; nirvana; śrāvaka. piśāca:A class of demonic beings.

pūtana:A class of demonic beings that cause disease in children. rākṣasa:A type of demon. The female form is rākṣasī.

sahāworld: The world of endurance, suffering.

Śakra: Lord of the devas. See also deva.

Śākyamuni ("Sage of the Śākyas"): The historical Buddha, who lived in India in the fifth century B.C.E. and whose life and teachings form the basis for Buddhism. Śākyas: The name of the historical Buddha Śākyamuni's family clan. samādhi:Mental concentration; a meditative state.

sangha: The Buddhist order, the community of Buddhist followers. Semblance Dharma: The second of the three ages of the Buddhist Dharma, following the age of the True Dharma, in which the Buddha's teaching is practiced but enlightenment is no longer possible. See alsoDecadent Dharma; True Dharma. sense faculties: The sense perceptions that correspond to the six sense organs (eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and mind)—visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, and mental perceptions.

single vehicle (ekayāna): The one buddha vehicle, the Mahayana teaching espoused in the Lotus Sutrathat leads to complete enlightenment and attainment of buddhahood, contrasted with the teachings of the two Hinayana vehicles. The single vehicle includes and transcends all three vehicles of the śrāvaka, pratyeka buddha, and bodhisattva paths. See alsothree vehicles; two vehicles.

six perfections (parāmitās): Six qualities perfected by bodhisattvas—1) giving (dāna), 2) integrity or good conduct (śīla), 3) perseverance (kṣānti), 4) diligence or effort (vīrya), 5) meditation (dhyāna), and 6) wisdom (prajñā). See also bodhisattva; prajñā. skillful means (upāya): The various methods and means used by buddhas and bodhisattvas to guide and teach sentient beings, adapted to their different capacities. 322

Glossary

śramaṇa:Mendicant, monk; a Buddhist monk, originally applied to those who maintained an ascetic practice.

śrāmaṇera:A novice in the Buddhist sangha.

śrāvaka("auditor"): Originally, a disciple of the Buddha, one of those who heard him expound the teachings directly; later, the term came to refer to one of the two kinds of Hinayana followers, along with pratyekabuddhas, to distinguish them from followers of the Mahayana. See also Hinayana; Mahayana; pratyekabuddha. stream-enterer (srota-āpanna): The first of the four stages of spiritual attainment in the Hinayana; one who has entered the stream of the Dharma by destroying various wrong views. See alsoHinayana.

stupa: A tope; a structure in which the relics of a buddha are placed. Sugata ("Well-gone"): An epithet for a buddha; one who has attained bliss. sutra: A Buddhist scripture, a discourse of the Buddha. Tathāgata: An epithet for a buddha. It means "one who has gone to (gata) and come from (āgata) the truth of suchness (tathā),

" i.e.,

"one who embodies the truth of

suchness.

"

three vehicles: The paths of the śrāvakas, pratyekabuddhas, and bodhisattvas, respectively. See alsobodhisattva; pratyekabuddha; śrāvaka.

triple world: The three realms of samsaric existence in which living beings transmigrate as a result of their karma: 1) the realm of desire (kāma dhātu), i.e., the world of ordinary consciousness accompanied by desires; the realm of form (rūpadhātu), in which desires have been eliminated but the physical body remains; and the formless realm (ārūpya dhātu), in which the physical body no longer exists. True Dharma: The first of the three ages of the Buddhist Dharma, in which the Buddhist teaching is properly practiced and enlightenment can be attained. See alsoDecadent Dharma; Semblance Dharma.

two vehicles: The two Hinayana paths of śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas. See also Hinayana; pratyekabuddha;śrāvaka.

universal monarch (cakravartin): The ideal king, as conceived of in Indian philosophy. yakṣa:A class of demonic beings.

yakṣakṛtya:A class of demonic sorcerers. See also kṛtya. yojana:An Indian unit of distance, roughly equivalent to seven to nine miles, based on the distance the royal army could march in one day.

323

Bibliography

Burnouf, Eugène. Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi. Traduit du sanscrit, accompagné d' une commentaire et de vingt et une mémoires relatifs au Buddhisme. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1852.

Ehara, Ryozui.

"The Lotus of the Wonderful Truth" (Chapters 2, 3, 10, 11, 16). Manual of Nichiren Buddhism.Edited by R. Ehara. Honolulu & Tokyo: Young East Association, 1953, pp. 5-32. Heng Yen, et al. The Dharma Flower Sutra.Volumes 1-10. San Francisco: Buddhist Text Translation Society, 1977-82.

Hurvitz, Leon. Scripture of the Lotus Blossom of the Fine Dharma (The Lotus Sutra). New York: Columbia University Press, 1976.

Karashima, Seishi. A Glossary of Kumārajīva

'

s Translation of the Lotus sutra(Miao fa lian

hua jing ci dian). Tokyo: International Research Institute for Advanced Buddho logy, Soka University, 2001.

Katō, Bunnō, et al. Myōhō-renge-kyō: The Sutra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Law.Tokyo: Rissho Kosei-kai, 1971. Revised by William E. Soothill and Wilhelm Schiffer.

Katō, Bunnō, et al. The Threefold Lotus Sutra.New York and Tokyo: Weatherhill and Kosei, 1975.

Kern, Jan Hendrik. Saddharmapuṇḍarīka, or The Lotus of the True Law. Oxford: Clarendon, 1884. Murano, Senchū. The Sutra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Law.Tokyo: Nichiren Shu Headquarters, 1974.

Nakamura, Hajime. Indian Buddhism: A Survey with Bibliographical Notes. Hirakata: Kansai University of Foreign Studies Publication, 1980. Shen, Haiyan. The Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra: T'ien-tai Philosophy of Buddhism.New Delhi: Distributed by D.K. Publishers Dostributors, 2005. Soothill, William E. The Lotus of the Wonderful Law, or The Lotus Gospel. Oxford: Clarendon, 1930. Reprint, San Francisco: Chinese Materials Center, 1977. Wang, Eugene Y. Shaping the Lotus Sutra: Buddhist Visual Culture in Medieval China. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 2005.

325

Index

Bibliography

Yuyama, Akira. A Bibliography of the Sanskrit Texts of the Saddhar ma puṇḍarīka sūtra. Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1970. —

. Eugène Burnouf: The Background to His Research into the Lotus Sutra. Tokyo, International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology, Soka University, 2000 326

Index

A

Abbot, Terry xv

Ābhāsvara Heaven 253, 258 Abhayaṃ dada (see alsoAvalo kiteśvara) 298

Abhirati 129

Abhyudgatarāja kalpa 311 Acalā 305

Adhimātrakāruṇika 119 Age of the Decadent Dharma (see also Decadent Dharma) 191, 197 Age of the Semblance Dharma (see also Semblance Dharma) 266 Ajātaśatru, King 4 Ajita (see alsoMaitreya) 215, 216, 233, 237, 239, 240, 241, 245, 246, 247, 248 Ājñāta kauṇḍinya (see alsoKauṇ ḍinya) 3, 26, 144, 147

Akaniṣṭha Heaven 5 Ākāśapratiṣṭhita 130 Akṣayamati 295, 296, 297, 298, 299 Akṣobhya 129

all-knowledge (see alsoomniscience) 13, 147

aloeswood 234, 236, 254, 255, 280 Amitāyus 130, 285 anāgāmin(s) (see alsonon-returner) 246, 284

Ānanda 3, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155 Anantacāritra 210 Anantamati 13

Anantavikramin 3

Anavatapta 4

Anikṣipta dhura 3 Aniruddha 3, 144

anuttarā samyaksaṃbodhi(see also enlightenment, complete, highest) 3 apa smāraka 305

arhat(s) 3, 32, 44, 93, 134, 144, 146, 187, 190, 195, 284 free from corruption 3, 26, 27, 246 path of 147

stage of 246

Arhat (see alsoBuddha) 44, 51, 52, 96, 103, 106, 108, 110, 113, 140, 144, 151, 153, 155, 181, 265, 279, 289, 292, 307

arhatship 32, 134, 138, 176, 181, 188, 246, 248

arjakatree 305

Asita 180

assembly(ies) 3, 4, 11, 14, 18, 23, 28, 29, 30, 33, 71, 95, 99, 109, 118, 119, 122, 124, 128, 130, 144, 146, 152, 153, 157, 164, 169, 171, 179, 182, 185, 187, 205, 209, 210, 212, 213, 214, 216, 218, 224, 240, 241, 247, 262, 268, 270, 279, 302, 304, 307, 308, 313, 314, 315

Dharma 245, 248, 249 fourfold 5, 6, 12, 17, 26, 27, 32, 54, 55, 128, 139, 162, 164, 165, 167, 169, 171, 172, 179, 181, 202, 206, 207, 210, 234, 266, 267, 268, 269, 272, 278, 298, 299, 310 327

Index

assembly(ies) (continued)

great 4, 14, 15, 16, 17, 26, 37, 45, 48, 49, 51, 54, 77, 89, 99, 103, 127, 129, 138, 167, 168, 172, 173, 190, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 218, 223, 229, 233, 234, 236, 248, 251, 254, 260, 272, 278, 283, 289, 307, 312, 313, 316, 317

asura(s) 4, 14, 29, 54, 95, 96, 108, 125, 132, 151, 157, 162, 167, 168, 170, 205, 223, 252, 253, 256, 259, 260, 262, 265, 271, 278, 279, 283, 293, 298, 313 four kings of 4

atimuktagrass 243

Avabhāsaprāpta 103

Ava lo kiteśvara 3, 295-302

Avanāmitavaijayantā 151, 152 Avīci Hell 5, 6, 73, 268

B

Baḍin 4

Bakkula 3, 144

Best of Humans (see alsoBuddha) 15, 16, 27, 28, 29, 40, 54, 99, 123, 125, 212 Bhadrā 188

Bhadrapāla 3, 268

Bhagavat(s) (see alsoBuddha Bhagavat) xiii, 4, 5, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 37, 40, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 55, 58, 79, 80, 83, 84, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 103, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 113, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 121, 123, 125, 126, 128, 132, 133, 134, 135, 139, 140, 141, 144, 146, 147, 148, 151, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 163, 167, 168, 169, 172, 179, 181, 182, 184, 187, 188, 189, 191, 192, 193, 194, 198, 200, 201, 203, 209, 210, 211, 212, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 223, 224, 227, 228, 233, 234, 236, 237, 239, 241, 245, 246, 248, 251, 252, 255, 259, 328

260, 261, 263, 265, 266, 268, 271, 273, 277, 278, 279, 281, 282, 289, 290, 291, 292, 294, 295, 297, 298, 299, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315 Bhaiṣajyarāja 3, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 187, 279-87, 289, 294, 303, 304, 312

Bhaiṣajyasamudgata 302, 329

Bhīṣmagarjitasvararāja 265-66, 268 Bibliography of the Sanskrit Texts of the Saddharmapuṇḍarīka sūtra, A

(Yuyama) xiv

bimbafruit 312

birth(s) 127, 132, 134, 138, 233, 235, 251, 257

four modes of 245

birth and death 34, 42, 45, 74, 150, 233, 298, 299

birth, old age, illness, and death 13, 55, 59, 60, 69, 127, 265, 301

Black Mountain 284

bodhicitta. Seeenlightenment, thought of bodhimaṇḍa. Seeenlightenment, terrace of bodhisattva(s) 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 24, 25, 28, 31, 32, 34, 39, 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 52, 53, 56, 61, 70, 71, 72, 79, 84, 85, 90, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 114, 128, 129, 141, 142, 143, 145, 147, 151, 152, 153, 155, 162, 169, 182, 183, 185, 187, 188, 189, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 209, 210, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 223, 227, 235, 237, 239, 240, 241, 247, 252, 254, 255, 259, 260, 261, 262, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 274, 279, 280, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 296, 297, 311, 312, 313, 314, 317 assembly 130, 146, 169, 171, 179, 209, 211, 212, 213, 215, 218, 223, 236, 272, 278, 279, 283, 317

four 210, 211

great 90, 143, 158, 170, 200, 201, 211, 212, 213, 216, 217, 218, 224, 234, 240, 279, 284, 285, 313, 314, 315 instruction for 4, 13, 14, 15, 43, 51, 128, 167, 272

mahā sattva(s) 3, 5, 168, 189, 193, 194, 200, 201, 202, 209, 210, 212, 215, 216, 233, 234, 268, 271, 272, 277, 278, 279

non- 201, 203

path 5, 53, 102, 106, 108, 111, 135, 140, 161, 165, 168, 183, 188, 200, 218, 219, 220, 225, 266, 307, 309 practice(s) 53, 130, 142, 182, 185, 193, 194, 196

samādhis 307

sixteen 129

teaching 79, 92

transcendent powers 140, 285, 295 bodhitree 42, 115, 118, 120, 122, 124, 207, 217, 219, 241, 308

Brahma(s) 4, 6, 42, 54, 93, 115, 120, 123, 127, 133, 134, 206, 236, 247, 250, 259, 261, 284, 292, 297, 302 assembly of 14, 118, 119, 122, 124 great 4, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 184

kings 100

world 175, 234, 236, 240, 242, 253, 255, 258, 271, 273

Brahmadhvaja 130

brahman(s) 14, 49, 51, 80, 123, 127, 190, 193, 195, 197, 202, 260, 293, 298, 308 Buddha (see alsoBhagavat; Buddha Bhagavat; Buddha Tathā gata; Śākyamuni; Tathāgata) 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 39, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 68, 70, 72, 73, 75, 76, 79, Index

84, 85, 90, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98, 101, 102, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 132, 133, 134, 135, 138, 139, 140, 143, 144, 146, 147, 149, 151, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 164, 168, 169, 171, 172, 179, 180, 181, 183, 184, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 196, 203, 206, 209, 210, 212, 213, 215, 217, 218, 219, 220, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 233, 234, 237, 240, 241, 242, 244, 245, 246, 251, 259, 265, 266, 271, 272, 274, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 284, 285, 289, 290, 291, 292, 294, 295, 297, 298, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 317

body, form 176, 283, 310

extinction, nirvana, parinirvana 15, 18, 19, 32, 136, 172, 175, 177, 187, 189, 209, 219, 265, 270, 271, 273, 282 heir(s) 44, 47, 77, 84, 85, 90, 92, 177, 201, 219, 234, 244, 299

lifespan 230, 235, 236, 237, 239, 240 mouth, voice 50, 105

name 236

path 53, 55, 100, 206, 218 power(s) 271

qualities 138, 139, 218, 312 relics 54, 78, 240

seed of 73, 74

stupas 167, 240, 284

teaching 50, 61, 73, 84, 90, 101, 125, 307

wisdom 31, 52, 60, 61, 70, 71, 101, 105, 109, 147, 163, 211, 215, 216, 237, 265, 277, 285

words 49, 85, 105, 108, 219, 223, 230, 239, 317

329

Index

buddha(s) 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 43, 45, 46, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 60, 61, 62, 71, 77, 85, 90, 91, 94, 100, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 136, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 151, 152, 143, 154, 155, 157, 158, 160, 161, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 177, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 188, 191, 192, 201, 206, 210, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 220, 224, 225, 227, 234, 236, 237, 238, 243, 247, 252, 254, 255, 260, 261, 262, 263, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 284, 286, 289, 292, 299, 303, 304, 305, 307, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 315

-eye 41, 103, 224

form 168, 173, 293, 297

future 31, 37, 40, 90, 140, 157, 274 heir(s) 7, 9, 10, 11, 34, 37, 48, 100, 141, 159, 174, 262

image(s) 38, 39

land(s) 12, 91, 136, 140, 141, 142, 143, 236, 272

original vow of 40, 172

parinirvāṇa 5, 11, 37, 38, 50, 53, 108, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 135, 141, 172, 268, 273

past, previous 5, 12, 31, 38, 40, 42, 72, 139, 142, 153, 157, 202, 211, 263, 264, 267, 274

path 7, 8, 9, 15, 17, 24, 26, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 46, 51, 55, 70, 77, 78, 92, 93, 102, 110, 111, 116, 126, 130, 132, 133, 135, 136, 141, 152, 153, 154, 157, 159, 160, 161, 165, 168, 169, 170, 176, 177, 184, 188, 195, 330

198, 199, 200, 204, 205, 206, 212, 214, 217, 218, 219, 220, 224, 228, 235, 237, 248, 269, 270, 273, 275, 287, 310

-seeds 40

seven 140

skillful means of 20, 26, 27, 35, 41, 70 stupas 38, 110

transcendent powers of 202, 215, 272 treasured lore of 4, 13, 14, 15, 51, 128, 167, 272

vehicle(s) 31, 32, 41, 42, 62, 70, 130, 131, 132, 138

wisdom 3, 8, 11, 16, 23, 25, 27, 30, 31, 34, 35, 40, 44, 52, 59, 84, 91, 104, 111, 129, 130, 132, 135, 136, 138, 149, 207, 211, 215

word(s) of 26, 35, 37, 41, 48 world(s) 4, 5, 11, 14, 16, 17, 31, 34, 52, 79, 107, 117, 140, 170, 175, 271, 289, 290

Buddha Bhagavat(s) 30, 31, 56, 60, 61, 71, 97, 103, 104, 110, 129, 161, 201, 270

Buddha-Dharma 7, 47, 103, 110, 140, 154, 214, 246, 260, 263, 282, 309, 310, 311

Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha (see also Three Treasures) 44, 267-68 buddhahood 23, 28, 29, 34, 218, 223, 224, 225, 228, 235, 267

Buddha Tathāgata(s) (see alsoTathāgata) 30, 31, 32, 152, 154, 155, 171, 203, 226, 285

Buddhist xv

canon xiii, xiv

C

cakravartin. Seeuniversal monarch campaka 243, 254, 280, 285, 306 Candra 4

Can dra prabha 3

Candrasūryapradīpa 12-15, 17, 20, 267 Candrasūryavimalaprabhāsaśrī 279-83 Chandra, Lokesh xiv

China xiii

Chinese language xiii, xiv, xv Cunda 144

D

dāna (see alsogiving; perfections) 17, 38, 237, 241, 243, 307

Decadent Dharma 191, 197, 242 dependent origination 13, 40, 127, 134, 194, 265

deva(s) 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 24, 28, 29, 38, 41, 43, 46, 51, 53, 56, 57, 64, 98, 102, 105, 106, 114, 115, 116, 117, 121, 122, 123, 124, 127, 128, 129, 131, 132, 134, 140, 149, 154, 159, 165, 171, 173, 175, 176, 178, 179, 181, 186, 187, 189, 190, 192, 193, 197, 210, 224, 231, 238, 250, 252, 258, 260, 263, 264, 266, 269, 270, 272, 275, 279, 283, 284, 290, 291, 292, 295, 296, 299, 305, 306, 307, 312, 313, 324, 325, 329, 331, 335

of great merit 118, 120, 122, 124 king, lord of (see alsoŚakra) 4, 54, 255, 284

thirty-three 115, 167, 255, 284 Devadatta 179-81, 305

devamāras 123, 127

devaputra(s) 4, 42, 54, 57, 205, 259 devarāja 304

Devarāja 181

Deva so pānā 181

dhāraṇī(s) 3, 247, 294, 303-307, 314 āvartā 314, 317

koṭīśatasahasrāvartā 314

mantra- 303, 304

Index

sarva ruta kauśalyāvartā 314 -spell 314

of understanding the speech of sentient beings 281, 287

Dharaṇiṃdhara 302

Dharma (see alsoBuddha-Dharma; Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha; Decadent Dharma; Semblance Dharma; True Dharma) 5, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 60, 61, 72, 75, 77, 79, 91, 94, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 106, 107, 114, 115, 116, 119, 121, 126, 127, 129, 132, 135, 136, 139, 140, 141, 143, 144, 145, 152, 153, 154, 158, 162, 164, 165, 169, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 179, 180, 184, 185, 189, 190, 191, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 213, 216, 219, 224, 228, 229, 230, 231, 234, 236, 239, 240, 246, 247, 248, 250, 255, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 267, 268, 269, 270, 274, 277, 280, 281, 282, 292, 293, 297, 298, 305, 307, 310, 312, 314

assembly 245, 248, 249

conch 12, 123, 287, 316

drum(s) 9, 12, 123, 126, 287, 316 excellent, great, marvelous 7, 12, 18, 54, 180, 234, 271, 287

expounder(s), teacher(s) 13, 18, 19, 20, 139, 140, 157, 159, 162, 163, 164, 165, 188, 198, 243, 251, 253, 256, 260, 303, 304, 305, 306 -eyes 312

foremost, highest, utmost 43, 51, 54, 123, 134, 159, 206, 207, 215, 217, 229

halls 258

of immortality 99, 105, 156, 301 331

Index

Dharma (continued)

inconceivable, unprecedented 23, 27, 47

incorruptible, pure 48, 49, 50, 92, 100, 116, 143, 207, 259, 271 of one flavor, of a single flavor 99, 101 path(s) to 40, 41,96

profound, subtle 17, 23, 26, 27, 55, 180, 254

rain 12, 100, 101, 123, 133, 301, 316 seat 16, 128, 129, 135, 198, 277, 290, 308, 316

of the single vehicle 34, 36, 37 of tranquility, tranquil character of 10, 17, 43

treasure house(s) of 18, 61, 62, 143, 151, 153, 155, 176

ultimate, universal 28, 29, 35, 270 wheel 3, 42, 50, 51, 54, 101, 107, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 133, 134, 189, 207, 233, 235, 273, 316

word(s) of 47, 50, 260 Dharma (kiṃnaraking) 4 Dharma body 184, 262

Dharmadhara 4

Dharma gaganābhyudgatarāja 153 Dharma King (see alsoKing of the Dharma) 93, 104

Dharmamati 13

Dharmaprabhāsa 140, 143 Dharmarakṣa xiii

dharmas 10, 18, 20, 23, 37, 40, 43, 121, 181, 183, 194, 196, 197, 233, 264, 285, 294, 306

Dhṛtarāṣṭra 304

Dhṛti pari pūrṇa (see alsoPadmavṛṣabha vi krama) 52 dhyāna (see alsomeditation; perfections) 38, 237, 241, 243, 307 diligence (see alsoeffort; vīrya) 38, 291 Dīpaṃkara 15, 19, 20, 224 E

Earth Mountain 284

effort(s) (see alsodiligence; vīrya) 19, 84, 138, 147, 153, 161, 238, 241, 311, 314 perfection of 237, 241, 307 emptiness 49, 79, 91, 97, 102, 130, 140, 162, 164, 182, 194

enlightenment 12, 25, 30, 31, 79, 100, 107, 145, 183, 184, 280 highest, complete 3, 13, 15, 32, 47, 52, 54, 55, 56, 59, 79, 109, 114, 115, 117, 126, 128, 129, 130, 136, 139, 140, 144, 147, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 161, 162, 179, 181, 183, 184, 185, 187, 188, 201, 206, 216, 217, 218, 223, 224, 233, 234, 236, 237, 241, 265, 267, 268, 273, 277, 282, 283, 284, 302, 309, 311, 315, 316

path(s) to 60, 183, 268 terrace of 12, 24, 27, 40, 42, 49, 70, 114, 115, 118, 120, 122, 124, 132, 155, 207, 217, 223, 239, 241, 244, 273, 274, 287, 316

thought of 129, 153, 162, 181, 183, 185, 198, 214, 218, 219, 221, 236, 237, 284, 302, 309, 311, 315 F

five aggregates 54, 203 Four Noble Truths 265

13, 54, 71, 127, 134,

G

Gadgadasvara 289-94

gandharva(s) 4, 14, 16, 27, 54, 118, 120, 122, 124, 157, 162, 167, 252, 259, 271, 279, 293, 298, 304, 313 four kings of 4

332

Ganges River 7, 11, 17, 19, 25, 28, 41, 75, 93, 94, 108, 111, 127, 129, 130, 134, 135, 140, 151, 152, 165, 169, 171, 173, 174, 176, 181, 205, 209, 210, 212, 213, 233, 236, 265, 279, 280, 286, 289, 292, 293, 297, 303, 304, 311, 317 garuḍa(s) 4, 14, 54, 157, 167, 252, 259, 271, 279, 293, 298, 313 four kings of 4

Gavāṃ pati 3

Gayā 217, 219, 223

Gayā kāśyapa 3, 144

Ghoṣamati 13

Gilgit xiv

Giver of Fearlessness. SeeAbhayaṃ dada giving (see alsodāna) 17, 38, 243, 246, 284

perfection of 237, 241, 307 good conduct (see alsointegrity; śīla) 77, 125, 177, 238, 243

perfection of 237, 241, 307 Gṛdhrakūṭa (see alsoMount Gṛdhra kūṭa) 3

Great Benefactor (see alsoBuddha) 93 Great Hero (see alsoBuddha) 105, 106, 211

Great Sage (see alsoBuddha) 16, 37, 120, 121, 125, 172

Great Seer (see alsoBuddha) 27, 99 Great Teacher (see alsoBuddha) 118 H

Hārītī 305

heaven(s) (see alsoĀbhāsvara Heaven; Akaniṣṭha Heaven; Śubha kṛtsna Heaven; Trāyastriṃśa Heaven; Tuṣita Heaven) 59, 255, 283

heavenly 11, 16, 54, 115, 117, 118, 120, 122, 124, 132, 133, 140, 158, 159, 167, 170, 171, 172, 229, 234, 236, 242, 243, 247, 250, 258, 259, 262, 291, 310, 315

Index

Heir of the Buddhas. SeeMañjuśrī hell(s) (see alsoAvīci Hell) 9, 59, 74, 76, 108, 125, 170, 181, 252, 253 lowest 5, 251, 252, 254, 261 hell-dweller(s) 262, 279, 293, 301 householder(s) 65, 80, 83, 89, 190, 202, 260, 293, 298

household life 13, 16, 50, 53, 115, 128, 135, 224, 309, 310, 311 Hubbard, James xv

hungry ghost(s) 59, 64, 65, 108, 170, 181, 252, 253, 262, 279, 293, 301, 304, 305

Hurvitz, Leon xiv

I

Immeasurable Meanings 4, 13, 16 Indian Buddhism: A Survey with Bibliographical Notes(Nakamura) xiv Indian subcontinent xiv Indra dhvaja 130

integrity (see also good conduct; śīla) 9, 13, 16, 38, 52, 93, 104, 106, 110, 128, 129, 139, 140, 218, 312 International Academy of Indian Culture xiv

International Department of the Reiyukai xv

International Institute for Buddhist Studies xv

Īśvara 4, 261, 293, 297 J

Jains 193

Jaladharagar jita ghoṣa susvarana kṣatra rājasaṃkusumitābhijña 307, 308, 309, 310, 311

Jambudvīpa 246, 265, 286, 314, 315 Jāmbūna dā bhāsa 108, 109 Jambūnāda gold 240, 290 jātiflowers 254, 255

333

Index

jīvakajīvakabirds 253 Jñānākara 115

Jyotiṣprabha 4

K

Kabutogi, Shōkō xiii kalaviṅkabirds 120, 253 Kālodāyin 144

kalpa(s) 18, 25, 32, 36, 44, 52, 53, 70, 73, 76, 78, 93, 94, 103, 106, 110, 113, 114, 121, 122, 123, 128, 129, 132, 134, 135, 141, 143, 145, 146, 151, 155, 158, 159, 160, 175, 179, 180, 200, 207, 213, 218, 224, 229, 233, 237, 238, 249, 265, 267, 268, 270, 279, 292, 297, 307, 311 Abhyudgatarāja 311 auspicious 140

decadent 32

immeasurable, incalculable, inconceivable, innumerable 12, 15, 24, 25, 37, 45, 51, 53, 73, 75, 93, 95, 104, 110, 113, 114, 115, 125, 126, 140, 141, 144, 152, 164, 172, 179, 181, 183, 184, 188, 216, 218, 220, 223, 224, 225, 227, 228, 229, 230, 238, 239, 240, 242, 265, 272, 273, 277, 279, 299, 307, 310 intermediate 14, 15, 18, 19, 52, 53, 54, 103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 110, 111, 114, 115, 116, 133, 181, 210 Mahāratnaprati maṇḍita 52 Mahārūpa 113

Mahāvyūha 103

Manojñaśabdābhigarjita 151-52 Prabhūratna 53

Priyadarśana 292, 307 Ratiprapūrṇa 110 Ratnāvabhāsa 106, 141, 143 Vinirbhoga 265

Kamala dala vimala nakṣa trarā ja saṃ kusu mitābhijña 289-92, 294 334

Kapphiṇa 3, 144 karma 16, 33, 158 Kāśyapa (see alsoMahākāśyapa) 95, 97, 102, 103, 146

Kātyāyana (see alsoMahākātyāyana) 109 Kauṇḍinya (see alsoĀjñāta kauṇ ḍinya) 144

Kawabata, S. xv Keśinī 305

Kharaskandha 4

Khotan xiv

kiṃnara(s) 4, 14, 16, 54, 118, 120, 122, 124, 157, 167, 252, 259, 271, 279, 293, 298, 313

four kings of 4 King(s) of the Dharma (see alsoDharma King) 8, 19, 28, 45, 85, 94, 97, 105, 203, 285, 308

King of Sutras (see also Lotus Sutra) 163, 284, 285

kovidāratrees 255 kṛtya 304, 305, 314 kṣānti(see alsoperfections; perseverance) 17, 38, 237, 241, 243, 307 kṣatriyas 80, 83, 89 Kucha xiii

Kumārajīva xiii, xiv kumbhāṇḍa(s) 63, 64, 65, 66, 286, 304, 314

Kuntī 305, 306

Kūṭadantī 305

L

Lambā 305

lay Buddhist(s), laypeople 190, 201, 203 layman, laymen 4, 5, 14, 26, 30, 32, 54, 157, 162, 164, 193, 198, 200, 202, 245, 259, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 271, 273, 293, 298, 314 laywoman, laywomen 4, 5, 14, 26, 30, 32, 54, 157, 162, 164, 193, 195, 198,

200, 202, 245, 259, 265, 266, 267, 269, 271, 293, 298, 314

liberation(s) 23, 24, 26, 27, 49, 60, 61, 70, 72, 96, 97, 99, 116, 187, 203, 204 eight 107, 127, 141, 143, 246, 249 Lion of the Śākyas (see alsoBuddha; Śākyamuni) 20

lion seat(s) 67, 80, 81, 87, 115, 118, 120, 122, 124, 170, 171, 172, 173, 205, 207, 210, 215, 234, 271, 272, 278, 316 lion's roar 174, 189, 239 Lord of the Dharma (see alsoBuddha) 72 lotus blossom, flower(s) 173, 182, 185, 219, 250, 254, 285, 286, 29, 291, 294, 313

Lotus Sutra xiii-xv, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 51, 72, 78, 128, 129, 135, 136, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 167, 168, 171, 172, 176, 179, 181, 183, 187, 189, 193, 197, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 209, 241, 246, 247, 249, 250, 251, 254, 256, 261, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 270, 272, 277, 280, 281, 284, 285, 290, 292, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 310, 311, 313, 314, 315, 316

Central Asian rescension xiv Chinese version xiii, xv

Kashgar manuscript xiv

Kasuga Edition xiii

Sanskrit version xiii, xiv, xv Taishō Edition xiii

Tibetan version xiv

M

Madhura 4

Madhurasvara 4

Mahābhijñājñānābhibhū 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 124, 126, 129, 132

Mahādharma 4

Index

Mahākāśyapa (see also Kāśyapa) 3, 79, 85, 95, 103, 144

Mahā kātyā yana (see alsoKātyā yana) 3, 79, 105, 108

Mahā kauṣṭhila 3

Mahākāya 4

Mahā maudgalyāyana 3, 79, 105, 109, 110 Mahānirdeśa. See Immeasurable Meanings Mahā prajāpatī Gautamī 3, 187, 188 Mahāpratibhāna 168, 169, 187 Mahāpūrṇa 4

Mahāratnaprati maṇḍita kalpa 52 Maharddhiprāpta 4

Mahārūpa kalpa 113

Mahāsaṃbhavā 265

mahāsattva(s) 3, 5, 61, 157, 168, 189, 193, 194, 200, 201, 202, 209, 210, 212, 215, 216, 233, 234, 268, 271, 272, 277, 278, 279

Mahāsthāmaprāpta 3, 265, 266, 267, 268 Mahā tejas 4

Mahāvikramin 3

Mahāvyūha kalpa 103

Mahayana 13, 34, 35, 47, 48, 61, 62, 84, 85, 99, 135, 143, 179, 182, 184, 198 sutra(s) 4, 13, 14, 15, 16, 34, 51, 77, 104, 128, 135, 272

Maheśvara 4, 42, 267, 293, 297 mahoraga(s) 4, 14, 54, 118, 120, 122, 124, 157, 167, 252, 259, 271, 279, 293, 298, 313

Maitrāyaṇī 139

Maitreya (see alsoAjita) 3, 15, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 212, 215, 216, 217, 219, 223, 224, 233, 234, 237, 245, 246, 315 Makuṭadantī 305

Mālādhāri 305

mallikāflowers 254

Manasvin 4

māndāravaflower(s) 4, 6, 14, 16, 54, 167, 169, 229, 234, 236, 255, 257, 280 335

Index

maṇi. See wish-fulfilling gem mañjūṣakaflower(s) 4, 6, 14, 255, 257 Mañjuśrī 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 182, 183, 193, 194, 197, 200, 201, 202, 203, 271, 289, 290, 291, 292, 294 Mano'bhirāma 110, 111

Manojña 4

Manojñaśabdābhigarjita kalpa 151-52 Manojñasvara 4

manuṣyakṛtya 305

māra(s) 14, 93, 202, 203, 204, 286, 291 Māra 9, 50, 103, 114, 184, 203, 261, 286, 287, 314, 316

mark(s) 194, 247, 299

of a buddha, Buddha 35, 38, 206, 289 of false views 142

of merit(s) 38, 263

of nirvana 147

of quiescence 37

thirty-two 48, 49, 107, 138, 141, 144, 181, 184, 185, 209, 315

of the triple world 225

of truth 162, 262

Mati 13

medicine 10, 75, 93, 199, 226, 227, 240, 285, 297

Medicine King. SeeBhaiṣa jyarāja meditation(s) (see alsodhyāna) 23, 27, 35, 38, 60, 61, 70, 100, 102, 128, 130, 135, 171, 197, 220, 238, 241, 243, 258, 267, 286

caves 240, 242

deep, profound 8, 119, 127, 183, 246 perfection of 237, 238, 241, 307 pleasure in 119, 141, 144, 194 Meghadundubhisvararāja 292 Megha svaradīpa 130

Meghasvara rāja 130, 267 merit(s) 7, 36, 38, 39, 41, 55, 65, 95, 96, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 141, 154, 160, 183, 202, 336

203, 207, 225, 230, 233, 237, 238, 239, 241, 242, 243, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 263, 265, 267, 269, 273, 275, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 290, 291, 292, 296, 297, 302, 303, 306, 307, 309, 311, 312, 315, 316 roots of 13, 15, 36, 52, 94, 147, 161, 187, 211, 218, 225, 226, 237, 267, 289, 290, 292, 294, 296, 311, 312, 313, 315

Meru kalpa 130

Merukūṭa 129

Miao fa lian hua jing. See Lotus Sutra monk(s) 3, 4, 5, 8, 14, 17, 19, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32, 43, 52, 54, 72, 77, 103, 106, 107, 108, 109, 113, 114, 115, 117, 119, 122, 129, 130, 131, 132, 139, 140, 141, 144, 145, 147, 157, 162, 164, 168, 180, 181, 189, 190, 191, 193, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202, 205, 225, 240, 241, 242, 243, 245, 252, 253, 258, 259, 265, 266, 267, 271, 272, 293, 298, 310, 314 Mount Cakravāḍa 170, 251, 256, 261, 262, 284

Mount Diamond 300

Mount Gṛdhrakūṭa 171, 182, 228, 229, 240, 290, 291, 313

Mount Mahācakravāḍa 170, 261, 284 Mount Mahāmeru 261, 262

Mount Mahāmucilinda 170

Mount Meru 251, 261, 262 Mount Mucilinda 170

Mount Oxhead 93, 242, 286 Mount Sumeru (see alsoSumeru) 118, 120, 122, 124, 170, 175, 197, 280, 281, 283, 284

N

Nadī kāśyapa 3, 144

nāga(s) 4, 5, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 27, 28,

49, 54, 162, 167, 173, 184, 185, 205, 252, 259, 260, 263, 268, 271, 279, 283, 286, 293, 298, 299, 313, 317 king(s) 4, 118, 120, 122, 124, 132, 157, 165, 182, 183, 184, 185 Nakamura, Hajime xiv

Nakṣatrarājasaṃkusumitābhijña 279, 284, 285, 286, 287, 290

Nanda 3, 4

Nara xiii

Nārāyaṇa 291

Narendrasiṃhā 6

navamā likātrees 285

Nepal xiv

Never Despising. SeeSadā pari bhūta New Delhi xiv

nirvana (see alsopari nirvāṇa) 7, 13, 18, 19, 26, 27, 33, 37, 42, 44, 49, 51, 55, 60, 61, 71, 72, 79, 84, 91, 96, 99, 100, 102, 113, 131, 132, 138, 147, 149, 156, 173, 175, 176, 177, 195, 203, 207, 228, 230, 248, 265, 270, 273, 274, 275

complete 32, 97, 146, 147 marks of 147

path to 119, 126

without residue 14, 15, 39, 49 with residue 91

Nityapari nirvṛta 130

Nityodyukta 3

Noble Lion(s) (see alsoBuddha) 44, 141 Noble Lord (see alsoBuddha) 18, 60, 61 Noble One(s) (see alsoBuddha) 19 non-returner (see also anāgāmin) 246 nun(s) 3, 4, 5, 14, 19, 26, 27, 30, 32, 54, 157, 162, 164, 187, 188, 189, 193, 195, 198, 200, 202, 245, 252, 253, 259, 265, 266, 267, 268, 271, 293, 298, 314 O

omāraka 305

Index

omniscience (see alsoall-knowledge) 31, 32, 95, 96, 97, 138, 143, 147, 159, 198, 200, 203, 235, 238, 239, 241 Omniscient One (see alsoBuddha) 61, 77 once-returner (see alsosakṛdā gāmin) 246 P

Padmaprabha 51, 52, 53, 54 Padmaśrī 292, 293, 294, 312 Padmavṛṣabhavikrama 52

pāracitrakatrees 255

pāramitās. Seeperfection(s) parinirvāṇa(see alsonirvana) 5, 11, 20, 32, 37, 38, 40, 50, 52, 53, 71, 73, 108, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 130, 131, 135, 136, 141, 145, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162, 164, 168, 172, 174, 181, 187, 189, 197, 199, 202, 205, 209, 219, 224, 225, 227, 229, 234, 240, 241, 242, 245, 262, 265, 268, 271, 272, 273, 274, 282, 285, 286, 291, 292, 293, 313, 315, 316 pāṭalaflowers 254, 285

path(s) 5, 19, 20, 21, 27, 28, 37, 41, 42, 50, 51, 91, 92, 96, 101, 115, 117, 119, 121, 126, 134, 141, 142, 168, 181, 185, 200, 201, 207, 211, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 224, 228, 230, 239, 240, 242, 268, 294

of arhats 147

of birth and death 41

bodhisattva 5, 51, 53, 102, 106, 108, 111, 135, 140, 161, 165, 168, 183, 188, 200, 218, 219, 220, 225, 266, 307, 309

buddha, of the buddha(s), Buddha 7, 8, 9, 15, 17, 30, 31, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 46, 51, 53, 55, 70, 77, 78, 92, 93, 100, 102, 110, 111, 116, 126, 130, 132, 133, 135, 136, 141, 152, 153, 154, 157, 159, 160, 161, 176, 177, 184, 188, 195, 198, 199, 200, 337

Index

path(s) (continued)

buddha, of the buddhas, Buddha (continued) 204, 205, 206, 212, 214, 217, 218, 219, 220, 224, 228, 235, 237, 248, 269, 270, 273, 275, 287, 310 to the cessation, extinction of suffering 71, 116, 127

to the Dharma 40, 41, 96 to enlightenment 60, 183, 268 great 19, 20, 107, 206, 216 highest 8, 10, 17, 19, 35, 39, 44, 48, 51, 53, 72, 90, 145, 154, 177, 181, 184, 191, 199, 207, 231, 238 mundane 69

to nirvana 119, 126

profound 33, 34

pure, of discipline and integrity 7, 13, 16, 52, 93, 104, 106, 128, 129, 139, 140, 218

real, true 50, 190

of Samantabhadra 317

single, of the single vehicle 37, 45, 46, 94

perfection(s) 53, 128, 142, 184, 237 of effort (see also vīrya) 237, 241, 307 of giving (see also dāna) 237, 241, 307 of good conduct (see also śīla) 237, 241, 307

of meditation (see also dhyāna) 237, 238, 241, 307

of perseverance (see also kṣānti) 237, 241, 307

six 13, 17, 20, 38, 135, 179, 181, 182, 265

of skillful means 59, 307 of wisdom (see also prajñā) 237, 241, 307

perseverance (see alsokṣānti) 9, 17, 38, 162, 164, 187, 193, 199, 212, 213, 215, 238, 243, 280, 281 perfection of 237, 241, 307 338

Petrovsky, N. F. xiv

Pilinda vatsa 3

piśāca(s) 65, 260, 314 Prabhūtaratna 168, 169, 171, 172, 173, 174, 182, 210, 234, 272, 274, 278, 287, 291-92, 294, 299 Prabhūtaratna kalpa 53 Pradānaśūra 3, 290, 294, 304 prajñā(see alsowisdom) 38, 237, 241, 307

Prajñākūṭa 182, 183, 184, 185 pratyekabuddha(s) 7, 13, 23, 25, 26, 27, 32, 70, 72, 100, 101, 129, 141, 181, 224, 237, 252, 255, 260, 261, 284, 285, 286, 293, 297

vehicle 26, 60, 61, 57, 200, 265 preta. Seehungry ghost Prince of the Dharma. SeeMañjuśrī Priyadarśana kalpa 292, 307 pure land, Pure Land 144, 159, 229 Pūrṇa 139, 140, 142, 144 Pūrṇacandra 3

Pūr ṇa maitrā yaṇī putra 3 Puṣpadantī 305

pūtana 304, 305, 314

Q

quality(ies) 36, 144, 165, 199, 224, 225, 251, 254, 273, 286, 298, 302, 312 bad 83

of the Bhagavat, Buddha, buddhas, Tathā gata 40, 146, 147, 226, 302, 328

eighteen excellent 48, 181 eight hundred, of the body 251, 261 eight hundred, of the eye 251 eight hundred, of the nose 251, 254 good 200, 241

twelve hundred, of the ear 251, 252 twelve hundred, of the mind 251, 262 twelve hundred, of the tongue 251, 259

Index

quiescence, quiescent 37, 91 R

Raeside, James xv Rahu 4

Rāhula 3, 151, 153, 154, 188 Rājagṛha 3

rākṣasas 165, 260, 263, 295, 300, 304, 305, 314

rākṣasīs 305, 306 Raśmiprabhāsa 103, 105 Raśmiśatasahasraparipūrṇadhvaja 188 Ratimati 13

Ratiprapūrṇa kalpa 110 Ratnacandra 3

Ratnākara 3

Ratnaketurāja 155 Rat na pāni 3

Ratnaprabha 4

Ratnasaṃbhava 106 Ratna tejo'bhyudgatarāja 313 Ratnāvabhāsa kalpa 106, 141, 143 Ratnaviśuddha 168 relic(s) 5, 11, 19, 38, 54, 78, 109, 161, 181, 228, 240, 242, 282, 283 renunciants 201, 203 renunciation 128, 311 Revata 3, 144

root(s) 3, 95, 98 of bad merit 187 of error 30, 32 good, of good merit 13, 15, 36, 52, 77, 94, 147, 161, 187, 211, 218, 225, 226, 237, 267, 289, 290, 292, 294, 296, 311, 312, 313, 315 S

Sadāparibhūta 265-70 Saddharmapuṇḍarīka(see also Lotus Sutra) xiii, 14 Sāgara 4, 182, 183 Sāgara dhara buddhi vikrīḍi tarā jā bhijña 151, 152, 154

sahāworld 130, 169, 170, 172, 185, 187, 209, 216, 217, 224, 240, 271, 272, 279, 280, 289, 290, 291, 293, 294, 297, 298, 299, 313 lord of (see alsoBrahma) 4 Sakamoto, Yukio xiv Śakra 4, 42, 54, 100, 184, 236, 247, 250, 255, 259, 284, 292, 297 sakṛdāgāmin (see alsoonce-returner) 246, 284

Śākya clan, Śākyas 20, 105, 217, 219, 223, 239

Śākyamuni 43, 130, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 182, 183, 209, 210, 214, 215, 223, 234, 271, 272, 277, 278, 286, 287, 289, 290, 291, 292, 294, 299, 304, 313, 315, 316 Śālendrarāja 310 samādhi(s) 5, 14, 17, 18, 23, 24, 27, 129, 218, 241, 280, 289, 290, 291, 294, 307, 314

"abode of immeasurable meanings" 4, 14, 16

alaṃkāra śubha 307 anilambha 289

apkṛtsna 289

bodhisattva 307 dhvajā grakeyūra 289 jñānamudrā 289

jñānolkā 289

mahātejogarbha 307 nakṣatrarājā ditya 307 nakṣa tra rā ja vikrīḍita 289 prasādavatī 289 ṛddhi vikrīḍita 289 saddharmapuṇḍarīka 289, 294, 310 sarvabuddhasaṃgīti 310 sarvaguṇālaṃkāravyūha 311 sarva puṇyasamuccaya 289 339

Index

samādhi(s) (continued) sarvarūpasaṃdarśana 280, 281, 283, 294

sarva rutakauśalya 289 sarvasattva pāpa jahana 310 sūryāvarta 289

vimala 307

vimalabhāsa 307

vimala datta 289 vimalagarbha 289 vimalanirbhāsa 307 vimalaprabhāsa 289 vimalarūpa 307

vyū harāja 289

Samantabhadra 313-17 Samantagandha 4

Samantaprabha 144, 145 sandalwood 6, 10, 38, 93, 167, 234, 236, 237, 240, 242, 254, 255, 256, 280, 281, 282, 286

sangha 79, 143, 199, 228, 240, 241, 305 Sangha. SeeBuddha, Dharma, and Sangha Sanskrit xiii, xiv, xv Saptaratnapadmavikrama 153, 154 Śāri putra 3, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 68, 70, 72, 73, 76, 77, 78, 79, 184, 185, 278, 317 śarīras. Seerelics sarva jñātā. See all-knowledge; omniscience Sarva loka bha ya ccham bhi tatva vidhvaṃ sanakara 130 Sarvaloka dhātū padra vodvega pratyuttīrṇa 130

Sarvarūpasaṃdarśana 188, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284

Sarvarūpasaṃdarśana world 292 Sarvasattvatrātar 118 Sarvasattvojohārī 305 340

Satata sa mitā bhiyukta 251, 252, 254, 259, 261, 262

Semblance Dharma 52, 54, 103, 105, 106, 108, 110, 111, 145, 146, 152, 154, 155, 265, 266 scripture(s) (see alsosutra) 195 heretical 78, 316 twelvefold 176

Scripture of the Lotus Blossom of the Fine Dharma, The(Hurvitz) xiv Scripture of the White Lotus of the Marvelous Law. See Lotus Sutra sense(s)

faculties, six 251, 269 fields, six 127

five 36, 41, 59, 73, 85, 131, 147, 148, 180, 195, 207, 225, 230, 255, 258, 291

seven treasures 5, 38, 53, 58, 108, 109, 110, 140, 141, 143, 179, 242, 246, 259-60, 279, 284 Shopen, Gregory xv Śikhin 4, 124

śīla(see alsogood conduct; integrity) 38, 237, 241, 243, 307 Siṃhacandrā 268

Siṃhadhvaja 129

Siṃhaghoṣa 129

six states of existence, six transmigratory states 5, 6, 36, 41, 245, 246, 262, 263 skanda 305

skillful means 23, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 37, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 48, 50, 51, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 66, 69, 70, 71, 82, 84, 88, 92, 95, 101, 102, 130, 131, 132, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 147, 153, 162, 173, 191, 198, 201, 204, 224, 225, 227, 228, 230, 248, 297, 301, 310 perfection of 59, 307 śrāmaṇa(s) 14, 51, 123, 127, 291, 309

śrāmaṇera(s) 128, 129, 130, 135, 194 sixteen 128, 129, 136

śrāvaka(s) 17, 23, 26, 28, 34, 45, 51, 60, 70, 72, 79, 85, 93, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 114, 127, 128, 129, 130, 140, 141, 142, 143, 146, 151, 153, 155, 162, 163, 171, 182, 185, 188, 198, 224, 237, 240, 241, 252, 255, 260, 261, 262, 278, 279, 280, 283, 284, 285, 286, 293, 297, 31, 317 great 279, 282, 283

stage 130, 136, 246

vehicle 13, 60, 90, 157, 193, 200, 265 Śrīgarbha 14, 15, 19

srota-āpanna(s) (see alsostream-winner) 246, 284

stage(s) 100, 132, 246, 264 of the arhat 246

of the Bhagavat 100

of noncorruption 90, 264 of nonretrogression 25, 70, 72, 181, 183, 185, 189, 217, 221, 224, 234 of omniscience 95

of perseverance 193

of purity 177

of self-control 238

of a śrāvaka 130, 136, 246 stream-winner (see alsosrota-āpanna) 246

stupa(s) 5, 11, 19, 38, 39, 108, 109, 110, 141, 161, 167, 168, 171, 172, 191, 240, 241, 242, 244, 282, 283, 284, 294, 299

jeweled, seven-jeweled, of the seven treasures 11, 108, 109, 110, 141, 161, 167, 168, 169, 171, 172, 174, 181, 210, 214, 240, 272, 287, 292 Śubhakṛtsna Heaven 253, 258 Śubha vyūha, King 307, 310-312 Subhūti 3, 79, 105, 106, 107 Sudharma 4, 122

Index

Sudharmā Hall 255

Sugatacetanā 268

Sukhāvatī 285

sumanasflowers 243, 254, 255, 285, 306 Sumati 13

Sumeru (see alsoMount Sumeru) 300 Sundarananda 3

Supratiṣṭhitacāritra 210 Susaṃbhavā 113

Susātha vāha 3

sutra(s) (see alsoscripture) xiv, 4, 6, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 20, 32, 33, 34, 72, 73, 74, 76, 78, 85, 128, 129, 130, 131, 135, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 168, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 182, 183, 187, 189, 190, 191, 193, 194, 197, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 209, 211, 213, 214, 216, 220, 224, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 245, 247, 248, 249, 250, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 258, 259, 261, 262, 263, 264, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 284, 285, 286, 287, 292, 293, 303, 304, 306, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317

Mahayana 4, 13, 14, 15, 16, 34, 51, 77, 104, 128, 135, 272

Suviśuddha 141, 143

Svāgata 144

T

tagaratrees, wood 254, 255 Takṣaka 4

tālatrees 240, 242, 282, 291, 308, 311 tamālaleaves, tree 167, 254, 255 Tamālapatracandanagandha 110, 111 Tamāla patracandanagandhābhijña 130 Tathāgata(s) (see alsoBuddha Tathāgata) 13, 14, 15, 17, 23, 30, 31, 35, 40, 44, 47, 51, 52, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 69, 84, 95, 96, 97, 99, 103, 106, 108, 110, 113, 114, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 139, 140, 341

Index

Tathāgata(s) (continued) 143, 144, 146, 151, 152, 153, 155, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162, 163, 164, 168, 171, 172, 181, 187, 188, 189, 197, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 211, 212, 215, 217, 223, 224, 225, 226, 233, 236, 239, 240, 241, 245, 262, 265, 268, 271, 272, 274, 277, 280, 281, 284, 285, 286, 289, 290, 292, 307, 312, 313, 315, 316 Thiel, Kiko xv

Three Treasures (see alsoBuddha, Dharma, and Sangha) 229 three worlds, triple world 7, 59, 60, 61, 69, 71, 79, 91, 102, 125, 202, 203, 225, 283

Tibet, Tibetan xiii, xiv Toda, Hirofumi xiv

Tokushima University xiv Torii, T. xv

Tōshōdaiji xiii

Trai lokya vikrama 3

tranquil, tranquility 8, 9, 10, 17, 23, 41, 43, 47, 50, 61, 69, 97, 116, 128, 164, 190, 193, 229, 238, 245 transcendent power(s) 8, 11, 17, 52, 53, 59, 79, 94, 101, 102, 104, 135, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 155, 168, 172, 173, 181, 184, 202, 210, 212, 214, 218, 219, 223, 228, 229, 267, 268, 269, 271, 272, 273, 277, 280, 285, 286, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 299, 301, 302, 307, 308, 313, 314, 315 six 70, 100, 107, 111, 127, 141, 176, 190, 249

Trāyastriṃśa Heaven 333 treasure(s) 58, 60, 66, 67, 68, 79, 80, 81, 83, 85, 131, 132, 137, 147, 148, 169, 183, 202, 204, 240, 246, 247, 250, 257, 284, 285, 295, 296 342

treasured lore, teaching 4, 13, 14, 51, 90, 128, 167, 272

treasure house(s), treasury(ies) 18, 19, 61, 62, 84, 86, 91, 143, 151, 153, 155, 161, 162, 176, 203, 204, 256, 272, 310 True Dharma 7, 12, 13, 30, 36, 46, 51, 52, 53, 54, 103, 105, 106, 108, 110, 111, 138, 139, 143, 145, 146, 152, 154, 155, 180, 181, 182, 185, 248, 262, 265, 266, 268

Tuṣita Heaven 315

U

Udāyin 144

uḍumbaraflower(s) 30, 45, 123, 309 universal monarch 184 Upananda 4

upāya. Seeskillful means ūrṇā 289

Uruvilvakāśyapa 3, 144 uṣṇīṣa 289

utpalaflowers 306

Utpalaka 4

V

Vaidehī 4

Vairocanaraśmiprati maṇḍitā 289, 307 Vairocanaraśmipratimaṇḍitā dhvaja rāja 312

Vaiśravaṇa 293, 297, 304 Vajrapāṇi 298

Vārāṇasī 43, 54

Varaprabha 14, 15, 18, 19, 20 vārṣikatrees 285, 306 Vāsukin 4

vehicle(s) 7, 32, 35, 61, 70, 102, 130, 131, 247, 250

buddha 31, 32, 41, 42, 62, 130, 138 inferior 35, 47, 90, 105, 195, 198, 211 pratyekabuddha 26, 60, 61, 70, 131, 132, 157, 200, 265

single 31, 32, 34, 37, 40, 45, 46, 62, 70, 85, 131, 132, 138, 183, 275 śrāvaka 13, 60, 90, 157, 193, 200, 265 three 21, 26, 32, 37, 42, 43, 51, 60, 62, 69, 138

Vemacitra 4

vetāla(s) 305, 314

view(s) 32

false, wrong 36, 41, 49, 5, 72, 73, 76, 100, 125, 142, 190, 225, 291, 308, 311, 312

right 100, 311

Vilambā 305

Vimaladatta, King 281

Vimaladatta, Queen 307, 310, 312 Vimalagarbha, Prince 307, 308, 310 Vimala netra, Prince 307, 308, 310 Vimalāṅganetra 15, 19

vimalāworld 185

Vimatisamudghātin 13

Vinirbhoga kalpa 265

Viraja 51, 53

vīrya(see alsodiligence; effort) 38, 237, 241, 307

Vīryabalavegaprāpta 294

Viśeṣa mati 13

Viśiṣṭacāritra 210, 272, 278, 290 Vistīrṇavatī 311

Viśuddha cāritra 210

Vyūharāja 290

W

White Lotus of the Marvelous Law. See Lotus Sutra

wisdom(s) (see alsoprajñā) 9, 23, 28, 35, 38, 41, 42, 56, 60, 61, 69, 102, 117, 125, 128, 129, 139, 159, 167, 204, 205, 206, 212, 217, 230, 243, 286, 293, 296, 301, 307

of the buddha(s), Buddha, Tathāgata(s) 3, 8, 11, 16, 23, 25, 27, 30, 31, 34, Index

35, 40, 44, 47, 52, 59, 60, 61, 70, 71, 84, 91, 95, 97, 101, 104, 105, 109, 111, 113, 114, 128, 129, 130, 132, 135, 136, 138, 146, 147, 163, 207, 211, 215, 216, 237, 239, 265, 277, 285, 290, 312

deep, profound 136, 211, 216, 283, 289 eye of 135

fourfold unobstructed, unobstructed, without obstruction 114, 140, 141, 42, 143, 216

highest, ultimate, utmost xiii, 7, 104, 105, 117, 135, 142, 149, 155, 216, 239, 281

false 189

great 3, 55, 92, 182, 214, 293 immeasurable 23, 47, 59, 61, 62, 134, 147, 206

keen 25, 241, 247

little 33, 43, 44, 76, 146 perfection of 59, 237, 241, 307 power of 59, 117, 202, 214, 219, 230, 286, 294, 301

subtle 11, 25, 27

true, uncorrupted 51, 263 universal 52, 125

wish-fulfilling gems 234 Wonderful Voice. SeeGadgadasvara world(s) xiv, 3, 5, 6, 7, 1, 12, 24, 28, 29, 30, 31, 35, 36, 37, 40, 41, 45, 52, 53, 55, 59, 69, 70, 72, 73, 84, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 113, 114, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126, 127, 131, 133, 139, 140, 145, 151, 152, 154, 155, 158, 159, 162, 167, 168, 170, 174, 175, 179, 180, 181, 183, 190, 197, 203, 204, 216, 218, 220, 223, 224, 225, 229, 230, 233, 235, 245, 246, 248, 255, 261, 262, 263, 265, 271, 272, 273, 274, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 284, 286, 289, 343

Index

world(s) (continued) 290, 291, 292, 294, 301, 302, 308, 312, 316

Brahma, of Brahmas 175, 234, 236, 240, 242, 253, 255, 258, 271, 273 buddha 4, 5, 11, 14, 16, 17, 31, 34, 52, 79, 107, 117, 140, 170, 175, 271, 289, 290

defiled, of defilement, of the five defilements 32, 43, 46 eighteen thousand 5, 6, 14, 16 fearful 177

future 96, 151, 200, 201, 316 human, of humans 59, 159 sahā 4, 130, 169, 170, 172, 185, 187, 209, 216, 217, 224, 240, 271, 272, 279, 280, 289, 290, 291, 293, 294, 297, 298, 299, 313 seven-jeweled 282

of the ten directions 25, 32, 155, 168, 169, 189, 271, 272, 293, 301 three, triple 7, 59, 60, 61, 69, 71, 79, 91, 102, 125, 202, 203, 225, 283 troubled 32, 46, 51, 158, 159, 175, 187, 189, 191, 193, 194, 207, 242, 313, 314

pure, vimalā 109, 185 Sukhāvatī 285

worldly 8, 53, 69, 99, 190, 193, 210, 219, 262, 291, 316 world-protector(s) 43, 175, 320 X

Xinqiang xiii

Y

yakṣa(s) 4, 5, 14, 16, 27, 49, 54, 63, 64, 66, 157, 162, 165, 167, 252, 259, 260, 263, 271, 279, 283, 286, 293, 295, 298, 304, 305, 313, 314 yakṣakṛtya 305

Yaśaskāma 15, 20

Yaśasketu 106, 107 Yaśodharā 3, 188

Yuyama, Akira xiv

344