Forest of Pearls From The Dharma Garden Volume IV

Index

A

Abhidharma, 207, 209, 217, 223 chapter on The Cultivation of Intelligence, 209 chapter on The Ten Gates, 209 Abhidharma-mahāvibhāṣā-śāstra. See Apidamo dapiposha lun Abhidharmāmṛta-rasa-śāstra. See Apitan ganlouwei jing

ācārya(s), 32, 67, 68, 69, 87, 100, 155, 161

Āgama sutra(s), 143, 208, 221, 297 Dīrghāgama, 88, 208, 221 Ekottarāgama, 9

Madhyamāgama, 208

Saṃyuktāgama, 17, 221 Ahan jing, 143, 295n114 See also Āgama sutra(s); Chang ahan jing; Za ahan jing; Zengyi ahan jing Ahan koujie shier yinyuan jing, 59 Ajātaśatru, King, 24, 25, 26, 122, 228, 229 Ajātaśatru Vaidehiputra, King/Crown Prince, 122, 228, 229 Ajita, 205, 297n153 See also Maitreya

Ājñāta-kauṇḍinya, 184 Akṣayamati, 210

Akush, 210

See also Kucha

Alian. See Wang Lian alms/almsgiving, 11, 24, 78, 80, 82, 101, 103, 136, 137, 164, 168, 191, 194, 195, 254, 284

almsbowl(s), 186, 191, 208 āmara fruit, 13

Āmrapālī, 192

Ānanda, 22, 23, 35, 44, 58, 72, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 155, 156, 157, 159, 189, 191, 193, 194, 204, 255 Ancheng, 216

Aṅgulimāla, 104

Anhui province, 94, 272 animal(s)/beast(s), 5, 6, 9, 22, 23, 24, 25, 29, 41, 51, 87, 92, 101, 119, 121, 160, 219, 227, 230, 234, 236, 237-238, 259, 278, 292n77

ape, 53, 60

domestic, six kinds of, 50 elephant(s), 42, 46, 48, 81, 196, 201, 228 lion(s), 24, 25, 102, 135, 170, 211, 219, 220, 278

makara fish, 42-43 monkey/rhesus monkey, 84, 86-87, 113, 233, 234-236, 237-239, 244 calf/cattle/cow(s), 25, 75, 76, 109, 166, 178, 184, 237, 240, 243, 260 deer, 17, 18, 119, 288n25 dog(s), 8, 87, 105, 116, 168, 237 fish, 42, 44, 53, 55, 87, 257, 281 fox(es), 24, 25, 102, 114 hogs/pig(s), 16, 31, 46, 49, 108, 237 horse(s), 11, 16, 31, 42, 46, 101, 116, 126, 176, 249, 267 lion(s), 24, 25, 102, 219, 220, 278 ox, 75-76, 178, 179 ram, 84

313

313

Index

animal(s)/beast(s) (continued): serpent/snake(s), 13, 17, 44, 52, 56-57, 59, 87, 93, 119, 179, 221, 259, 260 sheep, 31, 108, 260, 282 tortoise, 105, 106, 107 wild boar, 247

wolf, 228, 232-233, 244 See also bird(s)/fowl; insect(s); realm(s), of animals Aniruddha, 184, 187, 188 Anupamā (Matchless), 45 anuttarā samyaksaṃbodhi. See enlightenment, highest/right, perfect Anyi county, 277

Apidamo dapiposha lun, 99, 228, 231, 261, 292n85, 299n177, 300n193 Apitan bajieandu lun, 217 Apitan ganlouwei jing, 5, 288nn14, 15 Apitan piposha lun, 145, 217 araṇya, 152, 299n187 argument(s), 33, 110, 113, 146, 178 in question-and-answer form, 145 arhat(s), 3, 5, 8, 9, 11, 23, 39, 60, 66, 76, 79, 90, 97, 104, 120, 149, 164, 197, 206, 208, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239 See also saint(s)/sainthood arhatship, 8, 18, 43, 71, 72, 74, 77, 85, 104, 168, 185, 188, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 196, 200, 203, 235, 239, 240, 263, 264, 288n14 See also saint(s)/sainthood, four fruits/ four stages of

asceticism/ascetic practices, 17, 44, 61, 251

Aśoka, King, 8, 165, 221, 298 Aśokadattā, 24, 25, 26 aspiration, 19, 25, 66, 72, 94, 205 for bodhi/enlightenment/great, 7, 12, 18, 19, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 33, 47, 70, 182, 194, 204, 206, 235, 236, 239 314

astrology, 209

See also constellation(s) asura(s), 43, 226, 227 Aśvaghoṣa, 131, 176 Atharvaveda. See Vedas, four Atibalavīryaparākrama. See Jingjinli Avalokiteśvara, 127, 128, 129, 222, 271, 272, 273, 276

Avataṃsaka-sūtra. See Garland Sutra awakening, 171, 285 See also enlightenment; realization Ayuwang jing, 298n160 Ayuwang zhuan, 165, 295n125 B

Bailun, 210

Baiyu. See Tanhui

Baiyu jing, 112, 145, 148 Bakkula, 189, 190

Bandhudatta, 207, 208, 211, 212 Banniyuan jing, 291n66 Baochang, xiii

Baocheng, 278

Baode, 18

Baohan, 275

Baohui, 237, 299n181 Baoliang jing/Baoliang juhui, 7, 288n16 Baolin, 172

Baoxing lun, 133, 294n110 Baoyi. See Ratnamati Baoyun, 90

Baoyun jing, 157

Bāvarī, 201, 202, 203, 204 Bei, 204

Beidai, 248

Beidu, 218

Beizhong, 27

Benyuan jing, 290n57 Bhadrapāla, 199

Bhadra Pātaliputra, 192, 193

bhaikṣāka, 97

bhikṣu(s), 19, 39, 40-41, 57, 72, 81-82, 83, 85, 88, 90, 101, 102, 103, 111, 118, 119, 134, 136-138, 139, 140-142, 157, 158, 159, 184, 189, 190-191, 193, 197-199, 204, 229, 230, 233, 235, 237-238, 255, 262-265, 297n153, 299n175

sangha, 17, 197

See also monk(s)

bhikṣuṇī(s), 71-72, 73, 95, 157, 168, 238-239, 285

See also nun(s)

Bian'guang, 26

Bieyi za ahan jing, 288n20 Bimbisāra, King, 234, 238, 239 Bingzhou, 250

Biographies of Eminent Monks, 30, 92, 93, 172, 182, 223, 248, 249, 251, 285 See also Gaoseng zhuan Biography of Buddhayaśas, 88 Biography of the Eminent Monk Faxian, 223

bird(s)/fowl, 22, 23, 29, 44, 55, 59, 87, 101, 119, 120-121, 151, 167, 177, 219, 234, 242, 265, 266, 283-284 crane(s), 74, 178, 179, 274 crow, 16, 76, 77, 119, geese/goose, 166-168, 175, 177, 208, 295n127

kokila, 140

luan, 217

mandarin ducks, 270 owl, 140, 175

peacock(s), 74, 140 pheasant, 265-266

of prey, 140

sparrow, 16, 175

swallow, 257

swans, 74

See also animal(s)/beast(s) Index

birth, 5, 16, 46, 49, 57, 70, 88, 116, 199, 206, 207, 227, 231, 246, 247, 250, 253, 268, 280

four modes of, 244, 305 birth and death, xiii, 23, 27, 32, 33, 34, 38, 39, 42, 43, 63, 64, 77, 79, 87, 104, 105, 125, 126, 132, 133, 148, 149, 154, 160, 199, 242, 255, 263, 281, 285 See also transmigration black arts, 232, 260 Bo Chun, 210, 214

See also Kucha, king of bodhi, 20

aspiration for, 18, 19, 20, 25, 194, 204, 235, 236

tree, 165, 242, 261, 262, 289n38 See also awakening; enlightenment bodhicitta. See aspiration, for bodhi/ enlightenment/great; enlightenment, aspiration for

bodhisattva(s), 3, 5, 25, 26, 34, 63, 97, 113, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 131, 136, 143, 149, 150, 154, 161, 162, 173, 186, 199, 219, 225, 233, 234, 235, 236, 238, 240, 241, 243, 253, 277, 288n14, 298n172 Bodhisattva, 4, 18, 26, 161, 162, 176, 199, 240, 243, 261, 262, 265 See also Buddha

Bodhisattva-piṭaka. See Dapusa zang jing

bodily, verbal, and mental acts, 17, 118, 124, 226, 239, 243

body(s)/bodies, of buddha(s)/Buddha, 82, 123

three, 126, 294n102 Dharma/dharmakāya/self-nature, 153, 158, 170, 294n102

enjoyment/reward, 153, 294n102 material/transformation, 153, 294n102 Bolifuduoluo/Bopofuluo, 201, 297n150 315

Index

Boling, 249

Book of Changes (Yijing), 248, 297n156 Xiang, 131

Book of History (Shujing), 15, 110 Book of Odes (Shijing), 110 Book of Rites (Liji), 248 Brahma, King, 120, 124, 161, 194, 196 Brahmadatta, 200

brahman(s), 17, 18, 19, 23, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 45, 46, 47, 50, 72, 111, 195, 196, 197, 199, 202, 204, 210, 233, 234, 256 family, Brāhṃa-puṇyatva, 161, 199 See also four castes, brāhmaṇa buddha(s), 5, 8, 9, 18, 20, 21, 22, 26, 33, 34, 77, 81, 94, 107, 123, 126, 132, 133, 143, 157, 179, 186, 189, 192, 200, 205, 219, 226, 235, 236, 237, 238, 240, 241, 255, 282, 288n14, 293-294n101 image(s), 69, 70, 118, 134, 278, 282, 283, 286

transformed, 199, 250 See also tathāgata(s) Buddha, 3-5, 6, 7-9, 10-11, 13, 17, 18, 26, 43, 57, 60, 61, 69, 71, 72, 78, 81, 82, 85, 88, 95, 106, 107, 111, 113, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 126, 131, 132, 134, 136-138, 145, 147, 149, 150, 155, 157, 158-159, 160, 162, 163, 164-165, 166, 175, 178, 183, 184, 185, 189, 190, 192, 193, 199, 200, 202-203, 204, 217, 220, 222, 233, 234, 240, 241, 242, 251, 255, 260, 273, 277, 278, 285, 294nn102, 108; 295n120, 297n153 and Āmrapālī, 192

and Ānanda, 22-24, 35, 58-59, 72, 78, 80, 83, 155, 156, 157, 159, 189, 194, 204, 255-256

and Aṅgulimāla, 104

and Aniruddha, 187-188 and Bāvarī, 203-204

316

and Bhadrapāla, 199-200 and the brahman(s), 34-37 and Cūḍapanthaka, 196 and the daughters of the Lun family, 95 and Devadatta, 80, 82 and the five hundred geese, 166-168 image, 176, 220

and Jīvaka, 187

and Kāśyapa, 19-21

and King Ajātaśatru Vaidehiputra, 229 and King Bimbisāra, 234-235, 238-239 and King Prasenajit, 167-168, 193 and King Udayana, 47-54 and Kubjottarā, 163-164 and Māgandiya, 45-47

and Mahākātyāyana, 188-189 and Mañjuśrī, 61-64, 135-136 marks, 45, 203

and Maudgalyāyana, 39, 80, 186, 187, 198

and Miaosheng, 240-241 mind, 8, 48

and Nanda, 82-84, 85

nirvana of, 3, 112, 184, 199 and Puguang, 243

and Rāhula, 194-195, 196, 297n146 relics, 176

and the rhesus monkeys, 239-240 and Śāriputra, 139-140, 260 and Śrīvardhana, 39, 43 and Subāhu, 122-126

and Śuka-Todeyyaputra, 111 teaching(s)/thought/word(s), 25, 33, 36, 98, 131, 149, 190, 259, 280 and Upāli, 190-191

voice, eight superior qualities of, 61 and Yiqieyong, 18-19, 161-162 See also Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha; Great Sage; Sage; Tathāgata; Worldhonored One Buddhabhadra, 223

Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha, 18, 19, 124, 235

See also Three Treasures

buddhahood, 66, 82, 109, 170, 172, 240, 242, 258, 298n172

buddha land(s)/world(s), 19, 20, 68, 200, 243

Flag of Light, 186

buddha-nature, 171

Buddhism, xiii, xiv, xv, 10, 90, 92, 106, 110, 111, 113, 117, 131, 173, 175, 179, 181, 209, 211, 212, 217, 250, 278, 282, 292n84, 293nn90, 91 Chinese/Sinified, xv

Buddhist, xiii, xiv, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 15, 20, 27, 29, 36, 37, 38, 39, 50, 53, 57, 61, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76, 79, 80, 85, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 101, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 125, 126, 131, 133, 135, 136, 138, 139, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 153, 154, 155, 156, 158, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 172, 173, 174, 177, 180, 183, 184, 185, 188, 189, 190, 192, 193, 194, 196, 199, 203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 209, 211, 214, 216, 218, 220, 222, 223, 234, 235, 240, 247, 251, 253, 254, 255, 256, 258, 259, 262, 264, 265, 267, 275, 276, 278, 280, 283, 284, 285, 287n3, 291n74, 293n89, 295n128, 299nn175, 187

Buddhist Dharma, 64, 65, 71, 74, 75, 76, 88, 110, 112, 113, 114, 118, 136, 142, 143, 144, 153, 162, 166, 208, 216, 235, 262, 276

See also Dharma

C

cakravartin. See wheel-turning noble king(s)

Index

calligrapher/calligraphy, 172, 185, 282, 285

can and kui, pp. 97-99, 100-102, 104, 292n84

See also wucan and wukui

caṇḍāla(s), 42, 108, 134, 294n111 Candraprabhā, 72, 73

Candraprabha. See Moonlight cause(s) and condition(s)/cause and effect, 4, 18, 52, 57, 60, 72, 77, 79, 84, 85, 100, 104, 112, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 134, 135, 149, 153, 162, 166, 168, 185, 196, 197, 212, 216, 227 Central Asia, 93, 127, 247 Chang ahan jing, 88, 292n78 See also Āgama sutra(s), Dīrghāgama Chang'an, xiii, 169, 172, 206, 215, 216, 218, 219, 296n129, 298n165 Changguan prefecture, 222 Changshang, 216

Changshu, 127

Chapter on Light and Peaceful Practices, The. See Guangming anxing pin Chen prefecture, 28, 275

Chengdu, 30, 93

Chengshi lun, 153

Chenzhou, 176

Chi, 268, 269

Chidi. See Dharaṇiṃdharo

China, xiv, 91, 93, 204, 206, 211, 213, 214, 215, 217, 221, 222, 244, 247, 289n41

Eastern, 174

See also Middle Kingdom

Chinese, xiv, 89, 91, 93, 94, 95, 110, 173, 175, 176, 178, 179, 180, 181, 211, 221, 222, 223, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 250, 252, 274, 275, 277, 281, 285, 288nn18, 19; 289n35, 290n49, 291nn69, 70, 73, 74; 292n82, 317

Index

Chinese (continued): 293nn96, 99; 296n135, 299nn174, 179-183, 185, 188, 189 character(s)/language, 93, 215, 217, 274, 277, 288nn15, 17, 24; 289nn31-34, 39, 40, 42-44; 290nn45, 46, 50-52, 54; 291nn61, 71, 72; 292nn75-77, 80, 81, 84-88; 293n89, 294n112, 295nn118, 119, 125, 127; 296nn130, 132, 136, 137, 139-141, 143; 297nn145, 148, 151, 152; 298nn162, 168, 169, 171; 299nn177, 184, 190; 300nn194, 202, 203, 207; 301nn209, 213, 214

literature/scripture(s)/sutra(s)/translation(s), xiii, 92, 172, 293nn90, 91 Chujia gongde jing, 65, 66, 78, 290nn56, 59

Chusanzang jiji, 287n2, 298n164 Chuyao jing, 34, 44, 289n32 clairvoyance, 125

See also divine, eye clergy, 37, 38, 61, 69, 74, 93, 97, 98, 99, 133, 152, 153, 176, 249, 267, 277, 278 See also monk(s)

cognition, 143

clear, of the unproduced nature of all existences, 200

right, 227, 228

spontaneous, of former existences, 233, 241

Collected Summaries of All Scriptures. See Zhujing yaoji

compassion(ate) , 6, 8, 10, 24, 42, 48, 55, 118, 123, 139, 150, 156, 179, 199, 259, 303

Confucius, 54, 277 See also nine schools, Confucianism consciousness(es), 23, 42, 56, 94, 111, 114, 119, 133, 181, 243, 282, 298n162 318

constellation(s), 183 Puṣya, 203

See also astrology contemplation(s), 34, 102, 135 See also meditation(s) Cūḍapanthaka, 196, 197, 297n147 Cui Dunli, 250

Cui Yanwu, 249, 250 D

Daban niyuan jing, 294n109 Da baoji jing, 288nn16, 26-28; 290nn55, 60; 291n61, 293n99, 295n124, 296n142

Dabei jing, 22

Da biqiu sanqian weiyi, 111, 134 Dafaju tuoluoni jing, 147 Dafangbian fo baoen jing, 81, 143 Dafangdeng daji jing, 132 Dafangdeng tuoluoni jing, 156 Dafangguang shilun jing, 133, 294n111 Daiyi, 254, 255, 299n189 See also Mahājanaka Danüwen jing. See Sutra on the Virtuous Woman's Questions

Daoan, 205, 213

Daobiao, 216

Daochang, 223

Daochuo, 250

Daoheng, 216

Daohui. See Daosun Daoist, 215, 298n166 See also nine schools, Daoism; yin and yang/yin-yang

Daoji, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281 Daokai, 274, 275

Daoliu, 216

Daorong, 274

Daosheng, 169, 170, 171, 172, 205, 296n129

Daoshi, xiii, xiv, 291n65, 291n67

Daosun, 180, 181, 280, 296n137 Daoxian, 29, 30

Daoxuan, xiii, xiv, 283, 290n56, 291n65, 291n67

Daozheng, 219

Daozong, 180

Dapusa zang jing, 161, 295n124 Daśabhūmi-vibhāṣā-śāstra. See Shizhu piposha lun

Dasheng zhuang yan jinglun. See Da zhuang yan lun Da Tang neidian lu, 287n3 Daweide tuoluoni jing, 58 Dayi jing, 253, 299n188 Dayuan jing, 66, 290n57 Dayueshi kingdom, 9 Da zhidu lun, 178, 180, 288n17, 292nn86, 87; 295n114 See also Mahāprajñāpāramitā-śāstra Dazhi jing. See Dayi jing Dazhuangyan lun, 132 Dazhuangyan lun jing, 11, 106, 292n88, 293n89

defilement(s), 26, 54, 62, 64, 65, 89, 97, 99, 109, 114, 133, 136, 147, 153, 169, 192, 196, 197, 199, 230, 241, 242, 277, 278

deity(ies), 89, 253, 265, 266, 275, 277, 280, 310

See also god(s)

delusion(s), 15,16, 26, 97, 133, 175, 183, 225, 306

demigods. See asura(s) demerits and merits, 44, 62, 64, 104 See also retribution(s), and reward(s) demon(s), 257, 260-261 Śleṣaloma, 260

See also rākṣasa(s)/rākṣasīs; yakṣa(s) Deng Tong, 16

Denüwen jing, 298n164 Index

desire(s), 6, 9, 32, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 70, 71, 78, 79, 84, 85, 87, 100, 101, 102, 116, 119, 120, 124, 148, 153, 184, 192, 202, 241, 249 five, 19, 38, 60, 78, 101, 102, 112, 146, 152

Deva (Tipo), 207, 299n186 Devadatta, 79, 80, 81, 82 Deva-Subhūti, 193, 194 devil(s), 47, 57, 63, 124, 139, 148, 211, 262

king of, 47, 57, 63, 261, 262 See also māra; Māra/Māra-pāpīyān devotee(s), 7

See also lay

believer(s)/laypeople/layperson dhāraṇī(s), 7, 32, 123, 147, 148, 174, 295n119

Dharaṇiṃdharo, 26, 288n28 Dharma, 3, 4, 6, 20, 29, 30, 32-34, 36, 42, 58, 63, 67, 68, 75, 85, 88, 89, 91, 95, 101, 109, 110, 111, 118, 124, 127-158, 160-169, 171, 172, 175, 177, 178, 183, 184, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 200, 203, 204, 206, 208, 209, 210, 211, 217, 218, 235, 236, 238, 240, 242, 259, 262, 264, 271, 278, 279, 280 assembly(ies), 171, 174, 177, 178 drum, 205

excellent/good, 102, 141, 236 eye, 162, 166, 197, 203 gate, 209, 277

gift of/giving, 150-154, 158 great/supreme/wondrous, 24, 25, 62, 107, 155, 163, 177-178, 188, 215 lecture/talk(s), 138, 156 period(s) of:

decadent/last, 110 semblance, 81, 237 319

Index

Dharma (continued):

phrase, 147, 158

pure/wholesome, 56, 118, 139, 143 robe(s), 72, 95, 203

revile/slander/slight, 21, 22, 132, 133, 134, 146, 294n108

preacher(s)/teacher(s), 32, 33, 91, 92, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138-139, 143, 144, 147, 148, 150, 151, 154, 155, 156, 160, 161, 165, 166, 207, 174

profound/subtle, 32, 155, 157, 200 realm, 149, 183

seat, 169, 171, 174, 177 true, 42, 49, 54, 94, 113, 132, 134, 148, 151, 160, 161, 168, 223, 278 wheel, 204

See also Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha; Buddhist Dharma

Dharmacakra-pravartana-sūtra, 209 Dharmaghoṣa, 206

Dharmagupta-vinaya. See Sifen lü Dharma King, 149, 202 See also Buddha

Dharmapadāvadāna-sūtra. See Faju piyu jing

Dharma Prince, 200

See also Mañjuśrī

Dharmavardhana, 42, 43 Dichi. See Chidi

Dichi lun, 133, 294n108 Dīpaṃkara, 235

disciple(s), 18, 24, 39, 40, 41, 48, 57, 67, 68, 76, 81, 83, 85, 87, 88, 91, 93, 95, 98, 112, 131, 135, 136, 137, 144, 149, 155, 159, 168, 170, 172, 183, 184, 185, 186, 188, 189, 191, 193, 201, 202, 203, 205, 208, 211, 212, 220, 234, 240, 247, 248, 249, 254, 257, 275, 281 See also śramaṇa(s)

320

Discourse on Different Tenets (Yizong lun), 172

Discourse on Responding to the Link from Past Existence (Yingyouyuan lun), 170 Discourse on the Buddha Having No Pure Land (Fo wu jingtu lun), 170 Discourse on the Buddha-nature. See Foxing lun

Discourse on the Existence of Buddhanature (Foxing dangyou lun), 170 Discourse on the Nonform of the Dharma kāya (Fashen wuse lun), 170 Discourse on the Treasure Nature. See Baoxing lun

Discourse on Those Who Have Mastered Vajra (Jingang houxin lun), 172 Discourse on the Twofold Truth (Erdi lun), 170

Discourse on Ultimate Reality (Shixiang lun), 217

Discourse on Understanding Thoroughly the Three Periods of Existence (Tong sanshi lun), 216 divine, 89, 127, 148, 164, 168, 179, 181, 183, 244

ear, 125, 241

eye, 60, 125, 187, 188, 241 See also eye(s), Dharma/of wisdom; supernatural power(s) Di Xin, 16

See also Zhou, King

Dizhou, 248

donation(s), 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 17, 50, 76, 103, 113, 121, 125, 134, 151, 154, 160, 165, 192, 237, 245, 255, 258, 279 See also offering(s)

Dongguan, 95, 292n83

Dong Xiong, 276-277

Dongyuan gong, 300n205 See also Four Brilliant Old Men

donor(s), 4, 6, 7, 8, 11-13, 27, 55, 97, 137, 222

See also lay believer(s)/laypeople/ layperson

dragon(s), 30, 52, 93, 170, 205, 219, 221, 259

king(s), 227, 254, 198, 254 Anavatapta, 198

Elāpattra, 227

Susaṃsthita, 227

Duan Da, 278

Duan Gan Mu, 280

Du Bi, 175

Du Churong, 279

Du Daorong, 274

Dunhuang, 176, 274 Duren jing, 68, 69, 291nn64-66 See also Qingxinshi duren jing dynasty(ies)/state(s), 16, 42, 45, 51, 87, 120, 166, 174, 201, 221, 238 Chu, 267, 268, 269 Eastern Jin, 223

Han, xiii, 16, 179, 219, 247, 268, 280, 300n205

Later Han, 215

Jin, 27, 127, 206, 215, 218, 219, 244, 245, 246, 267

Later Qin, 218, 247 Liang, xiii, 93, 172, 223, 248, 287n2 Northern Wei/Yuan-Wei, 173, 174, 248, 293n91Qi, 79, 174, 175 Qin, 247, 300n205 Shang, 16

Six Dynasties period, xiv Song, 28, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 128, 129, 169, 171, 172, 218, 245, 247, 248, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273 Spring and Autumn period, Zheng state, 277

Sui, 17, 29, 30, 88, 175, 176, 177, 249, 278, 279, 300n203 Index

Tang, xiii, xiv, 30, 79, 180, 182, 249, 250, 251, 276, 277, 282, 285, 292n82, 296n135

Warring States period, 269 Wei, 173, 215, 248, 280 Western Jin, 244

Zhao, 274

Zhou, 175, 267

E

eight diagrams, 297n156 eightfold holy path, 57, 166, 196 eight vocal superior qualities, 124 eloquence, 43, 136, 137, 189 emptiness, 97, 124, 136, 168, 192, 212, 219, 241, 242, 244, 279 enlightenment, 3, 26, 72, 104, 154, 157, 162, 170, 172, 181, 183, 204, 261, 264, 293n98

aspiration for, 7, 12, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 33, 47, 70, 182, 239 highest/right, perfect, 4, 18, 25, 26, 65, 126, 135, 156, 199, 204, 225, 235, 238, 239, 240, 253, 262 See also bodhi

eunuchs, 239

evil(s), 12, 16, 28, 33, 34, 36, 38, 48, 54, 56, 61, 66, 80, 82, 88, 97, 99, 100, 102, 103, 104, 109, 112, 117, 120, 121, 144, 149, 154, 164, 165, 195, 196, 202, 219, 225, 229, 234, 239, 241, 244, 262

act(ion)s/conduct/deeds/karma, 27, 28, 42, 48, 62, 99, 157, 197, 229, 236, 238, 241, 281

of men, four kinds of, 49-51 spirits, 41, 48, 90, 94, 98, 136, 219, 293-294n101

of women, 48, 51, 52, 54, 58 world, 21-22

See also realm(s), evil 321

Index

existence(s), 6, 10, 19, 37, 66, 70, 79, 102, 105, 139, 145, 160, 168, 197, 200, 225, 227, 229, 236, 239, 256, 279, 295n120

former/past/previous, 10, 11, 33, 37, 41, 71, 77, 89, 95, 123, 126, 160, 163, 167, 181, 185, 189, 200, 225-226, 227, 229-234, 237-242, 244, 245, 248, 249, 251

future/later/next, 10, 11, 19, 77, 105, 114, 181, 197, 218, 229, 236, 245 three periods of/three transmigratory, 97, 107, 108, 192, 230 See also three realms expedient means, 78, 108, 132, 144, 148, 149, 195, 256

Extensive Essential Points of Buddhist Scriptures. See Neidian boyao extinction, 118, 152 See also nirvana

Extract of the Sarvāstivāda-vinaya, 221 eye(s), 39, 43, 46, 47, 59, 67, 78, 102, 104, 106, 114, 135, 161, 162, 164, 178, 187- 188, 195, 221, 235, 241, 257, 259, 264, 275, 281, 283, 290n53, 300n195

Dharma/of wisdom, 113, 139, 162, 166, 188, 197, 203, 266

evil/malicious, 33, 50 five pure, 3

three types of, 188

See also clairvoyance; divine, eye F

Fabao, 172

Facai, 95

See also Lun family, two daughters of Facheng, 282, 283, 284, 285, 301n211 Faduan, 286

faith, 10, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 30, 33, 37, 322

50, 73, 109, 115, 120, 123, 131, 133, 146, 152, 154, 160, 175, 180, 221 Faju piyu jing, 34, 118, 147, 162, 289nn33, 34; 290n48

Fandeng, 247

Fangdeng niyuan jing, 221 Fangguang boruo jing, 211 Fanwang jing, 155

Faqin, 216

Faxian, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223 Faxin, 285, 286

Fayan, 177, 178, 179 Fayu, 94

Fayuan, 95

See also Lun family, two daughters of Fayuan jing, xiii

Fayuan zhulin, xiii-xv, 287nn4, 5; 291n65, 292n82, 295n113, 296n140 Fazhen, 252

Fei Chongxian, 172

Fenbie gongde lun, 183, 184, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 196, 296nn141, 143; 297nn145, 146, 148

Fenzhou, 251

five-colored light, 96 five feelings, 101

five fields of studies, 209 five skandhas, 166, 243 Five Thearchs, 280

flower(s), 8, 9, 12, 41, 59, 79, 87, 93, 137, 139, 157, 163, 180, 181, 182, 193, 234, 235, 236, 239, 250, 256, 264, 296n139

lotus, 81, 123, 199, 228, 237, 250 Fo benxingji jing, 136, 138 forbearance, 15, 48, 117, 135, 195, 196, 253, 259, 266, 281

Forest of Pearls from the Dharma Garden, A. See Fayuan zhulin

Foshuo chuchu jing, 240 Foshuo huaju tuoluonizhou jing, 7 Foshuo shiziyue fo bensheng jing, 233 Foshuo taizi hexiu jing, 293nn99, 100 Foshuo taizi shuahu jing, 122 Foshuo wuweinü jing, 24, 288n26 See also Wuweide pusa hui Foshuo youtianwang jing, 289n37 Fotudeng, 205

Four Brilliant Old Men, 280, 300n205 See also Dongyuan gong; Qili Ji; Xiahuang gong; Yongli xiansheng four castes, 88, 89

brāhmaṇa, 88

kṣatriya, 88, 91, 134, 262, 294n111 śūdra, 88

vaiśya, 88

See also brahman(s); caṇḍāla(s) four categories of Buddhists/disciples, 93, 135, 180, 183

See also layman/laymen; laywomen/lay women; monk(s); nun(s) four continents, 66, 79, 185 Jambudvīpa, 8, 42, 74, 84, 85, 154, 198, 204, 237, 241

four fruit(s)/four stages of sainthood, 5, 14, 56, 104, 112, 207, 210, 262, 263, 264, 265

anāgāmi-phala, 5, 9, 104, 200, 204, 211, 239, 263, 299n14 sakṛdāgāmi-phala, 5, 9, 104, 200, 210, 263, 299n14

srota-āpatti-phala, 4, 5, 9, 47, 104, 159, 164, 166, 167, 200, 207, 229, 263, 299n14

See also arhatship; saint/sainthood four great seas, 88, 185 four heavenly kings, 78, 80, 202, 255 four kinds of favors, 253 four kinds of unhindered speech, 189 Index

Four Noble Truths, 166, 168, 193 four reliances, 114

four requisites, 79, 185, 189 four virtuous faculties. See mūrdhaavasthā Foxing lun, 294n110

Fozang jing, 67, 139, 291n62 Fufazang jing/Fufazang yinyuan zhuan, 76

Fu Jian, 213-214

Fujin-guangming, 240

Fuling, 129

Fu Wanshou, 271

Fuxi, 277

See also Three Augusts Fuyang county, 251

G

Gan Fu, 219

Gan Jiang, 268-269

Gansu province, 89, 176, 214, 275 Gaodu, 176

Gaoseng zhuan, 274, 292nn79-81; 296nn130, 131; 298nn163, 165, 168, 169, 171

Liang gaoseng zhuan, 93, 172, 223, 248 Song gaoseng zhuan, xiii, 287n9 Tang gaoseng zhuan, 30, 182, 249, 251, 285

Xu gaoseng zhuan, 30, 289n31, 296nn132, 133, 136-139; 300nn202, 203, 206, 207; 301nn208-214 See also Biographies of Eminent Monks garden(s)/grove(s), 81, 103, 227, 228, 233, 234, 262, 265-266, 279 Andhavana, 194

Kalandaka Bamboo Garden, 233 Majestic Grove Garden, 205 Peripatetic Garden, 215, 218 Garland Sutra, 32, 149, 174, 175 323

Index

gāthā. See verse(s), four-line/gāthā Gautama, 22, 23

See also Buddha

Gavāṃpati, 184, 185, 240 ghaṇṭā (bell), 134 Gleanings of Anecdotes of Rewards and Retributions from the Unseen World, 252, 277

god(s)/goddesses, 25, 30, 55, 59, 84, 92, 175, 190, 254, 255, 256, 267, 280 See also deity(ies) good/goodness, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 15, 16, 28, 32, 33, 46, 56, 61, 66, 67, 72, 74, 86, 87, 97, 121, 165, 200, 225, 241 acts/conduct/deeds/karma, 37, 42, 111, 115, 116, 117, 118, 134, 149, 150, 170, 197, 229, 236, 241, 244, 246, 248, 284

blessings/omen(s)/response(s)/signs, 14, 175, 177, 179, 181, 182, 215, 250, 251

fortune, 15, 16, 58, 205, 214, 288n21 intention(s)/mind/thought, 48, 104, 125, 235

Gold City, 254

gotra family, 122, 293n98 Grand Astrologer, 213 Grand Master, 269 Grand Mentor, 47, 244 Grand Scribe, 16 Grand Shrine, 90 Great Sage, 97, 109, 186, 277 See also Buddha; Sage Great Sutra on Conditions. See Dayuan jing

Guangdong province, 95, 275 Guang hongming ji, xiii, 287nn4, 6; 290n54

Mile zan (Praise to Maitreya), 297n154 Guangling, 94, 271 324

Guangming anxing pin, 129, 294n104 Guangzhou, 222

Guanshiyin jing. See Sutra on Avalokiteśvara Guanzhong, 169, 171, 213, 215, 247 Guiji, 27

Gu Mai, 271, 272 Guṇavarman, 91, 92, 93 Guo Linzong/Guo Tai, 172 Guo Wenyi, 278

Guxiaoshuo gouchen, xv Guzang, 214

Guzhang, 248

H

hall(s), 34, 35, 38, 90, 138, 175, 180, 249, 250, 268, 280, 282, 283 Buddha Hall, 170 Garland Hall, 282 Good Dharma Lecture Hall, 184 See also monastery(ies)/temple(s) Han Hui, 272-273 Han Ping, 269-270 Han Xuan, 267

Happiness/Huanle/Huanlewuyou, 253, 299n188

harītakī fruit, 189 heaven(s)/Heaven, 15, 16, 19, 26, 44, 47, 56, 73, 78, 79, 80, 84, 85, 93, 98, 100, 104, 110, 118, 120, 124, 150, 151, 157, 164, 165, 167, 168, 171, 179, 184, 185, 190, 193, 202, 205, 213, 217, 229, 236, 237, 238, 256, 279, 280, 288n21, 293-294n101, 297nn145, 156

Brahma, 198

king of, 124, 161 Huayingsheng/Paranirmitavaśavartin, 78, 80, 150, 193 meditation, first, 120

Nirmāṇarati, 78 of the realm of desire, six, 79, 120, 184, 202

sixth, 47, 78

of the realm of form, eighteen, 184 Śuddhāvāsa, 184, 266 Trāyastriṃśa, 26, 66, 76, 78, 84, 167, 184, 228, 229, 259 Tuṣita, 78, 90, 236, 240, 284, 297n157 white maṇi, 19

Yama, 78

heavenly, 12, 59, 84, 85, 167, 199, 204, 228, 236, 250

being(s), 8, 19, 25, 61, 66, 73-74, 79, 84, 92, 98, 116, 121, 136, 145, 160, 162, 167, 197, 202-203, 205, 227, 230, 233, 234, 236, 239 god(s), 30, 55, 59 realm(s), 225, 226, 230, 231 See also four heavenly kings Hebei province, 128, 169, 249, 268, 275 Hebu jin'guangming jing, 153 Hedong, 276, 277, 278, 279, 285 Hejian, 128

hell(s), 31, 40, 41, 42, 48, 49, 51, 60, 66, 71, 72, 78, 80, 81, 82, 85, 104, 107, 120, 121, 140, 144, 160, 177, 195, 226, 227, 230, 233, 236, 237, 239, 293-294n101

Avīci, 49, 80, 81, 134, 196, 200, 237, 239

Duipu, 159

eighteen divisions of, 237 great, 40, 41, 237 Lotus, 81

Raurava, 229

Henan province, 28, 174, 176, 177, 178, 246, 251, 269, 275 hermitage. See araṇya Hinayana, 18, 25, 149, 154, 207, 209, 212, 216

Index

Hongjue, 247, 248 Hou Hanji, 300n198 householder(s), 61-65, 80, 100, 109, 111, 118, 249-250, 291n61 See also lay believer(s)/laypeople/lay person; secular Huangfu Wuyi, 278 Huanle/Huanlewuyou, 253, 299n188 Huashou jing, 157 Huainan area, 94 Huayan jing. See Garland Sutra Hubei province, 128, 218, 223, 245, 272 Huiguan, 171

Huiguo, 92

Huihe, 272

Huijing, 219

Huirui, 169, 296n129 See also Sengrui Huisheng, 172

Huiwei, 219

Huiyan, 169, 171 Huiyi, 171

Huiying, 219

Huiyong, 252

Huiyuan, 173, 176, 177, 216 Hunan province, 273 hungry ghost(s), 107, 121, 226, 227, 229, 232, 237, 239, 293n101 hymns (bhāṣā), 69, 112, 113, 134, 139, 174

I

icchantikas, 17, 170, 171, 172 incense, 12, 79, 137, 156, 157, 163, 173, 174, 176, 193, 220, 239, 256, 264, 275, 282, 283, 285 See also offering(s) India(n), 90, 173, 206, 210, 211, 217, 219, 245, 246, 294n111, 298nn161, 166; 299n186

325

Index

India(n) (continued): Central, 173, 174, 221 Southern, 201

See also Western Region Indian language, 206, 221 See also Sanskrit insect(s), 40-41, 42, 51, 52, 104, 159, 160, 186, 189, 259 ants, 159

fire bee, 260

fly(ies)/gadflies, 31, 44, 104 gouzui, 160

mosquito(es), 13, 104 moth, 44, 54

See also animal(s)/beast(s) J

Jambi. See Yepoti Java. See Yepoti Jiang Fei, 213 Jiangling, 218 Jiangsu province, 29, 170, 218, 271, 275 Jianye, 91, 275 Jiashe jing, 66, 151, 290n60 Jiazhou

Jimo, 180

Jin'an, king of. See Zixun Jingdu sanmei jing, 104 Jingjinli, 119, 293n96 Jinglü yixiang, xiii, xiv, 296n142, 297n149, 299n191, 300n196 Jingyin, 92

Jinshu, 299n186 Jinzhou, 181

Ji shenzhou sanbao gantong lu, 292n83 Jiujing yisheng baoxing lun, 18, 132 Jiuse lu jing, 288n25 Jiu zapiyu jing, 168 Jīvaka, 187

Jizhou, 175, 247 326

Jujiali. See Kokālika Julu, 169

K

Kāla, 164, 165 Kalandaka, 233, 234 Kālayaśas, 94

kalpa(s), 7, 8, 18, 20, 23, 34, 66, 72, 79, 80, 81, 82, 88, 98, 105, 106, 107, 110, 126, 131, 155, 161-162, 187, 189, 199, 200, 225, 230, 235, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242 auspicious, 26 great, 80, 240 "great light" (mahāprabhāsa), 240 trikalpa-asaṃkhyeya, 225, 298n172 Kalpanā-maṇḍitikā. See Dazhuangyan lun jing

kalyāṇamitra, 65, 141 Kang, King, 94, 269-270 Kangju, 29, 247 Kapilavastu, 82, 83 Karashahr, 213 karma/karmic, 15, 16, 38, 42, 58, 107, 115, 122, 150, 163, 167, 225, 231, 236, 238, 298n161 Kashgar, 208, 209 Kashmir/Kaśmīra, 90-91, 120, 207, 208 Kāśi, 86, 221, 260 king of, 85-87 See also Vārāṇasī Kāśyapa, 19, 21, 82, 184, 220 Kāśyapa (buddha), 72, 80, 168 Kāśyapa-sūtra. See Jiashe jing Kātyāyanīputra, 217 Kauśāmbī, 45, 238 Kawaguchi, Yoshiteru, xiii, xiv, 287n11 King of Brahma Heaven, 124, 161, 196-197

King of Light, 186, 187 Kirgiz. See Kangju Kokālika, 81, 239 Kominami, Ichirô, xiii Kong Mo, 96

Kou, 171

Krakucchanda, 80, 238, 305 Kṣudraka-piṭaka, 208, 297n159 See also Āgama sutra(s); Zazang jing Kubjottarā, 163, 164, 165 Kucha, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 213, 214 king of, 206, 209, 210, 211, 213, 214 Kumāradatta, 206 Kumārajīva, 169, 206-218, 298n165 Kumārayāna, 206, 207 Kumuda, 55

Kuru, 45

Kuśalamūla-saṃgraha. See Huashou jing

L

Lailizha/Lita, 41, 289n35 laity, 74, 277 See also lay believer(s)/laypeople/ layperson

Laizhou, 180

lake/pond(s), 25, 47, 106, 107, 167, 228, 237, 259, 265, 271 Lake Anavatapta, 88 Landian/Landian county, 282 Langye, 245

Lanling, 90

Laoshan, 222

Laozi daode jing, 293n97, 294n107, 300n204

lay believer(s)/laypeople/layperson, 7, 23, 27, 28, 31, 34, 37, 38, 41, 69, 72, 74, 90, 93, 97, 104, 109, 110, 111, 113, 118, 133, 139, 152, 153, 169, 171, 174, 176, 177, 191, 193, 216, 267, 280 See also donor(s); householder(s) Index

layman/laymen, 10, 68, 93, 94, 135, 156, 172, 180, 237, 249, 253, 272, 277, 278, 284

See also upāsaka(s) laywoman/laywomen, 48, 93, 135, 180 See also upāsikā(s) Li/Li family, 174, 245 Lian, 245, 246, 274 Liangzhou, 89, 214 liberation, 7, 38, 57, 62, 69, 71, 78, 107, 108, 121, 123, 132, 191, 197, 204, 205, 241, 256, 303, 307, 312 licentious(ness), 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 58, 60, 70, 85, 86, 87, 118, 119, 123 See also sensuality Lidai sanbao ji, 287n3 Ligou, 26

Li Guang, 268

Li Jingxuan, 276, 277 Linchuan, 94

Lingjiang, 213 Linxiang county, 28 lion seat, 135, 170, 211 Liu Bin, 128

Liu Hu, 272

Liu Jingwen, 128 Liu Shanjing, 251 Liu Xiang, 268 Liu Yikang, 294n103 Liu Yiqing. See Kang, King Liu Zhan, 128, 294n103 Li Xiantong, 276, 300 Li Yan, xiii

Li Yi, 222

Longxi, 215

Lotus Sutra, 247, 248, 249, 282, 284, 285, 286

"Chapter of the Universal Gate," 276 Lu Chu, 278

Lüe, 247, 248

Lü Guang, 213-215 327

Index

Lü Long, 215

Lun, 292n83

Lun family, daughters of, 93-94 See also Facai; Fayuan Lunyu, 290n47, 294n105 Luoyang, xiii, 127, 177, 270 Luozhou, 177

Lu Wenli, 250

Lu Xun, xv

M

Ma family, 251, 252 Madhyamaka-śāstra. See Zhong lun Magadha, 221

Māgandiya, 45

Mahājanaka, 253

Mahākaruṇā-sutra. See Dabei jing Mahākātyāyana, 189 Mahāmaudgalyāyana/Maudgal yā yana, 39, 40, 41, 42, 80, 81, 87, 185, 186, 187, 191, 198, 199 mahāparinirvāṇa/parinirvāṇa, 126, 162, 307

See also nirvana

Mahāprajñāpāramitā-śāstra, 8, 178, 180 See also Da zhidu lun Mahāprajñāpāramitā-sūtra, 216, 248 Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya. See Mohe sengqi lü

mahāsattva, 211, 253, 306 Mahāsthāmaprāpta, 129 Mahāvaipulya-mahāsaṃnipāta-sūtra. See Dafangdeng daji jing Mahayana, 18, 32, 133, 134, 150, 155, 200, 209, 210, 211, 212, 216, 217, 258, 282, 294n109

Mahāyāna-saṃgrahōpanibandhana. See She dasheng lunshi Mahāyānasaṃgraha. See She dasheng lun

328

Mahīśāsakanikāya-pañca varga-vinaya. See Mishasai bu hexi wufen lü Maitreya, 26, 88, 90, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 238, 240, 279, 297n154 Manifesto to Evil Spirits (Ximowen), 172 maṇi gems/maṇi-ratna(s), 236, 254, 267, 278, 279

Mañjuśrī, 61, 64, 135, 136, 199, 200 Mañjuśrīpariprcchā. See Wenshu[shili] wen jing

māra, 211, 262

See also devil(s)

Māra/Māra-pāpīyān, 57, 261, 262 See also devil(s), king of mark(s), 103

of physical excellence, 45, 123, 191, 200, 203, 204, 205 eighty minor, 45, 123, 204 thirty-two, 45, 123, 204, 205 mātaṅga, 136

meditation(s), 29, 75, 81, 82, 89, 90, 93, 94, 102, 111, 150, 171, 200, 207, 210, 231, 233, 235, 253, 266 heaven, first, 120 in which mental functions are completely annihilated, 184 master, 94, 223, 248 room(s), 29, 111

See also contemplation(s) merit(s), 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 19, 20, 26, 35, 38, 39, 59, 64, 66, 67, 70, 79, 85, 91, 98, 126, 151, 152, 154, 157, 160, 163, 165, 188, 189, 203, 204, 221, 234, 237, 238, 251, 253, 255, 258, 264, 284, 292n87 field(s) of, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 24, 32, 38, 69, 75, 97, 98, 113, 226, 304

Miaosheng, 240-241, 299n183 Middle Kingdom, 122 See also China

Miji jingang lishi hui/Miji jingang lishi jing, 186, 296n142

Milan, king of, 213

Milinda, King, 120

Milindapañha. See Naxian biqiu wenfo jing

Min, 245, 246

mind(s), 4, 8, 9, 12, 17, 19, 20, 23, 25, 26, 32, 33, 34, 37, 38, 50, 53, 57, 59, 60, 61, 63, 68, 79, 82, 91, 98, 100, 102, 103, 104, 110, 114, 117, 126, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140, 143, 144, 148, 150, 152, 156, 162, 168, 179, 180, 183, 184, 187, 192, 193, 194, 196, 197, 213, 218, 221, 225, 227, 232, 233, 242, 245, 253, 256, 259, 262, 263, 266, 270, 275, 283, 290nn52, 53 agitated/of fluctuations/troubled/unstable, 12, 136, 139, 156, 188 of attachment, 60, 85, 86, 192 benevolent/compassionate/merciful, 6, 7, 8, 48, 118, 144, 158

of bhikṣu(s)/disciple(s)/renunciants/śrāvaka, 4, 25, 61-62, 63, 68, 70 Buddha's, 8, 48

calm/immovable/peaceful/stable, 27, 65, 89, 123, 157, 204, 211, 262, 295n122 control of/regulating, 98, 101, 105, 157, 160, 257

correct/diligent/honest/respectful/of reverence, 6, 63, 112, 143, 152, 155, 158, 197

defilements/dust of/stained, 26, 98, 133, 278

deluded/of disrespect/of envy/haughtiness of/jealous/thoughtless, 8, 33, 72, 133, 151, 186

of emptiness, 136, 192

of enlightenment/to follow prajñā, 25, 126, 136

of equality, 13, 123, 200 Index

evil/malicious, 80, 82, 196, 281 expansive/lofty/profound/superior/ supreme, 4, 8, 27, 147, 160, 217, 253 of householders, 61-62

liberated, 73, 197, 199, 239 pure/wholesome, 5, 19, 73, 122, 133, 136, 151, 155, 160, 167, 169, 217, 235, 239, 254

woman's/women's, 56, 58, 59, 232-233, 264

mindfulness, 17, 104

Ming, Emperor (r. 57-75), 215 of the Jin dynasty, 267

Mingbao ji. See Records of Rewards and Retributions from the Unseen World Mingbao shiyi. See Gleanings of Anecdotes of Rewards and Retributions from the Unseen World

Mingxiang ji. See Records of the Profoud and Auspicious

miracle story(ies), xiv, xv, 27, 89, 127, 169, 205, 244, 267, 287n10, 310 Mishasai bu hexi wufen lü, 88, 221, 260 Mohe jiashe hui. See Jiashe jing Mohe sengqi lü, 66, 221, 256, 290n58 monastery(ies)/nunnery/temple(s), 11, 20, 27, 30, 33, 39, 76, 83, 94, 95, 125, 134, 159, 170, 171, 172, 175, 177, 179, 180, 208, 211, 219, 245, 250, 256, 264, 279, 281, 282, 283, 296n137 Dajue Temple, 174, 175

Daochang Temple

Dragon Light/Longguang Temple, 169, 170, 172

Great Temple, 216

Green Garden Temple, 169, 170 Heavenly King Temple, 221 Huqiu Temple, 248

Jeta Grove Monastery, 72, 162, 166, 190, 194, 198

Jingying Temple, 176, 177 329

Index

monastery(ies)/nunnery/temple(s) (continued): Jingzhong Temple, 30 Fuyuan Temple, 173 Longmen Temple, 286 Lower Dingling Temple, 93 Nigrodhārāma, 82 Pujiu Temple, 277, 278 Qidi Temple, 248 Qinglong (Blue Dragon) Monastery, xiii Qingni Temple, 284 Qiyuan Temple, 91, 92, 93 Renshou Temple, 176, 180 Śahra Great Temple, 206 Shanying Temple, 178 Shengguang Temple, 180 Wangxiao Temple, 282 Wangxin Temple, 211 Wudang Temple, 245 Wuzhen Temple, 282 Xianyi Temple, 175 Ximing Monastery, xiii, xiv Xin Temple, 218, 223 Xuanzhong Temple, 250 Yanxing Temple, 175, 176 Yingfu Temple, 92 Zhaode Buddhist Temple, 275 Zhenji Temple, 177, 178 Zhili Monastery, 251, 252 Zhiyuan Temple, 89 Zhongzao Temple, 272 Zhulin Temple, 29 monk(s), xiv, 3, 7, 10, 11, 13, 27, 29, 56, 57, 61, 68, 70, 82, 83, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 97, 104, 109, 110, 111, 119, 134, 135, 138, 158, 159, 166, 167, 169, 171, 174, 175, 177, 180, 183, 184, 190, 206, 207, 208, 210, 216, 219, 220, 221, 222, 226, 245, 247, 248, 251, 252, 272, 279, 280, 283, 330

284, 286, 295n128, 296n129, 298n166, 299n186 See also bhikṣu(s) Moonlight, 26

moral(s)/morality, 9, 69, 294n111 moral conduct/practices/principles, 12, 49, 80, 91, 238 See also precepts; śīla mountain(s)/valley(s), 29, 30, 41, 42, 43, 52, 84, 96, 111, 119, 149, 161, 162, 164, 171, 176, 181, 198, 199, 204, 217, 219, 220, 234, 235, 236, 237, 242, 248, 250, 262, 265, 268, 269, 274, 275, 279, 282, 283, 284, 289n41, 301n211 Cakravāḍaparvata, 20 Himalayas, 199

Immortal Mountain, 86 Mount Anabo, 84, 291n74 Mount Diamond Treasure, 149 Mount Gṛdhrakūṭa/Vulture Peak, 200, 203, 204, 219, 220, 234 Mount Guankou, 29 Mount Huqiu, 170 Mount Kunlun, 247, 248 Mount Lang, 248 Mount Lu, 169, 171 Mount Luofu, 275 Mount Min, 30

Mount Niutou, 29 Mount Shang, 300n205 Mount Sumeru, 7, 20, 38, 66, 79, 105, 185, 198, 255, 262 Mount Tai, 52

Mount Zhongnan, 282 Northern Hill, 208 Pamirs, 206, 210, 219 Zhongshan, 248

Ziwu Valley, 181 mountain vehicle, 52, 289n41 Mo Ye, 268-269

Moye jing, 108

mūrdha-avasthā, 202 N

Nāgārjuna, 131, 308 Nāgasena, 120, 121 Namas. See Devadatta name and form, 212 Nan'an, 275

Nanda, 82-87

Nandika/Nandiya, 191-192, 297n144 Nanhai, 275

Nanjing, 91, 169, 171, 271, 272 Nanjun, 128

Nanshi, 294n103

Naxian biqiu wenfo jing, 120 née Huang, mother of Tandi, 247 née Liu, wife of Xiao Sihua, 90 Neidian boyao, xiii, 287n3 net, 44, 49, 98, 119, 167 of attachment, 60

of desire, 49, 50, 53 Niepan ji. See Records of Nirvana nine schools, 176, 296n134 Daoism, 296n134

Confucianism, 296n134 Farming, 296n134

Legalism, 296n134

Nominalism, 296n134 Miscellaneous Thoughts, 296n134 Mohism, 296n134

Political Strategists, 296n134 Yin-Yang, 296n134

nirvana, 3, 6, 17, 19, 24, 57, 66, 68, 69, 79, 81, 102, 112, 118, 120, 133, 148, 151, 154, 160, 162, 163, 183, 184, 185, 199, 200, 237, 242, 295n122, 299n175 great, 162, 165

thirty-seven practices for, 264 See also extinction; mahā pari nirvāṇa/ parinirvāṇa; wuwei Index

Nirvāṇa-sūtra, 17, 21, 64, 98, 108, 111, 112, 117, 133, 144, 162, 170, 171, 175, 176, 180, 223, 233, 293nn92, 94; 294n109, 295n116, 299n178 nonarising, 109

nonattachment, 132 non-Buddhist(s), xiv, 15, 37, 70, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 131, 135, 139, 145, 172, 184, 189, 196, 208, 209, 235, 267, 299n175

nonduality, 244

nonreturner. See four fruit(s)/four stages of sainthood, anāgāmi-phala nonself/no self, 166, 210 novice(s), 11, 12-13, 87, 88, 191, 208, 209, 247, 275

nun(s), 71, 92, 93, 94, 95, 135, 173, 180, 206, 207, 210, 278, 285, 286, 303, 305, 309

See also bhikṣuṇī(s) O

offense(s), 113, 114, 129, 144, 273 grave/great/heinous, 56, 109 minor, 109, 156

of probation, 56

See also donation(s) offering(s), 4, 6, 26, 32, 33, 40, 59, 66, 74, 90, 137, 156, 157, 158, 163, 165, 185, 189, 199, 202, 208, 229, 234, 236, 238, 239, 245, 254, 255, 256, 264, 265, 275 once-returner. See four fruit(s)/four stages of sainthood, sakṛdāgāmi-phala One Vehicle, 149

Ouyang, 271

P

Padmagarbha, 237

palace(s)/pavilions, 24, 47, 55, 73, 84, 86, 90, 166, 201, 208, 210, 211, 228, 236, 245, 262, 278, 292n83 331

Index

palace(s)/pavilions (continued): Jianzhang Palace, 213 Maṇi Palace, 205, 297n157 Western Light Pavilion, 215 Palembeng. See Yepoti Pāli, 184, 288nn18, 19 Pañcāla, 166

Panyu, 275

pāramitās, six, 3, 152, 161, 192, 238 parinirvāṇa. See mahāparinirvāṇa/ parinirvāṇa; nirvana Pāṭaliputra, 221

path(s), 32, 33, 37, 38, 44, 47, 50, 51, 57, 84, 127, 183, 202, 225, 237, 240 of arhatship, 72, 168, 191, 196, 240 of birth and death, 105, 242 dark/of darkness, 38, 110 to enlightenment/highest, 20, 65, 126, 199, 200, 293n98

right, 33, 34, 45, 54, 80 of the sakṛdāgāmi-phala, 9 of the srota-āpatti-phala, 47, 164, 166, 305

of supernatural powers, 240, 243 See also eightfold holy path Pei Ji/Pei Xuanzhen, 279 Pengcheng, 218

Peng Ziqiao, 273, 274 physiognomist/physiognomy, 16, 73, 200-201

Piliudili, 79, 291n70 Pingchang, 271

Piṅgiya, 203

Pingxiang, 174

Pinimu jing/Pinimu lun, 70, 291n67, 295n115

Pini taoyao, 291n67 Pinyang prefecture, 218 pippala fruit, 289n38 Pitan lun. See Apitan piposha lun Posha lun, 230

332

Potalaka. See Bolifuduoluo/Bopofuluo poverty, 4, 5, 6, 10, 15, 16, 25, 44, 65, 115, 121

practice(s), 75, 91, 109, 112, 117, 123, 126, 131, 149, 154, 162, 165, 192-193, 207, 216, 225, 250, 258, 264, 265, 266, 281, 285, 299n175 ascetic, 44, 251

bodhisattva, 34, 253 brahmanical, 299n175 of forbearance, 195, 196, 266 moral/of the precepts/pure/right, 12, 33, 66, 80, 133, 230, 238, 266 thirty-seven, for attaining nirvana, 264 prajñā, 136, 266, 282 See also wisdom

Prajñāpāramitā-sūtra, 282 See also Mahāprajñāpāramitā-sūtra Prasenajit, King, 162, 166, 167, 193 pratyekabuddha(s), 5, 7, 8, 9, 18, 25, 79, 80, 81, 134, 149, 164, 229, 288n14 preacher, 135, 137, 138, 139, 143, 144, 147, 148, 150, 151, 153, 154, 155, 156, 160, 161, 165, 166, 174 precept(s), 9, 19, 37, 38, 39, 42, 56, 57, 66, 67, 69 71-72, 79, 84, 85, 90, 91, 92, 100, 102, 112, 118, 124, 129, 136, 138, 140, 150, 152, 154, 165, 168, 190, 191, 194, 195, 196, 197, 208, 210, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 253, 256, 258, 259, 266, 278, 283, 285 bodhisattva, 173

eight, of abstinence, 73 five, 70, 72, 74, 90, 154, 235, 236, 238, 256-257

of monks/five hundred, 61, 91 laypeople/upāsaka, 4, 72 non-Buddhist, 299n175 for nuns, 92, 207

pure, 78, 118, 237 six important, 156

ten wholesome, 67, 87 See also śīla; Vinaya principle(s), 91, 110, 113, 140, 193, 209, 210, 211, 215, 225, 298n166 first, 183, 243-244 profound/ultimate, 92, 109, 175, 206, 216

Priyadarśana (Xijian), 209 Puban, 279

Puguang, 243, 299n185 pure land(s)/Pure Land, 200, 250 of the nine grades, 285 See also buddha lands/worlds Pure Land Buddhism, 250 purification, 17, 92, 118, 173, 206, 255, 271, 282, 286, 299n175 Pūrṇamukha, 85

Pusa benxing jing, 7 Pusa chutai jing. See Pusa cong doushutian jiang shenmutai shuo guangpu jing

Pusa cong doushutian jiang shenmutai shuo guangpu jing, 105, 240, 299n184

Pusa dichi lun, 113 Pusa shanjie jing, 113 Pusazang hui. See Dapusa zang jing Puṣkarāvatī City, 9, 10 Puṣpakūṭa-dhāraṇī. See Foshuo huaju tuoluonizhou jing Puṣyadeva, 207

Puyo, king of, 16 Puzhou, 175, 180, 277 Q

Qianbu, 213

Qianna, 9-11, 288n18 Qiezha, 174, 229, 299n174 Qili Ji, 300n205

See also Four Brilliant Old Men Qinghai province, 275 Index

Qinghua, 177

Qingxinshi duren jing, 67, 291n63 See also Duren jing Qingzhou, 222

Qiwu lun, 297n155 Qizhou, 250

Queweizhu, 272

Quheli. See Kokālika R

Rāhula, 87, 194-196, 297n146 Rājagṛha, 25, 39, 41, 43, 200, 203, 219, 228, 229, 233, 234 rākṣasa(s)/rākṣasīs, 12, 43, 148, 256-258, 266 Ratnagotravibhāga-mahāyānōttara tan traśāstra. See Jiujing yisheng baoxing lun Ratnamati, 173-174 See also Baoyi

Ratnamegha-sūtra. See Baoyun jing Raudrākṣa, 202

realization, 75, 91, 132, 169, 247, 250, 262, 264

See also awakening; enlightenment realm(s), 8, 18, 44, 56, 57, 79, 98, 100, 104, 109, 151, 160, 226, 227, 229, 231, 233, 235, 241, 293-294n101 of animals, 107, 121, 160, 167, 168, 226, 232, 234, 236, 237, 239, 293-294n101 Dharma, 149, 183

eighteen, 166, 184, 304 evil, 12, 44, 50, 71, 78, 79, 100, 103, 104, 107, 108, 118, 124, 155, 200 eight, 124, 293-294n101 three, 24, 52, 56, 66, 80, 104, 110, 121, 145, 191, 230, 231, 237 five, 77, 129, 148, 183, 226, 227, 231 four, 226, 227, 231 heavenly/of heavenly beings, kings, 8, 19, 78, 225, 226, 227, 230, 231 333

Index

realm(s) (continued): of hungry ghosts, 107, 121, 226, 229, 232, 237, 239, 293-294n101 six, 65, 97, 241, 244 upper and lower, 227, 228 See also three realms rebirth, 70, 75, 85, 125, 145, 165, 167, 199, 229, 231, 236, 237, 238, 241, 284, 285, 294n101 See also birth and death; transmigration Records of Inquiries of the Spirits, 271, 288n25

Records of Nirvana, 172 Records of Resentful Spirits of Those Who Died Unreasonably, 267 Records of Rewards and Retributions from the Unseen World, xiv, 250, 286, 300n200

Records of the Profound and Auspicious, xiv, 29, 96, 129, 173, 247, 276 relic(s), 165, 176, 178 retribution(s), 15, 19, 31, 34, 36, 40, 41, 42, 58, 104, 170, 172, 229 and reward(s), 15, 27, 28, 56, 61, 104, 197, 225, 226, 236, 244, 250, 267 Ṛgveda. See Vedas, four river(s), 22-23, 25, 29, 30, 39, 119, 176, 204, 219, 230, 242, 248, 255, 266, 270, 271, 279, 299n175 Eastern River, 213 four, 43, 198

Ganges River(s), 5, 20, 21, 22, 23, 107, 151, 240

Hiraṇyavatī River, 21 Indus River, 207

Yangzi River, 271 Yellow River, 210 robe(s), 39, 61, 69, 72, 82, 95, 102, 109, 170, 185, 186, 191, 203, 204, 250, 279 kaṣāya, 68, 69, 70, 81, 101, 137, 159, 173, 235

334

nivāsana, 68

saṃghāṭī, 30

saṃkakṣikā, 68, 198 Rong, 247

Roruka, 72

Rulai suoshuo si bukeqing. See Sutra of Four Things That You Should Not Make Light Of Spoken by the Tathāgata Runan prefecture, 269 Ruzhou, 178

S

Saddharma-smṛtyupasthāna. See Zhengfanian chu jing sage(s), 3, 5, 6, 56, 98, 163, 203, 225, 244, 277, 282

Sage, 28, 57, 97, 109, 131, 183, 186, 188, 205, 217

See also Buddha; Great Sage saint(s)/sainthood, 3, 5, 8, 56, 93, 104, 112, 207, 210, 262, 263, 265 See also arhat(s); arhatship Śakra-devānām-indra, 25, 78, 174, 194, 227, 228, 266

Śākya clan, 190, 193 Śākyamuni, 24, 37, 72, 80, 88, 131, 184, 186, 187, 195, 217, 234, 257 samādhi, 123, 235 immovable, 123

lotus, 282

śūraṃgama- (of heroic valor), 199, 200 Samādhi Sutra on Liberation through Purification. See Jingdu sanmei jing Samantabhadra, 282 Samarkand, 247

Sāmaveda. See Vedas, four Sandaka, 253

Saṅghāṭa-sūtra. See Sengqiezha jing Sangquan. See Wanquan Śaṅkah. See Bei

Sanskrit, 205, 288nn18, 19; 289n35, 290n49, 291nn69, 70, 73, 74; 293n98, 294n112, 297nn147, 150, 158; 298n172, 299nn174, 179-183, 185, 188, 189; 300n192

sutras/texts, 92, 95, 216, 217, See also Indian language Sapoduo lüchao. See Extract of the Sarvāstivāda-vinaya

Sapoduo lun, 56, 67, 230 Sapoduo pini piposha. See Sapoduo lun Śāriputra, 8, 39, 81, 87, 139, 140, 185, 191, 195, 196, 197, 198, 206, 260 Sārthavāha, 39, 256-258 Sarvāstivāda-vinaya. See Shisong lü śāstras, xiv,

See also scripture(s); sutra(s); text(s) school(s), 205, 294n102 Lokāyatika, 111

ninety-six, 184

Sarvāstivāda, 209, 297n159 See also Hinayana; Mahayana scripture(s), xiii, xiv-xv, 21, 50, 74, 89, 113, 121, 150, 211, 221, 248, 277, 278, 287n2, 293n90, 298n169 nine kinds of, 207, 216 non-Buddhist/worldly, 113, 114, 131, 135, 139, 209, 293-294n101 twelve kinds of, 112, 141, 199, 216, 310 See also sutra(s); text(s) seal of physical excellence of a great person, 135

Second Series of Records of Inquiries of the Spirits, 27

secular, 24, 27, 31, 32, 37, 38, 43, 61, 68, 70, 79, 89, 98, 99, 109, 110, 113, 118, 120, 137, 152, 169, 174, 175, 176, 177, 180, 218, 243, 244, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 272, 273, 277, 282 See also householder(s); lay believer(s)/ laypeople/layperson

Index

self-conceit, 32, 33, 34, 37, 132, 154, 190 self-indulgent, 31, 63, 65, 105, 157, 238 self-nature, 100, 230, 231, 233, 243, 294n102

Sengfan, 174, 175

Senghe, 282

Senglüe, 216

Sengqian, 28, 216

Sengqie luocha suoji jing, 265 Sengqiezha jing, 4, 18, 161 Sengqin, 173

Sengrui, 296n129

See also Huirui

Sengyou, 88, 287n2, 298n164 Sengxiu. See Zhao Xi Sengzhao, 171, 205, 216 sense(s), five, 57, 78, 187 sense fields, twelve, 166 sense object(s), 57, 126, 298n162 sense organs, six, 14, 122, 126, 186, 290n53, 298n162

sensuality, 501, 51, 56 See also licentious(ness) seven treasures, 7, 20, 26, 42, 66, 199, 228, 236, 250, 259, 262 Shaanxi province, 169, 171, 213, 247, 282 Shan. See Daokai

Shan'anyin, 238, 299n182 Shandong province, 90, 175, 178, 180, 222, 244, 245, 248

Shanfu, 251

Shangdang, 176

Shan'gongjing jing, 155, 158 Shanjian lun/Shanjianlü piposha, 68, 69, 139, 291n65

Shanxi province, 129, 175, 176, 180, 218, 248, 250, 251, 276, 277, 279, 285 She dasheng lun, 180 She dasheng lunshi, 79 Sheng, 248

Shengsiwei fantian suowen jing, 157 335

Index

Shennong, 277

See also Three Augusts Shensu, 280

Shen Wenlong, 273 Shen Youzhi, 272 Sheyeduo, 76, 291n69 Shidian, 196

Shidi jing lun, 132, 294n108 Shiermen lun, 210 Shi Hu, 275

Shiji, 288nn22, 23 Shijiapu, 88, 292n78 Shisong lü, 144, 210 Shitou City, 271 Shizhao village, 251 Shizhu piposha lun, 135, 150, 152, 154, 157, 293n93

Shiziyue, 238, 299n180 Shuahu. See Subāhu Shuboqie, 55, 290n49 Shuijing City, 254 Shujia jing. See Sutra of Śuka-Taudeyaputra Shu prefecture/region, 29, 30, 93, 94 Sichuan province, 29, 30, 93, 129, 177 Sifen lü, 138

Sifen lü shanfan buque xingshi chao, 290nn56, 57, 59; 291nn62-67; 295nn115, 116

śīla, 37, 118, 266 See also moral conduct/practices/principles; precept(s) Silver City, 254 Sima Xun, 28, 29 Siṃha, 260

Siṃhala, 92, 221 sincerity, 4, 7, 15, 17, 19, 39, 94, 95, 98, 124, 126, 127, 129, 143, 146, 159, 188, 220, 253, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 274 Sipin xuefa jing, 121 336

Sishierzhang jing, 121 six fundamental discourses, 209 six kinds of people, 18 six thieves. See sense organ(s), six ślokas/stanzas, 217 See also verse(s) Song family, 251 Song shu, 294n103, 300n197 Son of Heaven Powerful Light, 26 Soushen ji. See Records of Inquiries of the Spirits

spirit, of a person, 27, 35, 60, 73, 105, 114, 180, 183, 262, 281 See also Way of the Spirit spirit(s)/spiritual beings, 41, 48, 50, 76-77, 83, 89, 95, 98, 116, 126, 164, 168, 232, 233, 244, 299n190 evil, 41, 48, 90, 94, 136, 219, 293-294n101 spiritual, 126, 169, 184, 197 darkness, 33

intelligence/faculties, 97, 146 powers, 127

stage, 126

Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu), 248 śramaṇa(s), 5, 8, 27, 29, 32, 50, 56, 74, 75, 76, 80, 88, 89, 91, 92, 94, 97, 102, 109, 112, 118, 128, 129, 137, 158, 168, 169, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 180, 184, 186, 190, 194, 206, 209, 213, 216, 217, 218, 221, 222, 234, 235, 246, 251, 272, 274, 277, 278, 280, 282

See also disciple(s) śrāmaṇera. See novice(s) śrāvaka(s), 7, 24, 25, 63, 97, 112, 134, 149, 162, 184, 186, 200, See also disciple(s); monk(s) Śrāvastī, 34, 39, 40, 44, 162, 168, 195, 198 Sri Lanka. See Siṃhala Śrīvardhana, 39, 40, 41, 43

Śroṇakoṭīviṃśa, 8

stage(s), 126, 133, 175 final/tenth, 5

first, 25, 264, 265, 303 four, of sainthood, 104, 207, 210, 262, 264-265

of nonretrogression, 199, 200, 238, 240, 253

ten, 225, 253

stream-enterer. See four fruit(s)/four stages of sainthood, srota-āpatti-phala stupa(s), 8, 20, 66, 79, 134, 165, 175, 176, 178, 179, 192, 221, 255 Subāhu, 122-125, 293n99 suffering, 10, 24, 34, 40, 41, 44, 50, 51, 53, 62, 63, 65, 66, 69, 72, 77, 78, 87, 102, 103, 104, 107, 108, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 126, 151, 155, 160, 165, 166, 181, 189, 190, 191, 207, 211, 216, 229, 230, 231, 237, 263, 264, 266 Su He, 270

Śuka-Todeyyaputra, 111 Sumatra See Yepoti

Sundarananda. See Nanda Sundarī, 84, 87

supernatural power(s), 12, 23, 39, 75, 81, 127, 128, 129, 164, 186, 187, 198, 199, 233, 240, 242, 271 five, 119, 185, 225, 240-241 four foundations of, 126 six, 71, 183, 242, 243 ten, 242

of travel, 185, 186, 197, 198, 243 See also divine, ear, eye Suprabuddha, 184, 185 Sudatta, 7

Śūraṃgama-samādhi-nirdeśa, 200 sutra(s), xiv, 9, 15, 21, 22, 28, 30, 44, 45, 54, 69, 70, 75, 89, 90, 92, 95, 96, 106, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 118, 120, 123, 127, 128, 129, 134-135, 136, 138, 139, Index

140, 143, 144, 146, 147, 150, 152, 156, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 201, 205, 207, 210, 215, 216, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222, 223, 227, 233, 249, 256, 266, 272, 273, 274, 276, 277, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 288n20, 293n90, 293-294n101, 294n102, 301n211

Āgama, 143, 208, 221

copying, 223, 283, 285-286 Mahayana, 200, 210, 211, 216 twelve divisions of, 61 See also scripture(s); text(s) Sutra of Aśokadattā Spoken by the Buddha. See Foshuo wuweinü jing Sutra of Four Things That You Should Not Make Light Of Spoken by the Tathāgata, 288n20

See also Bieyi za ahan jing Sutra of Śuka-Taudeyaputra, 111, 293n93 Sutra on Avalokiteśvara, 127, 128, 271, 272, 273

Sutra on Liberating People. See Duren jing

Sutra on the Merits of Those Who Re nounce the World. See Chujia gongde jing

Sutra on the Upāsaka's Liberating People. See Qingxinshi duren jing Sutra on the Virtuous Woman's Questions, 212

Sutra on Trapuṣa and Bhallika. See Tiwei jing

Sutras in the Dharma Garden. See Fa yuan jing

Suvarṇaprabhāsa-sūtra. See Hebu jin'guangming jing

Suzhou, 271

T

Taishan prefecture, 244 337

Index

Taiyuan, 129

Takṣaśilā, 9, 76, 288n19 Tāla village, 199

Tandi, 247

Tanhui, 93-94

Tanluan, 250

Tanyan, 175, 176

Tao Tang. See Yao

tathāgata(s), 5, 9, 151 See also buddha(s)

Tathāgata, 19, 22, 23, 24, 26, 67, 80, 81, 82, 85, 98, 113, 132, 133, 136, 139, 149, 150, 157, 158, 161, 165, 167, 168, 183, 187, 189, 191, 192, 194, 195, 198, 203, 234, 237, 238, 240, 243

See also Buddha; World-honored One Tathāgata-guhya-sūtra. See Miji jingang lishi hui/Miji jingang lishi jing teaching(s), 3, 5, 7, 8, 15, 20, 25, 28, 32, 37, 38, 49, 52, 70, 71, 75, 77, 95, 102, 104, 109, 110, 111, 113, 121, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136, 138, 140, 141, 150, 152, 154, 158, 161, 164, 169, 172, 188, 190, 192, 193, 205, 209, 212, 213, 214, 216, 235, 253, 277 common/deceptive/inferior/lesser/ wrong, 62, 92, 113, 132, 160 essential/great/sacred/true/profound, 37, 109, 122, 123, 147, 168, 205, 211, 213, 282

four, 162

Hinayana, 154

Mahayana, 134, 211, 282 ninety-six kinds of, 184 non-Buddhist, 70, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 172

ten wholesome acts, 74, 154, 204 text(s), xiii, xiv, xv, 133, 138, 172, 174, 211, 215, 216, 221, 249, 251, 289n35, 338

293nn90, 91, 95; 294n104, 298n164, 169

non-Buddhist, 37, 110 Sanskrit, 216, 217

Vinaya, xiv

See also scripture(s); sutra(s); Vinaya(s) Three Augusts, 277, 280 See also Fuxi; Shennong; Yellow Emperor

three characteristics of phenomenal things, 109

three kinds of wholesome thoughts, 233 Three Kings' Tombs, 269 three poisons, 48, 61, 152, 196 three realms, 68, 69, 151, 153, 163, 227, 253, 258

of desire, 100, 153, 210, 241 six/sixth heaven(s) of, 47, 78, 79, 120, 184, 202

of form, 263

eighteen heavens of, 184 formless, 263

Three Refuges, 70, 235, 238 See also Three Treasures Three Revered Ones, 48, 54, 76, 121, 255, 293-294n101

See also Three Treasures Three Treasures, 4, 15, 18, 19, 40, 74, 76, 99, 110, 124, 126, 143, 147, 155, 160, 179, 215, 264

See also Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha; Three Refuges; Three Revered Ones three vehicle(s), 63, 149 See also Hinayana; Mahayana; One Vehicle

Tianre/Tianshou/Tianyu. See Devadatta Tiwei jing, 105, 293n91 Tocharian language, 297n158 Tongshan county, 218 tonsure, 29, 61, 67, 68, 69, 70, 95, 190, 207

transmigration, 23, 32, 33, 35, 38, 39, 42, 43, 63, 64, 77, 79, 87, 104, 132, 133, 154, 157, 199, 255, 263 See also birth and death trees(s), 15, 40-41, 53, 58, 59, 66, 83, 119, 120, 215, 233, 234, 236, 241, 245, 250, 265, 270 aśvattha, 47, 289n38 bamboo, 185

bodhi, 165, 242, 261, 262, 289n38 catalpa, 270

jambu, 198

locust, 249

mulberry, 16, 244 nyagrodha, 199

paulownia, 217

pine, 268, 284

poisonous, 59, 166 tāla, 98

trichiliocosm, 4, 5, 105, 151, 163, 188, 205, 241, 242

Tripiṭaka, 174, 176, 178, 180, 207, 309 truth(s), 14, 17, 49, 50, 63, 75, 97, 111, 114, 131, 154, 166, 168, 169, 189, 197, 200, 225, 242, 243, 258, 264 Turfan/Uch-Turfan, 210, 213 See also Kucha

"Two Shengs." See Daosheng; Huisheng U

Udānavarga. See Chuyao jing Udayana, 45, 47, 54 Udayanavatsarāja-paripṛcchā-nāma-parivarta. See Foshuo youtianwang jing Udāyi, 72, 73

Ugraparipṛcchā. See Yuqie changzhe hui/Yuqie changzhe jing ultimate, 98, 215, 242 principle, 109

reality, 170, 243 Index

upādhyāya(s), 3, 27, 32, 41, 67, 68, 69, 70, 87, 100, 155, 212, 247 Upagupta, 208, 298n160 Upāli, 190, 191

upāsaka(s), 4, 10, 23 See also layman/laymen; lay believer(s)/ laypeople/layperson Upāsaka-śīla-sūtra. See Youposai jie jing upāsikā(s), 23, 40, 157 See also laywoman/laywomen; lay believer(s)/laypeople/layperson Uppalavarṇā Bhikṣuṇī Jātaka. See Youboluohua biqiuni bensheng jing Uruvilvā-kāśyapa, 185 V

Vaiḍūrya City, 254 Vaiśālī, 78

Vaiśravaṇa, 78

Vajrakumāri, 162-165 Vārāṇasī, 164, 200, 201, 202, 238 See also Kāśi

Various Phases of the Sutras and Vinayas. See Jinglü yixiang Vasumitra, 233, 234, 238, 244 Vedas, four, 209

Vedaśata-śāstra, 209 vegetarian/vegetarianism, 61, 129, 172, 276

verse(s), 11, 13, 14, 17, 19, 26, 34, 35, 36, 37, 43, 46, 51, 57, 59, 60, 68, 69, 74, 84, 89, 101, 102, 105, 106, 108, 114, 118, 119, 126, 132, 133, 143, 147, 150, 151, 152, 157, 165, 168, 181, 199, 205, 207, 217, 236, 237, 242, 244, 256, 257, 258, 260, 261, 266, 284, 290n54, 291n66, 294n110, 295n114, 297n154, 301n211 geya, 136

four-line/gāthā, 134, 144, 155, 217 See also ślokas/stanzas 339

Index

Videha, 85, 86, 260

view(s), 34, 135, 155, 170, 183, 209, 212, 214, 231

heterodox, 7, 27

wrong, 113, 150, 151, 293-294n101, 299n175

Vimalakīrtinirdeśa-sūtra, 131, 171, 217, 248, 294n106

Vimalākṣa, 210, 298n163 Vinaya(s), xiv, 33, 37, 67, 109, 110, 118, 136, 139, 144, 158, 191, 218, 223, 295n128

See also precept(s)

Vipassī, 77

Vipaśyin, 189, 255

Vīrasena, 78

virtue(s), 11, 17, 23, 24, 30, 32, 34, 67, 77, 90, 91, 92, 97, 109, 149, 161, 165, 176, 179, 197, 201, 202, 205, 213, 217, 244, 253, 286, 297n156 of Buddha/Śākyamuni, 186, 187, 203 eminent/great/highest, 5, 6, 9, 37, 61, 76, 179, 207, 213, 217, 288n14 meritorious, 3, 4, 13, 15, 37, 111, 112 of renouncing the world, 79, 109 W

Wang Hengzhi, 27

Wang Lian, 245-246

Wang Min, 299n186

Wang Qiu/Wang Shuda, 129 Wang Sengqian, 28

Wang Shichong, 278

Wang Wei, 172

Wang Xin, 276, 277

Wannian county, 282

Wanquan, 175, 296n133 Way (Buddhist), 6, 7, 8, 13, 15, 25, 27, 29, 36, 37, 38, 39, 50, 53, 57, 61, 65, 67, 72, 74, 75, 76, 79, 80, 85, 88, 89, 90, 340

91, 92, 94, 97, 101, 104, 109, 110, 112, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 126, 133, 147, 154, 158, 163, 165, 167, 168, 169, 173, 175, 177, 180, 184, 185, 192, 194, 199, 203, 204, 206, 211, 214, 216, 218, 222, 223, 234, 240, 253, 254, 255, 258, 259, 262, 264, 265, 267, 276, 278, 280, 285 non-Buddhist, 110, 111, 113, 114 Way of the Spirit, 168, 181 Wei Cong, 276

Wei Lang, 96

Weizengyou yinyuan jing, 87 Weizheng prefecture, 271 Weizhou, 249

Wen, Emperor (Han dynasty), 16 Wen, Emperor (r. 424-453), 91, 169 Wen, Emperor (r. 581-604), 178 Wenshui, 250

Wenshushili panniepan jing, 199 Wenshu[shili] wen jing, 135 Western Capital. See Luoyang Western Region, 89, 95, 212, 213 See also India

wheel-turning noble king(s), 4, 24, 25, 194, 204, 262, 297n153 wisdom(s), 15, 17, 18, 32, 75, 88, 89, 111, 122, 123, 131, 140, 143, 146, 149, 150, 151, 154, 155, 160, 169, 185, 189, 203, 205, 226, 229, 230-231, 242, 254, 282, 288n21 all-knowing/seed, 233, 258 eye(s) of, 113, 139, 188, 197, 266 great/highest/utmost, 6, 25, 72, 112, 149, 154, 198, 202, 282 immovable/true, 114, 140 that arises from a vow, 226, 230 that arises from innate thought, 226, 229 two kinds, 233

of knowing one's former existences, 225, 226, 230, 231, 232, 233

of knowing others' thoughts, 225, 226, 230, 231, 232, 233 undefiled, eight kinds of, 145-146 women, 31, 43-44, 47-54, 56-60, 71, 79, 91, 115, 163, 164-165, 168, 241, 250, 278

world(s), 3, 7, 13, 14, 15, 17, 23, 28, 39, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 63, 71, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 81, 85, 88, 90, 97, 98, 99, 101, 107, 112, 113, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 136, 137, 140, 141, 145, 148, 150, 151, 159, 162, 163, 164, 172, 176, 181, 184, 185, 187, 189, 213, 216, 218, 222, 235, 237, 240, 241, 242, 248, 253, 268, 278, 280, 281, 284, 285, 293-294n101, 298n162, 299n184 evil, 21, 22

external/manifesting/mundane/phenomenal, 90, 109, 150, 168, 243, 264, 279, 280

innumerable/of the ten directions, 119, 123, 199

internal/unseen, 90, 168, 175, 177, 181, 284

renouncing/renunciation of, xiii, 18, 26, 29, 37-39, 54, 62-75, 77-80, 84, 85, 87-90, 94, 95, 100, 103, 108, 109, 111, 112, 134, 137, 169, 174, 190, 193, 199, 200, 203, 204, 206, 207, 234, 239, 247, 249, 259, 272, 273, 274, 278, 281, 282, secular, 24, 37, 38, 43, 68, 70, 89, 98, 113, 120, 244, 248, 249 See also buddha land(s)/world(s) World-honored One, 4, 5, 17, 18, 19, 21, 36, 39, 45, 46, 57, 69, 81, 84, 85, 105, 107, 140, 141, 151, 156, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 191, 197, 198, 204, 234, 240, 242, 243, 296n141

See also Buddha; Tathāgata Index

worldly, 76, 88, 92, 110, 113, 114, 140, 147, 293-294n101, 295nn118, 122 Wu, Emperor, 293n91, 294n103 Wubeiping, 268

wucan and wukui, 99-101, 292n84 See also can and kui

Wu county/prefecture/region, 29, 170, 248, 271

Wu Ding, 16

Wufenlü, 144, 295n115 Wuku zhangju jing, 293-294n101 Wusheng. See Maitreya wuwei. See nirvana

Wuwei area, 214

Wuweide pusa hui, 288n26 See also Foshuo wuweinü jing Wuxing prefecture, 172, 246, 247, 248 Wuxing she lun. See She dasheng lunshi Wuyang, 218

X

Xiahou, 179

Xiahuang gong, 300n205 See also Four Brilliant Old Men Xiang Jing, 246

Xiangxi county, 274

Xiangyang, 213, 245

Xiangzhou, 251, 252, 272, 273 Xian jing, 67, 104, 200, 221, 297nn150-153; 298n169 Xianyu jing, 38

Xianyu kingdom, 233, 299n179 Xiao Sihua, 90

Xicheng, 251

Xie Huiyuan, 173

Xing Huaiming, 128

Xining/Xiping, 275

Xinjian province, 219 Xinlin, 272

Xin posha lun. See Apidamo dapiposha lun

341

Index

Xiong Qu, 267, 268 Xiu, 30

Xizhou, 90, 251 Xuanchun county, 269 Xuangao, 251 Xuanhuang. See Yellow Emperor Xuanhui, 277 Xuanwu, Emperor (r. 499-515), 174 Xuanyun. See Daoshi Xuanzang, xiv Xuchang, 275 Xue family, 248 Xue Zong, 281 Xu soushen ji. See Second Series of Records of Inquiries of the Spirits Y

Yajurveda. See Vedas, four yakṣa(s), 12, 43 Yan, 274

Yang Hu, 244-245 Yan jing, 298n169 Yao. See Tao Tang Yao Chang, 214, 215, 247 Yao Junsu, 279-280, 281 Yao Shide, 215 Yao Song, 216 Yao Xian, 216 Yao Xing, 215, 216, 217, 218 Yar Khoto. See Qianbu Yaśodharā, 87 Ye, 175, 275 Yedong, 174

Yellow Emperor, 179, 277 See also Three Augusts Yeongpumni, King, 16 Yepoti, 222, 298n170 Yijiao jing lun, 101, 112 Yingfu, 92

Yingou, 283

342

Yingshu, 275 Yingwu jing. See Sutra of Śuka-Todeyyaputra Yingxian, 81, 291n73 yin and yang/yin-yang, 209, 213 See also Daoist; nine schools, Yin-Yang Yiqieyong, 4, 18, 161-162 Yique, xiii

Yiyang county, 273 Yizhou, 178

Yogācāra-bhūmi. See Yuqie shidi lun Yongli xiansheng, 300n205 See also Four Brilliant Old Men Yongzhou, 282 Youboluohua biqiuni bensheng jing, 71, 291n68

Youposai jie jing, 3, 145, 156, 295nn117, 118

Youzong, 272-273 Yu, 179

Yuan, 171

Yuan Bing, 28-29 Yuan Hong/Yuan Yanbo, 275, 300n198 Yuan Wendu, 278 Yuanhunzhi. See Records of Resentful Spirits of Those Who Died Unreasonably Yue region, 95, 292n83 Yueshi tribe, 208 Yuezhi, 298n166 Yu Peiyu, 272-273 Yuqie changzhe hui/Yuqie changzhe jing, 65, 290n55

Yuqie shidi lun, 100 Yuxiang, 180 Yu Xiaojing, xiii Z

Za ahan jing, 17, 106 See also Āgama sutra(s), Saṃyuk tāgama

Za apitanxin, 221 Zabao zang jing, 70, 72, 82, 166, 260, 262, 264, 292nn75-77; 295n127, 300nn194, 195 Za piyu jing, 74, 121, 256, 299n191 Zazang jing, 208, 221 See also Kṣudraka-piṭaka Zengyi ahan jing, 9, 57, 80, 88, 140, 141, 197, 291nn71, 72; 297n149 See also Āgama sutra(s), Ekottarāgama Zhang Jing/Zhang Shou, 276, 300n200 Zhang Jingxiu, 128 Zhang Qian, 219 Zhang Xiaojing, 283 Zhang Zan, 283 Zhao family, 251, 252 Zhao Changwen, 278 Zhao Xi, 94-95 Zhejiang province, 172, 246, 247 Zhen, 214

Zhen Fachong, 94 Zhengfanian chu jing, 19, 59, 102, 150, 156, 160, 290nn50-52 Zheng Shanguo, 179 Zhi Dun, 215

Zhijiang, 272 Zhiming, 91

Index

Zhiyan, 89-91 Zhiyuan, 91

Zhong benqi jing, 79 Zhong lun, 132, 210 Zhongni. See Confucius Zhou family, 284 Zhou, King. See Di Xin Zhou shu, 288n21 Zhu family, 127 Zhuanfalun jing. See Dharmacakrapravartana-sūtra Zhuangzi, 297n155, 300n204 Zhuangzi, 300n204 Zhu Changshu, 127 Zhu Daosheng, 169 Zhu Faya, 215 Zhu Fayang, 27 Zhufayongwang jing, 154 Zhujing yaoji, xiii, xiv Zhuque Gate, 223 Zhu Xiuzhi, 128 Zichan, 277

Zixun, 272, 300n197 Zizhou, 29

Zuiye baoying jing/Zuiye yingbao jiaohua diyu jing, 108 343