T1 The Canonical Book of the Buddha’s Lengthy Discourses, Vol. II

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Notes

1 Étienne Lamotte, History of Indian Buddhism from the Origins to the Śaka Era,trans. Sara Webb-Boin (Louvain-la-Neue: Institut Orientaliste, 1988), p. 272. 2 The ninefold or twelvefold categories of scriptures in which the Buddha's discourses were grouped as an aid for memorization. The Tripiṭaka categories of Sutra, Vinaya, and Abhidharma were a later development.

3 Cf. DīpavaṃsaVII, 34-43; MahāvaṃsaV, 267-282.

4 The Abhidharmamahāvibhāṣā-śāśtra;the Sanskrit original is lost, and there is no Tibetan translation of this text. There is a Chinese translation by Xuanzang, the Apidamo da pibosha lunin two hundred fascicles (Taishō 1545). Xuanzang concludes his epilogue: "Four hundred years after [the Buddha's] nirvana, King Kaniṣka called an assembly of five hundred arhats and Kāśmīri Tripiṭaka masters to discuss the analyses of Abhi dharma study. " Canonical revision was accomplished on all three divisions in chapter 3 of Xuanzang's Xi you ji (Record of the Western Regions,Taishō 2087); see Lamotte, History of Indian Buddhism,p. 586. An English translation of Xuanzang's text by Li Rongxi is published under the title The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions(Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, 1996).

5 According to Satis Chandra Vidyabhusana, in his renowned work A History of Indian Logic: Ancient, Mediaeval, and Modern Schools(Calcutta: Calcutta University Press, 1931), pp. 49-50; p. 49, n. 2, the Hindu literature, the Purāṇas and Śāstras, were compiled by the brāhmaṇaassemblies in the region of Vidarbha under the leadership of Jātūkarṇya Vyāsa. This movement was inspired by the Fourth Buddhist Council that had been held in Kāśmīra half a century earlier.

6 See Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1953), esp. Ch. 1, Introduction. 7 Chizen Akanuma, Kanpashibushi agon goshōroku (The Comparative Catalogue of Chinese Āgamas and Pāli Nikāyas) (Nagoya: Hajinkaku-shobō, 1929), pp. 3-6. 8 The missing seven texts are: DN 6, Mahalī Suttanta;DN 7, Jāliya Suttanta;DN 10, Subha Suttanta;DN 22, Mahā-Satīpaṭṭhāna Suttanta;DN 30, Lakkhaṇa Suttanta; and DN 32, Āṭānāṭiya Suttanta;and "The Sutra on Buddhist Cosmology, " not found

in the Dīgha Nikāya.

179

Notes

9 See Kaijō Ishikawa, Agon-kyō seiritsu no kenkyū (A Study on the Establishment of Āgama Sūtras(Tokyo: Gendaisha, 1982), especially the Conclusion, pp. 246-247. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Kumārajīva had been the king's counselor in his native land, Kuccha. General Lüguang destroyed the state in 383 C.E.and brought Kumārajīva as a captive to the neighboring city of Liangzhou. In 401 Kumārajīva was invited to Chang'an to serve as the religious counselor to Yaoxing.

Genmyō Ono, et al., eds., Bussho kaisetsu daijiten(The Expositional Dictionary of Buddhist Texts in the Chinese Tripi ṭaka Collection) (Tokyo: Daitō Shuppansha, 1933), Fascicle 6, pp. 45-46.

Faxianleft Chang'an with a few co-travelers in 399 and returned alone by the sea route in 413, bringing with him copies of the Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya,the Saṃyukta Āgama, and the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra,among other texts.

The section of doctrinal commentaries: vols. 33-39; the section of Vinaya commentaries, vol. 40; the section of treatise commentaries, partially sectarian: vols. 41-44; the section of Chinese and Japanese sectarian schools, vols. 45-48; the section of historical traditions, vols. 49-52; the section of incidental and non-Buddhist texts, vols. 53-54 (which comprises both); and the section of textual catalogues, vol. 55. T. W. and C. A. F. Rhys Davids, The Dialogues of the Buddha, 3 vols. (London: Pali Text Society, 1899, 1910, 1921).

"Proper region" here means the Gangetic basin in north-central India, where Śākyamuni Buddha lived and taught.

The term "mental and physical process" (Skt. nāmarūpa) describes the functioning of the four mental aggregates (skandhas) of sensation (vedanā), perception (saṃjñā), dispositional forces (saṃskāra), and consciousness (vijñāna) and the physical aggregate of form or materiality (rūpa).

This phrase is adopted from the Pāli text; the Chinese text has "Your father's secret method.

"

The phase "the beginning of things" that occurs in this section is from the Pāli text. Śuklabhūmi is referred to as Uttarakā in the Pāli text.

Kalyāṇa-jātika is rendered as "One Who Has a Favorable Birth" in the Chinese text. The five kinds of defilement that bind sentient beings to the lower realm of desire are (1) the heretical belief in a self, (2) attachment to practices and observances other than those approved by the Buddha, (3) doubt, (4) sexual desire, and (5) malice. According to Max Weber, world religions can be grouped into four types of religion by cross-tabulating the types of asceticism, mysticism, other-worldliness, and innerworldliness. Weber put ancient Buddhism into the category of "otherworldly mysticism. " While I do not agree with the term "mysticism,

" I conditionally agree with

180

Notes

another term Weber uses, characterizing early Buddhism as a type of "otherworldly asceticism" on the grounds that Buddhism was committed to moral and religious disciplines that sought to avoid subjective desires, and to the complete dissociation of the individual self from worldly concerns for the sake of religious emancipation. See Max Weber, The Sociology of Religion(Boston: Beacon Press, 1863), p. 51; see especially T. Parson's Introduction, pp. xlvi-lii. The Ambaṭṭha Suttais one of the most important sources of Buddhist critical thought on the Brahmanical caste system. The legend narrated by the Buddha attests the theory that the system of class divisions in ancient India fundamentally evolved on the principle of endogamy (rules of marriage), and the Buddha's critical instruction is aimed at Ambaṭṭha's caste-bound self-esteem as a brāhmaṇa,highest among the four castes, in abusing the Śākyas, kinsmen of the Buddha, as being rude and uncivilized toward him. The Buddha's response is threefold: First, he made Ambaṭṭharecognize a Brahmanical legend explaining that brāhmaṇaswere descended from the family of Kanhā yana ("black-skinned"), whose mother was a brāhmaṇawoman in servitude who had been impregnated by the legendary Indo-Arian ruler Okkāka, while the Śākyas are descended directly from the four princes of that king. When they were exiled to the northeastern Himalayan region, they successfully built their colony as a Śākyan republic. Second, the Buddha directly referred to the family laws on which Ambaṭṭha claims his status, bringing him to recognize that these laws do not support his claim as being of the highest caste. Third, the Buddha let Ambaṭṭhaknow that the Śākyas renounced their status in the familial system to seek religious liberation for the goal of the unsurpassable endowment of knowledge and practice. He then questioned Ambaṭṭhaas to whether his teacher as well as himself have renounced their social status in the practice of any of the four dietary disciplines.

Śākyamuni's renunciation and eventual formation of his sangha cannot be fully understood without taking into account the tragic ordeal of Śākya society and the destruction of their state. Descriptions of Śākya society and its tragic history were, however, preserved only in the form of legendary Jātaka(biographical) stories. Just as the present chapter of the DīrghaĀgama, the official literature does not reveal the historical background of the Śākya republic, whereas the collection of Jātakas, especially Bhaddasālajātakano. 465, IV, 144-153, relates it as historical fact. Arnold Toynbee, in his theory of "historical challenge and response, " was convinced that,

just like any other world religion, the beginning of Buddhism was a deliberate configuration of social problem solutions; see Arnold Toynbee and Jane Caplan, A Study of History: The First Abridged One-Volume Edition(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1972), p. 44; Shohei Ichimura,

"Revisiting the Times of Śākyamuni Buddha,

" in

Radha vallabh Tripathi, ed., Srutimahati Glory of Sanskrit Tradition: Prof. Ram Karan Sharma Felicitation Volume,vol. 2 (Delhi: Pratibha Prakashan, 2008), and "Śākyamuni's Critical Spirituality and India's Crisis, " in Shohei Ichimura, Buddhist Critical

Spirituality: Prajñā and Śūnyatā(Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2001). 23 The family name Kaṅhāyana is given in thePāli text as "Dark. "

24 The name Okkāka (Pāli,

"Whose Voice Emits Light) is rendered as "Shengmo" in

the Chinese text and in Sanskrit as "Ikṣvāku.

"

181

Bibliography

Notes

25 26 27 28 "Śākya" in Sanskrit also means "residents of the sākatree forest. "

The five obstacles that prevent the arising of good mental elements are desire, anger, torpor and drowsiness, frivolity and mental disturbance, and doubt. In the Buddha's time it was a general custom that those who gave up their class status to seek different goals in life had a choice of one of four dietary methods or practices. When the Buddha himself renounced his Śākya clan membership, he is said to have traded his princely clothing for the clothes of a poor woodcutter outside the border of the Śākya teritory. It is likely that he himself followed strict dietary practices before his realization of enlightenment. In the narrative of the Buddha's attainment of supreme enlightenment he is said to have bathed in the Nairañjana River. It happened that a village girl saw him bathing, his body emaciated from long fasting, at the river and offered rice gruel to him. Thus refreshed, he sat under the bodhitree in the practice of austerity, seeking the final moment of realization. The Buddha initiated almsrounds for his initial five disciples when he first taught them at the Deer Park, near Benares, because it was possible for a few bhikṣus to collect enough alms to provide for a larger group, thus saving time for more individuals to engage in ascetic practice and study. The Buddha asks Ambaṭṭhaif his teacher Puṣkarasārin, who, despite having been granted a fief, had failed in his duty to counsel King Prasenajit, was engaged in the proper practice of austerity to meet the king's expectation, and he also asks Ambaṭṭha if he himself was trying to do his best in the practice of austerity in order to be worthy of respect not simply on the basis of his birth as a brāhmaṇa. See Ichimura, "Revisiting

the Times of Śākyamuni Buddha.

"

In the Pāli text the seventh name, Bhāradvāja-Vāseṭṭha, is divided into two, and Bhagu appears as the tenth name; the ninth to twelfth names, Alouna, Gautama, Shouyipo, and Suntuoluo,are not given in the Pāli text.

182

Bibliography

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Abhidharmamahāvibhāṣā-śāstra(nonextant Sanskrit original; no Tibetan translation); Apidamo dapibosha lun (T. 1545), in two hundred fascicles. Translated by Xuanzang. Chu sanzang ji ji(Collection of the Tripiṭaka Textual Records) (T. 405) by Sengyou (445-518). An expanded version of Dao'an's Zhongjing mulu. Datang Xi yu ji (T. 2087). Translated by Xuanzang. English translation in Li Rongxi, The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions(Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, 1996).

Dharmaguptaka-vinaya; Sifen lü(Vinaya in Four Divisions) (T. 1428), in sixty fascicles. Translated by Buddhayaśas and Zhu Fonian.

Dīrgha Āgama(Pāli: Dīgha Nikāya); Chang ahan jing (Canonical Collection of Lengthy Discourses)(T. 1), in twenty-two fascicles. Translated by Buddhayaśas and Zhu Fo nian. English translation in T. W. and C. A. F. Rhys Davids, The Dialogues of the Buddha,3 vols. (London: Pali Text Society, 1899, 1910, 1921). Dīpavaṃsa(Chronicle of the Island). English translation in B. C. Law, "Chronicle of

the Island of Ceylonor the Dīpavaṃsa,

" Ceylon Historical Journal7 (1958): 1-266.

Dvādaśamukha-śāstra;Shiermun lun(T. 1568), in one fascicle. Translated by Kumārajīva in 409.

Fochui ban lüeshuo jiaojie jing(T. 389), in one fascicle. Translated by Kumārajīva in 402-412.

Gaoseng faxian zhuan(Biography of Faxian) (T. 2085), in one fascicle. English translatiion in Li Rongxi, The Journey of the Eminent Monk Faxian,in Lives of Great Monks and Nuns(Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, 2002), pp. 155-214.

Gezhong qinding zhongjing mulu(Buddhist Canonical Textual Catalogues) compiled by four northern dynasties: (1) Liang in 519, (2) Northern Wei in 532; (3) Northern Qi in 570-578, and (4) Northern Chou in 563.

Jātakas (Birth Stories), e.g., Bhaddasālajātakano. 465, IV, 144-153. Kaiyuan shijiao mulu(Kaiyuan Record of Buddhist Textual Catalogues) (T. 2154). Compiled in 731. Mahāprajñāpāramitōpadeśa-śāstra;Dazhidu lun(T. 1509), in one hundred fascicles, by Nāgārjuna (ca. 50-150). Translated by Kumārajīva.

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Mahāvaṃsa(GreatChronicle). English translation in Wilhelm Geiger and Mabel Haynes Bode, The Mahāvaṃsa, Or, the Great Chronicle of Ceylon(London: Published for the Pali Text Society by Luzac & Co, 1964).

Mūlamadhyamakākarikā-śāstra;Zhong lun(T. 1564), in four fascicles. By Nāgārjuna with commentary by Piṅgala. Translated by Kumārajīva in 409. Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā-prajñāpāramitā-sutra;Mohe banruo boluomi jing (Sutra of the Perfection of Wisdom in Twenty-five Thousand Verses)(T. 221), in twenty-seven fascicles. Translated by Kumārajīva in 404. Generally known in China as the Dapin banruo jing(Larger Prajñāpāramitā Sutra) together with its voluminous commentary. Renshou zhongjing mulu(Renshou Record of Textual Catalogues), revised upon the Kaiyuan shijiao muluin 602.

Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-sūtra;Miaofa lianhuajing(Sutra of the Lotus Blossom of the Fine Dharma) (T. 262), in seven fascicles. Translated by Kumārajīva in 408-409. Commonly known as the Lotus Sutra;English translation in Tsugunari Kubo and Akira Yuyama, The Lotus Sutra(Berkeley: Numata Center For Buddhist Translation and Research, 2007, rev. second ed.)

Sui Kaihuang lidai sanbao ji(Sui Kaiyuan Record of the Threefold Buddhist Treasures of the Successive Dynasties) (T. 2034), 598.

Vimalakīrtinirdeśa-sūtra; Weimojie suoshuo jing(T. 475), in three fascicles. Translated by Kumārajīva. English translation in John R. McRae in The Sutra of Queen Srimala of the Lion

'

s Roar/The Vimalakirti Sutra(Berkeley: Numata Center For Buddhist Translation and Research, 2004), pp. 63-199.

Xiaopin banruo boluomi jing(Smaller Prajñāpāramitā-sutra) (T. 227), in ten fascicles. Translated by Kumārajīva in 406.

Zhaolun(T. 1858), by Sengzhao (374-414), comprising four essays and two epistles. Zhongjing mulu(Comprehensive Record of the Textual Catalogues) (T. 2145) by Dao'an (314-385), included in Sengyou's Chu sanzang ji. Secondary Sources

Akanuma, Chizen. Kanpashibushi agon goshōroku(Comparative Catalogue of Chinese Āgamas and Pāli Nikāyas). Nagoya: Hajinkaku shobō, 1929. Edgerton, Franklin. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary.New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1953.

Ichimura, Shohei.

"Revisiting the Times of Śākyamuni Buddha,

" in Radhavallabh Tripathi

ed., Srutimahati Glory of Sanskrit Tradition: Prof. Ram KaranSharma Felicitation Volume,vol. 2. Delhi: Pratibha Prakashan, 2008.

—

.

"Śākyamuni's Critical Spirituality and India's Crisis" and "The Chinese Mādhyamika Sengzhao's Paradoxical Method of Argument,

" in Shohei Ichimura, Buddhist Critical

Spirituality: Prajñā and Śūnyatā.Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2001. Ishikawa, Kaijō. Agon-kyō seiritsu no kenkyū(A Study on How Sutras were Assembled into the Āgama Collections). Tokyo: Gendaisha, 1982. 184

Bibliography

Lamotte, Étienne. History of Indian Buddhism from the Origins to the Śaka Era.Sara Webb-Boin, trans. Louvain-la-Neue: Institut Orientaliste, 1988. Malalasekera, G. P. Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names, 2 vols. London and Boston: Pali Text Society, 1974.

Mettanando Bhikkhu.

"After the Buddha.

" Unpublished monograph.

Ono, Gemmyō, et al., eds. Bussho kaisetsu daijiten(Expositional Dictionary of Buddhist Texts in the Chinese Tripiṭaka Collection). Tokyo: Daitō Shuppansha, 1933. Toynbee, Arnold, and Jane Caplan. A Study of History: The First Abridged One-Volume Edition.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1972.

Vidyabhusana, Satis Chandra. A History of Indian Logic: Ancient, Mediaeval, and Modern Schools.Calcutta: Calcutta University Press, 1931. Weber, Max. The Sociology of Religion.Ephraim Fischoff, trans. Boston: Beacon Press, 1863. See especially the Introduction by Talcott Parsons, pp. xlvi-lii. 185

Index

A

Abhidharma, xiv, xviii, 179n4 categorized in the Tripiṭaka, xiv, xxxxiii, 179n2 Mahayana and Hinayana, xx, xxii See alsocommentaries/treatises, Abhidharma mahā vibhāśā-śāśtra; Tripiṭaka

Āgama(s), xiii, xv, xxiv four/fourfold, xiv, xv, xxiii, Hinayana, xxiv

See alsoDīrgha Āga ma; Ekkotarīka Āgama; Madhya ma Āgama; Saṃ yukta Āgama alms/almsfood, 45, 159, 170, 175, 177, 182n27

almsbowl/almsround(s), 7, 59, 62, 64, 67, 69, 79, 93, 94, 104, 159, 175, 182n27

Alouna, 170, 182n28

Ambaṭṭha, xvii, 141, 143-145, 147-150, 176, 178, 180-181n22, 182n27 See alsoMānava

anāgāmin,6, 12, 14, 108, 114 See alsononreturner

Ānanda, 23-38, 93-94, 114-115 Anāthapiṇḍika, monastery built by, 3, 17 See alsoforest/grove, Jetavana Forest Aṅgirasa, 170

Aṅguttara Nikāya,xv

See alsoEkottarika Āgama;Nikāyas, fivefold

animal(s), 40, 63, 72-73, 154, 155, 176 bird(s), xvii, 40, 129, 144, 152, 156, 164 bulls/cow, 64, 65, 152, 154, 159 camels, 154

dog, 152, 154

elephant(s), 40, 41, 45, 134, 139, 143, 152, 154, 164, 176

field mice, 73

goats, 154

hen/roosters, 152, 154 horse(s), 143, 152, 153, 154, 157, 173, 174, 176

jackal, 63, 72-73

lion, 72

pig(s), 152, 154

sheep, 152

anuttara samyaksaṃbodhi. Seeenlightenment, supreme arhat(s), 7, 15, 40, 41, 63, 64, 65, 127, 128, 133, 179n4

arhatship, 6, 65

ārūpyadhātu. Seerealm, formless ascetic(s)/asceticism, xvii, 63-72, 180-181n22

practice, 64, 65, 155, 182n27 seven kinds of, 63

See alsoausterity; mendicant Aśoka, xiv

asura(s), xvii, 43, 44, 47, 55, 137, 140, Aṭṭhaka, 170, 171

austerity, 3, 7, 10, 11, 14, 17, 41, 42, 44, 45, 50, 53, 56, 59, 60-61, 62, 96-101, 187

Index

austerity (continued): 105, 106,107, 109, 121, 126, 142, 151, 157, 167, 182n27 See alsoascetic, practice B

Bhagu, 182n28

Bhāradvāja-Vāseṭṭha, 170, 182n28 bhikṣu(s), xix, 3, 5, 7-15, 17, 19, 22, 23, 32-33, 35-38, 44, 46, 51-54, 59, 62, 64, 66-67, 98-106, 108-109, 113-114, 129, 132, 133-136, 137, 139, 141, 150, 152-168, 175, 177 See alsodisciple(s); monk(s); śramaṇa(s); śrāvaka bhikṣuṇī(s), 98, 99, 132 birth(s), 224, 25, 32, 107, 113, 121, 126, 146, 166, 182n27

See alsorebirth(s)

birth and death, cause of, 121, 126, 167 bodhisattva, xxiii, 103 Brahmā, xvii, 23, 73-75, 139, 149, 150 birth, in Ābhāsvara Heaven, 9, 12, 37 in the guise of a youth, 57 brāhmaṇa(s), xvii, 23, 36, 37, 50, 51, 53-54, 59, 62, 63-67, 69-70, 73, 75-78, 87, 89, 90, 112, 113, 117-132, 138, 141-144, 146, 147, 148-149, 150, 152-156, 170-177, 179n5, 180-181n22, 182n27

ascetic(s), xvii, 67, 69, 70, 71 class/lineage, 146, 148, 149 heretic(s), 104, 106, 107, 109, 110 scriptures, 141, 142 See alsocaste(s)/class(es), four Brhamanical, 180-181n22 buddha(s), 118, 131, 176 future, 118, 131, 134 marks, 142

past, 117, 118, 131, 134 188

Buddha, xix, 6, 8, 75-76, 77, 107, 110, 112, 139-140, 141, 180n21, 180-181n22, 182n27

and Ambaṭṭha/Mānava, 143-173, 180-181n22, 182n27

and Ānanda, 23-38, 114-115 and Bhārgava, 59-78 and bhikṣus, 3-15, 17-22, 100-114, 134-138, 139-140

and brāhmaṇa(s), 63-78 and Cunda, 94-100

demise/nirvana, xiii, 179n4 disciples/followers, 44, 54, 169 discourses/teaching(s) of, xiv, xvi, 45, 46, 48, 50, 179n2

and the Evil One/Māra, 139 and Indra/Śakra, 39, 43-57 and Kalyāṇa-jātika, 79-92 marks of, 172-173, 174 and Pañcaśika, 42-43, 57 and Pāṭikāputra, 67, 69-72, 73 and Puṣkarasārin, 174-177 and Śāriputra, 117-131, 132 and Sunakṣatra, 59-66, 67 and the gods, 133-134, 136-138, 140 and Udāyin, 131-132 See alsoBuddha, Dharma, and Sangha; Gautama; Śākyamuni; Tathāgata; World-honored One

Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha, 19, 61, 91, 132, 175, 176

See alsoThree Treasures Buddhayaśas, xvii-xviii, xix, xxi Buddhist(s), xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, xviii, xx, xxi, xxiv, 109, 128, 180-181n22 canon/canonical tradition, xiv, xx Chinese, xviii, xix communities, xiii, xx, xxiv Japanese, xx, xxiv

literature/scriptures/texts, xiv, xvi, xx, xxi, xxii, xxv

studies, xviii, xxiv Tripiṭaka, xxi, xxii, xxiv Buddhist councils, four, xiii-xiv First Council, xiii Second Council, xiii Third Council, xiii, xiv, xv Fourth Council, xiv Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit, xv C

cakravartin. Seeuniversal ruler caste(s)/class(es), 150, 180-181n22, 182n27

four, 144, 145, 180-181n22 See also brāhmaṇa(s); kṣatriya(s); śūdra(s); vaiśya(s) catalogues/collections, xiii, xv, xvi, xx, xxi-xxii, xxiv, 180n13 Chu sanzang ji ji(Collection of the Tripiṭaka Textual Records), xx Gezhong qinding zhongjing mulu (Buddhist Canonical Textual Catalogues/Complete Buddhist Tripi ṭaka Library), xxi

Kaiyuan shijiao lu(Kaiyuan Record of Buddhist Textual Catalogues), xxi Renshou zhongjing mulu (Renshou Record of Textual Catalogues), xxi Sui Kaihuang lidai sanbao ji (Sui Kai huang Record of the Threefold Buddhist Treasures of the Successive Dynasties), xxi

Taishō shinshū daizōkyō (Taishō New Tripiṭaka Edition), xx Zhongjing mulu(Comprehensive Re cord of the Textual Catalogues), xx See alsoscriptures/sutras/texts causal, 9, 11

aggregates, 25, 167 concatenation/linkages/relation/series, 9, 30, 32, 35,75-77 Index

condition(s), 24, 127 contexts, 166, 167 dependence, 25-32

factors, eight kinds of, 10-11 origin, 36, 37

See alsocausality; dependent origination causality, 23-35, 39, 57, 113, 118 greater, xvi, 23-38 lesser, xvi

original, xxiii

twelve-limbed, 23

See alsocausal; dependent origination Chang ahan jing(Canonical Collection of Lengthy Discourses), xiii, xxi, xxiii-xxv

categorized in the Taishō shinshū daizōkyō,xx-xxi

and the Dharmaguptaka school, xix "Sutra on Buddhist Cosmology, " xv,

xvii, xix, 179n8

sutras of, correlated to the Pāli Dīgha Nikāya suttantas, xv-xvii See also Dīgha Nikāya; Dīrgha Āgama China, xiv, xviii, xx, xxiv, 180n13 dynasty/period:

Han/Late Han, xiv, xviii Jing, xxii

Ming, xxii

Northern Song/Song, xxii Sixteen States, xviii Sui, xxi

Tang, xviii, xxii

Yuan, xxii

Chinese, xix, xx, xxii Buddhists, xviii, xix language, xxiv, xxv, xviii texts/translations, xv, xx, xxv, 46, 179n4, 180nn17, 20, 181n24 city(ies)/town(s)/village(s), 59, 64, 67, 69, 79, 143, 160, 164, 165, 167, 169, 174, 182

189

Index

city(ies)/town(s)/village(s) (continued): Āmra, 39

Anupiya, xvii, 59, 78 Chang'an, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxiv, 180nn10, 12

Icchānaṅkala, 141 Liangzhou, xviii xx, 180n10 Louyang, xviii

Lushan, xix

Nālandā, 117

Pāṭaliputra (Patna), xiv Pāvā, 93, 94

Puṣkarasvādi, 141 Rājagṛha (Rājgīr), xiii, 79, 136 Śuklabhūmi (Uttarakā), 64, 180n19 Vaiśālī (Vesālī), xiii, 60, 61, 62, 63, 67, 68-69

commemorative tower(s), xix, 91, 94, 95, 96

commentaries/treatises, xviii, xxiii, xxxii, 180n13

Abhidharmamahāvibhāṣā-śāśtra/Mahā vibhāṣā-śāstra,xiv, 179n4 Apidamo da pibosha lun,179n4 Satyasiddhi-śāstra(Cheng shi lun; Trea tise on the Establishment of Truth), xix

Zhao lun,xxi

See alsoscriptures/sutras/texts Confucian, xviii, xx contemplation, xix, xxiv, 3, 14, 22, 55, 129, 130, 158

contemplative recollection, xxiv See alsoincantation, esoteric/magical country(ies)/region(s), xviii, 5, 90, 93, 94, 156, 165-166, 180n15 Aśvaka, 136

Central Asia(n), xvii, xviii, xix India, vii, xix, 180-181nn22 Gangetic basin, 180n15 Himalayan region, 180-181n22 Northern/north-central, xv, 180n15 Kapilavastu, 93, 133, 136, 139, 140 Kāśmīra, xiv, xviii, xviii, xix, 179n5 Kauśala, 141

Khotan, xviii, xix Kuccha (Eastern Turkestan), xviii, 180n10

Kuru, 23

Kuṣāṇa, xiv

Magadha, 39, 46, 57 Malla/Mallan, 59, 64 Mauryan, xiv

Southeast Asia, xiv Burma, xiv

Indochina, xiv

Thailand, xiv

Śrāvastī, 43, 171 Sri Lanka, xiv

Vidarbha, 179n5

Vṛji, 61

D

Dao'an, xx-xxi

Daoist, xviii, xx, xxi defilement(s), 8, 12, 21, 36, 37, 38, 39, 46, 55, 57, 81, 107, 108, 109, 114, 120, 134, 140, 157, 176 action, four kinds of, 80 five kinds of, 108, 126, 177, 180n21 influence of, 3, 4, 5, 9-10, 32, 33, 35, 36, 75, 76, 77, 78, 121, 125, 129, 167, 168, 176

seven kinds of, 9 dependent origination, 34, 35, 113 See alsocausal; causality desire(s), 4, 5, 8, 9-10, 12, 13, 21, 26-29, 32, 35, 41, 42, 45, 46, 48, 49-50, 53, 54, 109, 120, 129, 131, 132, 134, 140, 151, 159, 160, 165, 176, 180-181n22, 182n26 190

carnal/sexual, 6, 9, 108, 126, 130, 151, 167, 180n21

cause of, 27-28

five kinds of, 105-106 realm of, 25, 108, 126, 177, 180n21 worldly, 5, 114, 158

desire, anger, and delusion, 80, 81, 126 devas, 140

See also god(s)

dhāraṇī. See contemplative recollection; incantation, esoteric/magical Dharma, xvi, 4, 8, 14, 56, 57, 73, 88, 118, 119, 131, 133, 139, 140, 150, 176 great/highest/supreme, 3, 17 right, 91, 139, 150, 175, 177 See alsoBuddha, Dharma, and Sangha Dharmaguptaka school, xiii, xiv, xv, xix See alsoVinaya texts, Dharmaguptakavinaya Dīgha Nikāya(Lengthy Discourses), xix, xxv, 23, 39, 59, 79, 93, 117, 133, 141 and the Dīrgha Āgama,xiv-xvii suttantas of, correlated with Dīrgha Āgamasutras, xv-xvi

and the "Sutra of Buddhist Cosmology" in the Chang ahan jing, xvi, xix, 179n8

See alsoChang ahan jing;Dīrgha Āgama; Nikāyas, fivefold Dīrgha Āgama (Lengthy Discourses), xiii, xviii, 180-181n22 and the Dīgha Nikāya,xiv-xvii See alsoĀgamas, four/fourfold; Chang ahan jing; Dīgha Nikāya disciple(s), xiii, xix, xxi, 15, 22, 44, 46, 54, 60, 62, 64, 77-78, 79, 88, 93, 95-100, 117, 126, 133, 139, 140, 141, 142, 152, 153-157, 173, 174, 175, 176, 182n27

female, 98, 99, 100

Index

lay, 99, 100

saintly, 6, 14, 128, 129, 166 See also bhikṣu(s); bhikṣuṇī(s); monk(s)

E

eightfold noble path, 10, 11, 20, 101, 119 Ekkotarika Āgama (Gradually Increased Discourses), xv

emptiness, xxi, 74

of the self, 4, 18

enlightenment, 100, 109, 110, 141, 158, 159, 182n27

seven auxiliary disciplines/practices of, 8, 10, 19, 101, 108, 119, 120, supreme, 40, 110, 182n27 eon(s), xiii, 123-124, 127, 128, 165, 166 evil(s), 11, 23, 27, 84, 130, 152, 155, 160 action(s)/conduct, 80-81, 84, 128 four bases of, 80-81

course of existence/life course, 17-21, 126, 128, 134

destinies, three, 166 influence(s), 32, 33, 35-36, 121, 125, 129, 134, 157

psychophysical elements, 10, 82 Evil One. SeeMāra

evil ones (deva-māras), 139, 140, 142, 150, 142

See alsoMāra

expediency/expedient means, 147, 152, 153, 154, 168-169

F

Faxian, xix, 180n12

five aggregates, 5, 11 See alsopsychophysical elements five spiritual faculties, 6, 10 flower(s), 41, 91, 139, 153, 171 See alsolotuses

191

Index

forest/grove, 59, 70-73, 79, 93, 133, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140, 143, 144, 145, 152, 154, 159, 174, 182n25 Icchānaṅkala Grove, 141, 143, 174, 177 Jetavana Forest, 3, 17 Pāvārika's Mango Forest, 117 four applications of mental awareness, 18 four guardians/guardian gods, xvii, 136, 150

Dhṛtarāṣṭra, 136

Vaiśravaṇa, 136

Virūḍhaka, 43, 136 Virūpākṣa, 136

Four Noble Truths, 4, 176 four quarters of the earth, 131, 132, 143 four shrines: Bahuputraka, Gautamaka, Saptāmra, Udena, 63 Fujian, xviii, xx, xxi G

gandharva(s), 39, 42, 44, 46, 47, 57, 137, 140

Gautama, 59, 65 -71, 74, 76, 77-78, 106, 109, 130, 141-143, 145, 147, 150, 170, 172, 173-174, 182n28 See alsoBuddha; Śākyamuni god(s), 23, 39-40, 42-44, 47-57, 68-69, 125, 126, 128, 133, 134, 135, 138, 139-140, 142, 149, 150, 164, 166, 177

Brahmā, 138

of the earth, 135

gandharva,39, 42, 46 heavenly/of the heavens, 46, 134, 137, 140, 150

of Mt. Śairagiri, 135 of the Snow Mountains (Himalayas), 135

of the Śuddhāvāsa heavens, 133-134 Trāyastriṃśa, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 54, 56, 57

192

See alsofour guardians/guardian gods; heavenly, beings/spirits/gods Gopaka/Gopikā, 44, 46 Great Yüeji. SeeKaniṣka, King H

happiness, xvii, 11, 12, 20, 21, 53, 55, 56, 78, 86, 105, 106-108, 110, 112, 117, 127, 132, 165 heaven(s), xii, 43, 56, 80, 81, 82, 86, 140 Ābhāsvara, 9, 12, 13, 37, 46, 74, 75 Akaniṣṭha, 56, 108 Āsaṃjñika, 13

Brahmā, 74, 129, 135, 164, 171, 172 Subhakṛtsna, 9, 13, 37 Śuddhāvāsa, 133-134 Trāyastriṃśa, xvii, 39, 41, 61, 43, 44, 45, 46, 54, 57, 69 heavenly, 143

beings/spirits/gods, 8, 9, 12, 36, 46, 57, 121, 133, 134, 137, 150 body, 56, 134

maiden/nymph, 42, 43-44 See alsogod(s)

hell(s), xvii, 168, 169, 170, 171, 173 heretic(s), 104, 106, 109, 110, 130 See alsoHindu; non-Buddhist heretical practices/belief, 105, 106, 107, 126, 180n21

Hinayana, xiv, xv, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiv See alsoTheravāda

Hindu, xiv, xvi

literature:

Purāṇas and Śāstras, 179n5 Three Vedas, xvii

See alsoheretic(s); heretical practices/ belief; non-Buddhist householder(s), 43, 104, 142, 143, 144, 150, 154, 171

See alsolay

Huibian, xix

Index

Huiyüen, xix

I

ignorance, 4, 9, 24, 91, 119, 121, 124, 125, 134, 166, 167 cause of, 166, 167, 168 impermanence/impermanent, 34, 75, 76, 109

incantation, 128, 155, 156 esoteric/magical, 136-138, 155 See alsocontemplative recollection Indra, xvi, 39, 42-47, 54, 57, 136, 139 See alsoŚakra

Īśvara, 73-74

J

Jain. See Nirgrantha Jātūkarṇya Vyāsa, 179n5 Jñātiputra, 93

K

kalpa. Seeeon

Kalyāṇa-jātika, xvii, 79-82, 84-89, 91-92, 180n20

kāmadhātu. Seerealm, of desire Kaniṣka, King, xiv, 179n4 Kāśyapa, 170

Kaura, 64-66

Khuddaka Nikāya(Short Discourses), xv See alsoNikāyas, fivefold kṣatriya(s), 64-66, 144, 148-149 See alsocaste(s)/class(es), four Kumārajīva, xviii, xix, xx-xxi, 180n10 Kumbhīra, 136

L

lay, 43, 44

devotee(s)/disciple(s)/followers, 70, 71, 89, 91, 93, 94, 99, 100, 175, 176-177

See alsohouseholder(s) layman/laymen, 93, 132 laywomen, 132

Licchavi clanspeople, 50, 70-73 lion's roar, 72, 73, 117, 118 Lotus Association, xix lotuses, 161-162 See alsoflower(s) lotus posture, 129, 158 Lüguang, General, xviii, 180n10 M

Madhyama Āgama(Middle-length Discourses), xv See alsoĀgamas, four/fourfold; Majjhima Nikāya Madhyamaka, xxiii Mahayana, xvi, xxiii sutras/texts, xx-xxiv Tripiṭaka, xv, xix, xx-xxi, xxiv Majjhima Nikāya (Middle-length Discourses), xv See alsoNikāyas, fivefold; Madhyama Āgama

Mānava, 143-150, 152-173 See alsoAmbaṭṭha Māra, 139, 142

See alsoevil ones (deva-māras) meditation, 14, 15, 23, 117, 127, 161 four kinds of, 40 meditative absorption, four kinds/states, 13, 101, 107, 119, 130, 161-162 mendicant, 6, 83, 150 See also ascetic(s); śramaṇa(s) mindful/mindfulness, 3, 5, 6, 8, 14, 19-20, 46, 107, 114, 158-159 four kinds of, 120 right, 11, 15, 20, 21 six kinds of, 8 six objects of, 19 wrong, 11, 15, 20 193

Index

monk(s), xiii, xiv, xix, 7, 10 See also bhikṣu(s); disciple(s); śramaṇa(s);śravaka mountains/peaks:

Himalayas/Snow Mountains, 134, 145, 146, 180-181n22

Mount Vediya/Vediyaka, 39 Vepulla, 136

Vulture Peak, 79

N

Nikāyas, fivefold, xiv-xv See also Aṅguttara Nikāya; Dīgha Nikāya; Khuddaka Nikāya; Majjhima Nikāya; Saṃyutta Nikāya Nirgrantha, 62-65, 93, 94 nirvana, 17, 40, 42, 96, 108, 126, 179n4 doctrinal items leading to, 18-22 final, 53, 177

five kinds of, 108 goal of, 41, 179n4 path toward, 6, 17 See also parinirvāṇa non-Buddhist, xvi, 180n13 nonreturner, 6, 108, 126, 127, See alsoanāgāmin

Numata, Dr. Yehan, xxiv O

obsessive conception(s)/conceptualization, 49-51, 159

Okkāka, King, 145-146, 148, 180-181n22, 181n24

four sons of (Okkāmukha, Hatthinīya, Karaṇḍu, and Sīnipura), 145-146 once-returner, 6, 54, 126, 127 P

Pāli, xiv, xv, xvi, xix, xxiv, xxv, 141, 180nn17, 18; 181nn23, 24; 182n28 Pali Text Society, xxv 194

Pañcasikha, 39-43, 57 parinirvāṇa,110

See alsonirvana, final path(s), 17, 22, 40, 42, 46, 50, 54, 56, 64, 67, 68, 69, 75, 86, 95, 96-97, 109, 167, 176

authentic/right/true/ultimate, 12, 56, 95, 108, 155, 156

to enlightenment/nirvana, 6, 17, 40, 96 of practice/practice of, 61-62, 64, 132, 150

of religion/religious, 74, 75, 76, 120, 142, 143, 155, 156 ten direct, 21

of transcendence, 67-69 wrong, 12, 155, 156 ten kinds of, 15

See alsoeightfold noble path Pāṭikāputra, 67-73 Pāyāsi, xvi

pond(s), 41, 154, 161 eight qualities of, 61 Markaṭa Pond, 60, 62, 67 practice(s), xvi, xvii, xxiii, xxv, 5, 6, 7, 11, 17, 22, 40, 45, 46, 55, 56, 57, 61, 64, 77, 78, 80, 91, 93, 94, 95-96, 97, 114, 119, 120, 129, 132, 141, 150, 152-156, 157, 162, 166-170, 177 ascetic/of austerity, 3, 7, 10, 11, 17, 41, 42, 53, 62-65, 96-101, 105, 106, 107, 109, 121, 126, 142, 150, 155, 157, 167, 182n27 attachment to, 126, 180n21 of calming the mind and of analytical introspection/insight, 4, 18 of concentration/threefold concentration, 4, 9, 18, 20, 121 of contemplation/introspection/mindfulness, 10, 22, 46, 130 four alternative/dietary/expedient, 168-170, 180-181n22, 182n27

harmonious/six principles of harmony in, 7, 149

heretical, 106, 107 moral, xviii, 108

right/of the right doctrine/ten right,15, 95, 106

three forms/ways of, 114 See alsoenlightenment, seven auxiliary practices of

Prasenajit, King, 141, 171, 182n27 pratītyasamutpāda. Seecausality, twelvelimbed; dependent origination precept(s), 5, 7, 8, 12, 18, 19, 62, 69, 87, 150-151, 156, 177

five, 19, 175

psychophysical elements, xix, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 18, 20, 53, 75, 76, 77, 82, 114, 120, 158, 159

See alsofive aggregates Pure Land, xix

Q

quiescence, 8, 9, 20, 100, 157, 161, 162, 163, 164, 166, 167, 168 R

rākṣasa,137

realm(s), 4, 38, 59, 114 of desire, 25, 108, 126, 177, 180n21 of form, 25, 56, 108, 176 formless, 25, 108

of infinite consciousness, 38, 114 of infinite space, 38, 114 of neither ideation nor nonideation, 38, 114

of nothingness or nonutility, 38, 114 supramundane, 107, 121, 125 rebirth(s), 54, 120, 167, 168 among the gods/in heaven(s), 56, 86, 176

in the Pure Land, xix Index

river(s), 91, 134, 182n27 Nairañjanā, 42, 182n27 Yangzi, xviii

robe(s), 45, 71, 93, 94, 104, 159 outer, 115, 131, 159, 175 saṃghāṭī, 59, 62, 64, 67, 69, 79 three, ix, 74, 75, 76, 77, 150 rūpadhātu. Seerealm, of form S

Śakra, 39, 41-42, 46-57 See alsoIndra

sakṛdāgāmin. Seeonce-returner Śākya(s), 40, 44, 46, 54, 62, 64, 104, 106, 109, 133, 141, 144-145, 146, 147, 171, 180-181n22, 182nn25, 27 sage, 168, 169, 170 See alsoŚākyamuni

Śākyamuni, xiii, xvi, xix, xxiii-xxiv, xxv, 40, 46, 180n15, 180-181n22 See alsoBodhisattva; Buddha; Gautama Saṃyukta Āgama(Mixed Discourses), xv See alsoĀgamas, four/fourfold; Saṃ yutta Nikāya Saṃyutta Nikāya (Mixed Discourses), xv See alsoNikāyas, fivefold; Saṃyukta Āgama

Sandhāna, xvi

sangha, xx, 7, 8, 175, 177, 180-181n22 See alsoBuddha, Dharma, and Sangha Śāriputra, 117-132 śāstra. See commentaries/treatises Sengyou, xx, xxi

Sengzhao, xxi, xxiv, xxv sensation(s), 6, 14, 18, 24, 26, 27, 30, 32, 33-35, 106, 113, 119, 158, 180n16 five kinds of, 125 three kinds of, 4, 33-34 See alsosense(s)

195

Index

sense(s), 12, 14, 38, 113, 114, 134, 162, 163

contact, 24, 30-31, 32, 33-34, 113, 115

six kinds of, 157five, 54 faculties, 3, 8, 33, 34, 52, 113, 157 five, 15

six, 113, 157

inner and outer, 5, 17, 18, 114, 158 object, 34, 113

operation, six/sixfold, 24, 32, 113 organs, 31

perception(s), 5, 158 See alsosensation(s)

scripture(s)/sutra(s), xiii- xvii, xix, xxiixxv, 6, 22, 115 brāhmaṇa,141, 142

doctrinal, xxi, 22

esoteric, xxiii

Hinayana, xxii, xxiii Mahayana, xxii, xxiii Prajñāpāramitā/Wisdom, xx, xxi, xxiii, xxiv

twelve categories of/twelvefold, 103-104, 179n2 See alsocatalogues/collections; commentaries/treatises; Sutra, Vinaya, and Abhidharma; Vinaya texts scriptures/sutras/texts: Jātakas, 103, 180-181n22 Bhaddasālajātaka, 180-181n22 Daśabhūmika-sūtra(Sutra on the Ten Stages of the Bodhisattva Career), xviii

Datang Xi yu ji(Record of the Western Regions), 179n4

Dīpavaṃsa,179n3

Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra, 180n12 Mahāprajñāpāramitā-sūtra,xxiv Mahāsaṃnipāta-sūtra(Great Collection Sutra), xxiii 196

Mahāvaṃsa,179n3

Xukongyun pusa jing(Ākāśagarbhasūtra; Sutra on Ākāśagarbha Bodhisattva), xx Shouyipo, 170, 182n28 Sikhaddi, 42

skandhas. Seefive aggregates; psycho physical elements śramaṇa(s), xvii, xviii, xix, 23, 36, 37, 41, 42, 50, 51, 53-54, 67-68, 69-70, 71, 73, 75-78, 87-90, 104, 106, 106, 112, 113, 117-129, 130-132, 142, 144, 150, 152-156

See also ascetic(s); mendicant; monk(s) śrāvaka,128

See also bhikśu(s); disciple(s); monk(s) srotaāpanna. Seestream-winner Sthāvira/Sthāvira-Sarvāstivāda school, xiii, xiv, xv

stream-winner, 6, 54, 126, 127 stupa. Seecommemorative tower(s) Sudharma Hall, 42, 44, 46, 54, 60, 62,67 See alsoheaven(s), Trāyastriṃśa śūdra(s), 144, 145, 147, 148 See alsocaste(s)/class(es), four Suntuo luo, 170, 182n28 śūnyatā. Seeemptiness supernormal knowledge, 5, 127 supernormal power(s), 60, 64, 66-71, 98-101, 109, 110, 117-129, 131, 132, 135-136, 139, 140, 162, 164-168, 173, 174

five kinds of, 138

four kinds of, 119

six kinds of, 8

Sutra, Vinaya, and Abhidharma, xx, 179n2 See alsoTripiṭaka

T

tathāgata, 15, 22, 150

Tathāgata, 6, 33, 34, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 52-54, 57, 60-61, 68, 72, 73, 75-77, 91, 100, 106, 109-111, 117-128, 131, 133, 134, 141, 143, 149, 150, 172-176

See alsoBuddha; World-honored One Theravāda, xiv, xv

See alsoHinayana

Three Treasures. SeeBuddha, Dharma, and Sangha

Tibetan language, xxiv, 179n4 Tipiṭaka. SeeTripiṭaka transcendent insight/knowledge/faculties, 14, 32, 33, 35, 36, 56, 108, 109, 117, 118, 121, 125, 159, 168 treasure(s), 8, 43, 153 seven, 143

tree(s), 15, 22, 104, 159, 168 bodhi,182n27

nyagrodha,42

śaka/sākasaṇda,145, 182n25 tinduka,70

Tripiṭaka, xiii, xiv, xv, xix, xx xxiv, 179nn2, 3

U

universal ruler, xvi, xvii, 142-143 upāsaka. Seelayman/laymen upāsikā. See laywomen V

Vaibhāṣika. SeeBuddhayaśas vaiśya(s), 144

See alsocaste(s)/class(es), four Index

Vāmaka, 170

Vāmadeva, 170

Vessāmitta, 170

Vinaya, xiii, xxi, 52, 103, 151, 157 Vinaya texts, xvii-xix, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, 180n13

Daśabhāṇavāra-vinaya,xviii Dharmaguptaka-vinaya(Sifen lü/ Vinaya in Four Divisions), xviii-xix Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya, 180n12 See alsoSutra, Vinaya, and Abhidharma W

World-honored One, 3, 10, 17, 23, 39-44, 46-47, 50, 52-55, 57, 59-62, 64-66, 68, 71-73, 78, 79-81, 85, 86, 89, 91, 93-94, 100-101, 114-115, 117, 119-129, 131-132, 133, 136-139, 143-145, 147, 148, 150, 172-177 See alsoBuddha; Tathāgata X

Xuanzang, xiv, xxiv, 179n4 Y

yakṣa(s), 135, 136, 140, 147 Yamataggi, 170

Yaoxing, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, 180n10 Yogācāra, xxii

Z

Zhi Faling, xix

Zhu Fonian, xviii

197

BDK English Tripiṭaka(First Series)

BDK English Tripiṭaka (First Series) Abbreviations Ch.: Chinese Skt.: Sanskrit Jp.: Japanese Eng.: Published title Title Taishō No. Ch. Chang ahan jing (長阿含經) 1 Skt. Dīrghāgama Eng. The Canonical Book of the Buddha '

s Lengthy Discourses (Volume I, 2015) The Canonical Book of the Buddha '

s Lengthy Discourses (Volume II, 2016) Ch. Zhong ahan jing (中阿含經) 26 Skt. Madhyamāgama Eng. The Madhyama Āgama (Middle-length Discourses), (Volume I, 2013) Ch. Dasheng bensheng xindi guan jing (大乘本生心地觀經) Ch. Fo suoxing zan (佛所行讃) 159 192

Skt. Buddhacarita Eng. Buddhacarita: In Praise of Buddha '

s Acts(2009) Ch. Zabao zang jing (雜寶藏經) 203 Eng. The Storehouse of Sundry Valuables(1994) Ch. Faju piyu jing (法句譬喩經) 211 Eng. The Scriptural Text: Verses of the Doctrine, with Parables(1999) Ch. Xiaopin banruo boluomi jing (小品般若波羅蜜經) 227 Skt. Aṣṭasāhasrikā-prajñāpāramitā-sutra 199

BDK English Tripiṭaka

Title Taishō No.

Ch. Jingang banruo boluomi jing (金剛般若波羅蜜經) Skt. Vajracchedikā-prajñāpāramitā-sutra 235

Ch. Daluo jingang bukong zhenshi sanmoye jing 243 (大樂金剛不空眞實三麼耶經)

Skt. Adhyardhaśatikā-prajñāpāramitā-sutra Eng. The Sutra of the Vow of Fulfilling the Great Perpetual Enjoyment and Benefiting All Sentient Beings Without Exception(in Esoteric Texts,2015) Ch. Renwang banruo boluomi jing (仁王般若波羅蜜經) 245 Skt.

*Kāruṇikārājā-prajñāpāramitā-sutra Ch. Banruo boluomiduo xin jing (般若波羅蜜多心經) 251 Skt. Prajñāpāramitāhṛdaya-sutra Ch. Miaofa lianhua jing (妙法蓮華經) 262 Skt. Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-sutra Eng. The Lotus Sutra(Revised Second Edition, 2007) Ch. Wuliangyi jing (無量義經) 276 Eng. The Infinite Meanings Sutra(in Tiantai Lotus Texts,2013) Ch. Guan Puxian pusa xingfa jing (觀普賢菩薩行法經) 277 Eng. The Sutra Expounded by the Buddha on Practice of the Way through Contemplation of the Bodhisattva All-embracing Goodness(in Tiantai Lotus Texts,2013) Ch. Dafangguang fo huayan jing (大方廣佛華嚴經) 279 Skt. Avataṃsaka-sutra

Ch. Shengman shizihou yisheng defang bianfang guang jing 353 (勝鬘師子吼一乘大方便方廣經)

Skt. Śrīmālādevīsiṃhanāda-sutra Eng. The Sutra of Queen Śrīmālā of the Lion '

s Roar(2004)

Ch. Wuliangshou jing (無量壽經) 360 Skt. Sukhāvatīvyūha

Eng. The Larger Sutra on Amitāyus(in The Three Pure Land Sutras, Revised Second Edition, 2003) Ch. Guan wuliangshou fo jing (觀無量壽佛經) 365 Skt.

Eng. *Amitāyurdhyāna-sutra The Sutra on Contemplation of Amitāyus (in The Three Pure Land Sutras,Revised Second Edition, 2003) 200

BDK English Tripiṭaka

Title Taishō No.

Ch. Amituo jing (阿彌陀經) 366 Skt. Sukhāvatīvyūha

Eng. The Smaller Sutra on Amitāyus(in The Three Pure Land Sutras, Revised Second Edition, 2003) Ch. Da banniepan jing (大般涅槃經) 374 Skt. Mahāparinirvana-sutra Eng. The Nirvana Sutra(Volume I, 2013) Ch. Fochuibo niepan lüeshuo jiaojie jing (佛垂般涅槃略説教誡經) 389 Eng. The Bequeathed Teaching Sutra(in Apocryphal Scriptures,2005) Ch. Dizang pusa benyuan jing (地藏菩薩本願經) 412 Skt.

*Kṣitigarbhapraṇidhāna-sutra Ch. Banzhou sanmei jing (般舟三昧經) 418 Skt. Pratyutpanna-buddhasammukhāvasthita-samādhi-sutra Eng. The Pratyutpanna Samādhi Sutra(1998) Ch. Yaoshi liuli guang rulai benyuan gongde jing 450 (藥師琉璃光如來本願功徳經)

Skt. Bhaiṣajyaguru-vaiḍūrya-prabhāsa-pūrvapraṇidhāna-viśeṣavistara Ch. Mile xiasheng chengfo jing (彌勒下生成佛經) 454 Skt.

*Maitreyavyākaraṇa

Eng. The Sutra that Expounds the Descent of Maitreya Buddha and His Enlightenment(2015) Ch. Wenshushili wen jing (文殊師利問經) 468 Skt.

*Mañjuśrīparipṛcchā

Eng. The Sutra of Mañjuśrī' s Questions(2015)

Ch. Weimojie suoshuo jing (維摩詰所説經) 475 Skt. Vimalakīrtinirdeśa-sutra Eng. The Vimalakīrti Sutra(2004) Ch. Yueshangnü jing (月上女經) 480 Skt. Candrottarādārikā-paripṛcchā Ch. Zuochan sanmei jing (坐禪三昧經) 614 Eng. The Sutra on the Concentration of Sitting Meditation(2009) Ch. Damoduoluo chan jing (達磨多羅禪經) Ch. Yuedeng sanmei jing (月燈三昧經) 618 639

Skt. Samādhirāja-candrapradīpa-sutra 201

BDK English Tripiṭaka

Title Taishō No.

Ch. Shoulengyan sanmei jing (首楞嚴三昧經) Skt. Śūraṅgamasamādhi-sutra Eng. The Śūraṅgama Samādhi Sutra(1998) Ch. Jinguang ming zuishengwang jing (金光明最勝王經) Skt. Suvarṇaprabhāsa-sutra Ch. Dasheng rulengqie jing (大乘入楞伽經) Skt. Laṅkāvatāra-sutra 642

665

672

Ch. Jie shenmi jing (解深密經) 676 Skt. Saṃdhinirmocana-sutra Eng. The Scripture on the Explication of Underlying Meaning(2000) Ch. Yulanpen jing (盂蘭盆經) 685 Skt.

*Ullambana-sutra

Eng. The Ullambana Sutra(in Apocryphal Scriptures,2005) Ch. Sishierzhang jing (四十二章經) 784 Eng. The Sutra of Forty-two Sections(in Apocryphal Scriptures,2005) Ch. Dafangguang yuanjue xiuduoluo liaoyi jing (大方廣圓覺修多羅了義經) Eng. The Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment (in Apocryphal Scriptures,2005) 842

Ch. Da Biluzhena chengfo shenbian jiachi jing (大毘盧遮那成佛神變加持經) Skt. Mahāvairocanābhisambodhi-vikurvitādhiṣṭhāna-vaipulyasūtrendrarājanāma-dharmaparyāya Eng. The Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi Sutra(2005) 848

Ch. Jinggangding yiqie rulai zhenshi she dasheng xianzheng dajiao wang jing (金剛頂一切如來眞實攝大乘現證大教王經) 865 Skt. Sarvatathāgata-tattvasaṃgraha-mahāyānā-bhisamaya-mahākalparāja Eng. The Adamantine Pinnacle Sutra(in Two Esoteric Sutras,2001) Ch. Suxidi jieluo jing (蘇悉地羯囉經) 893 Skt. Susiddhikara-mahātantra-sādhanopāyika-paṭala Eng. The Susiddhikara Sutra(in Two Esoteric Sutras,2001) Ch. Modengqie jing (摩登伽經) 1300 Skt.

*Mātaṅgī-sutra

Eng. The Mātaṅga Sutra(in Esoteric Texts,2015) 202

BDK English Tripiṭaka Title Taishō No.

Ch. Mohe sengqi lü (摩訶僧祇律) Skt. *Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya 1425

Ch. Sifen lü (四分律) 1428 Skt.

*Dharmaguptaka-vinaya Ch. Shanjianlü piposha (善見律毘婆沙) 1462 Pāli Samantapāsādikā Ch. Fanwang jing (梵網經) 1484 Skt.

*Brahmajāla-sutra

Ch. Youposaijie jing (優婆塞戒經) 1488 Skt. Upāsakaśīla-sutra Eng. The Sutra on Upāsaka Precepts(1994) Ch. Miaofa lianhua jing youbotishe (妙法蓮華經憂波提舍) 1519 Skt. Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-upadeśa Eng. The Commentary on the Lotus Sutra(in Tiantai Lotus Texts,2013) Ch. Shizha biposha lun (十住毘婆沙論) 1521 Skt.

*Daśabhūmika-vibhāṣā Ch. Fodijing lun (佛地經論) 1530 Skt.

*Buddhabhūmisutra-śāstra Eng. The Interpretation of the Buddha Land(2002) Ch. Apidamojushe lun (阿毘達磨倶舍論) 1558 Skt. Abhidharmakośa-bhāṣya Ch. Zhonglun (中論) 1564 Skt. Madhyamaka-śāstra Ch. Yüqie shidilun (瑜伽師地論) 1579 Skt. Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra Ch. Cheng weishi lun (成唯識論) 1585 Eng. Demonstration of Consciousness Only (in Three Texts on Consciousness Only,1999) Ch. Weishi sanshilun song (唯識三十論頌) 1586 Skt. Triṃśikā

Eng. The Thirty Verses on Consciousness Only (in Three Texts on Consciousness Only,1999) 203

BDK English Tripiṭaka

Title Taishō No.

Ch. Weishi ershi lun (唯識二十論) 1590 Skt. Viṃśatikā

Eng. The Treatise in Twenty Verses on Consciousness Only (in Three Texts on Consciousness Only,1999) Ch. She dasheng lun (攝大乘論) 1593 Skt. Mahāyānasaṃgraha

Eng. The Summary of the Great Vehicle(Revised Second Edition, 2003) Ch. Bian zhongbian lun (辯中邊論) 1600 Skt. Madhyāntavibhāga

Ch. Dasheng zhuangyanjing lun (大乘莊嚴經論) 1604 Skt. Mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāra Ch. Dasheng chengye lun (大乘成業論) 1609 Skt. Karmasiddhiprakaraṇa Ch. Jiujing yisheng baoxing lun (究竟一乘寳性論) 1611 Skt. Ratnagotravibhāga-mahāyānottaratantra-śāstra Ch. Yinming ruzheng li lun (因明入正理論) 1630 Skt. Nyāyapraveśa

Ch. Dasheng ji pusa xue lun (大乘集菩薩學論) 1636 Skt. Śikṣāsamuccaya

Ch. Jingangzhen lun (金剛針論) 1642 Skt. Vajrasūcī

Ch. Zhang suozhi lun (彰所知論) 1645 Eng. The Treatise on the Elucidation of the Knowable(2004) Ch. Putixing jing (菩提行經) 1662 Skt. Bodhicaryāvatāra

Ch. Jingangding yuqie zhongfa anouduoluo sanmiao sanputi xin lun 1665 (金剛頂瑜伽中發阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心論)

Eng. The Bodhicitta Śāstra(in Esoteric Texts, 2015) Ch. Dasheng qixin lun (大乘起信論) 1666 Skt.

*Mahāyānaśraddhotpāda-śāstra Eng. The Awakening of Faith(2005) Ch. Shimoheyan lun (釋摩訶衍論) 1668 204

BDK English Tripiṭaka

Title Taishō No.

Ch. Naxian biqiu jing (那先比丘經) 1670 Pāli Milindapañhā

Ch. Banruo boluomiduo xin jing yuzan (般若波羅蜜多心經幽賛) 1710 Eng. A Comprehensive Commentary on the Heart Sutra (Prajñāpāramitā-hṛdaya-sutra) (2001) Ch. Miaofalianhua jing xuanyi (妙法蓮華經玄義) 1716 Ch. Guan wuliangshou fo jing shu (觀無量壽佛經疏) 1753 Ch. Sanlun xuanyi (三論玄義) 1852 Ch. Dasheng xuan lun (大乘玄論) 1853 Ch. Zhao lun (肇論) 1858

Ch. Huayan yisheng jiaoyi fenqi zhang (華嚴一乘教義分齊章) 1866 Ch. Yuanren lun (原人論) 1886 Ch. Mohe zhiguan (摩訶止觀) 1911 Ch. Xiuxi zhiguan zuochan fayao (修習止觀坐禪法要) 1915 Ch. Tiantai sijiao yi (天台四教儀) 1931 Eng. A Guide to the Tiantai Fourfold Teachings (in Tiantai Lotus Texts,2013) Ch. Guoqing bai lu (國清百録) 1934 Ch. Zhenzhou Linji Huizhao chanshi wulu (鎭州臨濟慧照禪師語録) 1985 Eng. The Recorded Sayings of Linji(in Three Chan Classics,1999) Ch. Foguo Yuanwu chanshi biyan lu (佛果圜悟禪師碧巖録) 2003 Eng. The Blue Cliff Record(1998) Ch. Wumen guan (無門關) 2005 Eng. Wumen

'

s Gate(in Three Chan Classics,1999) Ch. Liuzu dashi fabao tan jing (六祖大師法寶壇經) 2008 Eng. The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch(2000) Ch. Xinxin ming (信心銘) 2010 Eng. The Faith-Mind Maxim(in Three Chan Classics,1999) Ch. Huangboshan Duanji chanshi chuanxin fayao (黄檗山斷際禪師傳心法要) Eng. Essentials of the Transmission of Mind(in Zen Texts,2005) 2012A

205

BDK English Tripiṭaka

Title Taishō No.

Ch. Yongjia Zhengdao ge (永嘉證道歌) Ch. Chixiu Baizhang qinggui (勅修百丈清規) 2014 2025

Eng. The Baizhang Zen Monastic Regulations(2007) Ch. Yibuzonglun lun (異部宗輪論) 2031 Skt. Samayabhedoparacanacakra Eng. The Cycle of the Formation of the Schismatic Doctrines(2004) Ch. Ayuwang jing (阿育王經) 2043 Skt. Aśokāvadāna

Eng. The Biographical Scripture of King Aśoka(1993) Ch. Maming pusa zhuan (馬鳴菩薩傳) 2046 Eng. The Life of Aśvaghoṣa Bodhisattva (in Lives of Great Monks and Nuns,2002) Ch. Longshu pusa zhuan (龍樹菩薩傳) 2047 Eng. The Life of Nāgārjuna Bodhisattva (in Lives of Great Monks and Nuns,2002) Ch. Posoupandou fashi zhuan (婆藪槃豆法師傳) 2049 Eng. Biography of Dharma Master Vasubandhu (in Lives of Great Monks and Nuns,2002) Ch. Datang Daciensi Zanzang fashi zhuan (大唐大慈恩寺三藏法師傳) 2053 Eng. A Biography of the Tripiṭaka Master of the Great Ci' en

Monastery of the Great Tang Dynasty(1995) Ch. Gaoseng zhuan (高僧傳) 2059 Ch. Biqiuni zhuan (比丘尼傳) 2063 Eng. Biographies of Buddhist Nuns (in Lives of Great Monks and Nuns,2002) Ch. Gaoseng Faxian zhuan (高僧法顯傳) 2085 Eng. The Journey of the Eminent Monk Faxian (in Lives of Great Monks and Nuns,2002) Ch. Datang xiyu ji (大唐西域記) 2087 Eng. The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions(1996) Ch. Youfangjichao: Tangdaheshangdongzheng zhuan 2089-(7) (遊方記抄: 唐大和上東征傳)

206

BDK English Tripiṭaka

Title Taishō No.

Ch. Hongming ji (弘明集) 2102 Eng. The Collection for the Propagation and Clarification of Buddhism (Volume I, 2015) Ch. Fayuan zhulin (法苑珠林) 2122 Ch. Nanhai jigui neifa zhuan (南海寄歸内法傳) 2125 Eng. Buddhist Monastic Traditions of Southern Asia(2000) Ch. Fanyu zaming (梵語雑名) 2135 Jp. Shōmangyō gisho (勝鬘經義疏) 2185 Eng. Prince Shōtoku

'

s Commentary on the Śrīmālā Sutra(2011) Jp. Yuimakyō gisho (維摩經義疏) 2186 Eng. The Expository Commentary on the Vimalakīrti Sutra(2012) Jp. Hokke gisho (法華義疏) 2187 Jp. Hannya shingyō hiken (般若心經秘鍵) Jp. Daijō hossō kenjin shō (大乘法相研神章) Jp. Kanjin kakumu shō (觀心覺夢鈔) 2203 2309

2312

Jp. Risshū kōyō (律宗綱要) 2348 Eng. The Essentials of the Vinaya Tradition(1995) Jp. Tendai hokke shūgi shū (天台法華宗義集) 2366 Eng. The Collected Teachings of the Tendai Lotus School(1995) Jp. Kenkairon (顯戒論) 2376 Jp. Sange gakushō shiki (山家學生式) 2377 Jp. Hizōhōyaku (秘藏寶鑰) 2426 Eng. The Precious Key to the Secret Treasury(in Shingon Texts, 2004) Jp. Benkenmitsu nikyō ron (辨顯密二教論) 2427 Eng. On the Differences between the Exoteric and Esoteric Teachings(in Shingon Texts, 2004) Jp. Sokushin jōbutsu gi (即身成佛義) 2428 Eng. The Meaning of Becoming a Buddha in This Very Body (in Shingon Texts, 2004) 207

BDK English Tripiṭaka

Title Taishō No.

Jp. Shōji jissōgi (聲字實相義) 2429

Eng. The Meanings of Sound, Sign, and Reality(in Shingon Texts, 2004) Jp. Unjigi (吽字義) 2430

Eng. The Meanings of the Word Hūṃ(in Shingon Texts, 2004) Jp. Gorin kuji myōhimitsu shaku (五輪九字明秘密釋) 2514 Eng. The Illuminating Secret Commentary on the Five Cakras and the Nine Syllables(in Shingon Texts, 2004) Jp. Mitsugonin hotsuro sange mon (密嚴院發露懺悔文) 2527 Eng. The Mitsugonin Confession(in Shingon Texts,2004) Jp. Kōzen gokoku ron (興禪護國論) 2543

Eng. A Treatise on Letting Zen Flourish to Protect the State (in Zen Texts,2005)

Jp. Fukan zazengi (普勧坐禪儀) 2580

Eng. A Universal Recommendation for True Zazen (in Zen Texts,2005)

Jp. Shōbōgenzō (正法眼藏) 2582

Eng. Shōbōgenzō: The True Dharma-eye Treasury(Volume I, 2007) Shōbōgenzō: The True Dharma-eye Treasury(Volume II, 2008) Shōbōgenzō: The True Dharma-eye Treasury(Volume III, 2008) Shōbōgenzō: The True Dharma-eye Treasury(Volume IV, 2008) Jp. Zazen yōjin ki (坐禪用心記) 2586

Eng. Advice on the Practice of Zazen(in Zen Texts,2005) Jp. Senchaku hongan nenbutsu shū (選擇本願念佛集) 2608 Eng. Senchaku Hongan Nembutsu Shū: A Collection of Passages on the Nembutsu Chosen in the Original Vow(1997) Jp. Kenjōdo shinjitsu kyōgyō shōmon rui (顯淨土眞實教行証文類) 2646 Eng. Kyōgyōshinshō: On Teaching, Practice, Faith, and Enlightenment(2003)

Jp. Tannishō (歎異抄) 2661

Eng. Tannishō: Passages Deploring Deviations of Faith(1996) Jp. Rennyo shōnin ofumi (蓮如上人御文) 2668 Eng. Rennyo Shōnin Ofumi: The Letters of Rennyo(1996) Jp. Ōjōyōshū (往生要集) 2682

208

BDK English Tripiṭaka

Title Taishō No.

Jp. Risshō ankoku ron (立正安國論) 2688 Eng. Risshōankokuron or The Treatise on the Establishment of the Orthodox Teaching and the Peace of the Nation (in Two Nichiren Texts,2003) Jp. Kaimokushō (開目抄) 2689

Eng. Kaimokushō or Liberation from Blindness(2000) Jp. Kanjin honzon shō (觀心本尊抄) 2692 Eng. Kanjinhonzonshō or The Most Venerable One Revealed by Introspecting Our Minds for the First Time at the Beginning of the Fifth of the Five Five Hundred-year Ages (in Two Nichiren Texts,2003) Ch. Fumu enzhong jing (父母恩重經) 2887 Eng. The Sutra on the Profundity of Filial Love (in Apocryphal Scriptures,2005) Jp. Hasshūkōyō (八宗綱要) extracanonical Eng. The Essentials of the Eight Traditions(1994) Jp. Sangō shīki (三教指帰) extracanonical Jp. Mappō tōmyō ki (末法燈明記) extracanonical Eng. The Candle of the Latter Dharma(1994) Jp. Jūshichijō kenpō (十七條憲法) extracanonical 209